Important structures designed with the Eurocodes
Important structures designed with the Eurocodes
Important structures designed with the Eurocodes
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EUROCODES<br />
A tool for building safety and<br />
reliability enhancement<br />
<strong>Important</strong> Structures Designed <strong>with</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Eurocodes</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Millau Viaduct and <strong>the</strong> new Liège railway station<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 1<br />
bureau greisch<br />
Liège – Belgium<br />
www.greisch.com<br />
V. de VILLE de GOYET<br />
Dr.ir. – Director<br />
Prof. ULG – CHEC (Paris)
EUROCODES<br />
A tool for building safety and<br />
reliability enhancement<br />
<strong>Important</strong> Structures Designed <strong>with</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Eurocodes</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Millau Viaduct and <strong>the</strong> new Liège railway station<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 2<br />
MILLAU – serviciability NATIONAL codes or SPECIFIC rules !!
EUROCODES<br />
A tool for building safety and<br />
reliability enhancement<br />
<strong>Important</strong> Structures Designed <strong>with</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Eurocodes</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Millau Viaduct and <strong>the</strong> new Liège railway station<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 3<br />
MILLAU – Construction EUROCODES !!
EUROPE<br />
BELGIUM<br />
Nbr of neighbours<br />
=<br />
Nbr of « approaches »<br />
Nbr of « rules »<br />
EUROCODE<br />
=<br />
Common approach<br />
Much more creative<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 4
Greisch<br />
Liège Science Park<br />
GREISCH<br />
2 km only<br />
University<br />
University of Liege<br />
Common researches<br />
…<br />
and<br />
Many discussions<br />
concerning<br />
new approaches and …<br />
<strong>Eurocodes</strong><br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 5
National codes<br />
+<br />
<strong>Eurocodes</strong><br />
1983 1985<br />
<strong>Eurocodes</strong><br />
1993<br />
1994<br />
Viaducts - Belgium<br />
Special <strong>structures</strong><br />
o<strong>the</strong>r countries<br />
1997<br />
2000<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 6
National codes<br />
+<br />
<strong>Eurocodes</strong><br />
1991<br />
<strong>Eurocodes</strong><br />
1996<br />
Viaducts<br />
Special <strong>structures</strong><br />
o<strong>the</strong>r countries<br />
2001<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 7
National codes<br />
+<br />
<strong>Eurocodes</strong><br />
1991 1993<br />
<strong>Eurocodes</strong><br />
1999<br />
2000<br />
Viaducts<br />
Special <strong>structures</strong><br />
o<strong>the</strong>r countries<br />
France<br />
Portugal<br />
Ile de Reunion<br />
2003<br />
today<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 8
RAILWAY<br />
STATION<br />
Liège - Belgium<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 9
CALATRAVA<br />
Greisch<br />
May 1999<br />
In conformity<br />
<strong>with</strong> current codes<br />
Wind loading<br />
Final design<br />
Building phases<br />
Coordination<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 10
Global view<br />
35.35 m<br />
411.95 m<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 11
Global view<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 12
Roof<br />
Structure<br />
steel = 10.350 t<br />
Cover<br />
glass<br />
= 30.000 m2<br />
= 1.350 t<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 13
Loading<br />
Classic loading<br />
EUROCODES<br />
dead load<br />
crowd<br />
snow<br />
temperature<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 14
Context<br />
First design made by architect ONLY <strong>with</strong> codes<br />
Loading<br />
Final design: 1999<br />
Larges <strong>structures</strong><br />
necessity to do tests in wind laboratory<br />
National code OR <strong>Eurocodes</strong> (ENV) ?<br />
choice made by owner<br />
Classic loading<br />
EUROCODES<br />
dead load<br />
crowd<br />
snow<br />
temperature<br />
Wind Loading<br />
????<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 15
Loading<br />
Classic loading<br />
EUROCODES<br />
dead load<br />
crowd<br />
snow<br />
temperature<br />
Wind Loading<br />
TEST<br />
+ Belgian Code !!<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 16
Hypo<strong>the</strong>ses adopted<br />
= wind Belgian code<br />
Wind loading<br />
NBN 03-002<br />
ENV 1991 2-4<br />
Return<br />
period<br />
Wind speed<br />
Wind speed<br />
reference<br />
10 years<br />
V 10 YEARS =<br />
24,0 m/sec<br />
50 years<br />
0,90V 50 YEARS<br />
26,20 m/sec<br />
Dynamic<br />
behaviour<br />
Cd: Same approach<br />
spatial distribution + dynamic behaviour<br />
Wind Loading<br />
Belgian Code !!<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 17
Wind loading<br />
EN 1991 1-4 - Belgium<br />
V b = 28 m/sec<br />
Liège<br />
EN 1991 1-4 + ANB - Belgium<br />
on <strong>the</strong> basis of<br />
measurements<br />
coherent <strong>with</strong><br />
o<strong>the</strong>r countries<br />
NEW MAP<br />
Basic wind speed Vb [m/sec]<br />
V b = 24 m/sec at Liège !<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 18
Hypo<strong>the</strong>ses adopted<br />
= wind Belgian code<br />
new Eurocode<br />
+ Belgian annex<br />
Wind loading<br />
NBN 03-002<br />
ENV 1991 2-4<br />
EN 1991 1-4<br />
Return<br />
period<br />
10 years<br />
50 years<br />
50 years<br />
Wind speed<br />
V 10 YEARS =<br />
0,90V 50 YEARS<br />
Wind speed<br />
reference<br />
24,0 m/sec<br />
26,20 m/sec<br />
+ AN<br />
24 m/sec<br />
Dynamic<br />
behaviour<br />
Cd: Same approach<br />
spatial distribution + dynamic behaviour<br />
Wind Loading<br />
Belgian Code<br />
= EN 1991 + ANB<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 19
Wind tests<br />
Definition of <strong>the</strong> wind profile<br />
above <strong>the</strong> roof<br />
Wind loading<br />
1/750 – φ= 1875 m<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 20
Wind tests<br />
Measurements of <strong>the</strong> pressure<br />
at each point of roof<br />
Wind loading<br />
1/200 – φ= 500 m<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 21
town<br />
Hill - parking<br />
Test measurements<br />
+ numerical simulations<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 22
Transversal displacement of B20<br />
displacements (m)<br />
RWTH<br />
FINELG<br />
0.2000<br />
0.1500<br />
0.1000<br />
0.0500<br />
????<br />
VLA<br />
VLB<br />
VLC<br />
VTA<br />
VTB<br />
VTC<br />
VTD<br />
umax 60<br />
umin60<br />
umax300<br />
umin300<br />
umax330<br />
umin330<br />
Wind loading<br />
0.0000<br />
-100.0000 -80.0000 -60.0000 -40.0000 -20.0000 0.0000 20.0000 40.0000 60.0000 80.0000 100.0000<br />
Place<br />
-0.0500<br />
-0.1000<br />
Y (m)<br />
Comparison<br />
of<br />
displacements<br />
Codes<br />
Tests<br />
Parking<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 23
Tests<br />
PLACE<br />
Codes<br />
B39<br />
900<br />
600<br />
Wind loading<br />
B01<br />
750 350 600 600<br />
Positive<br />
pressure<br />
500 600<br />
PARKING<br />
PLACE<br />
Comparison<br />
of<br />
mean pressures<br />
B39<br />
B01<br />
-850<br />
-1300<br />
-1000 -1200 -1300<br />
-600<br />
-700<br />
-1300<br />
-1300 -1300<br />
Negative<br />
pressure<br />
Codes<br />
Tests<br />
-600<br />
-1300<br />
[N/m2]<br />
PARKING<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 24
plasticity<br />
Design of<br />
elements<br />
ENV 1993<br />
Cross section design<br />
Interaction (N, M)<br />
N/Np<br />
elasticity<br />
M/Mp<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 25
plasticity<br />
Design of<br />
elements<br />
ENV 1993<br />
Cross section design<br />
Interaction (N, M)<br />
Plastic redistribution<br />
N/Np<br />
M/Mp<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 26
Design of<br />
elements<br />
ENV 1993<br />
Cross section design<br />
Interaction (N, M)<br />
Plastic redistribution<br />
Local buckling<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 27
Design of<br />
elements<br />
ENV 1993<br />
Cross section design<br />
Interaction (N, M)<br />
Plastic redistribution<br />
Local buckling<br />
Global instabilities<br />
Roof: 10.350 t.<br />
Main structure: 4.300 t.<br />
canopies: 3.050 t.<br />
footbridges: 3.000 t.<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 28
1. Dimensions<br />
principales<br />
2. Fonctionnement<br />
structurel<br />
Montage<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 29
1. Dimensions<br />
principales<br />
2. Fonctionnement<br />
structurel<br />
Montage<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 30
1. Dimensions<br />
principales<br />
2. Fonctionnement<br />
structurel<br />
Montage<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 31
1. Dimensions<br />
principales<br />
2. Fonctionnement<br />
structurel<br />
Montage<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 32
1. Dimensions<br />
principales<br />
2. Fonctionnement<br />
structurel<br />
Montage<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 33
1. Dimensions<br />
principales<br />
2. Fonctionnement<br />
structurel<br />
Montage<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 34
1. Dimensions<br />
principales<br />
2. Fonctionnement<br />
structurel<br />
Montage<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 35
1. Dimensions<br />
principales<br />
2. Fonctionnement<br />
structurel<br />
Montage<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 36
1. Dimensions<br />
principales<br />
2. Fonctionnement<br />
structurel<br />
Montage<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 37
1. Dimensions<br />
principales<br />
2. Fonctionnement<br />
structurel<br />
Montage<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 38
1. Dimensions<br />
principales<br />
2. Fonctionnement<br />
structurel<br />
Montage<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 39
1. Dimensions<br />
principales<br />
2. Fonctionnement<br />
structurel<br />
Montage<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 40
1. Dimensions<br />
principales<br />
2. Fonctionnement<br />
structurel<br />
Montage<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 41
1. Dimensions<br />
principales<br />
2. Fonctionnement<br />
structurel<br />
Montage<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 42
Building<br />
First launching step – mai 2005<br />
Last launching step – mai 2006<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 43
1. Dimensions<br />
principales<br />
2. Fonctionnement<br />
structurel<br />
Montage<br />
Echaffaudage<br />
pour assemblage<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 44
1. Dimensions<br />
principales<br />
2. Fonctionnement<br />
structurel<br />
Montage<br />
Palées provisoires<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 45
1. Dimensions<br />
principales<br />
2. Fonctionnement<br />
structurel<br />
Montage<br />
Vérin de poussage<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 46
10 m<br />
35 m<br />
Problème de stabilité:<br />
35 m de hauteur, 10 m de profondeur<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 47
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 48
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 49
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 50
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EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 54
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 55
NOUVELLES POTOS DERU<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 56
Millau viaduct<br />
2460 m<br />
360 m<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 57
Millau viaduct<br />
Serviciability<br />
<br />
CCTP – CM66<br />
Fisrt design: 1990<br />
Building<br />
<br />
EUROCODES: OK<br />
Paradox: <strong>the</strong> pylons !<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 58
Tarn<br />
750 m river 1750 m<br />
… 171 m … …<br />
…<br />
Millau viaduct<br />
P2<br />
P3<br />
1. Construction of abutments<br />
2. Concreting of piles<br />
3. Erection of temporary piles<br />
4. Launching <strong>with</strong> one pylon<br />
5. Carriage of pylons horizontally<br />
6. Rotation of pylons<br />
7. Setting up of hangers + adjustment<br />
8. Disassembling of temporary piles
Millau viaduct<br />
Deck<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 60
Millau viaduct<br />
Pylons<br />
Var. 9700 à 4950<br />
1500<br />
950 800<br />
1000 3050<br />
1300<br />
800<br />
Axe longitudinal<br />
950<br />
1750<br />
1050<br />
700<br />
1300<br />
300<br />
1050<br />
Tôle discontinue ép. 15 ou 20<br />
Var. 700 à 462,5 Var. 700 à 462,5<br />
3500<br />
4050 700 Var. 200 à 3000 Var. 200 à 3000 4750<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 61
Millau viaduct<br />
Concrete pier<br />
<strong>with</strong> its steel pylon<br />
Zt<br />
Yt<br />
Yt<br />
Zt<br />
Zt<br />
Yt<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 62
Millau viaduct<br />
Turbulent wind<br />
Computations<br />
Displacements<br />
transversal<br />
vertical<br />
SERVICE<br />
60 cm<br />
85 cm<br />
CONSTRUCTION<br />
150 cm<br />
90 cm<br />
Return period<br />
of wind speed: 50 years
Millau viaduct<br />
Temporary piers<br />
Maximum load<br />
94 to 174 m<br />
7.000 tons<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 64
Temporary piers<br />
f3<br />
f2<br />
f1<br />
f2<br />
f1f3<br />
Finite element model<br />
Initial imperfections<br />
f1= default due to <strong>the</strong> slope Pi2: 85 mm = 1/2000<br />
f2= bow imperfection Pi2: 85 mm = 1/2000<br />
f3= bad position of <strong>the</strong> pier top 50 mm<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 65
Temporary piers<br />
DL<br />
wind<br />
Finite element model<br />
Initial imperfections<br />
3D model<br />
Incident stop before Pi3<br />
Non linear computations: + 3% only !<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 66
Temporary piers<br />
Joints<br />
mixed method Eurocode 3<br />
•SLS : HS bolts + Friction<br />
•ULS : Shear resistance<br />
Finite element model<br />
Initial imperfections<br />
3D model<br />
Design<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 67
Millau viaduct<br />
Launching<br />
Deck design<br />
patch-loading above each support<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 68
Millau viaduct<br />
EUROCODE 3 or SPECIFIC RULES of CCTP ?<br />
Launching<br />
Deck design<br />
1<br />
0.9<br />
0.8<br />
0.7<br />
0.6<br />
0.5<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
χ final<br />
Load<br />
unsafe<br />
Millau<br />
EC 3<br />
CCTP<br />
b/t ↑<br />
FRENCH RULES ⇔ EC3 (= reference)<br />
- if long > , Frenc rules TOO SAFE<br />
-if short
Millau viaduct<br />
Launching<br />
Deck design<br />
100<br />
80<br />
%<br />
120000<br />
100000<br />
FINELG<br />
60<br />
40<br />
Largeur collaborante<br />
reference<br />
80000<br />
EC3<br />
20<br />
A raid /A raid+tôle<br />
A<br />
0<br />
stiff<br />
/ A stiff+plate<br />
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40<br />
60000<br />
40000<br />
20000<br />
0<br />
+<br />
EUROCODE 3<br />
+<br />
FINELG<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 70
Millau viaduct<br />
Launching<br />
Deck design<br />
Instability<br />
plastifications<br />
Method: MEF non linear FEM<br />
P<br />
P<br />
for each geometry = 50 computations<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 71
Vertical<br />
reaction only<br />
Millau viaduct<br />
Launching<br />
Deck design<br />
30,000<br />
R ult -FEM<br />
25,000<br />
inter Millau<br />
20,000<br />
Résultats MEF<br />
EC3<br />
Inter Millau<br />
( )<br />
15,000<br />
10,000<br />
α<br />
⎛<br />
⎜<br />
⎝<br />
P<br />
Po<br />
α<br />
⎞ ⎛<br />
⎟ + ⎜<br />
⎠ ⎝<br />
M<br />
Mo<br />
α<br />
⎞<br />
⎟<br />
⎠<br />
= 1<br />
Roberts : α = 2<br />
Millau : α = 3.5<br />
Roberts<br />
EC3<br />
Bending moment only<br />
5,000<br />
120000<br />
100000<br />
FINELG<br />
beg+EC3= M ult<br />
80000<br />
60000<br />
EC3<br />
0<br />
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 450,000<br />
M (kN )<br />
40000<br />
20000<br />
0<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 72
Millau viaduct<br />
Launching<br />
Bottom flange of box girder<br />
during launching<br />
Profile of <strong>the</strong><br />
road<br />
Final position<br />
of <strong>the</strong> deck<br />
Abutment C8<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 73
Millau viaduct<br />
Launching<br />
Deck design<br />
Launching profile<br />
Bottom flange of box girder<br />
during launching<br />
Bottom flange of box girder<br />
during service<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 74
Millau viaduct<br />
Launching<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 75
Millau viaduct<br />
Launching<br />
Deck design<br />
Simulation <strong>with</strong> FINELG<br />
Calculation at each step (5 m)<br />
Flexibility of supports<br />
Variation of supports level<br />
Contact or not on supports<br />
Nonlinear behaviour of cables<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 76
Millau viaduct<br />
Launching<br />
Deck design<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 77
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 78
Millau viaduct<br />
Launching<br />
Deck design<br />
- For each configuration = different hypo<strong>the</strong>ses<br />
-V wind = 0,9 x service wind = 185 km/h (10 years)<br />
Wind γ dead<br />
γ wind<br />
Fabrication (normal stop- 4 weeks)<br />
185 km/h<br />
1,35 1,50<br />
Launching IF good wea<strong>the</strong>r forecast (3 days) 72 km/h 1,35 1,50<br />
Incident stop ( wind >>>) 185 km/h 1,10 1,20<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 79
Millau viaduct<br />
Launching<br />
Deck design<br />
Incident<br />
danger: storm<br />
wind forecast !<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 80
Millau viaduct<br />
Launching<br />
Deck design<br />
Procedure<br />
Fixation<br />
Transverse<br />
support<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 81
EUROCODES<br />
- Resistance: possible plasticity<br />
Millau viaduct<br />
Design<br />
- Joints: mixed method: SLS: HS + friction – ULS: shear<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 82
EUROCODES<br />
- Resistance: possible plasticity<br />
Millau viaduct<br />
Design<br />
- Joints: mixed method: SLS: HS + friction – ULS: shear<br />
- Instability: homogenous safety (plate buckling)<br />
generalization of buckling curves<br />
γ Mo = 1,10 Unfavourable (<strong>with</strong> EN 1993-ANB, no more problem)<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 83
Millau viaduct<br />
Design<br />
6%<br />
17%<br />
77 %<br />
Service : French rules<br />
Building of pylons and<br />
Launching <strong>Eurocodes</strong><br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 84
Yesterday,<br />
on computer<br />
<strong>with</strong><br />
National Codes<br />
Today<br />
above <strong>the</strong> clouds<br />
near <strong>the</strong> sun,<br />
WITH <strong>Eurocodes</strong>
Millau viaduct<br />
Tests in our office !<br />
MILLAU<br />
<strong>the</strong> tallest piers<br />
on <strong>the</strong> world ??<br />
Its tallest piers<br />
of design notes<br />
even<br />
<strong>with</strong> EUROCODES!!<br />
Ooooooh !!<br />
If we take account of<br />
<strong>the</strong> friction between<br />
<strong>the</strong> 250 design notes,<br />
<strong>the</strong> stability should be<br />
OK !!<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 86
EUROCODES<br />
A tool for building safety and<br />
reliability enhancement<br />
<strong>Important</strong> Structures Designed <strong>with</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Eurocodes</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Millau Viaduct and <strong>the</strong> new Liège railway station<br />
EU-Russia cooperation on standardisation for construction – Moscow, 9-10 October 2008 88<br />
bureau greisch<br />
Liège – Belgium<br />
www.greisch.com<br />
V. de VILLE de GOYET<br />
Dr.ir. – Director<br />
Prof. ULG – CHEC (Paris)
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