Revegetation Guidelines for Western Montana - Global Restoration ...

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We greatly appreciate the contributions provided by reviewers and leadership provided by the Missoula County Weed District and the Missoula County Weed Board in providing funding and support to prepare these guidelines. Taking the lead to produce this document illustrates the comprehensive and inclusive approach of the District and Board. Special thanks to Mr. Jerry Marks, Missoula County Extension Agent, whose progressive efforts and lifetime dedication to weed management have granted valued direction to Montana and to the development of these guidelines. K.G. and R.S.
Contents Page Introduction 3 Step 1: Make a goal statement 3 Step 2: Determine revegetation necessity 4 Step 3: Determine likelihood of successful revegetation 7 Step 4: Salvage vegetation and topsoil prior to planned disturbance 7 Step 5: Site preparation 9 Soil compacted sites 9 Seedbed preparation 9 Soil amendments 10 Step 6: Reduce weed interference 11 Step 7: Design a seed mix 13 (1) Revegetation goals 14 (a) Improve rangeland / forage production or rehabilitate degraded or disturbed sites 14 Rangeland improvement 14 Natural area rehabilitation 15 Roadside rehabilitation 15 (b) Quickly reestablish vegetation to minimize erosion 16 Season of use for selected western Montana forage species (table) 18 (c) Establish species that can minimize noxious weed invasion or reestablishment 19 (d) Restore a healthy plant community 20 (2) Site characteristics 20 (a) Soil attributes 20 (b) Precipitation, soil moisture, temperature, and elevation of the site 21 Native and introduced grass, grasslike species, forb, and shrub recommendations (table) 22-32 Recommended native grasses for western Montana by zone (table) 33 Step 8: Assist establishment 34 Step 9: Determine seeding method 37 Drill seeding 37 Broadcast seeding 38 Hydroseeding 38 Land imprinting 39 Hay mulch seeding 39 “Island” planting 39 Plugging 40 Sprigging 40 Step 10: Calculate seeding rate 40 Step 11: Transplanting 41 Step 12: Determine best time to revegetate 42 Step 13: Checklist of actions (flowchart) 44 Step 14: Monitor success 45 Step 15: Long-term management 45 Conclusion 47 References 48 Appendix A: Montana County Noxious Weeds List 53 Appendix B: Roadside revegetation 54 Appendix C: Understanding succession to direct successful revegetation 57
Page 1: Revegetation Guidelines for Western
Page 5 and 6: A healthy, weed-resistant plant com
Page 7 and 8: Desired plant introduction Weed-inf
Page 9 and 10: functional groups, such as a forb c
Page 11 and 12: Harrowing or raking is a secondary
Page 13 and 14: Reducing the availability of nutrie
Page 15 and 16: When purchasing seed, ensure mix is
Page 17 and 18: missing from roadsides. Prior to co
Page 19 and 20: Table 1. Season of use for selected
Page 21 and 22: 4. Restore a healthy plant communit
Page 23 and 24: offset the disadvantage of low seed
Page 25 and 26: Tall to very tall bunchgrasses Blue
Page 27 and 28: Table 3. Non-native grasses recomme
Page 29 and 30: Pubescent wheatgrass 1 (Elytrigia i
Page 31 and 32: (Linum lewisii) silty-loamy ‘Appa
Page 33 and 34: Rose 2 (Rosa spp.) Snowberry (Symph
Page 35 and 36: Native vs. non-native species selec
Page 37 and 38: Seed stratification - cold stratifi
Page 39 and 40: Although drill seeding can enhance
Page 41 and 42: Island planted shrubs as overstory
Page 43 and 44: Some plants tolerate transplanting
Page 45 and 46: Insert flowchart (Step 13 PowerPoin
Page 47 and 48: If grazing is the intended use of t
Page 49 and 50: References Albaladejo, J., R. Alvar
Page 51 and 52: Masters, R. S. Nissen, R. Gaussoin,
Page 53 and 54:
Wiersum, T. 2000. Post-fire rehabil
Page 55 and 56:
Appendix B. Roadside revegetation R
Page 57 and 58:
Mowing and weeds Besides affecting
Page 59:
Although the soil may be mature eno
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