EU-SICHERHEITSDATENBLATT Dieselkraftstoff ... - Schmierstoffe

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SECTION 1
1 INTRODUCTION
Refined petroleum substances are complex substances containing numerous
hydrocarbon constituents. This poses a challenge for environmental hazard assessments
including toxicity testing. As a result high quality toxicity data may not be available for
hazard ranking of petroleum substances. In these instances the PETROTOX model can be
used to provide reasonably conservative predictions of acute and chronic toxicity (Redman
et al 2010; HydroQual 2009). However, precedence will be given to experimental data
(when available) over predicted values.
The PETROTOX model is based on previous work modeling the solubility of
petroleum substances (Di Toro et al 2007; McGrath et al 2005) and the Target Lipid Model
to predict toxicity of narcotic chemicals (Di Toro et al 2000; McGrath and Di Toro 2009).
This report documents the results of PETROTOX predictions for the wide range of
petroleum substances that are currently under review as part of the chemicals regulation
program REACH in Europe.
Substance categories
This report addresses 19 main substance categories that represent major categories of
refined petroleum substances being managed by CONCAWE in support of REACH
requirements. These categories span a wide range of distillation properties in refined
substances from petroleum gases to bitumen. An industry-wide effort was conducted to
characterize these substances using comprehensive 2D gas chromatography, which were
used as the input to the PETROTOX predictions. The average compositions of all samples
within a category are reported in the sections below.
Model set-up
The PETROTOX model was designed to predict the results of standardized
laboratory toxicity testing methods. The default system parameters are, therefore, consistent
with the design of the testing systems as well as the validation of the PETROTOX model
(Redman et al 2010). For example, model simulations were performed assuming a 10%
headspace to account for volatilization of test substances during exposures. Also,
predictions for microbial organisms (e.g., algae and WWTP organisms such as protozoa)
were performed assuming a particulate organic carbon content of 2 mg/L. This accounts
for elevated particulate concentrations present during typical test conditions, which can
lower the bioavailability of the dissolved hydrocarbons and is consistent with the initial
validation of the model (Redman et al 2010).