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4-methyldodecane 13 12.2 3.3 6.7 2,6,10-trimethyldodecane 15 22.0 3.5 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethyl nonane 16 135.4 60 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl hexadecane (pristane) 20 54.5 21.0 4.3 2,6,10,14-tetramethylhexadecane (phytane) 20 54.5 28.0 Table 2. Predicted and experimental marine and freshwater half-life values for isoparaffins (in bold, structure names for which BioHCwin predicts half-lives above 60 days; rows in orange show experimental values above 60 days) Half-life predicted (days) 1000.0 100.0 10.0 Freshwater P criterion Marine Water 1.0 1.0 10.0 100.0 Half-life observed (days) Figure 4. BioHCwin (Y-axis) vs. experimental half-lives (X-axis) for iso-paraffins 3.3 Mono-Naphthenic Hydrocarbons The BioHCwin model predicts half-lives above 60 days for mono-naphthenic hydrocarbons above C19 (Figure 5). Marine and freshwater experimental half-lives for mono-naphthenic hydrocarbons up to C18 range from 1.7 to 55.9 days (Table 3). The highest half-life, which is still well below the persistence criterion, was found for a C10 structure, cis-1,1,3,5-tetramethylcyclohexane, which is the most branched structure in the experimental dataset. In several cases, there are data for multiple hydrocarbons with the same number of carbons. For carbon numbers for which persistence data are available, predicted and experimental data are consistent, and all values up to C18 are below the persistence criterion (Figure 6). It can be concluded that, based on the available data, mono-naphthenic hydrocarbons at or above C19 may have half-lives above the persistence criterion. 12
ioHCwin half-life (days) 10000.0 1000.0 100.0 10.0 1.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Carbon number 60 d half-life Figure 5. Half-life predictions for mono-naphthenic hydrocarbons using the US EPA model BioHCwin Hydrocarbon C nr BioHCwin Predicted Half-Life (days) Measured Seawater Half-Life (days) Measured Freshwater Half-Life (days) cyclopentane 5 45.1 6.0 9.1 cyclohexane 6 55.4 4.3 8.2 methylcyclopentane 6 6.0 3.9 8.1 1,1-dimethylcyclopentane 7 21.2 8.6 7.4 cis-1,3-dimethylcyclopentane 7 4.1 8.3 ethylcyclopentane 7 6.9 6.5 methylcyclohexane 7 7.3 3.8 7.4 trans-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane 7 4.1 10.4 trans-1,3-dimethylcyclopentane 7 4.1 8.0 1,1-dimethylcyclohexane 8 26.0 10.4 cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane 8 5.1 7.9 cis-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane 8 5.1 8.1 ethylcyclohexane 8 8.5 6.5 trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane 8 5.1 8.1 trans-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane 8 5.1 7.7 1,1,3-trimethylcyclohexane 9 18.0 8.5 1,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane 9 3.5 8.0 30.4 bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane 9 55.9 4.9 18.9 n-propylcyclohexane 9 9.9 5.5 butylcyclohexane 10 11.6 2.6 cis-1,1,3,5-tetramethylcyclohexane 10 12.5 20.1 36.1 iso-butylcyclohexane 10 13.3 6.3 7.4 pentylcyclohexane 11 13.5 2.1 1-isobutyl 2,5 12 6.4 2.8 12.9 13
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Vacuum Gas Oils, Hydrocracked Gas O
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Gas Oils (Vacuum) 4 DNEL (inhalatio
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Industrial - Tabletting, CS100 Indo
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Page 129 and 130: Industrial - Bulk transfers CS14 Da
Page 131 and 132: Professional - Maintenance and CS77
Page 133 and 134: Note: differentiated Industrial -SU
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Page 137 and 138: Industrial - operation of open CS16
Page 139 and 140: Vacuum Gas Oils, Hydrocracked Gas O
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Page 147 and 148: Industrial - Tabletting, CS100 Indo
Page 149 and 150: Combined Professional - Manual spra
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Page 153 and 154: Professional - Maintenance and CS77
Page 155 and 156: Note: differentiated Industrial -SU
Page 157 and 158: Professional - Treatment and dispos
Page 159 and 160: Industrial - operation of open CS16
Page 165 and 166: This tool is provided for informati
Page 167 and 168: An Evaluation of the Persistence, B
Page 169 and 170: Table of Contents Executive Summary
Page 171 and 172: 2.0 Outline of PBT/vPvB Assessment
Page 173 and 174: 3.0 Persistence Assessment of Petro
Page 175 and 176: 100.0 Half-life predicted (days) 10
Page 177: 2,3-dimethylheptane 9 7.7 6.2 7.4 2
Page 181 and 182: criterion. It can be concluded that
Page 183 and 184: ioHCwin half-life (days) 100000.0 1
Page 185 and 186: Hydrocarbon C nr BioHCwin Predicted
Page 187 and 188: ioHCwin half-life (days) 1000000.0
Page 189 and 190: ioHCwin half-life (days) 1000.0 100
Page 191 and 192: Hydrocarbon C nr BioHCwin Predicted
Page 193 and 194: enzo[a]pyrene 20 421.6 16.5 Table 1
Page 195 and 196: (see Appendix 2). Since BCF predict
Page 197 and 198: 10000 BCF (Arnot) 1000 100 10 1 n-P
Page 199 and 200: exhibit BMFs near unity (Figure 28)
Page 201 and 202: 2,2,4,4,6,8,8- heptamethyl nonane 1
Page 203 and 204: Hydrocarbon C BMF BCF (Arnot) Dieta
Page 205 and 206: BCF (regression) 100000 10000 1000
Page 207 and 208: 4.5 Polynaphthenic hydrocarbons Reg
Page 209 and 210: Experimental BMF 10 1 Polynaphth. D
Page 211 and 212: enzene n-octylbenzene 14 0.034 403
Page 213 and 214: 10000 1000 BCF (Arnot) 100 10 1 NMA
Page 215 and 216: and appears to be an outlier. This
Page 217 and 218: 4-ethylbiphenyl 14 863 1039 C Yakat
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Page 221 and 222: 10 Experimental BMF 1 0.1 NDiAr Die
Page 223 and 224: Hydrocarbon C BMF Arnot BCF Dietary
Page 225 and 226: Hydrocarbon C BMF Arnot BCF Dietary
Page 227 and 228: Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene Benz(a)
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5.0 Summary of Persistence and Bioa
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lower water solubility, it is possi
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properties of petroleum hydrocarbon
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8.0 References Anonymous (2004). Fi
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EMBSI (2007c). Fish, dietary bioacc
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Prince RC, Walters CC. (2007). Biod
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Appendix 1. Hydrocarbon structures
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iP 14 2,4,10-Trimethylundecane CC(C
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MN 7 1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane CC1C(
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MN 14 n-Nonylcyclopentane CCCCCCCCC
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MN 29 MN 29 MN 30 n-Tetracosylcyclo
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hexahydroindane DN 20 2,4-dimethylo
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PN 27 Phenanthrene 2,6-dimethylhept
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MAr 13 1-Methyl-3-hexylbenzene Cc1c
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NMAr 12 n-Propylindan c1ccc2CC(CCC)
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NMAr 24 c1cc(CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCCC)c2CC
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NMAr 29 NMAr 29 NMAr 29 NMAr 29 NMA
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DAr 16 2-Hexylnaphthalene CCCCCCc1c
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NDAr 16 n-Butylacenaphthene c12cccc
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NDAr 26 Dimethyloctyl-1,2,3,6,7,8-
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PAr 19 Ethylbenzo(a)fluorene C3c1cc
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PAr 22 n-Pentylbenzo(a)fluorene C3c
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PAr 28 Isohexyl-octadecahydro-picen
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Appendix 3. CONCAWE Position Paper
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probabilities are adjusted to best
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1.2.2 OASIS LMC Models: Toxicologic
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environmental chemicals (database o
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dihydrodiol. These dihydroxylated i
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Table 1 : PBT assessment of C15 str
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1: The following structures were pr
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Dimitrov SD, Dimitrova N, Mekenyan
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hydrocarbons and azaarenes original
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Verhaar HJM, van Leeuwen CJ, Hermen
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CONCAWE AQUATIC TOXICITY PREDICTION
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CONTENTS (Continued) Section Page 1
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1-2 The model predictions include m
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2-1 SECTION 2 2 SUMMARY OF COMPOSIT
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10-1 SECTION 10 10 SUMMARY OF COMPO
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