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10. Name two levels of government as provided in the new constitution. (2mks) i. County Government ii. National Government 11. Identify two economic reasons that made Africans to move to urban centres during the colonial period in Kenya. (2mks) i. Land alienation ii. Escape from forced labour iii. Trade 12. State one reason why Africans were reluctant to accept western medicine in Kenya during the colonial period. (1mk) i. Deep rooted fear in operation treatment. ii. When the government introduced vaccination campaign some Africans saw it as a way of being tortured and they went into hiding. iii. Africans had belief in traditional medicies. 13. Name the first president of Kenya African National Union. (1mk) i. James Gichuru 14. State two characteristics of political organizations in Kenya after 1945. (2mks) i. They were more radical and aggressive in their demands. ii. They had a national outlook involved people from all ethnic backgrounds. iii. They demanded for full political independence. 15. Which is the highest ranked court in Kenya’s judicial system under the new constitution. (1mk) i. The supreme court 16. Name the environmental organization founded by Wangari Mathai. (1mk) i. Green belt movement 17. State the main role of the Attorney General as the ex-official Member of Parliament. (1mk) i. Advise parliament and the government on legal matters. SECTION B (45MKS) ANSWER THREE QUESTIONS FROM SECTION 18. a) State five results of the migration and settlement of Bantus in Kenya. (5mks) i. Spread of iron working to other parts of Kenya. ii. Led to increased population iii. Led to increased inter community conflict. iv. Trading activities intensified on Bantus exchanged their iron products with other communities. v. Led to the spread of agricultural practices in Kenya. vi. Led to population redistribution e.g Dorobo moved to forested areas. www.kcse-online.info
vii. viii. ix. Displacement of some communities was also realized e.g Abagusii displaced by the Luo, cushites were displaced by Agikuyu in central Kenya. Inter-marriages between the Bantu communities and other groups. Exchange of knowledge and skills e.g many Bantus adopted the ageset system circumcision from the southern cushites. b) Describe the political organization of the Akamba during the pre-colonial period. (10mks) i. Practised a decentralized system of rule/council of elders. ii. Homestead (Musyi) war the smallest political unit. iii. Akamba had a territorial group comprised of several families called the clan. iv. The elders were ranked according to seniority Medium elders – Ntehe – helped in administrator Full elders – Atumia ma kivalo – acted as judge Senior elders – Atumia ma thembo - religion v. Had age set system for defense purpose/security. vi. Council of elders were also religious leaders. 19. a) State five factors that led Seyyid Said to transfer his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar. (5mks) i. The climate in Zanzibar was pleasant compared to Muscat which was hot and dry throughout the year. ii. The need to control the towns along the East African Coast more effectively. iii. Zanzibar was a wide deep and well sheltered harbor in which ships could anchor. iv. Zanzibar had fertile soils for the cultivation of cloves. v. Zanzibar’s strategic position was convenient for trade with the mainland. vi. Zanzibar had clean and sweet water for drinking. b) Explain six effects of slave trade on the people of East Africa. (10mks) i. Africans subjected to untold sufferings and misery during slave raids and trade. ii. Depopulation of the interior of East Africa. iii. Led to fear and suspicion among the people. iv. Warfare increased due to slave raid. v. Undermined traditional industries as those with such skills were taken as slaves. vi. The use of slaves as porters promoted the trade in ivory and copper. 20. a) State three reasons for convening the 2 nd Lancaster House Conference. (3mks) i. To draw independent constitution. ii. To sort out the difference between KANU and KADU. iii. To deal with the final touches of granting Kenya independence. b) Explain six provisions of the independence constitution in Kenya. (12mks) i. Provided the three arms of government namely; Judicial, Executive and Legislative. ii. Regional type of government. iii. Sharing power between KANU & KADU. iv. Provide the post of governor General who was the head of state. www.kcse-online.info
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Page 5: 23. a) State three ways in which th

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