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HISTORY PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME
LAINAKU 1 2012
1. List any two characteristics of government. (2mks)
i. Rules
ii. Sovereignty
iii. Jurisdiction
iv. Legitimacy
v. Law enforcement
2. Name two political factors that led to the migration of people into Kenya. (2mks)
i. Territorial expansion
ii. Military organization
3. Identify any two communities that make up the coastal Bantus. (2mks)
i. Mijikenda
ii. Taita
iii. Pokomo
4. What was the main factor that facilitated the coming of the early visitors to the East African Coast?
(1mk)
i. Existence of the monsoon winds
5. Name two ways of becoming a Kenyan citizen. (2mks)
i. Birth
ii. Registration
6. Identify two factors that can undermine national unity in Kenya. (2mks)
i. Tribalism
ii. Nepotism
iii. Racism
iv. Religious rivalry
v. Corruption
vi. Uneven economic development
vii. Division politics
7. What is the main non- peaceful method of conflict resolution? (1mk)
i) Use of force.
8. Which document contains the bills of right in Kenya? (1mk)
i. The Kenyan constitution.
9. What is the meaning of the term promulgation of the constitution? (1mk)
i) It was the official announcement to introduce the constitution.
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10. Name two levels of government as provided in the new constitution. (2mks)
i. County Government
ii. National Government
11. Identify two economic reasons that made Africans to move to urban centres during the colonial period
in Kenya.
(2mks)
i. Land alienation
ii. Escape from forced labour
iii. Trade
12. State one reason why Africans were reluctant to accept western medicine in Kenya during the colonial
period.
(1mk)
i. Deep rooted fear in operation treatment.
ii. When the government introduced vaccination campaign some Africans saw it as a way of
being tortured and they went into hiding.
iii. Africans had belief in traditional medicies.
13. Name the first president of Kenya African National Union. (1mk)
i. James Gichuru
14. State two characteristics of political organizations in Kenya after 1945. (2mks)
i. They were more radical and aggressive in their demands.
ii. They had a national outlook involved people from all ethnic backgrounds.
iii. They demanded for full political independence.
15. Which is the highest ranked court in Kenya’s judicial system under the new constitution.
(1mk)
i. The supreme court
16. Name the environmental organization founded by Wangari Mathai. (1mk)
i. Green belt movement
17. State the main role of the Attorney General as the ex-official Member of Parliament. (1mk)
i. Advise parliament and the government on legal matters.
SECTION B (45MKS)
ANSWER THREE QUESTIONS FROM SECTION
18. a) State five results of the migration and settlement of Bantus in Kenya. (5mks)
i. Spread of iron working to other parts of Kenya.
ii. Led to increased population
iii. Led to increased inter community conflict.
iv. Trading activities intensified on Bantus exchanged their iron products with other
communities.
v. Led to the spread of agricultural practices in Kenya.
vi. Led to population redistribution e.g Dorobo moved to forested areas.
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vii.
viii.
ix.
Displacement of some communities was also realized e.g Abagusii displaced by the Luo,
cushites were displaced by Agikuyu in central Kenya.
Inter-marriages between the Bantu communities and other groups.
Exchange of knowledge and skills e.g many Bantus adopted the ageset system circumcision
from the southern cushites.
b) Describe the political organization of the Akamba during the pre-colonial period.
(10mks)
i. Practised a decentralized system of rule/council of elders.
ii. Homestead (Musyi) war the smallest political unit.
iii. Akamba had a territorial group comprised of several families called the clan.
iv. The elders were ranked according to seniority
Medium elders – Ntehe – helped in administrator
Full elders – Atumia ma kivalo – acted as judge
Senior elders – Atumia ma thembo - religion
v. Had age set system for defense purpose/security.
vi. Council of elders were also religious leaders.
19. a) State five factors that led Seyyid Said to transfer his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar.
(5mks)
i. The climate in Zanzibar was pleasant compared to Muscat which was hot and dry throughout
the year.
ii. The need to control the towns along the East African Coast more effectively.
iii. Zanzibar was a wide deep and well sheltered harbor in which ships could anchor.
iv. Zanzibar had fertile soils for the cultivation of cloves.
v. Zanzibar’s strategic position was convenient for trade with the mainland.
vi. Zanzibar had clean and sweet water for drinking.
b) Explain six effects of slave trade on the people of East Africa. (10mks)
i. Africans subjected to untold sufferings and misery during slave raids and trade.
ii. Depopulation of the interior of East Africa.
iii. Led to fear and suspicion among the people.
iv. Warfare increased due to slave raid.
v. Undermined traditional industries as those with such skills were taken as slaves.
vi. The use of slaves as porters promoted the trade in ivory and copper.
20. a) State three reasons for convening the 2 nd Lancaster House Conference. (3mks)
i. To draw independent constitution.
ii. To sort out the difference between KANU and KADU.
iii. To deal with the final touches of granting Kenya independence.
b) Explain six provisions of the independence constitution in Kenya. (12mks)
i. Provided the three arms of government namely; Judicial, Executive and Legislative.
ii. Regional type of government.
iii. Sharing power between KANU & KADU.
iv. Provide the post of governor General who was the head of state.
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v. National Assembly was bicameral.
vi. Prime minister was the head of government.
vii. Gave judiciary authority to interpret law.
viii. Parliamentary form of government.
ix. Provided a Bill of Rights which stipulated the rights and freedom of citizens.
x. Establishment of independent public services commission.
21. a) Give five reasons for the rise of independent churches and schools. (5mks)
i. Africans were unhappy with westernizing influence of Christian missionaries.
ii. Africans felt that mission education was inadequate.
iii. They were started by Africans who claimed to have received divine calling.
iv. Africans felt that the scriptures were not properly interpreted.
v. The mission churches did not accommodate traditional African expression of worship e.g.
dancing, singing and beating drums.
vi. Africans viewed missionaries as agents of colonization.
vii. Forum for African meeting.
b) Explain the role of women in the Mau Mau liberation movement in Kenya. (10mks)
i. Participated in the armed struggle.
ii. Coordinated rural networks to supply the provisions required.
iii. Acted on spies for the mau mau.
iv. Composed songs to mobilize people.
v. Participated in oathing ceremonies.
vi. Many women were imprisoned and detained.
vii. Were tortured by colonial agents.
SECTION C (30MKS)
ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS
22. a) Identify five values of a good citizen in Kenya. (5mks)
i. Respect for other people/their property.
ii. Obedience to the laws of the county.
iii. Participation in development projects.
iv. Participation in the democratic/elected process.
v. Being loyal/patriotic to one’s country.
vi. Practicing integrity/honest when performing duties.
vii. Reporting law breakers to the authorities.
viii. Efficient use of national resources.
b) Explain five peaceful methods of solving conflicts in Kenya. (10mks)
i. Negotiation – Conflicting parties resolve their disputes cordially.
ii. Mediation – a partial person helps the conflicting group parties to agree.
iii. Arbitration – use of a third party to solve a dispute e.g. an elder, religious leader.
iv. Litigation – filling of a lawsuit in a court of law.
v. Diplomacy – Holding of peace talks to resolve international conflicts.
vi. Use of force by international society i.e. peace keeping mission.
vii. Sanctions – economic or social, the affected nations is isolated in order to force it to
implement the decision made during conflict resolution conference.
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23. a) State three ways in which the judiciary ensures fairness in the administration of justice in Kenya.
(3mks)
i. The judicial service commission ensures that judges and magistrate discharge their duties
without interference.
ii. Suspected criminals are held innocent until proved guilty in a court of law- giving them a
chance to be heard by the courts.
iii. Persons found administering mob justice are liable to prosecution.
iv. Suspected criminals are entitled to legal representation through an advocate of the high
court.
v. Suspected criminals of serious crimes such as murder are guaranteed free government
services being represented by advocates.
vi. Persons not satisfied with the verdict are allowed to appeal to higher court.
b) Explain six factors that may undermine the administration of justice in Kenya. (12mks)
i. High incidents of crime cause delay in the hearing and finalizing of cases.
ii. Corrupt practices by some of the judiciary panel and police officers undermine fair
administration of justice.
iii. Political interference – Some suspected criminals may be freed on orders from about without
following the laid down procedures.
iv. Lack of awareness by the general public on their rights and legal procedures.
v. Inadequate personnel and equipment for detecting and investigating acts of crime this may
lead to inadequate evidence against acts of crime.
vi. Some of the laws are too colonial/foreign to be relevant to the Kenyan context.
vii. Unwillingness of some members of the public
24. a) State three reasons why general elections are held in Kenya every five years. (3mks)
i. It is a constitution requirement
ii. To enable Kenyans to have a new government.
iii. To enable Kenyans to elect leaders of their choice/confidence in.
iv. To enable Kenyans to remove the non-performing leaders.
v. To enable eligible Kenyans to exercise their democratic rights of voting i.e being elected.
b) Explain six circumstances which may lead to a by-election in Kenya. (12mks)
i. The death of a sitting member of parliament
ii. It the sitting member of parliament defects from the party that sponsored him/her to
parliament.
iii. If a member of parliament is jailed for a term exceeding 12 months/life imprisonment.
iv. Resignation of a sitting member of parliament.
v. If a member is declared bankrupt by a court of law.
vi. If a sitting member ceases to be a citizen of Kenya.
vii. If the election results are nullified b the High Court /election offence
viii. If the sitting member is elected the speaker of the National Assembly.
ix. If a member misses eight consecutive parliamentary sitting without permission and the
speaker declares the seat vacant.
x. If a member is sentenced to death.
xi. If a member is proved to be insane.
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