quick reference chart and notes for determining immigration - ILRC
quick reference chart and notes for determining immigration - ILRC
quick reference chart and notes for determining immigration - ILRC
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www.ilrc.org/criminal.php<br />
CALIFORNIA<br />
CODE<br />
SECTION<br />
Penal §§<br />
286(b), 288a,<br />
289<br />
OFFENSE<br />
AGGRAVATED<br />
FELONY<br />
Sexual See Advice.<br />
conduct with a Some behavior<br />
minor never is AF,<br />
some depends<br />
on ROC<br />
CRIME<br />
INVOLVING<br />
MORAL<br />
TURPITUDE--<br />
These findings<br />
are<br />
questionable<br />
CMT under<br />
Matter of Silva-<br />
Trevino, only if<br />
IJ finds D knew<br />
or should have<br />
known V was<br />
under-age<br />
OTHER<br />
DEPORTABLE,<br />
INADMISSIBLE<br />
GROUNDS<br />
Will be charged as<br />
crime of child<br />
abuse; imm<br />
counsel has<br />
defenses<br />
ADVICE AND COMMENTS<br />
Agg Felony. 286(b)(1), 288a(b)(1), <strong>and</strong><br />
289(h) (consensual conduct with D under<br />
age 18) have same consequences as<br />
261.5(c): they are never AF as sexual<br />
abuse of a minor. In contrast 286(b)(2),<br />
288a(b)(2), 289(i) are same as 261.5(d): can<br />
be AF if ROC shows that V was "younger"<br />
child (probably under 15, perhaps under 14)<br />
or that harm occurred. Test <strong>for</strong> crime of<br />
child abuse is harm; ID V as older<br />
teen/child in the ROC where possible, do<br />
not ID age if younger V. See Advice<br />
column <strong>for</strong> 288(a) <strong>for</strong> other possible pleas.<br />
Penal §288(a)<br />
Lewd act with<br />
child<br />
Yes AF as<br />
sexual abuse of<br />
a minor,<br />
regardless of<br />
sentence.<br />
Yes CMT<br />
Deportable under<br />
the DV ground <strong>for</strong><br />
child abuse<br />
This is an automatic AF, no physical contact<br />
is required. Consider PC 243.4 with less<br />
than 1-yr, 314, 136.1(b) (a strike), felony<br />
236 by deceit or fraud, all without age of<br />
victim in ROC if that is possible (to avoid<br />
child abuse charge <strong>and</strong> further CMT<br />
problems), 647.6(a) with clear record of<br />
conviction. See 286, 288a, 289 offenses<br />
without further defining age of the V in the<br />
ROC. See Notes "Sex Offenses" <strong>and</strong> "Safer<br />
Pleas."<br />
Penal §290<br />
Failure to<br />
register as a<br />
sex offender<br />
Not AF<br />
Will be charged<br />
as CMT, see<br />
Advice<br />
Can be charged Avoid the plea if possible. New deport<br />
with a new federal ground, at 8 USC §1227(a)(2)(A)(v), is<br />
offense, 18 USC based on conviction under 18 USC §2250<br />
2250, <strong>for</strong> failing to <strong>for</strong> failure to register as a sex offender under<br />
register as required state law. See Defending Immigrants in the<br />
under state law; Ninth Circuit, Chapter 6, § 6.22. Re CMT:<br />
will become there is a conflict between the Ninth Circuit<br />
deportable if (not CMT) <strong>and</strong> BIA (CMT) published<br />
convicted under opinions, but Ninth has said in general it will<br />
2250.<br />
defer on CMT issues to published BIA<br />
decisions, so it might reverse itself in future.<br />
Penal §314(1)<br />
Indecent<br />
exposure<br />
Not AF, even if V<br />
is a minor,<br />
because this is<br />
age-neutral<br />
offense -- but to<br />
avoid confusion,<br />
keep age of a<br />
minor victim out<br />
of ROC).<br />
See Advice;<br />
conservatively<br />
assume it is<br />
CMT.<br />
Keep any<br />
<strong>reference</strong> to minor<br />
V out of ROC to<br />
avoid charge of<br />
child abuse<br />
Ninth Circuit held this is not categorically<br />
CMT; see Ocegueda-Nunez v. Holder (9th<br />
Cir. 2/10/2010) but there still is risk of<br />
exp<strong>and</strong>ed Silva-Trevino inquiry into CMT.<br />
See disturb peace, trespass, loiter. If the<br />
victim was a minor, keep evidence of age<br />
out of the ROC or ICE will charge it as a<br />
crime of child abuse. Despite exposure to<br />
CMT (or if minor's age is in ROC, to a DV<br />
charge), this is useful to avoid agg felony<br />
offenses such as 288(a).<br />
AF = Aggravated Felony<br />
COV = Crime of Violence<br />
CMT = Crime Involving Moral Turpitude<br />
CS = Controlled Substance<br />
DV = Domestic Violence<br />
ROC = Record of Conviction