Which Alice?

ALICE IN PUZZLE-LAND
"I'm really not quite sure," she replied. "Did he or didn't he?"
"I'd says he didn't," replied the Gryphon, "only others say
different, they does!"
"Just what is their argument?" asked Alice.
"They says that because George walked completely around the
organ, and the monkey was on top of the organ the whole time,
then George's path completely encircled the monkey, therefore
George must have walked around him. But I says different—I says
if George had walked around the monkey, he would have seen the
monkey's back. Did he see the monkey's back? No! Therefore
George couldn't have walked around him nohow!"
"That's very interesting!" said Alice. "In a way I can see both
points of view, and I'm not sure which one I find more convincing."
"Well, here's another," said the Gryphon.
"There was this here American dealer who sold used gadgets. A
customer bought a used gadget from him for ten dollars. Soon after
he bought it, the customer decided he didn't like it, so he sold it
back to the dealer for eight dollars. Then comes along another
customer and buys it from the dealer for nine dollars. How much
profit did the dealer make?"
Alice thought about this for a while.
"Now, I gets three different answers from three different types of
peoples," said the Gryphon, chuckling. "The first type tells me that
the dealer made two dollars from the first customer, because he sold
it to him for ten dollars and bought it back for eight dollars. But
then having bought it back for eight dollars and having sold it to the
second one for nine dollars, he makes another dollar. So altogether
he makes three dollars on the deal.
"The second type tells me that to begin with, the gadget is worth
ten dollars. Then, like the first type, he says the dealer makes two
dollars off the first customer. But he then sells a ten-dollar article to
the second customer for only nine dollars, so he loses one of the two
dollars he had gained. So his net gain is one dollar.
"Then there's the third type, who, like the other two, tells me that
the dealer made two dollars from the first customer. But when he
sells the gadget to the second one for nine dollars, he has merely
exchanged it for the nine dollars it is worth, so makes neither profit
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