Which Alice?
Which Alice?
Which Alice?
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13<br />
The Red King's Theory<br />
"Right about what?" asked the King. "I never really had this<br />
conversation with Humpty Dumpty; I only dreamed that I did!"<br />
"I didn't mean the real Humpty Dumpty," replied <strong>Alice</strong>. "I meant<br />
the Humpty Dumpty you dreamed about. It was he who was right!"<br />
"Now, just a minute!" said the King, "what are you trying to tell<br />
me—that there are two Humpty Dumptys, one the real one and the<br />
other the one I dreamed about?"<br />
<strong>Alice</strong> did not quite know what to say to this.<br />
"Anyway," said the King, "in the meantime, 1 have thought of a<br />
much better argument proving that I am awake—this argument<br />
couldn't possibly be wrong; it must be right!"<br />
"Now, that I should like to hear!" said <strong>Alice</strong>.<br />
"Well," said the King, "to begin with, I hold the theory that<br />
everyone in the world is of one of two types: Type A or Type B.<br />
Those of Type A are totally accurate in their beliefs while they are<br />
awake, but totally inaccurate while they are asleep. Everything they<br />
believe while they are awake is true, but everything they believe<br />
while they are asleep is false. People of Type B are the reverse:<br />
Everything they believe while they are asleep is true, and everything<br />
they believe while awake is false."<br />
"What an extraordinary theory!" said <strong>Alice</strong>. "But what proof do<br />
you have that it is correct?"<br />
"Oh, I will later prove to you beyond any reasonable doubt that it<br />
is correct, but for the time being, I want you to realize some of the<br />
consequences of the theory. To begin with, the following two<br />
propositions follow immediately:<br />
"Proposition One—If, at a given time, a person believes he is awake,<br />
then he must be of Type A.<br />
"Proposition Two—If, at a given time, a person believes he is of<br />
Type A, then he must be awake at that time."<br />
The King then proved these two propositions to <strong>Alice</strong>'s satisfaction;<br />
at least <strong>Alice</strong> could find no flaw in the arguments.<br />
A QUESTION Do Propositions 1 and 2 really follow from the<br />
Red King's theory?