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Which Alice?

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ALICE IN PUZZLE-LAND<br />

told the truth. This information was not enough to enable me to<br />

deduce who was guilty. Then the Jabberwocky told me who the<br />

third defendant accused, and I could then determine who was<br />

guilty. But I no longer remember whether the third one lied or told<br />

the truth, nor do I remember whom he accused." Who was guilty<br />

this time?<br />

ANOTHER CASE "There was one trial at which I was present<br />

and the Jabberwocky absent," said the White Knight. "Again there<br />

were three defendants, and only one was guilty. The first defendant<br />

was asked whether he was guilty, and he answered yes or no, but I<br />

can't remember which. Then the second defendant was asked<br />

whether he was guilty, and he answered yes or no, but again I can't<br />

remember which. Then the third defendant was asked whether the<br />

first defendant was innocent or guilty, and he either said the first<br />

defendant was innocent, or he said the first defendant was guilty,<br />

but I no longer remember which it was. Do you have any idea yet<br />

who was guilty?"<br />

"Of course not!" replied <strong>Alice</strong>.<br />

"I figured not," said the Knight. "However, I also remember<br />

something else: I don't remember which ones told the truth and<br />

which ones lied, but I do remember that at least one of them told<br />

the truth and at least one of them lied. Now can you figure out who<br />

was guilty?"<br />

"Surely not!" replied <strong>Alice</strong>.<br />

"I figured not," said the White Knight, "but if it will help you any,<br />

let me tell you that last week I met the Jabberwocky, who asked me<br />

about the trial. At that time I still remembered what each defendant<br />

had said, and I told the Jabberwocky what each one had said. I also<br />

told the Jabberwocky that at least one of the three statements was<br />

true and that at least one was false. The Jabberwocky was then able<br />

to figure out who was guilty."<br />

At this point <strong>Alice</strong>—and also you—have enough information to<br />

solve the case.<br />

Who was guilty?<br />

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