Comprehensive Water System Plan - City of Duvall
Comprehensive Water System Plan - City of Duvall
Comprehensive Water System Plan - City of Duvall
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<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong><br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
November 2004<br />
Mayor<br />
Becky Nixon<br />
<strong>City</strong> Council<br />
Tom Loutsis<br />
Jeffrey Possinger<br />
Will Ibersh<strong>of</strong><br />
Steve Hotchkiss<br />
Pat Fullmer<br />
Heather Page<br />
Greg Von Tobel<br />
Director <strong>of</strong> Public Works/<strong>City</strong> Engineer<br />
Steve Schuller, P.E.<br />
Associate <strong>City</strong> Engineer<br />
Steven Leniszewski, P.E.<br />
Prepared by:<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
RH2 Engineering, Inc.<br />
15535 Main Street NE 12100 NE 195th Street, Suite 100<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong>, WA 98019 Bothell, WA 98011<br />
Contact: Steven Leniszewski, P.E. Contact: Thomas C. Lindberg, P.E.<br />
425.788.3434 425.951.5318<br />
Financial Subconsultant<br />
FCS Group, Inc.<br />
Contact: Karyn Johnson<br />
425.867.1802<br />
Printed on Recycled Paper
Certification<br />
This <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> for the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> was prepared under the<br />
direction <strong>of</strong> the following registered pr<strong>of</strong>essional engineers.<br />
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STGNED:<br />
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EXPIRES 8/2/04<br />
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Thomas C. Lindberg, P.E.<br />
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<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Table <strong>of</strong> Contents<br />
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY<br />
Purpose <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Plan</strong>.............................................................................................................................................ES-1<br />
Changes Since The Last <strong>Plan</strong> Update...............................................................................................................ES-1<br />
Summary <strong>of</strong> Key Elements <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Plan</strong>...............................................................................................................ES-2<br />
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Ownership and Management.....................................................................................................1<br />
Overview <strong>of</strong> Existing <strong>System</strong> ..............................................................................................................................1<br />
Authorization and Purpose..................................................................................................................................2<br />
Summary <strong>of</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> Contents.................................................................................................................................3<br />
Definition <strong>of</strong> Terms ..............................................................................................................................................4<br />
List <strong>of</strong> Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................6<br />
CHAPTER 2 – WATER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION<br />
Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................1<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Service Area .............................................................................................................................................1<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Service Agreements.................................................................................................................................2<br />
Satellite <strong>System</strong> Management............................................................................................................................2<br />
Existing <strong>Water</strong> Facilities ......................................................................................................................................3<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Operation.....................................................................................................................................11<br />
Adjacent <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong>s.....................................................................................................................................12<br />
CHAPTER 3 – LAND USE AND POPULATION<br />
Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................1<br />
Compatibility With Other <strong>Plan</strong>s ...........................................................................................................................1<br />
Land Use..............................................................................................................................................................4<br />
Population............................................................................................................................................................4<br />
CHAPTER 4 – WATER DEMANDS<br />
Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................1<br />
Current Population and Service Connections....................................................................................................2<br />
Existing <strong>Water</strong> Demands ....................................................................................................................................2<br />
Future <strong>Water</strong> Demands.......................................................................................................................................15<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Use Data Collection..................................................................................................................................18<br />
CHAPTER 5 – POLICIES AND DESIGN CRITERIA<br />
Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................1<br />
Supply Policies ....................................................................................................................................................2<br />
Customer Service Policies..................................................................................................................................3<br />
Facility Policies ....................................................................................................................................................5<br />
Financial Policies.................................................................................................................................................11<br />
Organizational Policies........................................................................................................................................13<br />
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<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Table <strong>of</strong> Contents<br />
CHAPTER 6 – WATER SOURCE AND QUALITY<br />
Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................1<br />
Existing <strong>Water</strong> Sources.......................................................................................................................................1<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Rights........................................................................................................................................................4<br />
Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Regulations ................................................................................................................................6<br />
Source <strong>Water</strong> Quality and Treatment.................................................................................................................15<br />
Distribution <strong>System</strong> <strong>Water</strong> Quality......................................................................................................................20<br />
<strong>Plan</strong>ning <strong>of</strong> Future <strong>Water</strong> Supplies.....................................................................................................................23<br />
CHAPTER 7 – WATER SYSTEM ANALYSIS<br />
Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................1<br />
Pressure Zones ...................................................................................................................................................1<br />
Supply Facilities...................................................................................................................................................2<br />
615 Zone Booster Pump Station ........................................................................................................................4<br />
Storage Facilities .................................................................................................................................................6<br />
Distribution and Transmission <strong>System</strong>...............................................................................................................9<br />
Pressure Reducing Stations ...............................................................................................................................15<br />
Telemetry and Supervisory Control <strong>System</strong> ......................................................................................................15<br />
<strong>System</strong> Capacity..................................................................................................................................................16<br />
CHAPTER 8 – OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE<br />
Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................1<br />
Normal Operations ..............................................................................................................................................1<br />
Emergency Operations .......................................................................................................................................10<br />
Preventive Maintenance .....................................................................................................................................12<br />
Staffing .................................................................................................................................................................15<br />
Operations and Maintenance Improvements.....................................................................................................16<br />
CHAPTER 9 – WATER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS<br />
Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................1<br />
Description <strong>of</strong> Improvements ..............................................................................................................................1<br />
Estimating Costs <strong>of</strong> Improvements.....................................................................................................................10<br />
Prioritizing Improvements....................................................................................................................................11<br />
Schedule <strong>of</strong> Improvements .................................................................................................................................14<br />
CHAPTER 10 - FINANCIAL PROGRAM<br />
Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................1<br />
Historical Financial Performance........................................................................................................................1<br />
Capital Funding Options......................................................................................................................................4<br />
Projection <strong>of</strong> Financual Performance .................................................................................................................7<br />
Capital Funding Strategy.....................................................................................................................................8<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Operations ................................................................................................................................................10<br />
Revenue Requirements ......................................................................................................................................11<br />
Rate Assessment ................................................................................................................................................13<br />
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ii
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Table <strong>of</strong> Contents<br />
TABLES<br />
Table 1-1 <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Ownership Information ...........................................................................................1-1<br />
Table 1-2 2002 <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Data................................................................................................................1-2<br />
Table 1-3 Abbreviations....................................................................................................................................1-6<br />
Table 2-1 <strong>Water</strong> Main Diameter Inventory......................................................................................................2-9<br />
Table 2-2 Seattle Contractual Minimum Supply Heads .................................................................................2-12<br />
Table 3-1 Population Trends ..........................................................................................................................3-5<br />
Table 3-2 Population Projections ...................................................................................................................3-6<br />
Table 4-1 Average Annual Metered Consumption and Service Connections ..............................................4-3<br />
Table 4-2 2002 Largest <strong>Water</strong> Users..............................................................................................................4-5<br />
Table 4-3 Historical Supply and Per Captial Demands..................................................................................4-6<br />
Table 4-4 2002 Demands by Pressure Zone .................................................................................................4-7<br />
Table 4-5 Demands by supply Facility............................................................................................................4-8<br />
Table 4-6 Unaccounted-for-<strong>Water</strong> ..................................................................................................................4-9<br />
Table 4-7 Unaccounted-for-<strong>Water</strong> Breakdown...............................................................................................4-10<br />
Table 4-8 Equivalent Residential Units (ERU’s).............................................................................................4-11<br />
Table 4-9 Peak Day Demands and Peaking Factors.....................................................................................4-14<br />
Table 4-10 General Fire Flow Requirements ...................................................................................................4-15<br />
Table 4-11 Future <strong>Water</strong> Demand Projections.................................................................................................4-16<br />
Table 4-12 Future ERU Projections ..................................................................................................................4-17<br />
Table 6-1 SPU Contractual Minimum Supply Heads.....................................................................................6-1<br />
Table 6-2 2002 Source <strong>Water</strong> Quality – Primary Standards .........................................................................6-17<br />
Table 6-3 2002 Source <strong>Water</strong> Quality – Secondary Standards ....................................................................6-18<br />
Table 6-4 2002 Source <strong>Water</strong> Quality – Non Regulated Parameters...........................................................6-19<br />
Table 7-1 Minimum and Maximum Deistribution <strong>System</strong> Pressures ............................................................7-2<br />
Table 7-2 <strong>Water</strong> Supply Evaluation.................................................................................................................7-3<br />
Table 7-3 615 Zone Booster Pump Station Supply Evaluation .....................................................................7-5<br />
Table 7-4 Existing Storage Evaluation............................................................................................................7-8<br />
Table 7-5 Future Storage Evaluation ..............................................................................................................7-9<br />
Table 7-6 Pressure Analysis Summary ..........................................................................................................7-12<br />
Table 7-7 Hydraulic Analysis Summary..........................................................................................................7-13<br />
Table 7-8 Existing <strong>System</strong> Capacity Analysis ................................................................................................7-17<br />
Table 7-9 6-Year Projected <strong>System</strong> Capacity Analysis .................................................................................7-18<br />
Table 7-10 20-Year Projected <strong>System</strong> Capacity Analysis (Average Projection) ............................................7-19<br />
Table 7-11 20-Year Projected <strong>System</strong> Capacity Analysis (Maximun Projection)...........................................7-20<br />
Table 8-1 Organization Chart..........................................................................................................................8-2<br />
Table 8-2 Personnel Certification....................................................................................................................8-2<br />
Table 8-3 Equipment and Supplies.................................................................................................................8-4<br />
Table 8-4 Staffing Requirements ....................................................................................................................8-17<br />
Table 9-1 <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Improvements Completed Since 1994 ..................................................................9-2<br />
Table 9-2 <strong>Water</strong> Main Unit Costs....................................................................................................................9-10<br />
Table 9-3 <strong>Water</strong> Main Improvements Priority Ranking Criteria .....................................................................9-12<br />
Table 9-4 Prioritized Annual <strong>Water</strong> Main Replacement Projects ..................................................................9-13<br />
Table 9-5 Proposed Improvements Implementation Schedule .....................................................................9-15<br />
Table 10-1 Historical Performance – Operating Fund ....................................................................................10-2<br />
Table 10-2 Historical Performance – <strong>Water</strong> Improvement Captial Fund ........................................................10-3<br />
Table 10-3 General Facilities Charge ...............................................................................................................10-7<br />
Table 10-4 Capital Financing <strong>Plan</strong> (Inflated $$) ...............................................................................................10-9<br />
Table 10-5 Operating and Maintenance Expenses..........................................................................................10-10<br />
Table 10-6 Revenue Requirements.................................................................................................................10-12<br />
Table 10-7 Schedule <strong>of</strong> Residential Rates .......................................................................................................10-14<br />
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iii
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Table <strong>of</strong> Contents<br />
CHARTS<br />
Chart 4-1 2002 <strong>Water</strong> Connections by Customer Class .................................................................................4-4<br />
Chart 4-2 2002 <strong>Water</strong> Consumption by Customer Class ................................................................................4-4<br />
Chart 4-3 Future <strong>Water</strong> Demand and ERU Projections...................................................................................4-18<br />
FIGURES<br />
Figure 2-1 Existing <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong><br />
Figure 2-2 Existing <strong>System</strong> Hydraulic Pr<strong>of</strong>ile<br />
Figure 2-3 Service Area and Adjacent <strong>System</strong>s<br />
Figure 3-1 Zoning Map<br />
Figure 6-1 SPU’s Regional <strong>Water</strong> Supply <strong>System</strong><br />
Figure 9-1 Proposed <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Improvements<br />
Figure 9-2 Proposed Improvements Hydraulic Pr<strong>of</strong>ile<br />
Figure J-1 Wellhead Protection Areas<br />
Figure L-1 Coliform Monitoring <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Figure N-1 Hydraulic Model Node Diagram<br />
APPENDICES<br />
Appendix A – SEPA Checklist<br />
Appendix B – <strong>Water</strong> Service Area Agreements<br />
Appendix C – <strong>Water</strong> Purveyor Contract<br />
Appendix D – <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Facilities Data<br />
Appendix E – <strong>Water</strong> Facilities Inventory (WFI) Form<br />
Appendix F – <strong>Water</strong> Conservation <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Appendix G – Cross Connection Control Program<br />
Appendix H – <strong>Water</strong> Shortage Response <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Appendix I – <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Construction Standards<br />
Appendix J – Wellhead Protection Program<br />
Appendix K – <strong>Water</strong> Right Certificate and Self-Assessment Forms<br />
Appendix L – <strong>Water</strong> Quality Monitoring <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Appendix M – Consumer Confidence Report<br />
Appendix N – Hydraulic Model Node Diagram<br />
Appendix O – Emergency Response <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Appendix P – <strong>Water</strong> Ordinances<br />
Appendix Q – Consistency Statement Checklist<br />
Appendix R – Agency Review Comments<br />
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iv
Executive Summary<br />
PURPOSE OF THE PLAN<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> (<strong>City</strong>) water system is a major infrastructure, much <strong>of</strong> which is invisible to<br />
the people that receive water from it. The water system requires qualified personnel to manage,<br />
operate, and maintain it and an ongoing capital improvement program to replace old components<br />
to meet the requirements mandated by federal and state laws and the expectations <strong>of</strong> its<br />
customers. The primary purpose <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> is to<br />
identify and schedule water system improvements that correct existing system deficiencies and<br />
provide a safe and reliable supply <strong>of</strong> water to current and future customers. This <strong>Plan</strong> complies<br />
with Washington State Department <strong>of</strong> Health (DOH) regulations under WAC 246-290-100,<br />
which requires water purveyors to update their water system plans every six years.<br />
CHANGES SINCE THE LAST PLAN UPDATE<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s last <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> was approved by DOH in 1995. Many<br />
changes have occurred since the last update that affect water system planning for <strong>Duvall</strong>:<br />
• The Safe Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Act, which sets standards and monitoring requirements for water<br />
quality, was amended and re-authorized in 1996.<br />
• The Washington State Department <strong>of</strong> Health published the <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>ning<br />
Handbook in April <strong>of</strong> 1997, which included an extensive list <strong>of</strong> requirements for water<br />
system plans.<br />
• The Washington State Department <strong>of</strong> Health published updated drinking water regulations in<br />
April <strong>of</strong> 1999. The revisions address lead and copper monitoring, wellhead protection, and<br />
cross connection control, all <strong>of</strong> which affect the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>.<br />
• Puget Sound's wild chinook salmon and bull trout were listed as a threatened species under<br />
the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1999.<br />
• In response to the events <strong>of</strong> September 11, 2001, the United States Congress passed the<br />
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act <strong>of</strong> 2002 (H.R.<br />
3448), which became effective June 12, 2002 and requires all public water systems serving a<br />
population <strong>of</strong> over 3,300 persons to prepare a water system Vulnerability Assessment <strong>Plan</strong><br />
and update or prepare an Emergency Response <strong>Plan</strong>.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN ES-1 DUV\102-081\PLAN\ExecutiveSummary (12/29/04 11:48 AM)
Executive Summary<br />
• The 2003 Municipal <strong>Water</strong> Law (HB1338), which became effective September 9, 2003,<br />
identifies additional elements related to water rights, system capacity, service area<br />
consistency, and conservation that are required in all water system plans.<br />
SUMMARY OF KEY ELEMENTS<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> presents a description <strong>of</strong> the existing water<br />
system and service area, forecast <strong>of</strong> future water demands, policies and design criteria for water<br />
system operation and improvements, water system analyses, the operations and maintenance<br />
program, a schedule <strong>of</strong> improvements, and a financial plan to accomplish the improvements.<br />
The <strong>Plan</strong> also includes several ancillary elements, which include a water conservation plan,<br />
cross-connection control plan, water quality monitoring plan, wellhead protection plan, and<br />
emergency response plan. A summary <strong>of</strong> the key issues related to these elements is provided in<br />
the following sections.<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Service Area<br />
The <strong>City</strong> provides water service to approximately 1,954 customer accounts throughout its water<br />
service area for a population <strong>of</strong> approximately 5,190 people in 2002. The water service area<br />
boundary is not expected to change and is the same as the planning area boundary for the<br />
purpose <strong>of</strong> this <strong>Plan</strong>. The <strong>City</strong> provides water service to mostly single family residents, which<br />
make up approximately 94 percent <strong>of</strong> all accounts and use approximately 80 percent <strong>of</strong> all water<br />
supplied.<br />
Single Family<br />
94%<br />
Single Family<br />
80%<br />
Government<br />
Education<br />
1%<br />
Multi-Family<br />
2% Government<br />
Education<br />
3%<br />
Multi-Family<br />
4%<br />
Commercial<br />
Industrial<br />
3%<br />
Commercial<br />
Industrial<br />
13%<br />
2002 <strong>Water</strong> Connections<br />
2002 <strong>Water</strong> Consumption<br />
Past <strong>Water</strong> Usage and Conservation<br />
Total system-wide water usage has increased approximately 40 percent from 1995 to 2002,<br />
primarily due to additional customers added to the system from growth. During this same time<br />
period, the average amount <strong>of</strong> water demand per person has decreased from approximately 99<br />
gallons per day in 1995 to approximately 80 gallons per day in 2002. This trend <strong>of</strong> decreasing<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\ExecutiveSummary (12/29/04 11:48 AM) ES-2 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Executive Summary<br />
water demand on a per capita basis is likely the result <strong>of</strong> water conservation practices and an<br />
increase in the number <strong>of</strong> homes with water efficient plumbing. The <strong>City</strong>’s 1995 - 2002 average<br />
per capita demand <strong>of</strong> 92 gallons per day and average demand per equivalent residential unit <strong>of</strong><br />
228 gallons per day are slightly less than the average for the Puget Sound area. The <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
average amount <strong>of</strong> unaccounted-for water from 1995 to 2002 was 8.3 percent, which is below the<br />
industry average <strong>of</strong> 15 to 20 percent. The <strong>City</strong>’s <strong>Water</strong> Conservation <strong>Plan</strong> identifies a water use<br />
reduction goal <strong>of</strong> one percent per year through the year 2010, which is consistent with the Seattle<br />
Public Utilities regional water conservation goal.<br />
1,800<br />
10,000<br />
Peak Day Demand (gpm)<br />
1,600<br />
1,400<br />
1,200<br />
1,000<br />
800<br />
600<br />
400<br />
200<br />
0<br />
1997<br />
1998<br />
Existing - 2002<br />
1999<br />
2000<br />
2001<br />
2002<br />
2003<br />
2004<br />
2005<br />
2006<br />
2007<br />
2008<br />
2009<br />
Maximum Peak Day Demand without Conservation<br />
Maximum Peak Day Demand with Conservation<br />
Maximum Equivalent Residential Units<br />
+ 6 years - 2008<br />
2010<br />
Year<br />
+ 20 years - 2022<br />
2011<br />
2012<br />
2013<br />
2014<br />
2015<br />
2016<br />
2017<br />
2018<br />
2019<br />
2020<br />
2021<br />
2022<br />
Average Peak Day Demand without Conservation<br />
Average Peak Day Demand with Conservation<br />
Average Equivalent Residential Units<br />
9,000<br />
8,000<br />
7,000<br />
6,000<br />
5,000<br />
4,000<br />
3,000<br />
2,000<br />
1,000<br />
0<br />
Equivalent Residential Units (ERU's)<br />
Past and Future <strong>Water</strong> Demands and ERU’s<br />
Future <strong>Water</strong> Demands and <strong>Water</strong> Supply<br />
Overall water demand within the <strong>City</strong>’s system is estimated to increase between approximately<br />
48 and 58 percent within the next six years and between approximately 89 and 177 percent<br />
within the next 20 years, depending on the amount <strong>of</strong> future water use reductions from the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
conservation program and the rate at which growth actually occurs in the system. The <strong>City</strong> has<br />
sufficient water supply from its two existing Tolt Pipeline connections to meet the demand<br />
requirements <strong>of</strong> the system through the 20-year planning period.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN ES-3 DUV\102-081\PLAN\ExecutiveSummary (12/29/04 11:48 AM)
Executive Summary<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Source and Quality<br />
The <strong>City</strong> receives its water from Seattle Public Utilities (SPU) under the terms <strong>of</strong> the 1981 <strong>Water</strong><br />
Purveyor Contract, which will expire at the end <strong>of</strong> 2011, but can be extended in 15-year<br />
increments. <strong>Water</strong> that the <strong>City</strong> receives from SPU is from the Tolt River source, which is<br />
located approximately 15 miles east <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> relies on the personnel and procedures <strong>of</strong> SPU to provide a reliable and high quality<br />
supply <strong>of</strong> water to the <strong>City</strong>’s system. SPU is responsible for the quality <strong>of</strong> the water from the<br />
source to the <strong>City</strong>’s two metered supply connections. The <strong>City</strong> is responsible for water quality<br />
within its water service area boundary. The <strong>City</strong> monitors water quality in its system, but does<br />
not provide water treatment; all water treatment is provided by SPU. Source water quality has<br />
been good in the past, but not without some problems related to SPU’s regional water system.<br />
SPU completed construction <strong>of</strong> a new water treatment plant in 2000 that should increase the<br />
reliability and quality <strong>of</strong> water supplied from the Tolt River source.<br />
Operations and Maintenance<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s operations and maintenance organization is staffed by well-qualified, technically<br />
trained personnel. <strong>City</strong> staff regularly participates in safety and training programs to keep<br />
abreast <strong>of</strong> the latest changes in the water industry and to ensure a smooth and safe operation <strong>of</strong><br />
the water system. The current staff <strong>of</strong> supervisory and maintenance personnel have effectively<br />
operated and maintained the water system in the past. However, approximately one to two<br />
additional staff is necessary to fulfill the optimum preventive maintenance requirements <strong>of</strong> the<br />
water system. The <strong>City</strong> plans to add staff to properly maintain the system and to keep up with<br />
system growth as the budget allows.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> has taken several steps to prepare for emergency situations. The Emergency Response<br />
<strong>Plan</strong>, which was prepared as part <strong>of</strong> this <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>, provides<br />
information to prepare and assist the <strong>City</strong> in responding to emergency events. The <strong>City</strong> is also<br />
conducting a vulnerability assessment <strong>of</strong> its water system, which is scheduled for completion in<br />
June 2004. The <strong>City</strong>’s <strong>Water</strong> Shortage Response <strong>Plan</strong> identifies procedures for managing water<br />
demand during a water supply emergency or shortage situation. <strong>Water</strong> system improvements<br />
completed by the <strong>City</strong> over the last several years and proposed improvements identified in this<br />
<strong>Plan</strong> will reduce the vulnerability <strong>of</strong> the water system during emergency situations.<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Evaluation<br />
The existing water system was evaluated to determine its ability to meet the policies and design<br />
criteria <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> and those mandated by the Department <strong>of</strong> Health. The results <strong>of</strong> the<br />
evaluation are summarized below:<br />
• The <strong>City</strong>’s existing reservoirs and Tolt supply stations have adequate capacity for the next 20<br />
years.<br />
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Executive Summary<br />
• Improvements to the Big Rock Road 2.2 MG Reservoir are necessary to improve water<br />
quality in the reservoir and to make more storage available to the system.<br />
• The Crestview Estates 0.5 MG Reservoir needs to be recoated within the next six years.<br />
Prior to recoating, a seismic evaluation will be performed to determine the reservoir’s ability<br />
to withstand a seismic event and to identify required seismic improvements.<br />
• The 615 Zone Booster Pump Station has adequate capacity for the next six years, but will<br />
need improvements to increase its capacity before the end <strong>of</strong> the 20-year planning period.<br />
• The water system does not have pressure relief facilities to protect the system from overpressurization.<br />
• Several water mains, most <strong>of</strong> which are located in the older downtown area <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>, need<br />
to be replaced with new water mains to increase fire flows and resolve deficiencies related to<br />
undesirable pipe material and aging water main.<br />
• Several pressure reducing stations can be abandoned upon completion <strong>of</strong> proposed water<br />
main improvements, which will reduce future maintenance and improvement costs for these<br />
facilities.<br />
• Telemetry, operation and control improvements are necessary to simplify the operation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
water system and optimize control <strong>of</strong> the facilities with reduced operation costs.<br />
Proposed <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Improvements and Financing <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Improvements to the system are primarily necessary to resolve existing system deficiencies, but<br />
also to improve operations and accommodate future water customers. Improvements identified<br />
for the first six years <strong>of</strong> the capital improvement program (2005 - 2010) are estimated to cost<br />
approximately $3,594,000, which results in an average expenditure <strong>of</strong> approximately $599,000<br />
per year (in 2003 dollars). Improvements in the following six years (2011 – 2016) are estimated<br />
to cost approximately $2,566,000.<br />
The financial analysis is intended to illustrate the feasibility <strong>of</strong> funding the operation and<br />
maintenance and capital improvements planned for the water system for the next six years. The<br />
first six years <strong>of</strong> capital improvements can be funded from existing capital reserves, general<br />
facilities charge revenues, and revenue bonds. The <strong>City</strong> has updated the water system general<br />
facilities charge and plans to implement the new charge in 2005. Moderate rate increases will be<br />
necessary during the next six years to support the future costs <strong>of</strong> operations and maintenance and<br />
capital improvements. The rate increases are expected to average less than four percent per year<br />
from 2005 to 2010.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN ES-5 DUV\102-081\PLAN\ExecutiveSummary (12/29/04 11:48 AM)
Introduction<br />
1<br />
WATER SYSTEM OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> (<strong>City</strong>) is a municipal corporation that owns and operates a public water<br />
system within its corporate boundaries. <strong>Water</strong> system data on file at the Department <strong>of</strong> Health<br />
(DOH) for the <strong>City</strong> is shown below in Table 1-1.<br />
Table 1-1<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Ownership Information<br />
Information Type Description<br />
<strong>System</strong> Type Group A - Community - Public <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong><br />
<strong>System</strong> Name <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
County King<br />
DOH <strong>System</strong> ID Number 207508<br />
Owner Number 1625<br />
Address 15535 Main St. NE - P.O. Box 1300, <strong>Duvall</strong>, WA 98019<br />
Contact Mr. Steven Leniszewski, P.E., Associate <strong>City</strong> Engineer<br />
OVERVIEW OF EXISTING SYSTEM<br />
The <strong>City</strong> provided service to approximately 1,954 customer connections, or 2,280 equivalent<br />
residential units (ERU’s) in 2002, within the <strong>City</strong>’s water service area, which extends beyond the<br />
city limits. The city limits comprise an area <strong>of</strong> approximately 2.3 square miles and the water<br />
service area is approximately 6.6 square miles. However, most <strong>of</strong> the water service area is<br />
undeveloped at this time. The 2002 population within the city limits was 5,190.<br />
All water supply to the <strong>City</strong> is provided by Seattle Public Utilities (SPU) through its Tolt supply<br />
pipeline at two supply stations. <strong>Water</strong> supply from SPU is both fluoridated and chlorinated.<br />
<strong>Water</strong> storage is provided by two reservoirs that have a total maximum capacity <strong>of</strong> 2.7 million<br />
gallons (MG). In addition, the <strong>City</strong>’s water system has five pressure zones with 19 pressure<br />
reducing stations, one closed zone booster pump station, and almost 36 miles <strong>of</strong> water main. A<br />
summary <strong>of</strong> 2002 water system data for the <strong>City</strong>’s system is shown in Table 1-2:<br />
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CHAPTER 1<br />
Table 1-2<br />
2002 <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Data<br />
Description<br />
Data<br />
Population 5,190<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Service Area<br />
6.6 square miles<br />
Total Connections 1,954<br />
Total ERU's 2,280<br />
Demand per ERU (1995 - 2002 Average)<br />
228 gallons per day<br />
Demand per Capita (1995 - 2002 Average) 92 gallons per day<br />
Annual Supply<br />
151,798,372 gallons<br />
Average Day Demand<br />
289 gpm<br />
Unaccounted-for <strong>Water</strong> (1995 - 2002 Average) 8.3%<br />
Peak Day/Average Day Demand Factor 1 2.20<br />
Peak Hour/Peak Day Demand Factor 1 1.80<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> Pressure Zones 5<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> Supply Stations & Total Capacity 2 (2,960 gpm)<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> Pump Stations & Total Capacity 1 (2,000 gpm)<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> Reservoirs & Total Capacity<br />
2 (2.7 MG)<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> Pressure Reducing Stations 19<br />
Total Length <strong>of</strong> <strong>Water</strong> Main<br />
36 miles<br />
1 = Sufficient data unavailable, typical value assumed.<br />
AUTHORIZATION AND PURPOSE<br />
In July 2002, the <strong>City</strong> authorized RH2 Engineering to prepare a comprehensive water system<br />
plan as required by state law under WAC 246-290-100. In accordance with WAC 246-290-100,<br />
the plan shall be updated and submitted to the State Department <strong>of</strong> Health every six years. The<br />
previous comprehensive water system plan was prepared for the <strong>City</strong> in 1994 and approved by<br />
DOH in March 1995. The purpose <strong>of</strong> this updated comprehensive water system plan is as<br />
follows:<br />
• To evaluate recent water demand data and project future water demands.<br />
• To analyze the existing water system to determine if it meets minimum requirements<br />
mandated by DOH and the <strong>City</strong>’s own policies and design criteria.<br />
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Introduction<br />
• To identify water system improvements which resolve existing system deficiencies and<br />
accommodate future needs <strong>of</strong> the system for at least 20 years into the future.<br />
• To prepare an implementation schedule <strong>of</strong> improvements and financing plan that meets<br />
the goals <strong>of</strong> the financial program.<br />
• To evaluate past water quality and identify water quality improvements.<br />
• To document the operations and maintenance program.<br />
• To prepare conservation, emergency response, wellhead protection and cross connection<br />
control plans.<br />
• To comply with all other water system plan requirements <strong>of</strong> DOH.<br />
SUMMARY OF PLAN CONTENTS<br />
A brief summary <strong>of</strong> the content <strong>of</strong> the chapters in the plan is as follows:<br />
• Executive Summary: Provides a brief summary <strong>of</strong> the key elements <strong>of</strong> this plan.<br />
• Chapter 1 - Introduction: Introduces the reader to the <strong>Duvall</strong> water system, the objectives<br />
<strong>of</strong> the plan, and the plan organization.<br />
• Chapter 2 - <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Description: Presents the water service area, describes the<br />
existing water system, and identifies the adjacent water purveyors.<br />
• Chapter 3 - Land Use and Population: Presents related plans, land use, and population<br />
characteristics.<br />
• Chapter 4 - <strong>Water</strong> Demands: Identifies existing water demands and projected future<br />
demands.<br />
• Chapter 5 - Policies and Design Criteria: Presents the <strong>City</strong>’s operational policies and<br />
design criteria.<br />
• Chapter 6 - <strong>Water</strong> Source and Quality: Discusses the <strong>City</strong>’s water source and water<br />
quality monitoring program.<br />
• Chapter 7 - <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Analysis: Discusses the water system analyses and existing<br />
system deficiencies.<br />
• Chapter 8 - Operations and Maintenance: Discusses the <strong>City</strong>’s operations and<br />
maintenance program.<br />
• Chapter 9 - <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Improvements: Presents the proposed water system<br />
improvements, their estimated costs, and implementation schedule.<br />
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CHAPTER 1<br />
• Chapter 10 - Financial Program: Summarizes the financial status <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> and presents a<br />
program for funding the water system improvements.<br />
• Appendices: Contain additional information and plans that supplement the main chapters <strong>of</strong><br />
the plan.<br />
DEFINITION OF TERMS<br />
The following terms are used throughout this plan:<br />
General Facilities Charge: A one-time fee paid by a property owner when connecting to the<br />
water system. This fee pays for the new customers’ equitable share <strong>of</strong> the cost <strong>of</strong> the existing<br />
system. This fee <strong>of</strong>fsets the costs <strong>of</strong> providing water to new customers and recognizes that the<br />
existing water system was largely built and paid for by the existing customers.<br />
Consumption: The true volume <strong>of</strong> water used by the water system’s customers. The volume is<br />
measured at each customer's connection to the distribution system.<br />
Connection Charge: A one-time fee paid by a property owner when connecting to the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
system and is made up <strong>of</strong> both the General Facilities Charge and Meter Installation Charge.<br />
Cross-Connection: A physical arrangement that connects a public water system, directly or<br />
indirectly, with anything other than another potable water system and, therefore, presents the<br />
potential for contaminating the public water system.<br />
Demand: The quantity <strong>of</strong> water required from a water supply source over a period <strong>of</strong> time<br />
necessary to meet the needs <strong>of</strong> domestic, commercial, industrial, and public uses, and to provide<br />
enough water to supply fire fighting, system losses, and miscellaneous water uses. Demands are<br />
normally discussed in terms <strong>of</strong> flow rate, such as million gallons per day (mgd) or gallons per<br />
minute (gpm), and are described in terms <strong>of</strong> a volume <strong>of</strong> water delivered during a certain time<br />
period. Flow rates pertinent to the analysis and design <strong>of</strong> water systems are:<br />
• Average Day Demand (ADD): The total amount <strong>of</strong> water delivered to the system in a<br />
year divided by the number <strong>of</strong> days in the year.<br />
• Peak Day Demand (PDD): The maximum amount <strong>of</strong> water delivered to the system<br />
during a 24 hour time period <strong>of</strong> a given year.<br />
• Peak Hour Demand (PHD): The maximum amount <strong>of</strong> water delivered to the system,<br />
excluding fire flow, during a one hour time period <strong>of</strong> a given year. A systems peak hour<br />
demand usually occurs during the same day as the peak day demand.<br />
Equivalent Residential Units (ERU’s): One ERU represents the amount <strong>of</strong> water used by one<br />
single family residence for a specific water system. The demand <strong>of</strong> other customer classes can<br />
be expressed in terms <strong>of</strong> ERU’s by dividing the demand <strong>of</strong> each <strong>of</strong> the other customer classes by<br />
the demand represented by one ERU.<br />
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Introduction<br />
Fire Flow: The rate <strong>of</strong> flow <strong>of</strong> water required during fire fighting, which is usually expressed in<br />
terms <strong>of</strong> gallons per minute (gpm).<br />
Head: A measure <strong>of</strong> pressure or force by water. Head is measured in feet and can be converted<br />
to pounds per square inch (psi) by dividing feet by 2.31.<br />
Head Loss: Pressure reduction resulting from pipeline wall friction, bends, physical restrictions,<br />
or obstructions.<br />
Hydraulic Elevation: The height <strong>of</strong> a free water surface above a defined datum; the height<br />
above the ground to which water in a pressure pipeline would rise in a vertical open-end pipe.<br />
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The maximum permissible level <strong>of</strong> contaminant in the<br />
water that the purveyor delivers to any public water system user, measured at the locations<br />
identified under WAC 246-290-300, Table 3.<br />
Meter Installation Charge: The installation charge or hook-up fee is a fee paid by a property<br />
owner to reimburse the <strong>City</strong> for the cost incurred to make the physical connection to the water<br />
system. This cost includes both direct and indirect cost for installing the service line <strong>of</strong>f <strong>of</strong> the<br />
system’s water main to the customer’s water meter.<br />
Potable: <strong>Water</strong> suitable for human consumption.<br />
Pressure Zone: A portion <strong>of</strong> the water system that operates from sources at a common<br />
hydraulic elevation. For example, 555 Zone refers to the <strong>City</strong>’s second highest pressure zone<br />
which has a reservoir with a maximum water elevation (i.e., overflow elevation) <strong>of</strong> 555 feet.<br />
Purveyor: An agency, special purpose district, subdivision <strong>of</strong> the State, municipal corporation,<br />
firm, company, mutual or cooperative association, institution, partnership, or persons or other<br />
entity owning or operating a public water system. Purveyor also means the authorized agents <strong>of</strong><br />
such entities.<br />
Supply: <strong>Water</strong> that is delivered to a water system by one or more supply facilities which may<br />
consist <strong>of</strong> supply stations, booster pump stations, and wells.<br />
Storage: <strong>Water</strong> that is “stored” in a reservoir to supplement the supply facilities <strong>of</strong> a system and<br />
provide water supply for emergency conditions. Storage is broken down into the following five<br />
components which are defined and discussed in more detail in Chapter 7: operational storage,<br />
equalizing storage, standby storage, fire flow storage, and dead storage.<br />
Unaccounted-for <strong>Water</strong>: <strong>Water</strong> that is measured as going into the distribution system but not<br />
metered as going out <strong>of</strong> the system.<br />
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CHAPTER 1<br />
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS<br />
The abbreviations listed below in Table 1-3 are used throughout this plan:<br />
Table 1-3<br />
Abbreviations<br />
Abbreviation Description<br />
ADD Average Day Demand<br />
AWWA American <strong>Water</strong> Works Association<br />
CCR Consumer Confidence Report<br />
CIP Capital Improvement Program<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
CWA Cascade <strong>Water</strong> Alliance<br />
DOH Department <strong>of</strong> Health<br />
EPA Environmental Protection Agency<br />
ERU Equivalent Residential Unit<br />
fps feet per second<br />
GMA Growth Management Act<br />
gpm gallons per minute<br />
MCL Maximum Contaminant Level<br />
MCLG Maximum Contaminant Level Goal<br />
MG Million Gallons<br />
MGD Million Gallons per Day<br />
mg/l milligrams per liter<br />
PDD Peak Day Demand<br />
PHD Peak Hour Demand<br />
psi pounds per square inch<br />
SDWA Safe Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Act<br />
SPU Seattle Public Utilities<br />
SWTR Surface <strong>Water</strong> Treatment Rule<br />
WAC Washington Administrative Code<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Description 2<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
This chapter describes the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>’s (<strong>City</strong>) existing and future water service areas and<br />
water service agreements, and provides a thorough description <strong>of</strong> the water system and its<br />
individual components. The results <strong>of</strong> the evaluation and analyses <strong>of</strong> the existing water system<br />
are presented later in Chapter 7.<br />
WATER SERVICE AREA<br />
History<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> was settled in the late 1800’s, originally as a small lumber and farming based community.<br />
It was later incorporated as a city in 1913 and in the late 1970’s the <strong>City</strong> began transforming into<br />
a suburban bedroom community with a rapidly growing population. The <strong>City</strong> currently provides<br />
water service to approximately 1,954 customer connections.<br />
Topography<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong>’s service area is located on the east side <strong>of</strong> the Snoqualmie River Valley, just west <strong>of</strong> a<br />
ridge that runs parallel to the Snoqualmie River. The topography <strong>of</strong> the area served by the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
water system varies greatly in elevation. The lowest areas served are located along the edges <strong>of</strong><br />
the Snoqualmie River and have an elevation <strong>of</strong> approximately 40 feet. The highest areas served<br />
are located near the easterly boundary <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>, in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the Crestview Estates<br />
Reservoir, and have an elevation <strong>of</strong> approximately 500 feet. The topography <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
service area slopes generally downward from east to west.<br />
Although the westerly boundary <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> lies within the Snoqualmie River’s flood control zone,<br />
the <strong>City</strong>’s water system has not expanded into this area.<br />
Existing <strong>Water</strong> Service Area<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> is located in north central King County, Washington, on the banks <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Snoqualmie River. The <strong>City</strong>’s corporate boundary encompasses an area <strong>of</strong> approximately 2.3<br />
square miles, as shown in Figure 2-1. A small portion <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s existing water distribution<br />
system extends beyond these limits, as shown in the figure. The existing water system extends<br />
as far north as NE Cherry Valley Road, south to approximately Big Rock Road NE and east to<br />
292nd Avenue NE. The Snoqualmie River serves as the distribution system’s westerly<br />
boundary.<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s retail water service area boundary was defined in the 1989 East King County<br />
Coordinated <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> and is shown in Figure 2-3. The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> is responsible<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 2-1 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH2 (12/29/04 12:25 PM)
C H A P T E R 2<br />
for providing public water service, utility management and water system development within this<br />
area. The <strong>City</strong>’s retail water service area boundary encompasses an area <strong>of</strong> approximately 6.6<br />
square miles and extends north to NE Cherry Valley Road, west to the Snoqualmie River, and<br />
south and east to the boundary <strong>of</strong> King County <strong>Water</strong> District No. 119.<br />
WATER SERVICE AGREEMENTS<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Service Area Agreement<br />
All purveyors located within the East King County Critical <strong>Water</strong> Supply Service Area are<br />
required to have a water service area agreement that identifies the external boundary <strong>of</strong> their<br />
water service area. The <strong>City</strong> updated its water service area agreement in 1997 as part <strong>of</strong> the<br />
1996 East King County Coordinated <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> Update. A copy <strong>of</strong> this agreement is<br />
contained in Appendix B.<br />
Seattle Purveyor Contract<br />
The <strong>Water</strong> Purveyor Contract is essentially a long-term agreement that requires Seattle Public<br />
Utilities (SPU) to supply a reliable source <strong>of</strong> treated water to the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> at wholesale<br />
prices, based upon the <strong>City</strong>’s long-term commitment for water demand. The original contract,<br />
dated November 1981, was amended on June 6, 1994. A copy <strong>of</strong> the contract and its amendment<br />
is contained in Appendix C.<br />
The <strong>Water</strong> Purveyor Contract will remain effective until January 1, 2012, at which time it will<br />
terminate. SPU formally notified the <strong>City</strong> and all other purveyors in August <strong>of</strong> 1996 that the<br />
purveyor contracts would not be renewed in their present form. However, a contract is expected<br />
to be negotiated by 2012 if a new regional water supply entity is not formed by then. Additional<br />
information on the <strong>Water</strong> Purveyor Contract and the <strong>City</strong>’s long-term water supply planning is<br />
presented in Chapter 6.<br />
SATELLITE SYSTEM MANAGEMENT<br />
A Satellite Management Agency (SMA) is defined as a person or entity that is certified by the<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Health (DOH) to own or operate more than one public water system without the<br />
necessity for a physical connection between such systems. SMA’s were created to stop the<br />
proliferation <strong>of</strong> small water systems, many <strong>of</strong> which could not meet federal and state water<br />
quality and water system planning regulations. Based on the success <strong>of</strong> these SMA’s, DOH<br />
made recommendations to the legislature to include rules for designating entities as qualified<br />
SMA’s.<br />
In July 1995, Senate Bill 5448 became a law that governs approvals <strong>of</strong> new water systems and<br />
sets forth requirements for SMA’s. The goal <strong>of</strong> the law is to ensure that the people <strong>of</strong> this state<br />
receive safe and reliable water supplies in the future from pr<strong>of</strong>essionally managed or properly<br />
operated water systems.<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Description<br />
SMA’s can provide 3 different levels <strong>of</strong> service.<br />
1. Ownership <strong>of</strong> the satellite system<br />
2. Operations and management <strong>of</strong> the satellite system<br />
3. Contract services only<br />
The service can be provided to new systems, existing systems which are no longer viable or<br />
existing systems placed into receivership status by DOH.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>, in accepting its service area, has accepted responsibility for providing water<br />
service to all customers in this area. Currently, only the Riverview School District’s small water<br />
systems exist within the <strong>City</strong>’s water service area boundary. The populated areas surrounding<br />
the <strong>City</strong>’s service area are currently being served by large, stable water systems that are unlikely<br />
to be a future satellite water system operated by the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
In the event that a neighboring water system needs the <strong>City</strong>’s assistance, <strong>Duvall</strong> will cooperate to<br />
provide the necessary satellite management services to meet their needs. Upon agreement<br />
between the two systems to have the <strong>City</strong> provide these services, the <strong>City</strong> will pursue the<br />
necessary steps to become an approved SMA. These include:<br />
• Submitting a notice <strong>of</strong> intent to the DOH;<br />
• Participating in a pre-submittal meeting with the DOH;<br />
• Submitting a SMA plan to DOH that meets the plan requirements;<br />
• Obtaining approval <strong>of</strong> the plan from DOH.<br />
EXISTING WATER FACILITIES<br />
This section provides a detailed description <strong>of</strong> the existing water system and the current<br />
operation <strong>of</strong> the facilities. The analysis <strong>of</strong> the existing water facilities is presented in Chapter 7.<br />
Detailed data on all <strong>of</strong> the water system facilities is contained in Appendix D. General water<br />
system facility data is summarized on the Department <strong>of</strong> Health <strong>Water</strong> Facilities Inventory<br />
(WFI) form. A copy <strong>of</strong> this form is contained in Appendix E.<br />
Pressure Zones<br />
The <strong>City</strong> serves customers within an elevation range <strong>of</strong> approximately 55 feet near the banks <strong>of</strong><br />
the Snoqualmie River to approximately 500 feet near the Crestview Estates Reservoir. The wide<br />
elevation range requires that the water pressure be increased or reduced to maintain pressures<br />
that are safe and sufficient to meet the flow requirements <strong>of</strong> the system. This is achieved in the<br />
<strong>City</strong>’s system by dividing the water system into five different pressure zones, as shown in<br />
Figure 2-1. The pressure in each pressure zone is regulated by reservoir levels, pressure<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 2-3 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH2 (12/29/04 12:25 PM)
C H A P T E R 2<br />
reducing station settings, pump station settings or a combination <strong>of</strong> these, as illustrated in the<br />
hydraulic pr<strong>of</strong>ile, Figure 2-2.<br />
Hydraulic Pr<strong>of</strong>ile Overview<br />
The pressures in the 450 Zone and the 555 Zone are regulated by reservoir levels, as illustrated<br />
in the hydraulic pr<strong>of</strong>ile, Figure 2-2. Pressures in the 450 Zone are established by the surface<br />
water level in the Big Rock Road Reservoir, which has an overflow elevation <strong>of</strong> 450.5 feet. The<br />
450 Zone is primarily located between 3rd Avenue NE and 272nd Avenue NE and serves<br />
customers within an elevation range <strong>of</strong> approximately 170 feet to 300 feet. Pressures in the 555<br />
Zone, which has a maximum hydraulic elevation <strong>of</strong> 555 feet, are established by the surface water<br />
level in the Crestview Estates Reservoir. The 555 Zone is predominately located between 272nd<br />
Avenue NE and 278th Avenue NE and serves customers within an elevation range <strong>of</strong><br />
approximately 290 feet to 440 feet.<br />
The 615 Zone is a closed zone, or a zone without storage, which is supplied by the 615 Zone<br />
Booster Pump Station. This zone serves customers within an elevation range between<br />
approximately 405 feet to 500 feet and is primarily located east <strong>of</strong> 278th Avenue NE.<br />
The 485 Zone and the 330 Zone are supplied with water by a series <strong>of</strong> pressure reducing stations<br />
that decrease the pressure <strong>of</strong> water supplied to these zones. The 485 Zone, which is the system’s<br />
smallest zone, is supplied through two pressure reducing stations with water from the 555 Zone<br />
and is located south <strong>of</strong> NE 141st Place and west <strong>of</strong> 278th Avenue NE. Elevations in the 485<br />
Zone range from approximately 295 feet to 370 feet. The lowest pressure zone, the 330 Zone, is<br />
supplied by a series <strong>of</strong> ten pressure reducing stations with water from the 450 Zone. The 330<br />
Zone is predominately located west <strong>of</strong> 3rd Avenue NE, and elevations within this zone range<br />
from approximately 55 feet to 290 feet.<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH2 (12/29/04 12:25 PM) 2-4 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Description<br />
Supply Facilities<br />
Introduction<br />
All water supply to the <strong>City</strong>’s system is provided<br />
by SPU from its Tolt supply pipeline. Most <strong>of</strong><br />
the water that the <strong>City</strong> receives is from the Tolt<br />
River source. <strong>Water</strong> from this source is delivered<br />
to the <strong>City</strong> from east to west in a 66-inch<br />
transmission main that is routed approximately<br />
two miles south <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s downtown business<br />
district. <strong>Water</strong> is provided to the <strong>City</strong>’s system<br />
from this transmission main through two active<br />
metered supply connections. Tolt 1 Supply<br />
Station is located near the southeast corner <strong>of</strong> the<br />
<strong>City</strong>’s Urban Growth Area Boundary and Tolt 2<br />
Supply Station is located to the west <strong>of</strong> Tolt 1<br />
Supply Station.<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Treatment<br />
Tolt 1 Supply Station Interior<br />
All water treatment is currently provided by SPU. The <strong>City</strong>’s water is chlorinated to disinfect<br />
and kill harmful bacteria that may be present in the water and fluoridated to assist in the<br />
prevention <strong>of</strong> tooth decay. Additionally, filtration and ozonation <strong>of</strong> SPU’s Tolt River source is<br />
provided by the Tolt Treatment Facility, which became operational at the end <strong>of</strong> 2000.<br />
Additional information on the <strong>City</strong>’s source <strong>of</strong> supply, water treatment, and water quality<br />
monitoring is contained in Chapter 6.<br />
Tolt 1 Supply Station<br />
Tolt 1 Supply Station, located near the intersection <strong>of</strong> NE Big Rock Road and SPU’s Tolt<br />
Pipeline No. 1 right-<strong>of</strong>-way, provides supply directly to the 615 Zone and indirectly to all other<br />
zones (through pressure reducing stations and an altitude valve). This station was constructed in<br />
1984 and has a capacity <strong>of</strong> approximately 1,750 gpm. Improvements to the facility were<br />
constructed in 1996. Tolt 1 Supply Station consists <strong>of</strong> two below-grade concrete vaults with a<br />
single 12-inch inlet pipe from the Seattle supply system, 12-inch outlet piping to the 615 Zone,<br />
and 4-inch and 8-inch flow control/pressure reducing valves which are located in the larger<br />
vault. A 12-inch flow meter is located in the smaller, upstream concrete vault. Both vaults are<br />
equipped with sump pumps and intrusion switches.<br />
Tolt 2 Supply Station<br />
Tolt 2 Supply Station, located near the intersection <strong>of</strong> 274th Avenue NE and SPU’s Tolt Pipeline<br />
No. 1 right-<strong>of</strong>-way, provides supply directly to the 450 Zone and indirectly to all other zones<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 2-5 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH2 (12/29/04 12:25 PM)
C H A P T E R 2<br />
(through pump and pressure reducing stations). This station was originally constructed in 1962<br />
and has a capacity <strong>of</strong> approximately 1,200 gpm. Improvements to the facility were constructed<br />
in 1973 and 1996. The station consists <strong>of</strong> two below-grade concrete vaults with a single 12-inch<br />
inlet pipe from the Seattle supply system, 12-inch outlet piping that reduces to 10-inches to the<br />
450 Zone, and 4-inch and 10-inch flow control/pressure reducing valves that are located in the<br />
larger vault. A 12-inch flow meter is located in the smaller, downstream concrete vault. Both<br />
vaults are equipped with sump pumps and intrusion switches.<br />
Taylor’s Landing Well<br />
Taylor’s Landing Well is an artesian well<br />
located southwest <strong>of</strong> the intersection <strong>of</strong><br />
Main Street NE and NE Allen Street. The<br />
<strong>City</strong> holds a water rights certificate for the<br />
use <strong>of</strong> the well, which is currently<br />
disconnected from the water system.<br />
Historically, water was hauled from the<br />
Taylor’s Landing Well to augment low or<br />
dry private wells in the unincorporated areas<br />
north <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>. The <strong>City</strong> capped the well<br />
and closed it to open public use in 2000 for<br />
liability reasons. The well is now securely<br />
capped and locked and is only used in the<br />
summer by the <strong>City</strong>’s Public Works<br />
Department to fill water trucks for irrigation<br />
purposes.<br />
Taylors Landing Well<br />
Pump Station Facilities<br />
615 Zone Booster Pump Station<br />
The 615 Zone Booster Pump Station is<br />
located at the site <strong>of</strong> the 2.2 MG Big Rock<br />
Road Reservoir, which is east <strong>of</strong> NE Big<br />
Rock Road and south <strong>of</strong> Roney Road. The<br />
station is a fairly new facility that was<br />
constructed concurrently with the Big Rock<br />
Road Reservoir in 1996. The station pumps<br />
water from the 450 Zone Big Rock Road<br />
Reservoir to the 615 Zone to meet the<br />
demand requirements <strong>of</strong> the 615 Zone and to<br />
transfer storage from the 2.2 MG Reservoir<br />
to the 0.5 MG Reservoir via an altitude<br />
valve.<br />
615 Zone Booster Pump Station<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH2 (12/29/04 12:25 PM) 2-6 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Description<br />
A CMU block building houses the booster pump station’s mechanical and electrical equipment.<br />
The station has a total capacity <strong>of</strong> approximately 2,000 gpm, which is delivered by one 350 gpm<br />
vertical turbine pump with a 30 horsepower motor and two 1,000 gpm vertical turbine pumps<br />
with 60 horsepower motors. All three pumps are equipped with variable frequency drives. The<br />
station was designed to accommodate an additional fourth pump, as needed in the future. A 6-<br />
inch pressure relief valve is located on the discharge header and protects the 615 Zone from high<br />
pressures during pump operation. A 6-inch altitude valve with backpressure sustaining and<br />
pressure relief override is located outside the pump station in a below-grade vault. This control<br />
valve allows the transfer <strong>of</strong> water from the 615 Zone to the 450 Zone when Tolt 1 Supply Station<br />
is supplying water to the 615 Zone and protects the 615 Zone from high pressures during this<br />
operation. A stationary engine generator set, located in a room adjacent to the pumps, is<br />
equipped with an automatic transfer switch and provides backup power supply to the facility. A<br />
12-inch flow meter is located outside and adjacent to the pump station in a below-grade concrete<br />
vault. The site is fully enclosed by a chain link fence. Both the metering vault and pump station<br />
building are equipped with intrusion switches.<br />
Storage Facilities<br />
450 Zone 2.2 MG Big Rock Road Reservoir<br />
The 2.2 MG Big Rock Road<br />
Reservoir, which is located east <strong>of</strong><br />
NE Big Rock Road and south <strong>of</strong><br />
Roney Road, provides water storage<br />
directly to the 450 Zone and<br />
indirectly to the other zones in the<br />
system. The reservoir site is shared<br />
with the <strong>City</strong>’s 615 Zone Booster<br />
Pump Station. The 138-foot<br />
diameter, 27-foot tall steel reservoir<br />
was constructed in 1996 and provides<br />
approximately 111,000 gallons <strong>of</strong><br />
storage per foot height. The<br />
reservoir’s base elevation is at<br />
approximately 430 feet and the<br />
overflow elevation is at 450.5 feet.<br />
2.2 MG Big Rock Road Reservoir<br />
The interior <strong>of</strong> the reservoir was cleaned in 2001 and the exterior was pressure washed in 2002.<br />
The reservoir is equipped with an exterior level gauge and has a single 12-inch water main that<br />
serves as its common inlet/outlet pipe. A recently installed internal level sensor provides<br />
accurate level measurements for data logging and level control purposes. The reservoir may be<br />
filled either from the 450 Zone through a 12-inch transmission main in Big Rock Road or from<br />
the 615 Zone through a 6-inch altitude valve. The altitude control valve is located onsite and<br />
adjacent to the 615 Zone Booster Pump Station building in a below-grade concrete vault and is<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 2-7 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH2 (12/29/04 12:25 PM)
C H A P T E R 2<br />
equipped with an intrusion switch. The altitude valve is programmed with a delayed opening<br />
and is also equipped with backpressure sustaining and pressure relief mechanisms to maintain<br />
minimum pressures and to relieve excess pressures in the 615 Zone.<br />
555 Zone 0.5 MG Crestview Estates Reservoir<br />
The 0.5 MG Crestview Estates Reservoir is located near the<br />
intersection <strong>of</strong> NE 144th Street and 283rd Street NE. The<br />
reservoir provides storage for the 555 Zone and can provide<br />
supplemental storage to the lower pressure zones when<br />
supplied through the pressure reducing stations. The 63-<br />
foot tall steel reservoir was constructed in 1988 and<br />
provides approximately 8,400 gallons <strong>of</strong> storage per foot<br />
height. The reservoir has a base elevation <strong>of</strong> approximately<br />
496 feet and overflow elevation <strong>of</strong> 556 feet.<br />
The interior <strong>of</strong> the reservoir was cleaned in 2001. A mural<br />
is painted on the reservoir’s exterior coating. The reservoir<br />
is equipped with an exterior level gauge and has a 6-inch<br />
water main that serves as its inlet pipe from the 615 Zone<br />
and a 12-inch water main that serves as its outlet pipe to the<br />
555 Zone. The reservoir has an elevated inlet pipe that<br />
discharges water into the reservoir at an elevation <strong>of</strong><br />
approximately 545 feet. A 4-inch altitude valve, which<br />
controls the level <strong>of</strong> water in the reservoir, is located on the 0.5 MG Crestview Estates Reservoir<br />
reservoir’s inlet piping in a below-grade concrete vault. A<br />
pressure transducer, which measures the pressure <strong>of</strong> the 615 Zone at this location, is also located<br />
in this vault. An 8-inch insertion meter, which was installed in 1996 in a separate below-grade<br />
concrete vault upstream <strong>of</strong> the altitude valve vault, measures the flow rate <strong>of</strong> water from the 615<br />
Zone to reservoir. Both vaults are equipped with sump pumps and intrusion switches. The<br />
reservoir site is fully enclosed and secured with a chain link fence topped with barbed wire.<br />
Distribution and Transmission <strong>System</strong><br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s water system contains almost 36 miles <strong>of</strong> water main ranging in size from 2-inches to<br />
12-inches. As shown in Table 2-1, most <strong>of</strong> the water main (approximately 63 percent) within<br />
the service area is 8-inch diameter, and more than three-quarters <strong>of</strong> all water main is 8-inch<br />
diameter or smaller.<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH2 (12/29/04 12:25 PM) 2-8 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Description<br />
Table 2-1<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Main Diameter Inventory<br />
Diameter<br />
Length<br />
(Inches) (Feet) % <strong>of</strong> Total<br />
2 239 0.1%<br />
4 17,254 9.2%<br />
6 10,851 5.8%<br />
8 117,333 62.5%<br />
10 13,948 7.4%<br />
12 28,069 15.0%<br />
Totals 187,694 100%<br />
All <strong>of</strong> the water main in the <strong>City</strong>’s system is constructed <strong>of</strong> asbestos concrete, PVC and ductile<br />
iron, with two-thirds <strong>of</strong> the water main constructed <strong>of</strong> ductile iron. All new water main<br />
installations are required to use ductile iron water main in accordance with the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
development and construction standards.<br />
Approximately fifteen-percent <strong>of</strong> the water main within the system is 40 years old, nearing the<br />
50-year general life expectancy <strong>of</strong> water main. The majority <strong>of</strong> this older water main is asbestos<br />
concrete. The remainder <strong>of</strong> the water main in the <strong>City</strong>’s water system is primarily 20 years old<br />
or less and is generally in good condition.<br />
Pressure Reducing Stations<br />
Pressure reducing stations are connections between adjacent pressure zones that allow water to<br />
flow from the higher pressure zone to the lower pressure zone by reducing the pressure <strong>of</strong> the<br />
water as it flows through the station, thereby maintaining a safe range <strong>of</strong> pressures in the lower<br />
zone. A pressure reducing station is essentially a below-grade vault (typically concrete) which<br />
normally contains two pressure reducing valves, a pressure relief valve, piping, and other<br />
appurtenances. The pressure reducing valve hydraulically varies the flow rate through the valve<br />
(up to the flow capacity <strong>of</strong> the valve) to maintain a constant pressure on the downstream side <strong>of</strong><br />
the valve for water flowing into the lower pressure zone.<br />
Pressure reducing stations can serve multiple purposes. They can function as an active supply<br />
facility by maintaining a continuous supply <strong>of</strong> water into a lower zone that has no other source <strong>of</strong><br />
supply. The pressure reducing stations that serve the 330 Zone and 485 Zone are this type.<br />
Pressure reducing stations can also function as standby supply facilities that are normally<br />
inactive (no water flowing through them). The operation <strong>of</strong> this type <strong>of</strong> station is typically<br />
triggered by a drop in water pressure near the downstream side <strong>of</strong> the station. A typical<br />
application <strong>of</strong> this function is a pressure reducing station that is only needed to supply additional<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 2-9 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH2 (12/29/04 12:25 PM)
C H A P T E R 2<br />
water to a lower zone during a fire flow or other emergency situation. The pressure setting <strong>of</strong> the<br />
control valve within the station allows it to remain closed during normal system operation and<br />
open only during high demand conditions, like fire flows, to provide the additional supply<br />
needed. The pressure reducing stations that serve the 450 Zone and 555 Zone are <strong>of</strong> this type,<br />
since both <strong>of</strong> these zones have reservoirs that maintain pressures in their zone.<br />
The <strong>Duvall</strong> water system has a total <strong>of</strong> 19 pressure reducing stations, as shown in plan view in<br />
Figure 2-1 and in pr<strong>of</strong>ile view in Figure 2-2. A total <strong>of</strong> ten pressure reducing stations actively<br />
supply water from the 450 Zone to the lower 330 Zone, which serves the downtown area. Four<br />
pressure reducing stations serve the 450 Zone from the 555 Zone, while the 485 Zone and the<br />
555 Zone are served by a total <strong>of</strong> two and three pressure reducing stations, respectively. All <strong>of</strong><br />
the <strong>City</strong>’s PRV stations are located in underground vaults and are not equipped with pressure<br />
relief valves. A listing <strong>of</strong> all pressure reducing stations and related data is contained in<br />
Appendix D.<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Interties<br />
<strong>Water</strong> system interties are physical connections between two adjacent water systems. A closed<br />
isolation valve or control valve is the part <strong>of</strong> the intertie that normally provides the separation <strong>of</strong><br />
the two water systems. Emergency supply interties provide water from one system to another<br />
during emergency situations only. An emergency situation may occur when a water system loses<br />
its main source <strong>of</strong> supply or transmission main and is unable to provide a sufficient quantity <strong>of</strong><br />
water to its customers for drinking or fire flow purposes. Normal supply interties provide water<br />
from one system to another during non-emergency situations and are typically supplying water at<br />
all times. The <strong>City</strong> does not have interties with adjacent water systems. However, an emergency<br />
intertie between the <strong>City</strong>’s water system and the <strong>Water</strong> District No. 119 water system is possible,<br />
should either system become interested in the future.<br />
Telemetry and Supervisory Control<br />
<strong>System</strong><br />
Successful operation <strong>of</strong> any municipal water<br />
system requires gathering and using accurate<br />
water system information. A telemetry and<br />
supervisory control system gathers information<br />
and can efficiently control a system by<br />
automatically optimizing facility operations. A<br />
telemetry and supervisory control system also<br />
provides instant alarm notification to operations<br />
personnel in the event <strong>of</strong> equipment failure,<br />
operation problem, flood, fire, or other<br />
emergency situations.<br />
Level Recorder at Crestview Estates Reservoir<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH2 (12/29/04 12:25 PM) 2-10 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Description<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s telemetry and supervisory control system was installed in approximately 1997 by<br />
<strong>System</strong>s Interface. The system consists <strong>of</strong> a master telemetry unit (MTU) at the public works<br />
building and remote telemetry units (RTU) at each <strong>of</strong> the two supply facility sites and two<br />
reservoir sites. The RTU’s communicate with the MTU using dedicated leased telephone lines.<br />
The system, however, is not quite fully operational for data collection and alarm notification at<br />
all facilities. The <strong>City</strong> plans to have the system fully operational within the next year.<br />
WATER SYSTEM OPERATION<br />
Overview<br />
All water supply is provided through two metered connections from SPU’s Tolt Pipeline No. 1<br />
that follows an alignment directly south <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>, as shown in Figure 2-1. Tolt 1 Supply<br />
Station provides water to the 615 Zone and indirectly fills the 0.5 MG Crestview Estates<br />
Reservoir in the 555 Zone through an altitude control valve at the reservoir site. <strong>Water</strong> from this<br />
supply station can also indirectly fill the 450 Zone 2.2 MG Big Rock Road Reservoir through an<br />
altitude control valve at the reservoir site. Tolt 2 Supply Station provides water directly to the<br />
450 Zone and the Big Rock Road Reservoir. The settings <strong>of</strong> the supply facilities and water<br />
usage throughout the system dictate the amount <strong>of</strong> water either flowing into or out <strong>of</strong> the<br />
reservoirs. The 615 Zone Booster Pump Station draws water from the 450 Zone Big Rock Road<br />
Reservoir and pumps it into the closed 615 Zone (i.e., no storage within the zone) to meet 615<br />
Zone demands and to supply water to the 0.5 MG Crestview Estates Reservoir when the altitude<br />
valve opens for filling the reservoir. The 485 Zone and the 330 Zone are supplied by pressure<br />
reducing stations with water that originates from the 555 and 450 Zones, respectively.<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s supply facilities have been designed to operate under a wide variation <strong>of</strong> supply heads<br />
and to comply with SPU’s demand metering requirements. The following two sections describe<br />
the operation <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s facilities during the demand metering period.<br />
SPU Demand Metering Requirements<br />
The <strong>Water</strong> Purveyor Contract with SPU requires the <strong>City</strong> to maintain a relatively constant 24-<br />
hour demand on the Seattle supply system by supplying peak demands from storage, or pay a<br />
substantial demand surcharge. The demand surcharge is imposed when the average <strong>of</strong> the<br />
demand factors from the 10 maximum supply days during the demand metering period exceeds<br />
1.3. The current demand metering period is from May 16th through September 15th <strong>of</strong> each<br />
year.<br />
The demand factor is calculated from the ratio <strong>of</strong> the 15-minute peak flow rate to the 24-hour<br />
average flow rate <strong>of</strong> the same day. The <strong>City</strong>’s two supply facilities are considered as a single<br />
supply connection for the purpose <strong>of</strong> calculating the demand factor. The demand surcharge is<br />
calculated in the fall <strong>of</strong> each year based upon the supply rates during the demand metering<br />
period. The demand surcharge, if imposed, is applied for one year beginning in January<br />
following the summer that the peak demands occurred. To avoid the demand surcharge, the <strong>City</strong><br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 2-11 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH2 (12/29/04 12:25 PM)
C H A P T E R 2<br />
operations personnel operate the supply facilities in a flow control mode during the summer<br />
months and adjust the flow rate <strong>of</strong> each station on a daily basis to maintain maximum storage<br />
levels and a relatively constant supply from SPU. The rate <strong>of</strong> supply is set early in the morning<br />
each day based on the prior days demand, the prior days flow control valve settings, the level in<br />
the reservoirs, and the forecasted weather condition for the upcoming day.<br />
When demand metering is not in effect during the lower water usage months <strong>of</strong> the year, the<br />
supply facilities are usually set to maximize water turnover and maintain adequate water quality<br />
in the reservoirs.<br />
Seattle Supply Head Variation<br />
The hydraulic head, or pressure, <strong>of</strong> the water entering the <strong>City</strong>’s supply facilities from the Tolt<br />
pipeline varies throughout the year, based on the overall water demand <strong>of</strong> users <strong>of</strong> the SPU<br />
regional system. The hydraulic head at the <strong>City</strong>’s supply facilities is highest during the winter<br />
and lowest during the summer, especially during periods <strong>of</strong> extreme temperatures and high water<br />
use throughout the region. The <strong>Water</strong> Purveyor Contract with SPU identifies the minimum<br />
hydraulic head <strong>of</strong> water supply that SPU must maintain at each <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s supply facilities.<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s supply facilities are capable <strong>of</strong> providing adequate pressures and flows throughout the<br />
system, even if the SPU supply system is operated at minimum contract head levels. The<br />
minimum head requirements are shown below in Table 2-2.<br />
Table 2-2<br />
Seattle Contractual Minimum Supply Heads<br />
Pressure Min. Head 1<br />
Supply Facility Location Zone (feet)<br />
Tolt 1 Supply Station NE Big Rock Rd & Tolt Pipeline No. 1 R.O.W. 615 644.7<br />
Tolt 2 Supply Station 275th Ave NE & Tolt Pipeline No. 1 R.O.W. 450 639.7<br />
1 - Mininimum head values shown are based on the NAVD88 datum<br />
ADJACENT WATER SYSTEMS<br />
The area outside and immediately adjacent to <strong>Duvall</strong>’s existing water service area is<br />
unincorporated King County and only a portion <strong>of</strong> the area immediately adjacent to the <strong>City</strong> is<br />
served by a public water system. Two large water systems are located in close proximity to the<br />
<strong>City</strong>’s system, as shown in Figure 2-3. In addition, one <strong>of</strong> SPU’s main supply lines, Tolt<br />
Pipeline No. 1, is located within the <strong>City</strong>’s service area boundary. The following provides a<br />
brief description <strong>of</strong> each water system.<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH2 (12/29/04 12:25 PM) 2-12 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Description<br />
King County <strong>Water</strong> District No. 119<br />
King County <strong>Water</strong> District No. 119 is immediately adjacent to the east and south sides <strong>of</strong> the<br />
<strong>City</strong>’s water service area. The District has approximately 1,100 service connections and<br />
provides water to a population <strong>of</strong> approximately 3,000 people within unincorporated King<br />
County. The District also purchases its water supply from SPU. The <strong>City</strong> has no plans for an<br />
intertie between the two systems at this time. Five single family customers located within the<br />
District’s service area are currently served by the <strong>City</strong> under the terms <strong>of</strong> a 1998 interlocal<br />
agreement between the <strong>City</strong> and the District, which was amended in 2000. These customers are<br />
located southeast <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s current retail service area in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the Tolt 1 Supply<br />
Station. A copy <strong>of</strong> the agreement and its amendment is contained in Appendix B.<br />
Woodinville <strong>Water</strong> District<br />
Woodinville <strong>Water</strong> District is located approximately one mile west <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s water system<br />
and is bordered by several other water systems, which include Northshore Utility District, <strong>City</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> Bothell, <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> Kirkland, and the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> Redmond. The District is a combined water and<br />
sewer district which serves approximately 13,000 water customers and 2,500 sewer customers<br />
within the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> Woodinville, a portion <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> Bothell and unincorporated King County.<br />
The system serves a population <strong>of</strong> approximately 41,000 people. Similar to the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>,<br />
the District receives all <strong>of</strong> its water supply from SPU. There are no plans for interties between<br />
this system and the <strong>Duvall</strong> water system at this time.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 2-13 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH2 (12/29/04 12:25 PM)
Land Use and Population 3<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> (<strong>City</strong>) <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> was completed in April 1994 and was last<br />
updated in December 2000. The <strong>City</strong> is currently preparing an update to the 2000 <strong>Plan</strong>, which is<br />
scheduled for completion by the end <strong>of</strong> 2004. The plan was developed to meet the requirements<br />
<strong>of</strong> the State <strong>of</strong> Washington Growth Management Act (GMA). The GMA requires, among other<br />
things, consistency between land use and utility plans and their implementation. This chapter<br />
demonstrates the compatibility <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> with other plans,<br />
identifies the designated land uses within the existing and future service area, and presents<br />
population projections within the <strong>Duvall</strong> planning area.<br />
COMPATIBILITY WITH OTHER PLANS<br />
Introduction<br />
To ensure that the <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> is consistent with the land use policies<br />
that guide it and other related plans, the following planning documents were examined.<br />
• Growth Management Act<br />
• <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
• King County Countywide <strong>Plan</strong>ning Policies<br />
• East King County Coordinated <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Growth Management Act<br />
The State <strong>of</strong> Washington Growth Management Act <strong>of</strong> 1990 and its 1991 and 1993 amendments<br />
defined four goals relevant to this water plan:<br />
1. Growth should be in urban areas.<br />
2. There should be consistency between land use and utility plans and their implementation.<br />
3. There should be concurrency <strong>of</strong> growth with public facilities and services.<br />
4. Critical areas should be designated and protected.<br />
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CHAPTER 3<br />
Urban Growth Area<br />
The GMA requires that King County and <strong>Duvall</strong> cooperate in designating an Urban Growth Area<br />
(UGA). As part <strong>of</strong> the development <strong>of</strong> its 1994 <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>, the <strong>City</strong> designated an<br />
UGA that would accommodate the <strong>City</strong>’s projected population growth and provide resource<br />
conservation.<br />
Consistency<br />
The GMA requires planning consistency from two perspectives. First, it requires consistency <strong>of</strong><br />
plans among jurisdictions. This means that plans and policies <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> and King County must<br />
be consistent (RCW 36.70A.100). Second, the GMA requires the implementation <strong>of</strong> the plan be<br />
consistent with the comprehensive plans (RCW 36.70A.120).<br />
Concurrency<br />
Concurrency means that adequate public facilities and services are provided at the time growth<br />
occurs. For example, growth should not occur where schools, roads and other public facilities<br />
are overloaded. Concurrency ensures that public dollars are used efficiently and that quality <strong>of</strong><br />
life is preserved. To achieve this objective, the GMA directs growth to areas already served or<br />
readily served by public facilities and services (RCW 36.70A.10). It also requires that, when<br />
public facilities and services cannot be maintained at an acceptable level <strong>of</strong> service, the new<br />
development should be prohibited (RCW 36.70A.100).<br />
Critical Areas<br />
The GMA requires that critical areas be designated and protected. Critical areas include aquifer<br />
recharge areas, wetlands and steep slopes. The SEPA checklist in Appendix A addresses other<br />
environmental concerns.<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
The Land Use Element <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>’s 1994 <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> is the <strong>City</strong>’s vision <strong>of</strong><br />
how growth and development should occur over a 20-year horizon. While the Land Use<br />
Element goals and policies set forth general standards for locating land uses, the Zoning Map,<br />
which has been reproduced and is shown in Figure 3-1, indicates geographically where certain<br />
types <strong>of</strong> uses may be appropriate.<br />
The Land Use Element articulates many <strong>of</strong> the same goals and concerns <strong>of</strong> the GMA. Like the<br />
GMA, the Land Use Element seeks to accommodate growth while maintaining the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
residential but rural character and protecting the environmentally sensitive areas. It seeks to<br />
promote a strong local economy and vital commercial and industrial districts by focusing<br />
economic development within them and establishing development guidelines. The Utilities and<br />
Capital Facilities Elements ensure that new development will be adequately serviced without<br />
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Land Use and Population<br />
compromising existing levels <strong>of</strong> service, similar to principal <strong>of</strong> concurrency as defined in the<br />
GMA.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> encompasses an area <strong>of</strong> approximately 1,500 acres or 2.3 square miles. Some<br />
undeveloped lots still exist within the <strong>City</strong>’s business district, or Old Town, and infilling is<br />
expected and encouraged in these areas. Because vacant land is limited, the <strong>City</strong> must annex and<br />
broaden its boundaries to accommodate the growth mandated by the GMA. The <strong>Duvall</strong> UGA<br />
consists <strong>of</strong> approximately 2,000 acres or approximately 3.1 square miles.<br />
King County Countywide <strong>Plan</strong>ning Policies<br />
The King County Council adopted the King County Countywide <strong>Plan</strong>ning Policies (CPPs) in<br />
July 1992. Since this time, the plan has been amended several times with the last amendment<br />
occurring in November 2002. The CPPs serve as the framework for the County’s and cities’<br />
own comprehensive plans, including the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Consistent with<br />
the GMA’s goals, it establishes an UGA within the County to encourage growth in urban areas<br />
and to reduce urban sprawl. The CPPs also guide development in rural, unincorporated King<br />
County. Similar to the <strong>City</strong>’s <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>, the County’s policy goals seek to reduce<br />
urban sprawl, protect rural areas, provide affordable housing throughout the County, and<br />
coordinate protection <strong>of</strong> environmentally sensitive areas.<br />
East King County Coordinated <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
The East King County Coordinated <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> (CWSP) is the result <strong>of</strong> a study<br />
performed by Economic and Engineering Services, Inc. (EES) under the direction <strong>of</strong> the King<br />
County Council and the East King County Regional <strong>Water</strong> Association (RWA). The RWA is a<br />
group <strong>of</strong> water purveyors that provide service within the Critical <strong>Water</strong> Supply Service Area<br />
(CWSSA) that was designated by the King County Council on December 15, 1985, for purposes<br />
<strong>of</strong> the CWSP. Most <strong>of</strong> the water purveyors within the RWA obtain their water supply from<br />
Seattle Public Utilities (SPU). The CWSP was prepared in 1989 and most recently updated in<br />
1996.<br />
The purpose <strong>of</strong> the CWSP is to assist the area’s water utilities in establishing an effective process<br />
for planning and development <strong>of</strong> public water systems and restricting the proliferation <strong>of</strong> small<br />
public water systems. The plan accomplishes this by establishing service area boundaries;<br />
minimum design standards; service review procedures; appeals procedures, long-term regional<br />
water supply strategy; water conservation program and goals; and the satellite system<br />
management program. As can be seen in the following sections <strong>of</strong> this plan, the <strong>City</strong> has<br />
established policies, design criteria and goals that meet or exceed the requirements and goals <strong>of</strong><br />
the CWSP.<br />
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CHAPTER 3<br />
LAND USE<br />
Land Use within <strong>City</strong> Service Area<br />
The city limits currently encompass an area <strong>of</strong> approximately 1,500 acres. The <strong>City</strong>’s UGA<br />
encompasses an additional 500 acres outside <strong>of</strong> the current city limits. <strong>Duvall</strong> has also<br />
designated an urban reserve area, which lies within the UGA just east <strong>of</strong> the city limits as shown<br />
in Figure 2-1. This urban reserve area encompasses approximately 330 acres. The water<br />
service area is significantly larger than the <strong>City</strong>’s UGA with 4,230 total acres. The <strong>City</strong>’s zoning<br />
designations, as shown in the Zoning Map on Figure 3-1, guide development in <strong>Duvall</strong>. Zoning<br />
outside <strong>of</strong> the city limits is designated by King County.<br />
The area served by the <strong>City</strong> is primarily residential, comprised largely <strong>of</strong> single-family residents.<br />
Approximately 63 percent <strong>of</strong> the land area within the <strong>City</strong> is currently designated for single-family<br />
residential use; 3 percent is designated for multi-family residential use; 6 percent is designated for<br />
mixed commercial and residential use; 8 percent is designated for commercial or industrial use; and<br />
21 percent is designated for public facilities.<br />
Multi-family residential, commercial and industrial development is concentrated along the major<br />
traffic corridor <strong>of</strong> SR 203, or Main Street, through the area known as Old Town. The higher<br />
plateaus <strong>of</strong> the east side <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> are zoned solely for single family residential and public facility<br />
use, as shown on Figure 3-1.<br />
POPULATION<br />
Household Trends<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> is primarily a residential community comprised largely <strong>of</strong> single-family residences with<br />
most <strong>of</strong> the population commuting to nearby suburban cities for employment. In 2000,<br />
approximately 84 percent <strong>of</strong> these residences were single family, whereas 5 percent were multifamily<br />
and 11 percent were mobile homes. Since 1980, <strong>Duvall</strong> has experienced a slow trend<br />
towards providing more multi-family housing units than single-family housing units and it is<br />
expected that this trend will continue through buildout.<br />
The average household size in <strong>Duvall</strong> was 2.88 persons per household in 2000. The average<br />
household size in all <strong>of</strong> King County was 2.39 persons per household in 2000. The higher<br />
average household size in <strong>Duvall</strong> reflects the higher percentage <strong>of</strong> single-family home base <strong>of</strong><br />
the <strong>Duvall</strong> community. The <strong>City</strong>’s slight decrease from the 1990 average household size <strong>of</strong> 2.93<br />
persons per household suggests <strong>Duvall</strong>’s gradual shift from a rural service center to a suburban<br />
city.<br />
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Land Use and Population<br />
Existing and Future Population<br />
King County has experienced rapid population growth and extensive physical developments in<br />
recent years. The population <strong>of</strong> the County increased more than 15 percent from 1990 to 2000.<br />
The population <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> increased approximately 67 percent during the same period. <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
has been experiencing this rapid growth rate since the late 1970’s. Prior to this, the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
population fluctuated only slightly as the small farming and lumber community’s population<br />
remained under 1,000 people for nearly a century. Table 3-1 illustrates the historical population<br />
growth since 1980.<br />
Table 3-1<br />
Population Trends<br />
Year<br />
Population<br />
Historical<br />
1980 729<br />
1990 2,770<br />
1991 3,012<br />
1992 3,109<br />
1993 3,178<br />
1994 3,247<br />
1995 3,422<br />
1996 3,599<br />
1997 3,813<br />
1998 4,051<br />
1999 4,328<br />
2000 4,616<br />
2001 4,860<br />
2002 5,190<br />
NOTE: The historical population represents the population<br />
within the city limits.<br />
The historical population data shown in the table above represents the population within the<br />
established city limits for each year, whereas projected population data is based on growth<br />
estimates under two scenarios: maximum population and average population growth. The<br />
maximum population projections represent buildout (expected to occur in approximately 2022)<br />
within all areas <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s UGA. These projections assume that development in <strong>Duvall</strong> will<br />
spread into the <strong>City</strong>’s urban reserve area, which is shown in Figure 2-1. The average population<br />
projections assume that growth within the <strong>City</strong> will not occur in the urban reserve area. The<br />
average buildout population in the <strong>City</strong>, therefore, represents growth within the UGA excluding<br />
the urban reserve area. Table 3-2 shows both the average and maximum projected future growth<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>.<br />
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CHAPTER 3<br />
Table 3-2<br />
Population Projections<br />
Population<br />
Year Average Maximum<br />
2008 (+ 6 years) 7,184 7,184<br />
2010 7,494 7,946<br />
2022 (+ 20 years) 9,360 12,516<br />
NOTE: The maximum projected population is based on estimated growth within the current <strong>City</strong><br />
limits and the UGA, including the <strong>City</strong>'s urban reserve area. The average projected population<br />
is based on growth within this same area, however, excludes the urban reserve area.<br />
These population projections, along with the historical per capita water use data presented in<br />
Chapter 4, form the basis for determining the future water demands <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s water system.<br />
This analysis and the results are presented in Chapter 4 – <strong>Water</strong> Demands.<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> Demands 4<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
A detailed analysis <strong>of</strong> system demands is crucial to the planning efforts <strong>of</strong> a water supplier. A<br />
demand analysis first identifies current demands to determine if the existing system can<br />
effectively provide an adequate quantity <strong>of</strong> water to its customers under the most crucial<br />
conditions, in accordance with federal and state laws. A future demand analysis identifies<br />
projected demands to determine how much water will be needed to satisfy future growth <strong>of</strong> the<br />
water system and continue to meet federal and state laws.<br />
The magnitude <strong>of</strong> water demands is typically based on three main factors: 1) population, 2)<br />
weather, and 3) water use classification. Population and weather have the two largest impacts on<br />
water system demands. Population growth has a tendency to increase the annual demand;<br />
whereas, high temperature has a tendency to increase the demand over a short period <strong>of</strong> time.<br />
Population does not solely determine demand because different populations use varying amounts<br />
<strong>of</strong> water. The use varies based on the number <strong>of</strong> users in each type <strong>of</strong> customer class, land use<br />
density, and irrigation practices. <strong>Water</strong> conservation efforts will also impact demands and can<br />
be used to accommodate a portion <strong>of</strong> system growth without increasing a system's supply<br />
capacity.<br />
Demands on the water system determine the size <strong>of</strong> storage reservoirs, supply facilities, water<br />
mains, and treatment facilities. Several different types <strong>of</strong> demands were analyzed and are<br />
addressed in this chapter, including: average day demand, peak day demand, peak hour demand,<br />
fire flow demand, future demands, and a conservation demand reduction forecast. This chapter<br />
also identifies the <strong>City</strong>’s water use data collection requirements and current compliance status.<br />
Certificate <strong>of</strong> <strong>Water</strong> Availability<br />
In accordance with the requirements <strong>of</strong> the Growth Management Act (GMA), a building permit<br />
cannot be issued until water is available. A "Certificate <strong>of</strong> <strong>Water</strong> Availability" (CWA) is issued<br />
by the <strong>City</strong> if there is sufficient water supply to meet the domestic water service and fire flow<br />
requirements <strong>of</strong> the applicant’s proposed project. The requirement for providing evidence <strong>of</strong> an<br />
adequate water supply was codified in 1990 under Title 19.27.097 <strong>of</strong> the Revised Code <strong>of</strong><br />
Washington (RCW) in the Building Code Section. To assist governments with implementing<br />
these requirements, the Department <strong>of</strong> Health has developed a handbook titled Guidelines for<br />
Determining <strong>Water</strong> Availability for New Buildings.<br />
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CHAPTER 4<br />
CURRENT POPULATION AND SERVICE CONNECTIONS<br />
Residential Population Served<br />
The area served by the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> is primarily residential, comprised largely <strong>of</strong> single family<br />
residents, as described in Chapter 3. Approximately 63 percent <strong>of</strong> the land area within the <strong>City</strong> is<br />
currently designated for single family residential use, 3 percent is designated for multi-family<br />
residential use, 6 percent is designated for mixed commercial and residential use, 8 percent is<br />
designated for commercial or industrial use, and 21 percent is designated for public facilities. The<br />
total population <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> in 2002 was approximately 5,190 people. A more detailed<br />
discussion <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s population and household trends is contained in Chapter 3.<br />
In 2002, the <strong>City</strong> provided water service to an average <strong>of</strong> 1,954 customer accounts, <strong>of</strong> which<br />
approximately 1,840 accounts, or 94 percent, were single family residential customers; 34<br />
accounts, or 2 percent, were multi-family residential customers; and 80 accounts, or 4 percent,<br />
were all other customer types.<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Use Classifications<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> has divided all water customers into fourteen different classes for billing purposes. For<br />
planning purposes, the water customers have been combined into four user groups – single<br />
family residential, multi-family residential, commercial and industrial, and government/other.<br />
The government/other group includes the following billing classes: government, schools,<br />
sprinklers, hydrants and group homes. The demand analysis that follows will report on the water<br />
use patterns <strong>of</strong> the four user groups.<br />
EXISTING WATER DEMANDS<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Consumption<br />
<strong>Water</strong> consumption is the amount <strong>of</strong> water used by all customers <strong>of</strong> the system, as measured by<br />
the customers’ meters. Table 4-1 shows the historical average number <strong>of</strong> connections, average<br />
annual consumption, and average daily consumption per connection <strong>of</strong> each customer group<br />
within the <strong>City</strong> from 1995 through 2002.<br />
As shown in Chart 4-1, the single family residential class represents approximately 94 percent<br />
<strong>of</strong> all connections, but only 80 percent <strong>of</strong> total system consumption, as shown in Chart 4-2.<br />
This is due to the lower consumption per connection <strong>of</strong> the single family residential customers as<br />
compared to the other customers.<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> Demands<br />
Table 4-1<br />
Average Annual Metered Consumption and Service Connections<br />
Customer Class<br />
Year Single Family Multi-Family Comm./Indust. Gov't./Other Totals<br />
Average Number <strong>of</strong> Connections<br />
1995 1,056 17 64 6 1,143<br />
1996 1,093 20 67 11 1,190<br />
1997 1,146 20 63 11 1,241<br />
1998 1,266 20 66 12 1,363<br />
1999 1,507 19 63 11 1,600<br />
2000 1,565 19 64 12 1,659<br />
2001 1,666 20 64 13 1,762<br />
2002 1,840 34 65 15 1,954<br />
Average Annual Consumption (gallons)<br />
1995 82,256,812 7,123,204 10,109,220 5,267,416 104,756,652<br />
1996 82,628,568 15,654,144 9,967,100 6,583,148 114,832,960<br />
1997 95,298,192 12,232,792 10,489,204 4,802,160 122,822,348<br />
1998 110,119,064 22,257,488 11,128,744 4,520,912 148,026,208<br />
1999 136,355,912 7,276,544 13,406,404 10,225,160 167,264,020<br />
2000 122,998,876 5,272,652 11,824,384 3,223,880 143,319,792<br />
2001 106,480,792 5,541,184 25,446,960 2,941,136 140,410,072<br />
2002 118,953,692 5,164,192 19,143,564 4,155,140 147,416,588<br />
Average Daily Consumption Per Connection (gal/day/conn)<br />
1995 214 1,158 432 2,233<br />
1996 207 2,190 409 1,591<br />
1997 228 1,676 456 1,161<br />
1998 238 3,049 465 1,054<br />
1999 248 1,045 581 2,606<br />
2000 215 760 508 763<br />
2001 175 772 1,089 628<br />
2002 177 416 807 759<br />
Avg 95-02 1 208 1,240 522 1,301<br />
1 = Average consumption excludes 1998, 1999 and 2001 data.<br />
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CHAPTER 4<br />
Chart 4-1<br />
2002 <strong>Water</strong> Connections by Customer Class<br />
Single Family<br />
94%<br />
Government<br />
Education<br />
1%<br />
Multi-Family<br />
2%<br />
Commercial<br />
Industrial<br />
3%<br />
Chart 4-2<br />
2002 <strong>Water</strong> Consumption by Customer Class<br />
Single Family<br />
80%<br />
Government<br />
Education<br />
3%<br />
Multi-Family<br />
4%<br />
Commercial<br />
Industrial<br />
13%<br />
As shown in Table 4-1, single family residential customers use an average <strong>of</strong> approximately 208<br />
gallons per day per connection, multi-family customers use an average <strong>of</strong> approximately 1,240<br />
gallons per day per connection, commercial and industrial customers use an average <strong>of</strong><br />
approximately 522 gallons per day per connection, and government and other customers use an<br />
average <strong>of</strong> approximately 1,301 gallons per day per connection. The higher consumption <strong>of</strong> the<br />
other customers is expected, since these customers include multi-family residential customers<br />
where one connection typically serves several units, and commercial customers that include the<br />
system’s highest individual water users. The average computation does not include data from<br />
1998, 1999, and 2001, which are years that the data is thought to be somewhat inaccurate, as<br />
described later in the “Unaccounted-for <strong>Water</strong>” section.<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> Demands<br />
Table 4-2 shows the largest water users <strong>of</strong> the system in 2002 and their total amount <strong>of</strong> metered<br />
consumption for the year. The total water consumption <strong>of</strong> these 20 water accounts represented<br />
approximately 8 percent <strong>of</strong> the system’s total consumption in 2002. The list <strong>of</strong> accounts in the<br />
table primarily consists <strong>of</strong> apartment complexes, schools, and businesses.<br />
Table 4-2<br />
2002 Largest <strong>Water</strong> Users<br />
Name Address Annual Consumption (gals)<br />
Riverview School District 29000 NE 150th St 2,644,357<br />
Safeway Inc 14020 Carnation-<strong>Duvall</strong> Rd 1,577,488<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> Market Square 15820 Main St NE 1,050,920<br />
Bill King 15410 Main St NE 800,339<br />
Depot Village M.H.P. 26220 NE Stella St 781,488<br />
Town Center Mini Mart 15410 Main St NE 657,910<br />
Whitfield Plaza 15715 Main St NE 534,497<br />
Ixtapa Restaurant 15329 NE Brown Ave 513,312<br />
Linda/Malcolm Jenkins 15910 1st Ave NE 479,201<br />
K & S Associates 15926 1st Ave NE 439,075<br />
Country Crossing 26525 NE Cherry Valley Rd 420,875<br />
The Park Apartments 16115 4th Ave NE 350,686<br />
Riverview School District Irrigation Connection 319,417<br />
ER Properties 15222 1st Ave NE 296,093<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> Café 15505 Main St NE 293,056<br />
Valley Center 26331 NE Valley St 227,729<br />
Rutledge Chiropractic Care 15435 Main St NE 225,058<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> Plaza 15705 Main St NE 214,548<br />
Sound Property Management 15320 1st Ave NE 201,023<br />
Riverview School District 26701 NE Cherry Valley Rd 197,410<br />
Largest <strong>Water</strong> Users Total 12,224,483<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Total 147,416,588<br />
Percent <strong>of</strong> Total 8%<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-5 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH4 (12/29/04 12:15 PM)
CHAPTER 4<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Supply<br />
<strong>Water</strong> supply is the total amount <strong>of</strong> water supplied to the system, as measured by the meters at<br />
both <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s supply facilities. <strong>Water</strong> supply is different than water consumption in that<br />
water supply is essentially the recorded amount <strong>of</strong> water put into the system and water<br />
consumption is the recorded amount <strong>of</strong> water taken out <strong>of</strong> the system. The measured amount <strong>of</strong><br />
water supply is typically more than the measured amount <strong>of</strong> water consumption, due to water<br />
system leaks and non-metered water uses, which will be described more in the next section.<br />
Since all <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s water is provided by Seattle Public Utilities (SPU), the total amount <strong>of</strong><br />
water supplied in a given year is the same as the total amount <strong>of</strong> water purchased from SPU for<br />
the same time period. Table 4-3 summarizes the total amount <strong>of</strong> water supplied to the system<br />
from 1995 through 2002, the <strong>City</strong>’s average population, and the calculated average day demand<br />
<strong>of</strong> the entire system and on a per capita basis.<br />
Table 4-3<br />
Historical Supply and Per Capita Demands<br />
Average Daily Average Demand<br />
Average Annual Supply Demand Per Capita<br />
Year Population (gallons) (gpm) (gal/day/capita)<br />
1995 3,422 124,144,064 236 99<br />
1996 3,599 125,081,308 238 95<br />
1997 3,813 130,025,588 247 93<br />
1998 4,051 145,696,188 277 99<br />
1999 4,328 144,931,732 276 92<br />
2000 4,616 158,029,960 301 94<br />
2001 4,860 126,222,008 240 71<br />
2002 5,190 151,798,372 289 80<br />
Average 1995 - 2002 1 92<br />
1 = Average demand excludes 1998, 1999 and 2001 data.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> has experienced a trend <strong>of</strong> decreasing per capita water demand since 1995, as shown in<br />
the above table, which is most likely the result <strong>of</strong> water conservation practices. This historical<br />
demand per capita is relatively low compared to other systems in the Puget Sound area. The<br />
<strong>City</strong>’s average per capita demand <strong>of</strong> 92 gallons per day from 1995 through 2002 will be used<br />
later in this chapter to forecast average water demands in future years, based on future<br />
population projections. The average demand computation does not include data from 1998,<br />
1999, and 2001, which are years that the data is thought to be somewhat inaccurate.<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH4 (12/29/04 12:15 PM) 4-6 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> Demands<br />
Table 4-4 shows the average demand <strong>of</strong> each <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s five existing pressure zones, based on<br />
2002 water demand data. Most <strong>of</strong> the water system demand is in the 615 Zone, as shown in the<br />
table.<br />
Table 4-4<br />
2002 Demands by Pressure Zone<br />
2002 Average Daily Percent <strong>of</strong><br />
Pressure Annual Supply Demand Total Demand<br />
Zone (gallons) (gpm) (%)<br />
615 62,295,532 118 41.0%<br />
555 43,431,800 83 28.6%<br />
485 1,535,176 3 1.0%<br />
450 16,361,186 31 10.8%<br />
330 28,174,678 54 18.6%<br />
Total 151,798,372 289 100%<br />
Table 4-5 shows the total annual amount <strong>of</strong> supply from each <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s Tolt supply facilities<br />
from 1993 through 2002. The Tolt 1 Supply Station has supplied an average <strong>of</strong> more than 75<br />
percent <strong>of</strong> the water to the system since 1993.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-7 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH4 (12/29/04 12:15 PM)
CHAPTER 4<br />
Table 4-5<br />
Demands by Supply Facility<br />
Total Supply from Each Facility<br />
Tolt 1 Supply Station Tolt 2 Supply Station Total<br />
Year (gals / % total) (gals / % total) (gals / % total)<br />
1993<br />
1994<br />
1995<br />
1996<br />
1997<br />
1998<br />
1999<br />
2000<br />
2001<br />
2002<br />
71,916,460 21,217,020 93,133,480<br />
77.2% 22.8% 100.0%<br />
87,156,960 42,747,452 129,904,412<br />
67.1% 32.9% 100.0%<br />
89,106,248 35,037,816 124,144,064<br />
71.8% 28.2% 100.0%<br />
95,343,820 29,737,488 125,081,308<br />
76.2% 23.8% 100.0%<br />
86,805,400 43,220,188 130,025,588<br />
66.8% 33.2% 100.0%<br />
115,839,020 29,857,168 145,696,188<br />
79.5% 20.5% 100.0%<br />
112,649,548 32,282,184 144,931,732<br />
77.7% 22.3% 100.0%<br />
157,670,172 359,788 158,029,960<br />
99.8% 0.2% 100.0%<br />
102,086,292 24,135,716 126,222,008<br />
80.9% 19.1% 100.0%<br />
115,753,748 36,044,624 151,798,372<br />
76.3% 23.7% 100.0%<br />
Total (1993 - 2002) 1,034,327,668 294,639,444 1,328,967,112<br />
Percent <strong>of</strong> Total 77.8% 22.2% 100%<br />
Unaccounted-for <strong>Water</strong><br />
The difference between the amount <strong>of</strong> water supply and water consumption is the amount <strong>of</strong><br />
unaccounted-for water. Unaccounted-for water is simply water that is supplied to the system,<br />
but not metered (accounted-for) as it is taken out <strong>of</strong> the system. There are many sources <strong>of</strong><br />
unaccounted-for water in a typical water system including: water system leaks, inaccurate supply<br />
metering, inaccurate customer metering, fire hydrant usage, water main flushing, illegal water<br />
system connections or water use, and malfunctioning telemetry and control equipment resulting<br />
in overflowing <strong>of</strong> reservoirs.<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH4 (12/29/04 12:15 PM) 4-8 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> Demands<br />
The amount <strong>of</strong> unaccounted-for water in the <strong>City</strong>’s system varied significantly from 1995<br />
through 2002, as shown in Table 4-6. Although the <strong>City</strong>’s 1998, 1999, and 2001 supply and<br />
consumption records were reviewed in detail, some <strong>of</strong> the data shown is not accurate, which is<br />
evident from the negative unaccounted-for water values presented in the table. Inaccurate supply<br />
and customer metering or data recording is likely the cause <strong>of</strong> these improbable values. The<br />
unaccounted-for water in these years was consequently disregarded in arriving at the 8.3 percent<br />
average amount <strong>of</strong> unaccounted-for water for the <strong>City</strong>. This average is less than the average<br />
unaccounted-for water <strong>of</strong> most systems in the area.<br />
Table 4-6<br />
Unaccounted-for <strong>Water</strong><br />
Total Supply Total Consumption Unaccounted-for <strong>Water</strong><br />
Year (gallons) (gallons) (%)<br />
1995 124,144,064 104,756,652 15.6%<br />
1996 125,081,308 114,832,960 8.2%<br />
1997 130,025,588 122,822,348 5.5%<br />
1998 145,696,188 148,026,208 -1.6%<br />
1999 144,931,732 167,264,020 -15.4%<br />
2000 158,029,960 143,319,792 9.3%<br />
2001 126,222,008 140,410,072 -11.2%<br />
2002 151,798,372 147,416,588 2.9%<br />
Average 1995 - 2002 1<br />
8.3%<br />
1 = Average unaccounted-for water excludes 1998, 1999 and 2001 data.<br />
Table 4-7 shows an estimated breakdown <strong>of</strong> unaccounted-for water in 2002. The table lists<br />
several types <strong>of</strong> unaccounted-for water that includes unauthorized hydrant and water service use,<br />
permitted hydrant use (for construction purposes), County vactor truck water use, fire fighting,<br />
water main flushing, leaking water mains, reservoir overflows and meter inaccuracies. The<br />
amount <strong>of</strong> water for each classification, except for leaking water mains, was estimated based on<br />
<strong>City</strong> data and estimates. The amount <strong>of</strong> unaccounted-for water attributed to leaking water mains,<br />
reservoir overflows and meter inaccuracies was then assumed to be the remaining portion <strong>of</strong><br />
unaccounted-for water. Some <strong>of</strong> the classifications in Table 4-7, such as fire fighting activities,<br />
permitted hydrant use, water main flushing and County vactor truck, can be considered nonrevenue<br />
accounted-for water when it is accurately recorded. However, the amount <strong>of</strong><br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-9 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH4 (12/29/04 12:15 PM)
CHAPTER 4<br />
unaccounted-for water for each <strong>of</strong> these activities is estimated and was not actually accountedfor.<br />
In the future, the <strong>City</strong> will require improved recordkeeping for these activities.<br />
Table 4-7<br />
Unaccounted-for <strong>Water</strong> Breakdown<br />
2002 Unaccounted-for <strong>Water</strong> Total Amount Unaccounted-for <strong>Water</strong><br />
Classification (gallons) (%)<br />
Unauthorized Hydrant and Service Use 5,000 0.1%<br />
Permitted Hydrant Use 30,000 0.7%<br />
County Vactor Truck 2,500 0.1%<br />
Fire Fighting Activities 500,000 11.4%<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Main Flushing 510,000 11.6%<br />
Leaking <strong>Water</strong> Mains, Reservoir Overflows, Meter Inaccuracies 3,334,284 76.1%<br />
Total 4,381,784 100%<br />
Equivalent Residential Units<br />
The demand <strong>of</strong> each customer class can be expressed in terms <strong>of</strong> equivalent residential units<br />
(ERU’s) for demand forecasting and planning purposes. One ERU is equivalent to the amount<br />
<strong>of</strong> water used by a single family residence. The number <strong>of</strong> ERU’s represented by the demand <strong>of</strong><br />
the other customer classes is determined from the total demand <strong>of</strong> the customer class and the<br />
demand per ERU from the single family residential demand data.<br />
Table 4-8 presents the computed number <strong>of</strong> ERU’s for each customer class from 1995 through<br />
2002. The demands shown are based on supply data that was computed from the consumption<br />
<strong>of</strong> each customer class and the average amount <strong>of</strong> unaccounted-for water from each year.<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH4 (12/29/04 12:15 PM) 4-10 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> Demands<br />
Table 4-8<br />
Equivalent Residential Units (ERU’s)<br />
Average Average Annual<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> Demand Demand per ERU Total<br />
Year Connections (gallons) (gal/day/ERU) ERU's<br />
Single Family Residential<br />
1995 1,056 97,480,157 253 1,056<br />
1996 1,093 90,002,812 226 1,093<br />
1997 1,146 100,887,205 241 1,146<br />
1998 1,266 108,385,725 235 1,266<br />
1999 1,507 118,150,326 215 1,507<br />
2000 1,565 135,623,330 237 1,565<br />
2001 1,666 95,721,191 157 1,666<br />
2002 1,840 122,489,450 182 1,840<br />
Average 1995 - 2002 1 228<br />
Multi-Family Residential<br />
1995 17 8,441,502 253 91<br />
1996 20 17,051,209 226 207<br />
1997 20 12,950,216 241 147<br />
1998 20 21,907,142 235 256<br />
1999 19 6,305,015 215 80<br />
2000 19 5,813,831 237 67<br />
2001 20 4,981,262 157 87<br />
2002 34 5,317,692 182 80<br />
Commercial/Industrial<br />
1995 64 11,980,143 253 130<br />
1996 67 10,856,621 226 132<br />
1997 63 11,104,371 241 126<br />
1998 66 10,953,571 235 128<br />
1999 63 11,616,445 215 148<br />
2000 64 13,038,024 237 150<br />
2001 64 22,875,612 157 398<br />
2002 65 19,712,584 182 296<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-11 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH4 (12/29/04 12:15 PM)
CHAPTER 4<br />
Table 4-8<br />
Equivalent Residential Units (ERU’s) – Continued<br />
Average Average Annual<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> Demand Demand per ERU Total<br />
Year Connections (gallons) (gal/day/ERU) ERU's<br />
Government/Other<br />
1995 6 6,242,262 253 68<br />
1996 11 7,170,666 226 87<br />
1997 11 5,083,795 241 58<br />
1998 12 4,449,750 235 52<br />
1999 11 8,859,946 215 113<br />
2000 12 3,554,775 237 41<br />
2001 13 2,643,942 157 46<br />
2002 15 4,278,647 182 64<br />
<strong>System</strong>-Wide Totals<br />
1995 1,143 124,144,064 253 1,344<br />
1996 1,190 125,081,308 226 1,519<br />
1997 1,241 130,025,588 241 1,478<br />
1998 1,363 145,696,188 235 1,702<br />
1999 1,600 144,931,732 215 1,848<br />
2000 1,659 158,029,960 237 1,823<br />
2001 1,762 126,222,008 157 2,197<br />
2002 1,954 151,798,372 182 2,280<br />
1 = Average demand per ERU excludes 1998, 1999 and 2001 data.<br />
The average demand per ERU from 1995 through 2002 was 228 gallons per day. This is slightly<br />
below the average single family demand for the Puget Sound area that is typically between 250<br />
and 300 gallons per day. The <strong>City</strong>’s average demand per ERU <strong>of</strong> 228 gallons per day will be<br />
used later in this chapter to forecast ERU’s in future years, based on estimated future demands.<br />
This demand per ERU value will also be used to determine the capacity (in terms <strong>of</strong> ERU’s) <strong>of</strong><br />
the <strong>City</strong>’s existing water system in Chapter 7.<br />
Average Day Demand<br />
Average Day Demand (ADD) is the total amount <strong>of</strong> water delivered to the system in a year<br />
divided by the number <strong>of</strong> days in the year. The average day demand is determined from<br />
historical water use patterns <strong>of</strong> the system and can be used to project future demand within the<br />
system. Average day demand data is typically used to determine standby storage requirements<br />
for water systems. Standby storage is the volume <strong>of</strong> a reservoir used to provide water supply<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH4 (12/29/04 12:15 PM) 4-12 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> Demands<br />
under emergency conditions when supply facilities are out <strong>of</strong> service. <strong>Water</strong> supply records<br />
from the <strong>City</strong>’s two supply facilities were reviewed to determine the system’s average day<br />
demand, which is shown in Table 4-3.<br />
Peak Day Demand<br />
Peak Day Demand (PDD) is the maximum amount <strong>of</strong> water used throughout the system during a<br />
24-hour time period <strong>of</strong> a given year. Peak day demand typically occurs on a hot summer day<br />
when lawn watering is occurring throughout much <strong>of</strong> the system. In accordance with WAC 246-<br />
290-230 - Distribution <strong>System</strong>s, the distribution system shall provide fire flow at a minimum<br />
pressure <strong>of</strong> 20 psi during maximum day demand (i.e., peak day demand) conditions. Supply<br />
facilities (i.e., supply stations, booster pump stations, interties) are typically designed to supply<br />
water at a rate that is equal to or greater than the system’s peak day demand.<br />
<strong>Water</strong> supply records and reservoir telemetry reports are typically used to determine a system’s<br />
peak day demand. However, sufficient daily water production and chart recordings <strong>of</strong> reservoir<br />
levels were not available for all <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s supply and storage facilities. Therefore, the<br />
system’s peak day demand could not be computed based on actual system data. Instead, it was<br />
estimated by applying a typical peak day demand/average day demand ratio <strong>of</strong> 2.20 to the<br />
system’s actual average day demand amount. This resulted in an estimated peak day demand <strong>of</strong><br />
636 gpm for 2002, as shown in Table 4-9.<br />
Peak Hour Demand<br />
Peak Hour Demand (PHD) is the maximum amount <strong>of</strong> water used throughout the system,<br />
excluding fire flow, during a one-hour time period <strong>of</strong> a given year. In accordance with WAC<br />
246-290-230 - Distribution <strong>System</strong>s, new public water systems or additions to existing systems<br />
shall be designed to provide domestic water at a minimum pressure <strong>of</strong> 30 psi during peak hour<br />
demand conditions. Equalizing storage requirements are typically based on peak hour demand<br />
data.<br />
The peak hour demand, like the peak day demand, is typically determined from the combined<br />
flow <strong>of</strong> water into the system from all supply sources and reservoirs. Similar to the peak day<br />
demand, sufficient information was not available to calculate the <strong>City</strong>’s peak hour demand based<br />
on actual system data. Therefore, the peak hour demand was estimated based on a typical peak<br />
hour demand/peak day demand ratio <strong>of</strong> 1.80, resulting in a peak hour demand <strong>of</strong> 1,144 gpm for<br />
2002.<br />
Table 4-9 shows the peaking factors <strong>of</strong> the water system based on the average day, peak day,<br />
and peak hour demand data presented above. These peaking factors will be used later in this<br />
chapter, in conjunction with projected average day demands, to forecast future peak day and<br />
peak hour demands <strong>of</strong> the system.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-13 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH4 (12/29/04 12:15 PM)
CHAPTER 4<br />
Table 4-9<br />
Peak Day Demands and Peaking Factors<br />
Peak Day Demand Data<br />
Demand<br />
Demand Type Date (gpm)<br />
Average Day Demand (ADD) 2002 289<br />
Peak Day Demand (PDD) Data unavailable 636<br />
Assumed PDD/ADD = 2.20<br />
Peak Hour Demand (PHD) Data unavailable 1,144<br />
Assumed PHD/PDD = 1.80<br />
Peaking Factors<br />
Description<br />
Factor<br />
Peak Day Demand/Average Day Demand (PDD/ADD) 1 2.20<br />
Peak Hour Demand/Peak Day Demand (PHD/PDD) 1 1.80<br />
Peak Hour Demand/Average Day Demand (PHD/ADD) 3.96<br />
1 = Typical value assumed.<br />
Fire Flow Demand<br />
Fire Flow Demand is the amount <strong>of</strong> water required during fire fighting as defined by applicable<br />
codes. Fire flow requirements are established for individual buildings and expressed in terms <strong>of</strong><br />
flow rate (gpm) and flow duration (hours). Fighting fires imposes the greatest demand on the<br />
water system because a high rate <strong>of</strong> water must be supplied over a short period <strong>of</strong> time, requiring<br />
each component <strong>of</strong> the system to be properly sized and configured to operate at its optimal<br />
condition. Adequate storage and supply is useless if the transmission or distribution system<br />
cannot deliver water at the required rate and pressure necessary to extinguish a fire.<br />
General fire flow requirements were established for the different land use categories to provide a<br />
target level <strong>of</strong> service for planning and sizing future water facilities in areas that are not fully<br />
developed. The general fire flow requirement for each land use category within the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
service area is shown in Table 4-10. The water system analyses presented in Chapter 7 are<br />
based on an evaluation <strong>of</strong> the water system providing sufficient fire flow in accordance with<br />
these general fire flow requirements.<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH4 (12/29/04 12:15 PM) 4-14 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> Demands<br />
Table 4-10<br />
General Fire Flow Requirements<br />
Fire Flow Requirement Flow Duration<br />
Land Use Category (gpm) (hours)<br />
Low Density Residential 1,000 2<br />
Medium Density Residential 1,750 2<br />
High Density Residential 2,500 2<br />
Commecial/Business Park 3,000 3<br />
Light Industrial 3,500 3<br />
Schools 3,500 3<br />
FUTURE WATER DEMANDS<br />
Basis for Projecting Demands<br />
Future demands were calculated from the system's per capita demand data from Table 4-3 and<br />
the projected population data from Chapter 3. Future demand projections were computed for<br />
the average and maximum population projections, with and without a further reduction in water<br />
use from conservation. The existing per capita demand <strong>of</strong> 92 gallons per day was used for all<br />
demand projections without water conservation. The per capita demand was reduced to reflect<br />
the water use reduction goals contained in the <strong>City</strong>’s <strong>Water</strong> Conservation <strong>Plan</strong> and used as the<br />
basis for future water demand projections with the conservation component. The <strong>City</strong>’s <strong>Water</strong><br />
Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>, contained in Appendix F, presents a goal <strong>of</strong> one percent water use reduction<br />
per year from 2003 through the year 2010, which is consistent with the SPU regional water<br />
conservation goals. All cost-effective conservation measures identified in the <strong>Water</strong><br />
Conservation <strong>Plan</strong> will be implemented to achieve this conservation goal.<br />
Applying the <strong>City</strong>’s water use reduction goals to the existing per capita demand <strong>of</strong> 92 gallons per<br />
day results in projected per capita demands with conservation <strong>of</strong> 86 gallons per day in the year<br />
2008 (6-year forecast) and 84 gallons per day in the year 2022 (20-year forecast), as shown in<br />
Table 4-11.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-15 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH4 (12/29/04 12:15 PM)
CHAPTER 4<br />
Table 4-11<br />
Future <strong>Water</strong> Demand Projections<br />
Description<br />
Actual 1<br />
Projected<br />
Average 2<br />
Maximum 3<br />
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2022 2022<br />
(+ 6 yrs) (+ 20 yrs) (+ 20 yrs)<br />
Population Data<br />
Population in <strong>Water</strong> Service Area 4,860 5,190 5,460 5,720 5,992 6,277 6,842 7,184 9,360 12,516<br />
Demand Basis Data (gal/day/capita)<br />
Avg Day Demand without Conservation 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92<br />
Avg Day Demand with Conservation 91 90 89 88 87 86 84 84<br />
Average Day Demand (gpm)<br />
Demand without Conservation 240 289 349 365 383 401 437 459 598 800<br />
Demand with Conservation 345 357 370 384 413 429 546 730<br />
Peak Day Demand (gpm)<br />
Demand without Conservation 528 636 768 803 843 882 961 1,010 1,316 1,760<br />
Demand with Conservation 759 785 814 845 909 944 1,201 1,606<br />
Peak Hour Demand (gpm)<br />
Demand without Conservation 950 1,144 1,382 1,445 1,517 1,588 1,731 1,818 2,368 3,168<br />
Demand with Conservation 1,366 1,414 1,465 1,521 1,635 1,699 2,162 2,891<br />
1 = 2001 and 2002 Peak Day Demand and Peak Hour Demand values are based on actual average day demand amounts for the<br />
given year and typical peaking factors, and do not necessarily represent actual peak demands for these years.<br />
2 = Average demand projections are based on growth within the <strong>City</strong>'s UGA, excluding the urban reserve area.<br />
3 = Maximum demand projections are based on growth within the <strong>City</strong>'s UGA, including the urban reserve area, and start in the<br />
year 2009.<br />
Demand Forecasts and Conservation<br />
Table 4-11 presents the incremental 6-year, 20-year, and buildout development water demand<br />
forecasts for the <strong>City</strong>’s water system. The actual demand data from 2001 and 2002 is also shown<br />
in the table for comparison purposes. The future average day demands were projected based on<br />
population estimates for the given years under both the average and maximum growth scenarios,<br />
and the estimated demand per capita values. The future peak day and peak hour demands shown<br />
were computed from the projected average day demands and the existing system peaking factors<br />
shown in Table 4-9. The future demand projections are also shown with and without estimated<br />
reductions in water use from achieving the conservation goals described earlier.<br />
The analysis and evaluation <strong>of</strong> the existing water system with proposed improvements, as<br />
presented in Chapters 7 and 9, is based on 20-year projected demand data under both the<br />
average and maximum growth scenarios without conservation reductions. This ensures that the<br />
future system will be sized properly to meet all requirements, whether or not additional water use<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH4 (12/29/04 12:15 PM) 4-16 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> Demands<br />
reductions from conservation are achieved. However, the <strong>City</strong> will pursue further reductions in<br />
per capita water use by implementing the <strong>Water</strong> Conservation <strong>Plan</strong> contained in Appendix F.<br />
Table 4-12 presents the projected number <strong>of</strong> equivalent residential units (ERU’s) <strong>of</strong> the system<br />
for 2008 and 2022. The 6-year and 20-year ERU forecasts are based on the projected water<br />
demands from Table 4-11 and the average demand per ERU that was computed from the actual<br />
1995 through 2002 data, as shown in Table 4-8. The historical and projected water demand and<br />
ERU data from Tables 4-11 and 4-12 are also shown graphically in Chart 4-3.<br />
Table 4-12<br />
Future ERU Projections<br />
2008 2022 2008 2022<br />
Projected Projected Projected Projected<br />
Description (+ 6 yrs) (+ 20 yrs) (+ 6 yrs) (+ 20 yrs)<br />
Demand Data (gpm)<br />
Avg Day Demand without Conservation 459 598 459 800<br />
ERU Basis Data (gal/day/ERU)<br />
Demand per ERU without Conservation 228 228 228 228<br />
Equivalent Residential Units (ERU's)<br />
Average 1 Maximum 2<br />
Total <strong>System</strong> ERU's 2,900 3,778 2,900 5,052<br />
1 = Average projections are based on growth within the <strong>City</strong>'s UGA, excluding the urban reserve area.<br />
2 = Maximum projections are based on growth within the <strong>City</strong>'s UGA, including the urban reserve area.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-17 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH4 (12/29/04 12:15 PM)
CHAPTER 4<br />
Chart 4-3<br />
Future <strong>Water</strong> Demand and ERU Projections<br />
1,800<br />
10,000<br />
Peak Day Demand (gpm)<br />
1,600<br />
1,400<br />
1,200<br />
1,000<br />
800<br />
600<br />
400<br />
200<br />
0<br />
1997<br />
1998<br />
Existing - 2002<br />
1999<br />
2000<br />
2001<br />
2002<br />
2003<br />
2004<br />
2005<br />
2006<br />
2007<br />
2008<br />
2009<br />
Maximum Peak Day Demand without Conservation<br />
Maximum Peak Day Demand with Conservation<br />
Maximum Equivalent Residential Units<br />
+ 6 years - 2008<br />
2010<br />
Year<br />
+ 20 years - 2022<br />
2011<br />
2012<br />
2013<br />
2014<br />
2015<br />
2016<br />
2017<br />
2018<br />
2019<br />
2020<br />
2021<br />
2022<br />
Average Peak Day Demand without Conservation<br />
Average Peak Day Demand with Conservation<br />
Average Equivalent Residential Units<br />
9,000<br />
8,000<br />
7,000<br />
6,000<br />
5,000<br />
4,000<br />
3,000<br />
2,000<br />
1,000<br />
0<br />
Equivalent Residential Units (ERU's)<br />
WATER USE DATA COLLECTION<br />
Requirements and Compliance Status<br />
In an effort to promote water use efficiency, a document titled Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>ning<br />
Requirements was prepared by the Department <strong>of</strong> Ecology, Department <strong>of</strong> Health, and the<br />
Washington <strong>Water</strong> Utilities Council in 1994. A part <strong>of</strong> this document addresses water use data<br />
collection requirements for public water systems. It identifies the minimum data required to<br />
project water demand and to provide a basis for evaluating the effectiveness <strong>of</strong> conservation<br />
programs. At least five years <strong>of</strong> continuous water use data is required. The <strong>City</strong> has collected<br />
and kept on file more than five years <strong>of</strong> data, which is presented earlier in this chapter.<br />
The water use data collection requirements vary, depending on the size <strong>of</strong> the water system. The<br />
water use data for the <strong>City</strong> is presented in the tables <strong>of</strong> this chapter and discussed throughout.<br />
The following identifies the water use data requirements for the <strong>City</strong> and the <strong>City</strong>’s status <strong>of</strong><br />
compliance in meeting these requirements.<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> Demands<br />
Source <strong>of</strong> Supply Meter Readings<br />
Requirement: Read meters daily. Record monthly and annual totals.<br />
Compliance Status: <strong>Water</strong> supply to the <strong>City</strong> is currently provided by its two supply facilities<br />
that have connections to SPU’s Tolt Pipeline No. 1. Each supply facility has a SPU meter that is<br />
connected to SPU’s telemetry system and the <strong>City</strong>’s telemetry system. Flows are being recorded<br />
continuously on each telemetry system. The <strong>City</strong> is currently tabulating monthly totals <strong>of</strong> water<br />
purchased and providing annual reports to SPU. Likewise, SPU provides monthly supply reports<br />
to the <strong>City</strong>, based on the recorded readings <strong>of</strong> the meters.<br />
Peak Day/Peak Month<br />
Requirement: Record each year’s peak day and peak month totals.<br />
Compliance Status: The <strong>City</strong> has been recording peak day and peak month demand data from<br />
the <strong>City</strong>’s telemetry reports and water usage reports provided by SPU.<br />
Non-Revenue Unaccounted-for <strong>Water</strong><br />
Requirement: Record annual totals.<br />
Compliance Status: Non-revenue unaccounted-for water is determined from the annual supply,<br />
consumption, and non-revenue accounted-for water data. The <strong>City</strong> has calculated this<br />
occasionally in the past; however, will now begin computing it on a more frequent, annual basis.<br />
Non-Revenue Accounted-for <strong>Water</strong><br />
Requirement: Record annual totals.<br />
Compliance Status: Non-revenue accounted-for water is metered water that is used for<br />
construction projects, water main flushing, and various other purposes. The <strong>City</strong> has recorded<br />
water used for construction projects, but not water used for flushing.<br />
Customer Service Meters<br />
Requirement: a) Record monthly totals. Monthly totals may be estimated if water usage is<br />
billed less frequently; b) Record usage for the following classes: single family, multi-family,<br />
commercial, industrial, government, and agricultural. If different classes <strong>of</strong> users are used,<br />
include in water system plan, a timetable for when data will be collected for customer classes<br />
that is consistent with the above requirements.<br />
Compliance Status: All customer service meters are currently read every month and the <strong>City</strong><br />
has grouped all customers into several classes that meet the requirements stated above.<br />
Population Served<br />
Requirement: Record annually the estimated number <strong>of</strong> customers and connections served in<br />
the residential classes and the number <strong>of</strong> connections served in each <strong>of</strong> the other classes.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-19 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH4 (12/29/04 12:15 PM)
CHAPTER 4<br />
Compliance Status: The <strong>City</strong> has been recording the total number <strong>of</strong> connections in each<br />
customer class and population estimates on an annual basis as part <strong>of</strong> the annual reporting<br />
required by SPU.<br />
Economic Data<br />
Requirement: Record existing water rates for each customer class.<br />
Compliance Status: The <strong>City</strong> has established water rates for each <strong>of</strong> the customer classes. The<br />
existing water rates information is contained in Chapter 10 <strong>of</strong> this plan.<br />
Conservation Data<br />
Requirement: Record annually the type <strong>of</strong> measure, the level <strong>of</strong> implementation, the duration <strong>of</strong><br />
the measure, and the date at which they began.<br />
Compliance Status: The <strong>City</strong>’s <strong>Water</strong> Conservation <strong>Plan</strong> is included in Appendix F <strong>of</strong> this<br />
plan.<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Use Data Collection Improvements<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s current data collection program meets the requirements <strong>of</strong> several, but not all <strong>of</strong> the<br />
data collection items listed above. The <strong>City</strong> plans to attain full compliance status through<br />
implementation <strong>of</strong> the following data collection improvements.<br />
• Require metering <strong>of</strong> all non-revenue water usage for water main flushing, street cleaning,<br />
etc. Record this water usage on an annual or more frequent basis.<br />
• Implement the <strong>Water</strong> Conservation <strong>Plan</strong> in Appendix F and maintain records <strong>of</strong> the<br />
conservation measures, as required above.<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH4 (12/29/04 12:15 PM) 4-20 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Policies and Design Criteria<br />
5<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> (<strong>City</strong>) operates and plans water service for <strong>City</strong> residents according to the<br />
design criteria, laws, and policies that originate from the following seven sources, listed in<br />
descending order from those with the broadest authority to the most narrow.<br />
Agency<br />
U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Health & Human Services<br />
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency<br />
Washington State Department <strong>of</strong> Health<br />
Washington State Department <strong>of</strong> Ecology<br />
King County Council<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>City</strong> Council<br />
American <strong>Water</strong> Works Association<br />
Design Criteria/Laws/Policies<br />
Federal Regulations<br />
Federal Regulations<br />
State Regulations<br />
State Regulations<br />
County Regulations<br />
Administrative Policies<br />
Design Criteria<br />
These laws, design criteria, and policies guide the <strong>City</strong>'s operation and maintenance <strong>of</strong> the water<br />
system on a daily basis and its planning for growth and improvements. Their overall objective is<br />
to ensure the <strong>City</strong> provides high quality water service at a minimum cost to its customers. They<br />
also set the standards that the <strong>City</strong> must meet to ensure the water supply is adequate to meet<br />
existing and future water demands <strong>of</strong> the system. The system's ability to meet these demands is<br />
detailed in Chapter 7 and the recommended improvements are identified in Chapter 9.<br />
The highest three governmental entities establishing policies and laws – U.S. Government,<br />
Washington State and King County Council – establish requirements in statutes, regulations or<br />
ordinances. The <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>City</strong> Council and Mayor adopt policies that cannot be less stringent or in<br />
conflict with those established by governments above them. The <strong>City</strong>’s policies take the form <strong>of</strong><br />
ordinances, memoranda and operation procedures, many <strong>of</strong> which are summarized in this<br />
chapter.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 5-1 DUV\102-081\<strong>Plan</strong>\WCPCH5 12/29/04 12:18 PM
CHAPTER 5<br />
The policies associated with the following categories are presented in this chapter:<br />
• Supply<br />
• Customer Service<br />
• Facilities<br />
• Finance<br />
• Organization<br />
SUPPLY POLICIES<br />
Quality Protection<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> will pursue steps to meet or exceed all water quality laws and standards.<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> will take all reasonable measures to protect its system and customers.<br />
Cross-Connection Control<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> has a responsibility to protect the public water system from contamination due to<br />
cross-connections. Cross-connections which can be eliminated will be eliminated.<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> has a cross-connection control program for eliminating cross-connections. A copy<br />
<strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> Cross-Connection Control <strong>Plan</strong> is contained in Appendix G.<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> has staff that is certified for backflow prevention and testing.<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> will comply with the backflow prevention assembly installation and testing<br />
requirements as indicated in WAC 246-290-490 and as published in the manual entitled,<br />
Cross Connection Control Manual Accepted Procedure and Practice – Pacific Northwest<br />
Section – American <strong>Water</strong> Works Association (AWWA).<br />
Quantity<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> currently utilizes supply from the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> Seattle Tolt River transmission pipeline to<br />
supply all customers within the <strong>City</strong>’s service area.<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> will plan for at least 20 years into the future, so that future water resource<br />
limitations can be handled effectively.<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> will ensure that the capacity <strong>of</strong> the system, including supply sources, pump stations,<br />
and transmission mains, is sufficient to meet the peak day demand <strong>of</strong> the system.<br />
DUV\102-081\<strong>Plan</strong>\WCPCH5 12/29/04 12:18 PM 5-2 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Policies and Design Criteria<br />
Fire Flow<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will plan to provide the following minimum fire flows:<br />
Low Density Residential: 1,000 gpm for 2 hours duration<br />
Medium Density Residential: 1,750 gpm for 2 hours duration<br />
High Density Residential: 2,500 gpm for 2 hours duration<br />
Commercial/Business Park: 3,000 gpm for 3 hours duration<br />
Light Industrial:<br />
3,500 gpm for 3 hours duration<br />
Schools:<br />
3,500 gpm for 3 hours duration<br />
Conservation<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> will promote the efficient and responsible use <strong>of</strong> water and will conserve water<br />
during a water shortage.<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> has a water conservation plan. A copy <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Water</strong> Conservation<br />
<strong>Plan</strong> is contained in Appendix F.<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> has a water shortage contingency plan. A copy <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Water</strong><br />
Shortage Response <strong>Plan</strong> is contained in Appendix H.<br />
Regional Participation<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> will participate in regional supply management and planning activities to reduce<br />
cost <strong>of</strong> service and to improve reliability, water quality and quantity.<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> will supply all customers within the <strong>City</strong>’s water service area boundary, as<br />
determined by the <strong>City</strong> Engineer.<br />
CUSTOMER SERVICE POLICIES<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Service and Connection<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> will strive to provide potable water service to all people within the city limits and<br />
designated water service area, provided all policies related to service can be met.<br />
• All proposed developments within the city limits and designated water service area will<br />
connect directly to the <strong>City</strong>’s water system, unless deemed unfeasible by the <strong>City</strong> at the time<br />
<strong>of</strong> the request.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 5-3 DUV\102-081\<strong>Plan</strong>\WCPCH5 12/29/04 12:18 PM
CHAPTER 5<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> system extensions required to provide water service to proposed developments will be<br />
approved by the Department <strong>of</strong> Public Works and must conform to the <strong>City</strong>’s adopted design<br />
criteria, and construction standards and specifications, as shown in the <strong>City</strong>’s <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong><br />
Construction Standards contained in Appendix I. All costs <strong>of</strong> the extension will be borne by<br />
the developer.<br />
• Requests for new water service will be processed by the <strong>City</strong>’s permit coordinator in<br />
accordance with Section 9.02.020, <strong>Duvall</strong> Municipal Code. Applications must be received at<br />
least one week prior to connection <strong>of</strong> water service. Once applications are received by the<br />
permit coordinator, the location <strong>of</strong> the proposed service will be reviewed to ensure it is<br />
within the <strong>City</strong>’s retail water service area and will be evaluated to determine fire flow<br />
availability, meter size and improvements necessary for adequate water pressure, fire flow,<br />
looping or extensions. The adequacy <strong>of</strong> water system capacity to serve the applicant’s<br />
property will also be evaluated at this time. New water service applications will be<br />
processed within one week <strong>of</strong> receipt <strong>of</strong> application and associated fees.<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> will determine whether adequate water system capacity is available to serve the<br />
applicant’s property, based on available capacity from supply, storage and transmission.<br />
This will be accomplished through the ongoing tracking <strong>of</strong> equivalent residential units served<br />
by the <strong>City</strong> in comparison to the maximum number <strong>of</strong> equivalent residential units that can be<br />
served by the system, as computed in Chapter 7 <strong>of</strong> this <strong>Plan</strong>.<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> availability certifications will expire at the time that the associated building permit<br />
expires or in the event that the water service is not made ready by the applicant for<br />
connection by the <strong>City</strong> within 120 days <strong>of</strong> the approval <strong>of</strong> the water service application.<br />
• Time extensions in regards to water availability will be granted in accordance with the<br />
associated building permit requirements. When extensions are denied, a written notice <strong>of</strong><br />
appeal, together with an appeal filing fee, may be submitted in person to the Permit Center.<br />
Appeals must be made within the time period specified under the requirements <strong>of</strong> the<br />
associated permit and in accordance with Section 14.08, <strong>Duvall</strong> Municipal Code.<br />
• Delays resulting from non-technical conditions that affect the <strong>City</strong>’s ability to provide new<br />
water service will be the responsibility <strong>of</strong> the applicant. These conditions include, but are<br />
not limited to, environmental assessments, local ordinances and annexation procedures.<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> service can be extended outside <strong>of</strong> the city limits and within the UGA as long as the<br />
project is in compliance with the <strong>City</strong>’s adopted land use plan, zoning and development<br />
regulations and a statement <strong>of</strong> intention to annex to the <strong>City</strong> is signed by the property owner.<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> service can be extended outside <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s UGA and within the <strong>City</strong>’s retail water<br />
service area, if the project is in compliance with King County’s adopted land use plan,<br />
zoning and development regulations and a statement <strong>of</strong> intention to annex to the <strong>City</strong> is<br />
signed by the owner <strong>of</strong> the property requesting water service.<br />
DUV\102-081\<strong>Plan</strong>\WCPCH5 12/29/04 12:18 PM 5-4 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Policies and Design Criteria<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> service to areas outside <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s retail water service area boundary will be<br />
coordinated with adjacent water purveyors and the Department <strong>of</strong> Health, and evaluated on a<br />
case by case basis by the <strong>City</strong> Council. <strong>Water</strong> service to these areas shall be in compliance<br />
with King County’s adopted land use plan, zoning and development regulations.<br />
Annexations<br />
• Areas annexed without existing municipal supply will be served by the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
• Areas annexed with existing municipal supply will be upgraded to <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> water<br />
standards within a reasonable amount <strong>of</strong> time.<br />
Temporary Services<br />
No temporary service is allowed, unless there are plans for permanent water service that meets<br />
all <strong>City</strong> standards.<br />
Emergency Service<br />
• Compliance with standards may be deferred for emergency water service.<br />
• Policy criteria may be waived for emergency service.<br />
<strong>Plan</strong>ning Boundaries<br />
For planning purposes, the <strong>City</strong> will use water service boundaries established by agreement as a<br />
result <strong>of</strong> the regional coordinated water system plan (East King County Coordinated <strong>Water</strong><br />
<strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>).<br />
FACILITY POLICIES<br />
This section describes the planning criteria and policies used to establish an acceptable hydraulic<br />
behavior level and a standard <strong>of</strong> quality for the water system. Additional criteria are contained<br />
in the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Construction Standards, a copy which is included in<br />
Appendix I <strong>of</strong> this <strong>Plan</strong>.<br />
Minimum Standards<br />
• All proposed developments within the <strong>City</strong>’s existing and future service areas shall conform<br />
to the <strong>City</strong>’s adopted design criteria, construction standards and specifications.<br />
• All projects within unincorporated King County right-<strong>of</strong>-way must be designed and<br />
constructed in accordance with the King County Road Standards and must be inspected and<br />
approved by King County Utility Inspection.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 5-5 DUV\102-081\<strong>Plan</strong>\WCPCH5 01/07/05 4:23 PM
CHAPTER 5<br />
Pressure<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> will endeavor to maintain a minimum pressure <strong>of</strong> 40 pounds per square inch (psi) at<br />
customer meters during normal demand conditions, excluding a fire or emergency.<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> will endeavor to maintain a maximum pressure <strong>of</strong> 120 psi in the water mains during<br />
normal demand conditions, excluding pressure surges. Individual residences are responsible<br />
for reducing pressures over 80 psi.<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> will endeavor to maintain a minimum pressure <strong>of</strong> 30 psi at customer meters during<br />
all demand conditions, excluding a fire or emergency.<br />
• During fire conditions, the minimum pressure at customer meters and throughout the<br />
remainder <strong>of</strong> the system will be 20 psi.<br />
• During a failure <strong>of</strong> any part <strong>of</strong> the system, the maximum pressure will not exceed 150 psi.<br />
Velocities<br />
• During normal demand conditions, the velocity <strong>of</strong> water in a water main should be less than<br />
5 feet per second (fps).<br />
• During emergency conditions, such as a fire, and for design purposes, the velocity <strong>of</strong> water in<br />
a water main may exceed 5 fps, but may not exceed 8 fps.<br />
Storage<br />
• Storage within the distribution system must be <strong>of</strong> sufficient capacity to supplement supply<br />
when system demands are greater than the supply capacity (equalizing storage) and still<br />
maintain sufficient storage for proper pump operation (operational storage), fire suppression<br />
(fire flow storage), and other emergency conditions (standby storage).<br />
• Standby storage must be stored above the elevation that yields a 20 psi service pressure to all<br />
services in the zone under peak hour demand conditions.<br />
• Fire flow storage must be stored above the elevation that yields a 20 psi service pressure to<br />
all services in the zone under peak day demand conditions.<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> will provide sufficient standby storage for an emergency condition in which a major<br />
supply source is out <strong>of</strong> service. The volume <strong>of</strong> storage will be sufficient to maintain<br />
uninterrupted supply to the system during the emergency condition.<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> will provide sufficient storage for a fire condition equal to the system’s maximum<br />
fire protection water demand and the required duration.<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> will have high-water level and low-water level alarms at the Operations and<br />
Maintenance <strong>of</strong>fice.<br />
DUV\102-081\<strong>Plan</strong>\WCPCH5 12/29/04 12:18 PM 5-6 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Policies and Design Criteria<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> level indicators will be located at the Operations and Maintenance <strong>of</strong>fice.<br />
• Storage facilities will be located in areas where they will satisfy the following requirements:<br />
1. Minimize fluctuations in system pressure during normal demands.<br />
2. Maximize use <strong>of</strong> the storage facilities during fires and peak demands.<br />
3. Improve the reliability <strong>of</strong> supply to the <strong>City</strong>’s water system.<br />
Transmission and Distribution<br />
• Where practical, transmission and distribution mains will be looped to improve water quality<br />
and increase reliability, fire flow capacity and decrease head losses.<br />
• All mains will comply with the generally recognized design criteria from the AWWA and<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Health guidelines that follow.<br />
1. All new construction will be in accordance with the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong><br />
Construction Standards, a copy <strong>of</strong> which is included in Appendix I <strong>of</strong> this plan.<br />
2. Distribution system design assumes that adequately sized service lines will be used.<br />
All residential service lines will be one-inch or larger. Service lines will be the same<br />
size as the meter or larger.<br />
3. The minimum diameter <strong>of</strong> distribution mains will be eight inches. <strong>Water</strong> mains not<br />
required to carry fire flow, as determined by the <strong>City</strong>, may be six inches in diameter.<br />
All water mains will be ductile iron pipe.<br />
4. All new distribution mains will be sized by a hydraulic analysis.<br />
5. All new mains providing fire flow will be sized to provide the required fire flow at a<br />
minimum residual pressure <strong>of</strong> 20 psi and maximum pipeline velocity <strong>of</strong> eight feet per<br />
second during peak day demand conditions. In general, new water mains that will<br />
carry fire flow in residential areas shall be a minimum <strong>of</strong> eight inches in diameter,<br />
and looped for multi-family residential developments. New water mains in<br />
commercial, business park, industrial, and school areas shall be a minimum <strong>of</strong> twelve<br />
inches in diameter, and looped.<br />
6. Valve installations will satisfy the following criteria:<br />
a. Zone valves will be located at all pressure zone boundaries to allow future<br />
pressure zone realignment without the need for additional pipe construction.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 5-7 DUV\102-081\<strong>Plan</strong>\WCPCH5 12/29/04 12:18 PM
CHAPTER 5<br />
b. Isolation valves will be installed in the lines to allow individual pipelines to<br />
be shut down for repair or installing services. Unless it is impractical to do<br />
so, the distance between isolation valves will not exceed 1,000 feet. A<br />
minimum <strong>of</strong> three valves will be provided per cross and two valves per tee.<br />
c. Air/vacuum release valves will be placed at all high points or “crowns” in all<br />
pipelines.<br />
d. Blow<strong>of</strong>f assemblies shall be located at main dead ends where there is not a<br />
fire hydrant. If a water main extension is expected in the future, the blow<strong>of</strong>f<br />
assembly shall have a valve the same size as the main with concrete thrust<br />
blocking.<br />
e. Individual pressure reducing or check valves must be installed in all new<br />
customer service lines in the <strong>City</strong>. The Uniform Plumbing Code requires<br />
pressure reducing valves on customer service lines if pressures are greater<br />
than 80 psi. Pressure reducing valves protect customers from high pressures<br />
in case a mainline pressure reducing station fails. Check valves prevent hot<br />
water tanks from emptying into the water system when the water main is<br />
empty or when the pressure in the main is less than the pressure in the tank,<br />
and prevent contamination <strong>of</strong> the system mains caused by possible crossconnections<br />
in the customer's pipes or fixtures.<br />
7. Fire hydrant installations will satisfy the following criteria:<br />
a. Fire hydrants serving detached single family dwellings or duplex dwellings on<br />
individual lots will be located not more than 600 feet on center such that all<br />
single family lots are within 300 feet from a fire hydrant, as measured along<br />
the path <strong>of</strong> vehicular access.<br />
b. Fire hydrants serving any use other than detached single family dwellings or<br />
duplex dwellings on individual lots will be located not more than 300 feet on<br />
center, and will be located so that at least one hydrant is located within 150<br />
feet <strong>of</strong> all structures, but not closer than 50 feet, unless approved by the<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> Fire Department.<br />
c. Hydrants located in dead-end areas or cul-de-sacs shall service an area <strong>of</strong> no<br />
more than 120,000 square feet.<br />
d. One fire hydrant shall be installed per intersection.<br />
e. The <strong>Duvall</strong> Fire Department will review all proposed fire hydrant installations<br />
to ensure the correct number, location, and spacing <strong>of</strong> fire hydrants for each<br />
project.<br />
DUV\102-081\<strong>Plan</strong>\WCPCH5 12/29/04 12:18 PM 5-8 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Policies and Design Criteria<br />
Supply and Booster Pump Stations<br />
• All existing and future supply and booster pump stations will be modified/constructed to<br />
comply with the following minimum standards.<br />
1. All structures will be non-combustible, where practical;<br />
2. All buildings will have adequate heating, cooling, ventilation, insulation, lighting, and<br />
work spaces necessary for on-site operation and repair;<br />
3. Sites will be fenced to reduce vandalism and <strong>City</strong> liability, where appropriate;<br />
4. Each station will be equipped with a flow meter and all necessary instrumentation to<br />
assist personnel in operating and troubleshooting the facility;<br />
5. Emergency power capability will be provided to at least one booster pump station<br />
supplying each pressure zone.<br />
• Pumps will be operated automatically with flexibility in pump start/stop settings.<br />
• Stations will be operated with the provision for at least two methods <strong>of</strong> control to minimize<br />
system vulnerability.<br />
• Manual override <strong>of</strong> stations will be provided for and located at the Operations and<br />
Maintenance <strong>of</strong>fice using the <strong>City</strong>’s telemetry and supervisory control system.<br />
• Stations will be monitored with alarms for the following conditions:<br />
1. Pump started automatically or manually;<br />
2. Power phase failure;<br />
3. Communication failure;<br />
4. <strong>Water</strong> in structure;<br />
5. Low suction pressure; and<br />
6. High discharge pressure.<br />
• Stations will have the following indicators:<br />
1. Local flow indication and totalizing;<br />
2. Flow indication and totalizing at the Operations and Maintenance <strong>of</strong>fice; and<br />
3. Recording <strong>of</strong> combined supply flow to the system.<br />
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CHAPTER 5<br />
• Stations will be placed wherever necessary to fulfill the following criteria:<br />
1. Provide supply redundancy to a pressure zone;<br />
2. Improve the hydraulic characteristics <strong>of</strong> a pressure zone;<br />
3. Maximize storage availability and transmission capacity; and<br />
4. Improve water quality (i.e., increase circulation) and quantity.<br />
Pressure Reducing Stations<br />
• All pressure reducing valves will be placed in vaults that are large enough to provide ample<br />
work space for field inspection and valve repair.<br />
• Vaults will drain to daylight or be equipped with sump pumps to prevent vault flooding.<br />
• Pressure relief valves will be provided on the low-pressure side <strong>of</strong> the pressure reducing<br />
valves to prevent system over-pressurizing in case <strong>of</strong> a pressure reducing valve failure and<br />
will be sized by hydraulic analysis.<br />
Control<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s control system must be capable <strong>of</strong> efficiently operating the water system's<br />
components in accordance with this <strong>Plan</strong> and in response to reservoir levels, system pressures,<br />
abnormal system conditions, electrical power rate structure, and water costs. The system must<br />
be reliable and kept up to date to avoid disruption <strong>of</strong> customer water service and maintain<br />
efficient use <strong>of</strong> water supplies.<br />
Maintenance<br />
• Facility and equipment breakdown is given highest maintenance priority. Emergency repairs<br />
will be made even if overtime labor is involved.<br />
• Equipment will be scheduled for replacement when it becomes obsolete and as funding is<br />
available.<br />
• Worn parts will be repaired, replaced, or rebuilt before they represent a high failure<br />
probability.<br />
• Spare parts will be stocked for all equipment items whose failure will impact the ability to<br />
meet other policy standards.<br />
• Equipment that is out <strong>of</strong> service will be returned to service as soon as possible.<br />
• A preventive maintenance schedule will be established for all facilities, equipment, and<br />
processes.<br />
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Policies and Design Criteria<br />
• Tools will be obtained and maintained to repair all items whose failure will impact the ability<br />
to meet other policy standards.<br />
• Dry, heated shop space will be available for maintenance personnel to maintain facilities.<br />
• All maintenance personnel will be trained to efficiently perform their job descriptions.<br />
• Maintenance will be performed by the water maintenance staff and supervised by the <strong>City</strong><br />
Engineer.<br />
• Written records and reports will be maintained on each facility and item <strong>of</strong> equipment<br />
showing operation and maintenance history.<br />
Joint Use<br />
• All joint use facilities (with other public water systems) must comply with the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
policy and design standards.<br />
• All joint use facilities will be maintained by the <strong>Water</strong> Department.<br />
• Joint use facilities will be pursued in those areas that improve reliability or reduce operating<br />
costs.<br />
FINANCIAL POLICIES<br />
General<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> will set rates that comply with standards established by the AWWA.<br />
• Rates and additional charges established for the <strong>City</strong> should be:<br />
1. Cost-based rates that recover current, historical, and future costs associated with the<br />
<strong>City</strong>’s water system and services;<br />
2. Equitable charges to recover costs from customers, commensurate with the benefits<br />
they receive; and<br />
3. Adequate and stable source <strong>of</strong> funds to cover the current and future cash needs <strong>of</strong> the<br />
<strong>City</strong>.<br />
• Existing customers <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> will pay the direct and indirect costs <strong>of</strong> operating and<br />
maintaining the facilities through user rates. In addition, the user rates will include debt<br />
service incurred to finance the capital assets <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
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CHAPTER 5<br />
• New customers seeking to connect to the water system will be required to pay a connection<br />
charge for an equitable share <strong>of</strong> the historical cost <strong>of</strong> the system and for the system's capital<br />
improvement program (CIP). Connection charge revenues will be used to fund the CIP in<br />
conjunction with rate revenue.<br />
• New and existing customers will be charged for extra services through separate ancillary<br />
charges based on the costs to provide the services. Ancillary charges can increase<br />
equitability, as well as increase operating efficiency by discouraging unnecessary demand for<br />
services. The charges should be reviewed regularly and updated annually based on<br />
increases in the Consumer Price Index. Revenue from ancillary charges will be used to<br />
finance annual operations and maintenance.<br />
• The <strong>City</strong> will maintain information systems that provide sufficient financial and statistical<br />
information to ensure conformance with rate-setting policies and objectives.<br />
• User charges must be sufficient to provide cash for the expenses <strong>of</strong> operating and<br />
maintaining the system. To ensure the fiscal and physical integrity <strong>of</strong> the utility, each year<br />
an amount should also be set aside and retained for capital expenditures, which will cover<br />
some portion <strong>of</strong> the depreciation <strong>of</strong> the physical plant. The amount may be transferred from<br />
the Maintenance Fund to the Construction Fund for general purposes or for specific<br />
purposes.<br />
• A Working Capital Reserve will be maintained to cover unanticipated emergencies and<br />
fluctuations in cash flow. The <strong>City</strong> will maintain a cash reserve for the Maintenance Fund.<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> rates will be based on either the Base-Extra Capacity Method or the Commodity-<br />
Demand Method. Both methods strive to equitably charge customers with different service<br />
requirements based on the cost <strong>of</strong> providing the water service. Service requirements relate to<br />
the total volume <strong>of</strong> water used, peak rates <strong>of</strong> use, and other factors.<br />
• Fees and charges are calculated for the service area as a whole. Rates will be the same<br />
regardless <strong>of</strong> service location for existing customers. Rates charged in annexed areas will be<br />
evaluated on an individual basis by the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
Connection Charges<br />
• Owners <strong>of</strong> properties that have not been assessed, charged, or borne an equitable share <strong>of</strong> the<br />
cost <strong>of</strong> the water system will pay one or more <strong>of</strong> the following connection charges prior to<br />
connection to a water main.<br />
1. Latecomers Fees: Latecomers fees are negotiated with developers and property<br />
owners; they provide for the reimbursement <strong>of</strong> a pro rata portion <strong>of</strong> the original cost<br />
<strong>of</strong> water system extensions and facilities.<br />
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Policies and Design Criteria<br />
2. General Facilities Charge: The connection charge will be assessed against any<br />
property that has not participated in the development <strong>of</strong> the water system. Meter<br />
charges, or hookup fees, are additional in order to recover the cost <strong>of</strong> meter and<br />
service line installation.<br />
3. Developer Extension Charges: These charges are for the administration, review, and<br />
inspection <strong>of</strong> developer extension projects.<br />
ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES<br />
Staffing<br />
• Personnel certification will comply with state standards.<br />
• The <strong>Water</strong> Department will promote staff training.<br />
Relationship with Other Departments<br />
• The Finance Department is responsible for customer billing, payment collection, project cost<br />
accounting, fund activity reporting, employee records, union labor negotiations and salary<br />
schedules.<br />
• The Police Department is responsible for enforcing violations <strong>of</strong> <strong>City</strong> water ordinances.<br />
• The Fire Department uses water utility facilities for fire protection and establishes fire flow<br />
requirements.<br />
• The Fire Department is responsible for emergency responses to hazardous events at water<br />
system facilities.<br />
• The Fire Department is responsible for hydrant fire flow testing.<br />
• Fire hydrant testing is performed jointly by the Fire Department and the <strong>Water</strong> Department.<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> Source and Quality<br />
6<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
The two basic objectives <strong>of</strong> a water system are to provide sufficient water quantity to meet<br />
demands and to provide high quality water. Chapter 7 discusses the <strong>City</strong>’s ability to supply a<br />
sufficient quantity <strong>of</strong> water. This chapter discusses the <strong>City</strong>’s existing water source, water<br />
quality issues, and water quality monitoring results.<br />
EXISTING WATER SOURCES<br />
Supply Arrangement<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> has received its water from Seattle Public Utilities (SPU) since 1962. SPU<br />
supplies water to its direct retail service customers and to 28 neighboring suburban cities and<br />
special water districts that are wholesale customers <strong>of</strong> SPU. The supply <strong>of</strong> wholesale water from<br />
SPU to the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> is provided under the terms <strong>of</strong> the 1981 <strong>Water</strong> Purveyor Contract and<br />
its subsequent amendments. The <strong>City</strong>’s contract with SPU will remain in effect until 2012, when<br />
it may be extended in 15-year increments.<br />
The water purveyor contract identifies the minimum hydraulic gradient that SPU must maintain<br />
for water supply at each <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s supply facilities, as shown below in Table 6-1.<br />
Table 6-1<br />
SPU Contractual Minimum Supply Heads<br />
Pressure Min. Head 1<br />
Supply Facility Location Zone (feet)<br />
Tolt 1 Supply Station NE Big Rock Rd & Tolt Pipeline No. 1 R.O.W. 615 644.7<br />
Tolt 2 Supply Station 275th Ave NE & Tolt Pipeline No. 1 R.O.W. 450 639.7<br />
1 - Mininimum head values shown are based on the NAVD88 datum<br />
SPU is obligated to provide water supply at pressures that meet or exceed these minimum heads<br />
and the <strong>City</strong> is responsible for providing pumping equipment, as necessary, to further increase<br />
the pressure <strong>of</strong> the water being supplied to meet the demands <strong>of</strong> the system. The <strong>City</strong> is also<br />
required to provide sufficient equalizing storage to avoid placing peak demands on SPU’s<br />
regional supply system.<br />
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CHAPTER 6<br />
The <strong>City</strong> also owns the Taylor’s Landing Well near the intersection <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>-Monroe Road and<br />
Cherry Valley Road. The <strong>City</strong> stopped using this well for municipal water supply in the 1960’s,<br />
but still maintains water rights for the well.<br />
Primary Source Description<br />
The primary sources <strong>of</strong> water for SPU’s regional supply system are from the Cedar River and<br />
Tolt River. The water that the <strong>City</strong> receives from SPU is from the Tolt River source, which is<br />
located approximately 15 miles east <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>, as shown in Figure 6-1. The Tolt River source,<br />
which was first put into use in the early 1960’s, provides approximately one-third <strong>of</strong> the total<br />
water supply for SPU’s regional supply system. The Tolt River system includes a 19-squaremile<br />
watershed that drains into the 60,000 acre-foot South Fork Tolt Reservoir. <strong>Water</strong> is<br />
diverted from the reservoir into the Tolt Regulating Basin, then to the Tolt Treatment Facility,<br />
and finally into the Tolt Pipeline No. 1, which transports the water to purveyors that are<br />
primarily located north and south <strong>of</strong> Seattle. The <strong>City</strong>’s transmission mains connect to Tolt<br />
Pipeline No. 1 at two locations. One is approximately 3,000 feet southeast <strong>of</strong> the city limits, near<br />
the intersection <strong>of</strong> 292nd Ave NE and NE Big Rock Road. SPU’s transmission main runs<br />
westerly towards the <strong>City</strong>’s second connection to the pipeline, located on 274th Avenue NE<br />
approximately 2,800 feet south <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> limits. The transmission main proceeds west to its<br />
terminus in Bothell at the Tolt Eastside Supply Line (TESSL) junction. Here, a portion is<br />
diverted into the TESSL supply line which runs south into Kirkland, Redmond, and Bellevue and<br />
the remaining portion is transported northwesterly to the 60 million gallon (MG) Lake Forest<br />
Park Reservoir.<br />
The Cedar River system, which was first put into use in the early 1900’s, provides approximately<br />
two-thirds <strong>of</strong> the total water supply for SPU’s regional supply system. The Cedar River system<br />
primarily supplies south Seattle and communities east <strong>of</strong> Lake Washington and south <strong>of</strong> I-90.<br />
The Cedar River source originates from the 1,680 acre Chester Morse Lake located in the upper<br />
portion <strong>of</strong> the Cedar River <strong>Water</strong>shed in southeast King County. <strong>Water</strong> from the lake travels<br />
down the Cedar River for approximately 12 miles, where a portion is diverted at Landsburg and<br />
conveyed to Lake Youngs, an approximate 700-acre reservoir. The Lake Youngs Reservoir<br />
serves as a regulating basin for the Cedar system by providing a nearly constant pressure as a<br />
result <strong>of</strong> the elevation <strong>of</strong> the water stored in the reservoir. The water passes through the control<br />
works at Lake Youngs and into four Cedar River pipelines (CRPL No. 1 through 4). <strong>Water</strong> from<br />
CRPL No. 4 supplies the Cedar Eastside Supply Line (CESSL) which follows a north-south<br />
alignment on the east side <strong>of</strong> Lake Washington. The TESSL and CESSL supply lines are<br />
connected in Bellevue, so it is possible to supply the <strong>City</strong> and other purveyors from either<br />
source.<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> Source and Quality<br />
Figure 6-1<br />
SPU’s Regional <strong>Water</strong> Supply <strong>System</strong><br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
The <strong>City</strong> is primarily served with water that originates from the Tolt River <strong>System</strong>, but will on<br />
occasion receive water from the Cedar River system. Until recently, this change <strong>of</strong> water source<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 6-3 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH6 (12/29/04 1:55 PM)
CHAPTER 6<br />
typically occurred when the Tolt River source experienced excessive turbidity levels as a result<br />
<strong>of</strong> stormwater run<strong>of</strong>f during these periods <strong>of</strong> heavy rain, which required SPU to shut down the<br />
Tolt River source and use the Cedar River source. However, the construction <strong>of</strong> the Tolt<br />
Treatment Facility in 2000 has since increased the reliability <strong>of</strong> the Tolt River source by<br />
enabling SPU to operate during periods <strong>of</strong> high turbidity. <strong>Water</strong> supplied to the <strong>City</strong> from the<br />
Cedar River source is now expected only during emergency or routine maintenance periods.<br />
Three production wells, located south <strong>of</strong> Seattle in the Highline area (referred to as the Highline<br />
Well Field), also provide supplemental water supply to SPU’s system during periods <strong>of</strong> peak<br />
water demands. This water does not enter the <strong>City</strong>’s system because their small output<br />
(approximately 10 MGD) results in the water being used in the localized area <strong>of</strong> the wells.<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Treatment<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s water supply is treated by SPU before it reaches the <strong>City</strong>. Therefore, the <strong>City</strong> does<br />
not treat its drinking water. Currently, water treatment for the Tolt River supply includes<br />
screening, ozonation, coagulation and flocculation, filtration, chlorination, fluoridation, and<br />
corrosion control. The Cedar River supply currently is treated through four steps: screening,<br />
fluoridation, corrosion control, and disinfection with chlorine. A new treatment facility for the<br />
Cedar River supply is expected to be completed by late 2004 and will add ozone and ultraviolet<br />
light treatment to the disinfectant process. Historically, the water quality in both the Tolt and<br />
Cedar River sources has been good.<br />
WATER RIGHTS<br />
Overview<br />
A water right is a legal authorization to use a specified amount <strong>of</strong> public water for specific<br />
beneficial purposes. The water right amount is expressed in terms <strong>of</strong> instantaneous withdrawal<br />
rate and annual withdrawal volume. Washington State law requires users <strong>of</strong> public water to<br />
receive approval from the Washington State Department <strong>of</strong> Ecology (i.e., Ecology) prior to<br />
actual use <strong>of</strong> the water. This approval is granted in the form <strong>of</strong> a water right permit or<br />
certificate. However, a water right is not required for certain purposes that use 5,000 gallons per<br />
day or less <strong>of</strong> groundwater from a well.<br />
The process for obtaining a water right involves obtaining a water right permit first, then a water<br />
right certificate. A water right permit provides permission to develop a water right by<br />
constructing, developing, and testing the water source. A water right permit remains in effect<br />
until a water right certificate is issued (if all terms <strong>of</strong> the permit are met) or the permit has been<br />
canceled. A water right certificate is issued by Ecology following a review process and<br />
determination that the amount <strong>of</strong> water put to beneficial use is consistent with the amount and<br />
conditions indicated on the water right permit.<br />
A water right permit is issued by Ecology only if the proposed use meets the following<br />
requirements:<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> Source and Quality<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> will be put to beneficial use;<br />
• No impairment to existing or senior rights;<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> is available for appropriation;<br />
• Issuance <strong>of</strong> the requested water right will not be detrimental to the public’s interest.<br />
The water right decision process also considers existing basin management plans, stream<br />
closures, instream flows, hydraulic continuity (surface water interconnected to groundwater),<br />
seawater intrusion, utilization <strong>of</strong> existing water sources, water conservation, and availability <strong>of</strong><br />
alternative water supplies, among other things. The water right decision process is increasingly<br />
becoming more complex and time consuming, due to the many competing interests for water,<br />
environmental issues, and regulatory requirements.<br />
Existing <strong>Water</strong> Rights<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> currently holds a water right certificate for the Taylor’s Landing Well,<br />
located in the northwest portion <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>. <strong>Water</strong> right certificate number 674 D certifies a<br />
maximum instantaneous withdrawal <strong>of</strong> 65 gpm or a maximum annual withdrawal <strong>of</strong> 35 acre-feet<br />
<strong>of</strong> groundwater from Taylor’s Landing Well for the purpose <strong>of</strong> municipal supply. The priority<br />
date for the groundwater right is April 8, 1940 and the water right place <strong>of</strong> use has been<br />
established as the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>. The 2003 Municipal <strong>Water</strong> Law defines the place <strong>of</strong> use as the<br />
area served. Thus, the place <strong>of</strong> use for this water right is <strong>Duvall</strong>’s retail service area, which<br />
extends beyond the <strong>City</strong>’s corporate boundaries as shown in Figure 2-3.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> capped the Taylor’s Landing Well and closed it to open public use in 2000 for liability<br />
reasons. The well is now securely capped and locked and is only used in the summer by the<br />
<strong>City</strong>’s Public Works Department to fill water trucks for irrigation purposes. However, the <strong>City</strong><br />
is leaving the option open that the well may be used in the future as an emergency backup source<br />
for the water system. The <strong>City</strong>’s Wellhead Protection Program, which is included in Appendix<br />
J, has been prepared in the event that the <strong>City</strong> decides to use the well in the future for purposes<br />
other than irrigation. Additional water rights information is contained on the Taylor’s Landing<br />
Well water right certificate, which is included in Appendix K.<br />
<strong>Water</strong> right claim G1-026854CL, which has a maximum instantaneous withdrawal <strong>of</strong> 15 gpm<br />
and a maximum annual withdrawal <strong>of</strong> 5 acre-feet, is also held by the <strong>City</strong>, but not used. It is<br />
unknown whether this claim represents a vested water right and the <strong>City</strong> is not interested in<br />
pursuing the development <strong>of</strong> this water right claim for future use.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 6-5 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH6 (12/29/04 1:55 PM)
CHAPTER 6<br />
DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS<br />
Overview<br />
The quality <strong>of</strong> drinking water in the United States is regulated by the Environmental Protection<br />
Agency (EPA). Under provisions <strong>of</strong> the Safe Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Act (SDWA), the EPA is allowed<br />
to delegate primary enforcement responsibility for water quality control to each state. In the<br />
State <strong>of</strong> Washington, the Department <strong>of</strong> Health (DOH) is the agency responsible for<br />
implementing and enforcing the drinking water regulations. For the State <strong>of</strong> Washington to<br />
maintain primacy (delegated authority to implement requirements) under the SDWA, the state<br />
must adopt drinking water regulations that are at least as stringent as the federal regulations. In<br />
meeting these requirements, the State in cooperation with DOH has published drinking water<br />
regulations that are contained in Chapter 246-290 <strong>of</strong> the Washington Administrative Code<br />
(WAC).<br />
The discussion that follows provides a brief summary <strong>of</strong> existing and planned future drinking<br />
water regulations that are either applicable to the <strong>City</strong> now or possibly in the future. The<br />
drinking water regulations that affect the <strong>City</strong> in the future will be dictated by the <strong>City</strong>’s supply<br />
arrangement at that time. If the <strong>City</strong> receives treated water from SPU or another regional system<br />
in the future and most <strong>of</strong> the monitoring is accomplished by the regional purveyor, the impacts<br />
on the <strong>City</strong> will most likely be minor. If the <strong>City</strong> develops its own source <strong>of</strong> water supply in the<br />
future, many <strong>of</strong> the existing and future drinking water regulations will apply and result in a<br />
substantial increase <strong>of</strong> water quality monitoring and reporting for the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
Existing Regulations<br />
The Safe Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Act (SDWA) was enacted in 1974, as a result <strong>of</strong> public concern about<br />
water quality. The SDWA sets standards for quality <strong>of</strong> drinking water and requires water<br />
treatment, if these standards are not met. The SDWA also sets water testing schedules and<br />
methods that water systems must follow. In 1986, the SDWA was amended as a result <strong>of</strong><br />
additional public concern and frequent contamination <strong>of</strong> groundwater from industrial solvents<br />
and pesticides. The 1986 Amendments require water systems to monitor and treat for a<br />
continuously increasing number <strong>of</strong> water contaminants identified in the new federal regulations.<br />
EPA regulated approximately 20 contaminants between 1974 and 1986. The 1986 Amendments<br />
identified 83 contaminants that EPA was required to regulate by 1989. Implementation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
new regulations has been marginally successful due to the complexity <strong>of</strong> the regulations and the<br />
associated high costs. To rectify the slow implementation <strong>of</strong> the new regulations, the SDWA<br />
was amended again and re-authorized in August <strong>of</strong> 1996.<br />
In response to the 1986 SDWA Amendments, EPA established six rules, known as the Phase I<br />
Rule, Phase II & IIb Rules, Phase V Rule, Surface <strong>Water</strong> Treatment Rule, Total Coliform Rule,<br />
and Lead & Copper Rule. EPA regulates most chemical contaminants through the Phase I, II,<br />
IIb, and V Rules. All <strong>of</strong> these rules apply to the <strong>City</strong>’s source that is provided by SPU. The<br />
rules indirectly impact the <strong>City</strong> because SPU is primarily responsible for monitoring, reporting,<br />
and compliance for most <strong>of</strong> the rules.<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> Source and Quality<br />
EPA set two limits for each contaminant that is regulated under the rules. The first limit is a<br />
health goal, referred to as the Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG). The MCLG is zero<br />
for many contaminants, especially known cancer-causing agents (carcinogens). The second limit<br />
is a legal limit, referred to as the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL). The MCL’s are equal to<br />
or higher than the MCLG’s. However, most MCL’s and MCLG’s are the same, except for<br />
contaminants that are regulated as carcinogens. The health goals (MCLG’s) for these are<br />
typically zero, because they cause cancer and it is assumed that any amount <strong>of</strong> exposure may<br />
pose some risk <strong>of</strong> cancer.<br />
To fully understand the discussion that follows, a brief definition <strong>of</strong> several key terms is<br />
provided below:<br />
• Organic Chemicals – Animal or plant produced substances containing carbon and other<br />
elements such as hydrogen and oxygen.<br />
• Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOC’s) - Man-made organic substances including<br />
herbicides, pesticides, and various industrial chemicals and solvents.<br />
• Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOC’s) - Chemicals, as liquid, that evaporate easily into<br />
the air.<br />
• Inorganic Chemicals – Chemicals <strong>of</strong> mineral origin that are naturally occurring<br />
elements. These include metals such as lead and cadmium.<br />
A summary <strong>of</strong> existing rules and regulations that were established by the SDWA is provided<br />
below. The impact <strong>of</strong> each rule and regulation on the <strong>City</strong> is also identified. Several <strong>of</strong> the rules<br />
do not directly impact the <strong>City</strong> because SPU provides most <strong>of</strong> the monitoring and reporting <strong>of</strong><br />
water quality within the <strong>City</strong>’s distribution system as part <strong>of</strong> its regional monitoring program.<br />
Phase I Rule<br />
The Phase I Rule, which was EPA’s first response to the 1986 Amendments, was published in<br />
the Federal Register on July 8, 1987, and became effective on January 9, 1989. This rule<br />
provided limits for eight VOC’s that may be present in drinking water. VOC’s are used by<br />
industries in the manufacture <strong>of</strong> rubber, pesticides, deodorants, solvents, plastics, and other<br />
chemicals. VOC’s are found in everyday items such as gasoline, paints, thinners, lighter fluid,<br />
mothballs, and glue, and are typically encountered at dry cleaners, automotive service stations,<br />
and elsewhere in industrial processes. Since VOC’s are monitored at the source by SPU, the<br />
<strong>City</strong> is not directly impacted by this rule under the current water supply arrangement.<br />
Phase II & IIb Rules<br />
The Phase II & IIb Rules were published in the Federal Register on January 30, 1991 and July 1,<br />
1991, and became effective on July 30, 1992 and January 1, 1993, respectively. These rules<br />
updated and created limits for 38 contaminants (organics and inorganics), <strong>of</strong> which 27 were<br />
newly regulated. Some <strong>of</strong> the contaminants are frequently applied agricultural chemicals<br />
(nitrate), while others are more obscure industrial chemicals. Since organics and inorganics are<br />
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monitored at the source by SPU, the <strong>City</strong> is not directly impacted by this rule under the current<br />
water supply arrangement.<br />
Phase V Rule<br />
The Phase V Rule was published in the Federal Register on July 17, 1992, and became effective<br />
on January 17, 1994. This rule set standards for 23 additional contaminants, <strong>of</strong> which 18 are<br />
organic chemicals (mostly pesticides and herbicides) and 5 are inorganic chemicals (such as<br />
cyanide). Since organics and inorganics are monitored at the source by SPU, the <strong>City</strong> is not<br />
directly impacted by this rule under the current water supply arrangement.<br />
Surface <strong>Water</strong> Treatment Rule<br />
The Surface <strong>Water</strong> Treatment Rule (SWTR) was published in the Federal Register on June 29,<br />
1989, and became effective on December 31, 1990. Surface water sources, such as rivers, lakes,<br />
reservoirs (which are open to the atmosphere and subject to surface run<strong>of</strong>f), and groundwater<br />
sources that are under the direct influence <strong>of</strong> surface water (referred to as GWUDI sources) are<br />
governed by this rule. The SWTR seeks to prevent waterborne diseases caused by microbes,<br />
Legionella and Giardia lamblia, that are present in most surface waters. The rule requires<br />
disinfection <strong>of</strong> all surface water sources and GWUDI sources. Since the <strong>City</strong> receives all <strong>of</strong> its<br />
water from another system (i.e., SPU), this rule requires that the <strong>City</strong> maintain at a minimum, a<br />
detectable residual disinfectant concentration in the distribution system. Currently, the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
water is monitored and tested weekly and during these tests the amount <strong>of</strong> chlorine residual is<br />
measured. All surface water sources and GWUDI sources must also be filtered, unless a<br />
filtration waiver is granted. A filtration waiver may be granted to systems with pristine sources<br />
that continuously meet stringent source water quality and protection requirements.<br />
Interim Enhanced Surface <strong>Water</strong> Treatment Rule<br />
EPA proposed the Interim Enhanced Surface <strong>Water</strong> Treatment Rule (IESWTR) on July 29, 1994.<br />
The final rule was published in the Federal Register on December 16, 1998, and became<br />
effective on February 16, 1999, concurrent with the Stage 1 Disinfectants/Disinfection By-<br />
Products Rule. The rule primarily applies to public water systems that serve 10,000 or more<br />
people and use surface water sources or groundwater under the direct influence <strong>of</strong> surface water<br />
(GWUDI). The rule also requires primacy agencies (i.e., Department <strong>of</strong> Health in Washington<br />
State) to conduct sanitary surveys <strong>of</strong> all surface water and GWUDI systems, regardless <strong>of</strong> size.<br />
The rule is the first to directly regulate the protozoan Cryptosporidium and has set the MCLG for<br />
Cryptosporidium at zero. <strong>Water</strong> systems affected by this rule must have complied with it by<br />
December 16, 2001.<br />
Total Coliform Rule<br />
The Total Coliform Rule was published in the Federal Register on June 29, 1989, and became<br />
effective on December 31, 1990. The rule set both health goals (MCLG’s) and legal limits<br />
(MCL’s) for total coliform levels in drinking water, and the type and frequency <strong>of</strong> testing that is<br />
required for water systems. The rule requires more monitoring than under the prior<br />
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requirements, especially for small systems. In addition, every public water system is required to<br />
develop a coliform monitoring plan, subject to approval by DOH.<br />
Coliforms are a group <strong>of</strong> bacteria that live in the digestive tract <strong>of</strong> humans and many animals,<br />
and are excreted in large numbers with feces. Coliforms can be found in sewage, soils, surface<br />
waters, and vegetation. The presence <strong>of</strong> any coliforms in drinking water indicates a health risk<br />
and potential waterborne disease outbreak, which may include gastroenteric infections,<br />
dysentery, hepatitis, typhoid fever, cholera, and other infectious diseases.<br />
The rule established the health goal for total coliforms at zero. To comply with the legal limit,<br />
systems must not find coliforms in more than five percent <strong>of</strong> the samples taken each month. The<br />
monitoring and testing <strong>of</strong> coliforms under this rule is currently conducted by SPU. However, the<br />
<strong>City</strong> is required to prepare a coliform monitoring plan in accordance with the rule. A copy <strong>of</strong> the<br />
<strong>City</strong>’s <strong>Water</strong> Quality Monitoring <strong>Plan</strong> is included in Appendix L.<br />
Lead & Copper Rule<br />
The Lead and Copper Rule was published in the Federal Register on June 7, 1991, and became<br />
effective on December 7, 1992. On January 12, 2000 the EPA published some minor revisions<br />
to the rule in the Federal Register, which primarily improved the implementation <strong>of</strong> the rule.<br />
The rule identifies “action levels” for both lead and copper. An action level is different than a<br />
MCL in that a MCL is a legal limit for a contaminant, and an action level is a trigger for<br />
additional prevention or removal steps. The action level for lead is greater than 0.015 mg/L.<br />
The action level for copper is greater than 1.3 mg/L. If the 90th percentile concentration <strong>of</strong><br />
either lead or copper from the group <strong>of</strong> samples exceeds these action levels, a corrosion control<br />
study must be undertaken to evaluate strategies and make recommendations for reducing the lead<br />
or copper concentration below the action levels. The rule requires systems that exceed the lead<br />
level to educate the affected public about reducing its lead intake. <strong>System</strong>s that continue to<br />
exceed the lead action level after implementing corrosion control and source water treatment<br />
may be required to replace piping in the system that contains the source <strong>of</strong> lead. Corrosion<br />
control is typically accomplished by increasing the pH <strong>of</strong> the water to make it less corrosive,<br />
which reduces its ability to breakdown water pipes and absorb lead or copper.<br />
Lead is a common metal found throughout the environment in lead-based paint, air, soil,<br />
household dust, food, certain types <strong>of</strong> pottery, porcelain, pewter, and water. Lead can pose a<br />
significant risk to health if too much <strong>of</strong> it enters the body. Lead builds up in the body over many<br />
years and can cause damage to the brain, red blood cells, and kidneys. The greatest risk is to<br />
young children and pregnant women. Lead can slow down normal mental and physical<br />
development <strong>of</strong> growing bodies.<br />
Copper is a common, natural, and useful metal found in our environment. It is also a trace<br />
element needed in most human diets. The primary impact <strong>of</strong> elevated copper levels in water<br />
systems is stained plumbing fixtures. At certain levels (well above the action levels), copper<br />
may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It can also lead to serious health problems in people<br />
with Wilson’s disease. Long-term exposure to elevated levels <strong>of</strong> copper in drinking water could<br />
also increase the risk <strong>of</strong> liver and kidney damage.<br />
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The <strong>City</strong> is affected by this rule, which has required the <strong>City</strong> to perform monitoring that was not<br />
previously required in the past.<br />
Radionuclides Rule<br />
EPA established interim drinking water regulations for radionuclides in 1976, under the Safe<br />
Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Act. MCL’s were established for alpha, beta and photon emitters, and radium<br />
226/228. Radionuclides are elements that undergo a process <strong>of</strong> natural decay and emit radiation<br />
in the form <strong>of</strong> alpha or beta particles and gamma photons. The radiation can cause various kinds<br />
<strong>of</strong> cancers, depending on the type <strong>of</strong> radionuclide exposure from drinking water. The regulations<br />
address both man-made and naturally occurring radionuclides in drinking water.<br />
The 1986 Amendments to the SDWA finalized the regulations for radionuclides by eliminating<br />
the term "interim". The Amendments also directed EPA to promulgate (publish as law) healthbased<br />
maximum contaminant level goals, as well as maximum contaminant levels. EPA failed to<br />
meet the statutory schedules for promulgating the radionuclide regulations, which resulted in a<br />
lawsuit. In 1991, EPA proposed revisions to the regulations; but a final regulation based on the<br />
proposal was never promulgated. The 1996 Amendments to the SDWA directed EPA to revise a<br />
portion <strong>of</strong> the earlier proposed revisions, adopt a schedule, and review and revise the regulations<br />
every six years, as appropriate, to maintain or improve public health protection. Subsequent to<br />
the 1996 Amendments, a 1996 court order required EPA to either finalize the 1991 proposal for<br />
radionuclides or to ratify the existing standards by November 2000.<br />
The final rule was published in the Federal Register on December 7, 2000 and became effective<br />
on December 8, 2003. The rule established an MCLG <strong>of</strong> zero for the four regulated<br />
contaminates and MCL’s <strong>of</strong> 5 pCi/L for combined radium-226 and radium-228, 15 pCi/L for<br />
gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium), 4 mrem/year for beta particle and photon<br />
radioactivity, and 30 ug/L for uranium. This rule does not directly impact the <strong>City</strong> under the<br />
current water supply arrangement.<br />
Wellhead Protection Program<br />
Section 1428 <strong>of</strong> the 1986 SDWA Amendments mandates that each state develop a wellhead<br />
protection program. The Washington State mandate for wellhead protection and the required<br />
elements <strong>of</strong> a wellhead protection program are contained in WAC 246-290-135 Source<br />
Protection, which became effective in July <strong>of</strong> 1994. In Washington State, DOH is the lead<br />
agency for the development and administration <strong>of</strong> the State’s wellhead protection program.<br />
A wellhead protection program is a proactive and ongoing effort <strong>of</strong> a water purveyor to protect<br />
the health <strong>of</strong> its customers by preventing contamination <strong>of</strong> the groundwater that it supplies for<br />
drinking water. All federally defined Group A public water systems that use groundwater as<br />
their source are required to develop and implement a wellhead protection program. All required<br />
elements <strong>of</strong> a local wellhead protection program must be documented and included in either the<br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> (applicable to <strong>Duvall</strong>) or Small <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Management<br />
Program document (not applicable to <strong>Duvall</strong>). A copy <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s Wellhead Protection<br />
Program is contained in Appendix J <strong>of</strong> this plan. As mentioned earlier in this chapter, the <strong>City</strong><br />
does not currently use the Taylor’s Landing Well, but may intend to do so in the future.<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> Source and Quality<br />
Consumer Confidence Report<br />
The final rule for the Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) was published in the Federal Register<br />
on August 19, 1998, and became effective on September 18, 1998. Minor revisions were posted<br />
in the Federal Register on May 4, 2000. The Consumer Confidence Report is the centerpiece <strong>of</strong><br />
the right-to-know provisions <strong>of</strong> the 1996 Amendments to the Safe Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Act. All<br />
community water systems, like the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>, were required to issue the first report to<br />
customers by October 19, 1999. The annual report must be updated and re-issued to all<br />
customers by July 1 <strong>of</strong> each year thereafter.<br />
The CCR is a report on the quality <strong>of</strong> water that was delivered to the system during the previous<br />
12 months. The reports must contain certain specific elements, but may also contain other<br />
information that the purveyor deems appropriate for public education. Some, but not all, <strong>of</strong> the<br />
information that is required in the reports include the source and type <strong>of</strong> the drinking water, type<br />
<strong>of</strong> treatment, contaminants that have been detected in the water, potential health effects <strong>of</strong> the<br />
contaminants, identification <strong>of</strong> the likely source <strong>of</strong> contamination, violations <strong>of</strong> monitoring and<br />
reporting, and variances or exemptions to the drinking water regulations. A copy <strong>of</strong> <strong>City</strong>’s latest<br />
Consumer Confidence Report at the time <strong>of</strong> this writing is included in Appendix M.<br />
Stage 1 Disinfectants/Disinfection By-Products Rule<br />
Disinfection by-products (DBP’s) are formed when free chlorine reacts with organic substances,<br />
most <strong>of</strong> which occur naturally. These organic substances (called “precursors”) are a complex<br />
and variable mixture <strong>of</strong> compounds. The disinfection by-products themselves may pose health<br />
risks. Trihalomethanes is a category <strong>of</strong> disinfection by-products that is currently regulated.<br />
EPA proposed the Stage 1 Disinfectants/Disinfection By-Products Rule (D/DBPR) on July 29,<br />
1994. The final rule was published in the Federal Register on December 16, 1998, and became<br />
effective on February 16, 1999. The rule applies to most water systems, including systems<br />
serving fewer than 10,000 people, which add a chemical disinfectant to the drinking water during<br />
any part <strong>of</strong> the treatment process. The rule reduced the MCL for total trihalomethanes, which<br />
are a composite measure <strong>of</strong> four individual trihalomethanes, from the previous interim level <strong>of</strong><br />
0.10 mg/L to 0.08 mg/L. The rule established MCL’s and requires monitoring <strong>of</strong> three<br />
additional categories <strong>of</strong> disinfectant by-products (0.06 mg/L for five haloacetic acids, 0.01 mg/L<br />
for bromate, and 1.0 mg/L for chlorite). The rule also established maximum residual disinfectant<br />
levels (MRDL’s) for chlorine (4.0 mg/L), chloramines (4.0 mg/L), and chlorine dioxide (0.8<br />
mg/L). The rule also requires systems using surface water or groundwater directly influenced by<br />
surfaced water to implement enhanced coagulation or s<strong>of</strong>tening to remove DBP precursors,<br />
unless alternative criteria is met. Compliance with this rule must have been satisfied by<br />
December 16, 2001 for large surface water systems (those serving over 10,000 people) and by<br />
December 16, 2003 for smaller surface water systems and all groundwater systems.<br />
Since the <strong>City</strong> purchases its water supply from SPU and does not add additional chemical<br />
disinfectants, only SPU is required to conduct monitoring and testing <strong>of</strong> DBP’s within the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
system under this rule.<br />
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Arsenic<br />
EPA established interim drinking water regulations for arsenic in 1976 under the Safe Drinking<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Act. Arsenic is highly toxic, affects the skin and nervous system, and may cause cancer.<br />
The 1996 SDWA Amendments require EPA to conduct research to assess health risks associated<br />
with exposure to low levels <strong>of</strong> arsenic. The EPA issued a proposed regulation on June 22, 2000,<br />
and allowed a 90 day public review period. The final rule, which was published in the Federal<br />
Register on January 22, 2001, was to become effective on March 23, 2001, except for certain<br />
amendments to several sections <strong>of</strong> the rule. However, on May 22, 2001, EPA announced that it<br />
was delaying the effective date for the rule until February 22, 2002 to allow time to reassess the<br />
rule and to afford the public a full opportunity to provide further input.<br />
The final rule sets the MCLG <strong>of</strong> arsenic at zero and reduces the MCL from the current standard<br />
<strong>of</strong> 0.05 mg/L (50 ppb) to 0.01 mg/L (10 ppb). Arsenic’s monitoring requirements will be<br />
consistent with the existing requirements for other inorganic contaminants. Community water<br />
systems with arsenic levels greater than 10 ppb must include the arsenic sampling results, along<br />
with a statement on health risks, in the annual Consumer Confidence Report. <strong>Water</strong> systems that<br />
have arsenic levels <strong>of</strong> 5 to 10 ppb must include an educational statement about arsenic in their<br />
Consumer Confidence Reports. The regulation will require that the lower MCL is met starting<br />
January 23, 2006. Since the <strong>City</strong>’s water source is owned and operated by SPU, the <strong>City</strong> is not<br />
directly impacted by this rule under the current water supply arrangement.<br />
Filter Backwash Recycling Rule<br />
The Filter Backwash Recycling Rule (FBRR) was published in the Federal Register on June 8,<br />
2001, and became effective on August 7, 2001. The rule addresses the backwash techniques <strong>of</strong><br />
treatment facilities in which poor recycling practices may compromise the performance <strong>of</strong> the<br />
treatment process and in turn degrade water quality. Recycled filter backwash water, sludge<br />
thickener supernatant and liquids from dewatering processes under this rule are required to be<br />
returned to a location where they will be subject to all treatment processes. The proposed rule<br />
was originally published by the EPA in conjunction with the Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Treatment Rule which addresses treatment technique requirements, but leaves specific<br />
regulations for the recycling <strong>of</strong> filter backwash water to the FBRR. <strong>Water</strong> systems that utilize<br />
direct or conventional filtration processes to treat water supplied from surface water sources or<br />
GWI sources and who recycle backwash water within the treatment process are governed by this<br />
rule. Compliance with the Filter Backwash Recycling Rule must be satisfied by August 7, 2004.<br />
Since the <strong>City</strong>’s source is owned and operated by SPU, the <strong>City</strong> is not directly impacted by this<br />
rule under the current water supply arrangement.<br />
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Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface <strong>Water</strong> Treatment Rule<br />
This is the follow up rule to the Interim Enhanced Surface <strong>Water</strong> Treatment Rule, which became<br />
effective in December <strong>of</strong> 1998. The Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface <strong>Water</strong> Treatment Rule<br />
(LT1ESWTR) was published in the Federal Register on January 14, 2002 and the final rule<br />
became effective on February 13, 2002. This rule, which was proposed in conjunction with the<br />
Filter Backwash Recycling Rule, addresses water systems that serve fewer than 10,000 people<br />
and use surface water sources or GWI sources.<br />
This rule dictates that filtered systems must achieve at least a 2-log removal <strong>of</strong> Cryptosporidium<br />
through meeting strengthened combined filter effluent turbidity limits and must continuously<br />
monitor individual filter turbidity by January 11, 2005. Unfiltered systems are required to<br />
improve Cryptosporidium control through enhanced watershed control plans by January 14,<br />
2005. Additionally, the LT1ESWTR mandates that systems serving less than 500 people<br />
commence development <strong>of</strong> a disinfection pr<strong>of</strong>ile by January 1, 2004 and complete the pr<strong>of</strong>ile by<br />
January 1, 2005. <strong>System</strong>s that serve a population between 500 and 9,999 people must<br />
commence the development <strong>of</strong> a disinfection pr<strong>of</strong>ile and complete their pr<strong>of</strong>ile by July 1, 2003<br />
and July 1, 2004, respectively. Lastly, the LT1ESWTR mandates that water systems provide<br />
covers for all reservoirs constructed after March 15, 2002. Since the <strong>City</strong>’s source is owned and<br />
operated by SPU, the <strong>City</strong> is not directly impacted by this rule under the current water supply<br />
arrangement.<br />
Future Regulations<br />
The drinking water regulations are continuously changing in an effort to provide higher quality<br />
and safer drinking water. Modifications to the existing rules described above and<br />
implementation <strong>of</strong> new rules are planned for the near future. A summary <strong>of</strong> upcoming drinking<br />
water regulations that may affect the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> is presented below.<br />
Groundwater Disinfection Rule<br />
In accordance with the 1986 SDWA Amendments, EPA is developing a Groundwater<br />
Disinfection Rule (GWDR) that specifies the use <strong>of</strong> disinfectants for groundwater systems, as<br />
necessary. The proposed rule was published May 10, 2000 in the Federal Register and EPA’s<br />
target date for the final rule was the spring <strong>of</strong> 2003, but has not been published to date. The<br />
proposed rule requires periodic groundwater sanitary surveys, hydrogeologic assessments <strong>of</strong><br />
wells, source water monitoring for at risk wells, correction <strong>of</strong> sensitive wells and/or eliminating<br />
the contamination and/or disinfecting, and monitoring <strong>of</strong> disinfection treatment. It is likely that<br />
the rule will require all public water systems using groundwater to disinfect at each source,<br />
unless the system qualifies for a variance or satisfies “natural disinfection” criteria. Natural<br />
disinfection criteria considers historical source water contamination, distances to nearest<br />
potential source <strong>of</strong> fecal contamination, groundwater and pathogen travel time, hydrogeologic<br />
features, and well construction standards. This rule will not directly impact the <strong>City</strong> under the<br />
current water supply arrangement, but will if the <strong>City</strong> were to develop its own source.<br />
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Stage 2 Disinfectants/Disinfection By-products Rule<br />
This rule is the second part <strong>of</strong> the Disinfectants/Disinfection By-products Rule, <strong>of</strong> which the<br />
Stage 1 D/DBPR became effective in February 1999. The Stage 2 Disinfectants/Disinfection<br />
By-products Rule (Stage 2 D/DBPR) was published on August 18, 2003 in the Federal Register<br />
and the target date for the final rule is sometime during the summer <strong>of</strong> 2004. The EPA is<br />
expected to implement this rule simultaneously with the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface <strong>Water</strong><br />
Treatment Rule.<br />
Similar to the Stage 1 D/DBPR, this rule applies to most water systems that add a chemical<br />
disinfectant to the drinking water during any part <strong>of</strong> the treatment process. However, unlike the<br />
Stage 1 D/DBPR, it is anticipated that this rule will also apply to systems that purchase water<br />
treated with chemical disinfectants, such as <strong>Duvall</strong>. The proposed Stage 2 D/DBPR changes the<br />
calculation procedure requirement <strong>of</strong> the MCL’s established in Stage 1 D/DBPR by requiring<br />
each sampling location to determine compliance with MCL’s based on their individual annual<br />
average disinfectant by-product levels (termed the Locational Running Annual Average), rather<br />
than utilizing a system-wide annual average. The rule also proposes new MCLG’s for<br />
chlor<strong>of</strong>orm (0.07 mg/L), trichloroacetic acid (0.02 mg/L) and monochloroacetic acid (0.03<br />
mg/L). Additionally, the proposed rule will require systems to document peak disinfectant byproduct<br />
levels and prepare an Initial Distribution <strong>System</strong> Evaluation (IDSE) report to identify<br />
Stage 2 D/DBPR compliance monitoring sites. Monitoring for compliance with the new rule<br />
will be performed by the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface <strong>Water</strong> Treatment Rule<br />
Following the publishing <strong>of</strong> the Interim Enhanced Surface <strong>Water</strong> Treatment Rule, EPA<br />
introduced the Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface <strong>Water</strong> Treatment Rule to supplement the<br />
preceding regulations. The second part <strong>of</strong> the regulations <strong>of</strong> the Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Treatment Rule, which recently became effective in February 2002, will be mandated in<br />
the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface <strong>Water</strong> Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR). The proposed rule<br />
was published in the Federal Register on August 11, 2003. The final rule’s target date is<br />
sometime during the summer <strong>of</strong> 2004, after which it is expected to be implemented<br />
simultaneously with the Stage 2 D/DBPR described in the previous section. This rule applies to<br />
all systems which use surface water or GWI sources.<br />
This rule establishes treatment technique requirements for filtered systems based on their risk<br />
level for contamination, calculated from the system’s average Cryptosporidium concentration.<br />
Additional requirements will include up to 2.5 log Cryptosporidium treatment in addition to<br />
existing requirements under the IESWTR and LT1ESWTR. Filtered systems that demonstrate<br />
low levels <strong>of</strong> risk will not be required to provide additional treatment. Unfiltered systems under<br />
this proposed rule must achieve at least a 2-log removal <strong>of</strong> Cryptosporidium if the source water<br />
is monitored for Cryptosporidium and its mean level remains below 0.01 oocysts/L. If an<br />
unfiltered system elects not to monitor, or the mean level <strong>of</strong> Cryptosporidium exceeds 0.01<br />
oocysts/L, the proposed LT2ESWTR will require the system to provide a minimum 3-log<br />
removal <strong>of</strong> Cryptosporidium. All unfiltered systems will also be required to utilize a minimum<br />
<strong>of</strong> two disinfectants in their treatment process.<br />
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The LT2ESWTR also addresses systems with unfinished water storage facilities. Under this<br />
rule, systems must either cover their storage facilities, provide at least a 4-log virus removal, or<br />
perform state-approved risk mitigation. Lastly, the proposed rule extends the requirement <strong>of</strong> the<br />
disinfection pr<strong>of</strong>iles mandated under the LT1ESWTR to the proposed Stage 2 D/DBPR. Since<br />
the <strong>City</strong>’s source is owned and operated by SPU, the <strong>City</strong> is not directly impacted by this rule<br />
under the current water supply arrangement.<br />
Radon<br />
In July <strong>of</strong> 1991, EPA proposed a regulation for radon, as well as three other radionuclides. The<br />
1996 SDWA Amendments required EPA to withdraw the 1991 proposal, due to several concerns<br />
that were raised during the comment period. A new proposed regulation was published in the<br />
Federal Register on November 2, 1999. Final federal requirements for addressing radon were<br />
expected to be implemented in March 2003, however they have not been published to date. The<br />
rule proposes a 300 pCi/L MCL for community water systems that use ground water, or an<br />
alternative, less-stringent MCL <strong>of</strong> 4,000 pCi/L for water systems where their state implements an<br />
EPA-approved program to reduce radon risks in household indoor-air, as well as tap water.<br />
Since the <strong>City</strong>’s source is owned and operated by SPU, the <strong>City</strong> is not directly impacted by this<br />
rule under the current water supply arrangement.<br />
Sulfate<br />
Sulfate is currently on the national secondary standards list, which unlike the national primary<br />
standards, secondary standards contaminants do not affect health. Therefore, systems are not<br />
required by federal law to comply with the sulfate standard, but are encouraged to do so.<br />
However, the State <strong>of</strong> Washington has adopted regulations that require compliance with the<br />
sulfate standard.<br />
EPA issued a proposed regulation for sulfate on December 20, 1994. The 1996 SDWA<br />
Amendments required EPA to make a final determination by August 6, 2001 <strong>of</strong> whether or not to<br />
regulate sulfate under the national primary standards. EPA, however, is still in the process <strong>of</strong><br />
reviewing pertinent information on the health effects <strong>of</strong> sulfate, which includes public comments<br />
on the previously proposed rule and the results <strong>of</strong> a heath effects study on sulfate that was<br />
completed in January 1999. If the determination is to regulate sulfate, then the proposed rule<br />
was to be expected by August <strong>of</strong> 2003, however it has not been published to date. It is unknown<br />
at this time whether possible sulfate regulations will impact the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
SOURCE WATER QUALITY AND TREATMENT<br />
Description<br />
The <strong>City</strong> relies on the personnel and procedures <strong>of</strong> SPU to provide a reliable and high-quality<br />
supply <strong>of</strong> water to the <strong>City</strong>’s system. SPU is responsible for the quality <strong>of</strong> the water from the<br />
source to the <strong>City</strong>’s two metered supply connections. The <strong>City</strong> is responsible for the quality <strong>of</strong><br />
the water within the <strong>City</strong>’s water distribution system. The <strong>City</strong> monitors water quality in its<br />
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CHAPTER 6<br />
system, but does not provide water treatment; all water treatment is provided by SPU. <strong>Water</strong><br />
treatment for the Tolt and Cedar River water sources currently consists <strong>of</strong> intake screening,<br />
chlorination, fluoridation, and pH and alkalinity adjustment. Additionally, the Tolt supply is<br />
filtered and treated with ozone, and by late 2004 the Cedar source will also be treated with ozone<br />
and ultraviolet (UV) light. Chlorine is added to kill naturally occurring bacteria, and fluoride is<br />
added to prevent tooth decay. Alkalinity and pH adjustment is provided for corrosion control<br />
treatment. Filtration increases the reliability <strong>of</strong> the Tolt River source by enabling the facility to<br />
be operated during periods <strong>of</strong> high turbidity, such as heavy rain or low reservoir levels. Ozone<br />
and UV light are used to kill additional bacterial contaminants, such as Cryptosporidium, which<br />
are resistant to chlorine. Unlike chlorine, ozone and UV light treatments do not leave a residual<br />
in the water, meaning that chlorination is still necessary.<br />
Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Standards<br />
Drinking water quality is regulated at the federal level by EPA and at the state level by DOH.<br />
Drinking water standards have been established to maintain high quality drinking water by<br />
limiting the levels <strong>of</strong> specific contaminants (i.e., regulated contaminants) that can adversely<br />
affect public health and are known or are likely to occur in public water systems. Non-regulated<br />
contaminants do not have established water quality standards and are generally monitored at the<br />
discretion <strong>of</strong> the water purveyor and in the interest <strong>of</strong> customers.<br />
The regulated contaminants are grouped into two categories <strong>of</strong> standards – primary standards<br />
and secondary standards. Primary standards are drinking water standards for contaminants that<br />
could affect health. <strong>Water</strong> purveyors are required by law to monitor and comply with these<br />
standards and notify the public if water quality does not meet any one <strong>of</strong> the standards.<br />
Secondary standards are drinking water standards for contaminants that have aesthetic effects,<br />
such as unpleasant taste, odor, or color (staining). The national secondary standards are<br />
unenforceable federal guidelines or goals where federal law does not require water systems to<br />
comply with them. States may, however, adopt their own enforceable regulations governing<br />
these contaminants. The State <strong>of</strong> Washington has adopted regulations that require compliance<br />
with some <strong>of</strong> the secondary standards. <strong>Water</strong> purveyors are not required to notify the public if<br />
water quality does not meet the secondary standards.<br />
Source Monitoring Results<br />
The water quality laboratory <strong>of</strong> SPU routinely monitors the quality <strong>of</strong> water at the Cedar and<br />
Tolt River sources for regulated and non-regulated contaminants. The following three tables<br />
(Table 6-2, Table 6-3, and Table 6-4) present the results <strong>of</strong> source water quality monitoring in<br />
2002, as published by SPU, for both the Cedar and Tolt River sources.<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> Source and Quality<br />
Table 6-2<br />
2002 Source <strong>Water</strong> Quality – Primary Standards<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Quality Parameter MCL Units Cedar Source Tolt Source<br />
Antimony 6 µg/L ND ND<br />
Arsenic 50 µg/L ND ND<br />
Asbestos, million fibers/L (>10um long) 1 7 µg/L ND ND<br />
Barium 2000 µg/L ND ND<br />
Beryllium 4 µg/L ND ND<br />
Cadmium 5 µg/L ND ND<br />
Cyanide 200 µg/L ND ND<br />
Chromium 100 µg/L ND ND<br />
Fluoride 4 mg/L 0.92 0.98<br />
Nickel 100 µg/L ND ND<br />
Mercury 2 µg/L ND ND<br />
Nitrate-Nitrogen 10 mg/L 0.022 0.120<br />
Nitrite-Nitrogen 1 mg/L ND ND<br />
Selenium 50 µg/L ND ND<br />
Thallium 2 µg/L ND ND<br />
Trihalomethanes, Total 2 100 µg/L 29.3 28.1<br />
Turbidity<br />
5.0 (Cedar)<br />
0.3 (Tolt)<br />
NTU 0.56 0.06<br />
Residential Action Levels (Not MCLs)<br />
Copper 3 1.3 mg/L 0.263 0.969<br />
Lead 3 0.015 mg/L 0.011 0.031<br />
Samples collected April 30, 2002, unless otherwise noted<br />
Primary Standards = standards for contaminants that could impact health and are enforceable by law<br />
ND = not detected at lowest detection limit<br />
µg/L = microgram per liter (equivalent to 1 part per billion)<br />
mg/L = milligram per liter (equivalent to 1 part per million)<br />
1 = test results from 12/15/95 (analysis not required in 2002)<br />
2 = average <strong>of</strong> the last 4 quarters testing, through 5/02<br />
3 = measured at 90th percentile <strong>of</strong> overnight standing residential samples from homes with<br />
copper pipes and lead solder-1997 (source waters were ND for copper & lead)<br />
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Table 6-3<br />
2002 Source <strong>Water</strong> Quality – Secondary Standards<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Quality Parameter MCL Units Cedar Source Tolt Source<br />
Aluminum 50 - 200 µg/L 34.7 40.3<br />
Chloride 250 mg/L 3.56 2.17<br />
Color 15 std units ND ND<br />
Copper 1 mg/L 0.0012 ND<br />
Fluoride 2 mg/L 0.92 0.98<br />
Iron 0.3 mg/L 0.03 0.01<br />
Manganese 50 µg/L 3 ND<br />
pH, range 1 6.5 - 8.5 pH units 8.03 - 8.64 7.31 - 8.55<br />
Silver 100 µg/L ND ND<br />
Solids,Total Dissolved 500 mg/L 45 38<br />
Specific Conductance 700 umhos/cm 60.6 49.5<br />
Sulfate 250 mg/L 1.1 1.2<br />
Zinc 5 mg/L ND ND<br />
Samples collected April 30, 2002, unless otherwise noted<br />
Secondary Standards = Standards for contaminants that have aesthetic effects such as taste,<br />
odor, or staining.<br />
ND = not detected at lowest detection limit<br />
µg/L = microgram per liter (equivalent to 1 part per billion)<br />
mg/L = milligram per liter (equivalent to 1 part per million)<br />
1 = January - May 2002, 10-90th percentile<br />
The Tolt River water source is naturally corrosive. Corrosive water reduces the service life <strong>of</strong><br />
plumbing, water mains, pumps, reservoirs, and treatment systems. Corrosive water also<br />
increases the rate at which lead and copper is introduced into the water system from lead solder<br />
fittings, lead joint pipe, copper pipe, and other materials containing these metals. SPU signed a<br />
bilateral compliance agreement with the DOH to meet the requirements <strong>of</strong> the Lead and Copper<br />
Rule (i.e., reduce lead concentrations in the water). The Tolt Treatment Facility now treats the<br />
source water to reduce the level <strong>of</strong> lead concentration to meet these requirements. The<br />
completion <strong>of</strong> the Tolt Treatment Facility in 2002 also resolved turbidity problems SPU was<br />
experiencing in which it had received monitoring violations at the Tolt River source in past<br />
years.<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> Source and Quality<br />
Table 6-4<br />
2002 Source <strong>Water</strong> Quality – Non Regulated Parameters<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Quality Parameter MCL Units Cedar Source Tolt Source<br />
Alkalinity, Total (as CaCO3) None mg/L 16.6 16.1<br />
Calcium, (as CaCO3) None mg/L 20.3 22.7<br />
Hardness, (as CaCO3) None mg/L 24.2 24.3<br />
Hardness, (as CaCO3) None grains/gal 1.4 1.4<br />
Magnesium None mg/L 0.94 0.39<br />
Oxygen, Dissolved None mg/L 12 20<br />
Phosphorus, Soluble Reactive None µg/L 4 2<br />
Potassium None mg/L 0.25 0.15<br />
Silica, Reactive None mg/L 6.9 5.5<br />
Sodium None mg/L 2.22 0.97<br />
Temperature, annual range None degree C 5 - 20 5 - 20<br />
Total Organic Carbon None mg/L 0.98 1.27<br />
Samples collected April 30, 2002, unless otherwise noted<br />
Non-Regulated Parameters = aesthetic parameters that are not required to be monitored<br />
µg/L = microgram per liter (equivalent to 1 part per billion)<br />
mg/L = milligram per liter (equivalent to 1 part per million)<br />
Source <strong>Water</strong> Quality Improvements <strong>Plan</strong>ned by SPU<br />
The supply sources that are owned and operated by SPU present several water quality issues.<br />
SPU’s two main sources (Tolt River and Cedar River) are surface waters that are regulated by<br />
the Surface <strong>Water</strong> Treatment Rule and recently promulgated Interim Enhanced Surface <strong>Water</strong><br />
Treatment Rule. These new rules and past water quality violations have resulted in requirements<br />
that SPU treat these sources at levels greater than what has been practiced in the past. SPU<br />
recently fulfilled these requirements at its Tolt River source when it brought the Tolt Treatment<br />
Facility online.<br />
In 1992 and again in 1998, fecal coliform concentrations in the Cedar River source exceeded the<br />
limits established by the Surface <strong>Water</strong> Treatment Rule for unfiltered sources. Consequently,<br />
SPU is under an Agreed Order from DOH to implement additional treatment for its Cedar River<br />
source. <strong>Water</strong> quality improvements planned by SPU include an ozone and UV disinfection<br />
facility and relocation <strong>of</strong> the point <strong>of</strong> primary disinfection from the Cedar River diversion at<br />
Landsburg to the outlet <strong>of</strong> the Lake Youngs Reservoir. The disinfection facility will also be<br />
designed to accommodate the addition <strong>of</strong> filtration, which may be required in the future. Other<br />
improvements are also being evaluated as part <strong>of</strong> the work plan that SPU has agreed to<br />
accomplish. Upon completion <strong>of</strong> the Cedar River source improvements, the quality <strong>of</strong> water<br />
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supplied by SPU should be better and SPU’s ability to meet both existing and planned future<br />
water quality regulations should be improved.<br />
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WATER QUALITY<br />
Monitoring Requirements<br />
The <strong>City</strong> is responsible for water quality within its system, although much <strong>of</strong> the monitoring and<br />
testing is accomplished by SPU. <strong>Water</strong> quality monitoring requirements are contained in WAC<br />
246-290-300. SPU has an agreement with DOH that permits SPU to submit 70 percent <strong>of</strong> the<br />
number <strong>of</strong> samples listed in WAC 246-290-300 for each purveyor they supply with water. In<br />
accordance with WAC 246-290-300 and this agreement, the <strong>City</strong> must comply with the following<br />
monitoring requirements because it receives completely treated water from another public water<br />
system (i.e., SPU):<br />
1. Collect coliform samples in accordance with WAC 246-290-300(2). In summary, this<br />
consists <strong>of</strong>:<br />
a. Collecting a minimum <strong>of</strong> six (6) coliform samples per month, based on the population<br />
served by the <strong>City</strong>, and submitting the samples to a certified laboratory for analysis.<br />
Collect and submit additional samples, as required, when a coliform sample is<br />
determined invalid. SPU’s agreement with DOH reduces the minimum number <strong>of</strong><br />
samples per month to five (5).<br />
b. Preparing a Coliform Monitoring <strong>Plan</strong> and updating it, as necessary.<br />
2. Perform distribution system monitoring in accordance with Section 7 <strong>of</strong> WAC 246-290-300<br />
for disinfection by-product (DBP), disinfectant residuals, and disinfection by-product<br />
precursors (DBPP). Since the <strong>City</strong> purchases its water from SPU, SPU must perform water<br />
quality monitoring in accordance with this section.<br />
3. Perform lead and copper monitoring required under 40 CFR 141.86, 141.87, and 141.88. The<br />
first round <strong>of</strong> monitoring was required during the first half <strong>of</strong> 1992 and the second round <strong>of</strong><br />
monitoring was required during the second half <strong>of</strong> 1992. Two successive six-month followup<br />
rounds <strong>of</strong> monitoring were required in 1997, then most recently in 2003 and 2004.<br />
4. Perform distribution system monitoring in accordance with 40 CFR 141.23(b) for asbestos, if<br />
applicable. Since the <strong>City</strong> has asbestos cement pipe in its water system, the <strong>City</strong> is required<br />
to sample water from a tap that is served by an asbestos cement pipe during the first threeyear<br />
compliance period <strong>of</strong> each nine-year asbestos compliance cycle.<br />
If unsatisfactory samples from the above monitoring are detected, the procedures in WAC 246-<br />
290-320, -480, and -330 must be followed for repeat sampling, Department <strong>of</strong> Health<br />
notification, and customer notification.<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> Source and Quality<br />
Monitoring Results<br />
The <strong>City</strong> has been in compliance with all monitoring requirements for the past several years. A<br />
summary <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s compliance status for the monitoring requirements identified above is<br />
presented below.<br />
Coliform Monitoring<br />
SPU provides coliform monitoring <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s water system as part <strong>of</strong> its regional monitoring<br />
program. The <strong>City</strong> is responsible for follow-up or repeat sampling if samples collected by SPU<br />
test positive for coliforms. SPU currently collects a minimum <strong>of</strong> five samples each month from<br />
water quality monitoring sample stands at two different locations in the <strong>City</strong>’s distribution<br />
system. These locations are at the intersection <strong>of</strong> 3rd Avenue NE and NE Stewart Street, and at<br />
28522 NE 151st Street. SPU uses its own certified laboratory for the water quality analysis<br />
work. The results <strong>of</strong> coliform tests from the last ten years have all been satisfactory.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> prepared a Coliform Monitoring <strong>Plan</strong> in 1994 and received plan approval from DOH.<br />
A <strong>Water</strong> Quality Monitoring <strong>Plan</strong>, which presents a more detailed discussion <strong>of</strong> the coliform<br />
monitoring activities, is contained in Appendix L.<br />
Trihalomethane Monitoring<br />
Trihalomethanes (THMs) are disinfection by-products that are formed when free chlorine reacts<br />
with organic substances, most <strong>of</strong> which occur naturally. Formation <strong>of</strong> THMs is dependent on<br />
such factors as amount and type <strong>of</strong> chlorine used, water temperature, concentration <strong>of</strong> organic<br />
substances, pH, and chlorine contact time. Total trihalomethanes (TTHM) is a composite<br />
measure that sums the concentrations <strong>of</strong> four individual trihalomethanes.<br />
SPU provides trihalomethane monitoring <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s water system as part <strong>of</strong> its regional<br />
monitoring program. Prior to the end <strong>of</strong> 1999 the <strong>City</strong> was required to collect a minimum <strong>of</strong> one<br />
water sample every three months from the end <strong>of</strong> the distribution system and submit it to a<br />
certified laboratory for analysis <strong>of</strong> total trihalomethanes. During the twelve sampling periods<br />
between 1997 and 1999, SPU reported trihalomethane levels ranging from 0.054 mg/L and 0.083<br />
mg/L. Beginning in 2000, the <strong>City</strong> was required to collect a minimum <strong>of</strong> one water sample<br />
every three years and submit it to a certified laboratory for analysis <strong>of</strong> total trihalomethanes. The<br />
results <strong>of</strong> the past sample collected during the sampling period in 2002 indicated a<br />
trihalomethane level <strong>of</strong> 0.025 mg/L. This level marks a large decrease in trihalomethane<br />
concentrations, which is attributed to the recent construction <strong>of</strong> the Tolt Treatment Facility.<br />
Based on these results, the <strong>City</strong> has not exceeded the prior maximum contaminant level (MCL)<br />
<strong>of</strong> 0.10 mg/L and is not exceeding the recently reduced level <strong>of</strong> 0.08 mg/L for TTHM.<br />
Residual Disinfectant Concentration Monitoring<br />
In accordance with WAC 246-290-662, the minimum residual disinfectant concentration entering<br />
the <strong>City</strong>’s distribution system shall be at least 0.2 mg/L. Samples taken within the distribution<br />
system are required to have a residual disinfectant concentration that is detectable in at least 95<br />
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percent <strong>of</strong> the samples taken each calendar month. The results <strong>of</strong> the residual disinfectant<br />
concentration monitoring must be reported to DOH using DOH approved forms within ten days<br />
after the end <strong>of</strong> each month, unless otherwise directed by DOH. A further discussion <strong>of</strong> the<br />
recordkeeping and reporting requirements is contained in Chapter 8 (Operations and<br />
Maintenance).<br />
Tolt River water is initially disinfected at the treatment plant with ozone for the initial kill <strong>of</strong><br />
harmful microbials and disinfected a second time at the treatment plant with gaseous chlorine to<br />
maintain a residual throughout the regional transmission system. The samples collected by SPU<br />
for coliform analysis were also analyzed for residual disinfectant concentration by the SPU<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Quality Laboratory. The average residual disinfectant concentration <strong>of</strong> water within the<br />
<strong>City</strong>’s distribution system in 2002 was 0.65 mg/L at the DU-1 sample site and 0.71 mg/L at the<br />
DU-2 sample site. The results <strong>of</strong> individual samples taken in 2002 ranged from a low <strong>of</strong> 0.13<br />
mg/L to a high <strong>of</strong> 1.20 mg/L. Although samples taken in June <strong>of</strong> 2002 did not contain a residual<br />
disinfectant concentration <strong>of</strong> at least 0.2, the <strong>City</strong> was in compliance with disinfection<br />
requirements, because all samples taken that month had a detectable residual disinfectant<br />
concentration and constituted over 95 percent <strong>of</strong> the samples taken that month.<br />
Lead and Copper Monitoring<br />
The Lead and Copper Rule identifies “action levels” for both lead and copper. An action level is<br />
different than a MCL in that a MCL is a legal limit for a contaminant, and an action level is a<br />
trigger for additional prevention or removal steps. The action level for lead is greater than 0.015<br />
mg/L. The action level for copper is greater than 1.3 mg/L. If the 90th percentile concentration<br />
<strong>of</strong> either lead or copper from the group <strong>of</strong> samples exceeds these action levels, a corrosion<br />
control study must be undertaken to evaluate strategies and make recommendations for reducing<br />
the lead or copper concentration below the action levels.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> participates in SPU’s regional lead and copper monitoring program. The <strong>City</strong> obtained<br />
samples from one location within the water service area most recently in 1997 for the regional<br />
monitoring program and submitted the samples to the SPU <strong>Water</strong> Quality Laboratory for<br />
analysis. Although the <strong>City</strong>’s sample did not exceed the action levels, the regional testing did,<br />
requiring annual public education and treatment improvements because compliance is<br />
determined on a regional basis. <strong>Duvall</strong> provides information on lead and copper to customers in<br />
their annual drinking water quality report to comply with public notification requirements for<br />
lead and copper.<br />
Corrosion control studies prepared by SPU and submitted to DOH have concluded that the<br />
corrosion control facilities that were installed in the early 1980’s are optimized, but are unable to<br />
keep the level <strong>of</strong> lead in some parts <strong>of</strong> the system below the action level. Through a bilateral<br />
compliance agreement with the DOH and SPU, the EPA lead and copper monitoring<br />
requirements for SPU (which included the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>) were lifted until corrosion control<br />
improvements could be constructed. Through these improvements, an increased level <strong>of</strong><br />
corrosion control is now being provided within the treatment processes <strong>of</strong> the Tolt Treatment<br />
Facility. This facility is expected to maintain lead and copper concentrations well below the<br />
action levels. SPU is planning to conduct another corrosion control study to ensure that all lead<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> Source and Quality<br />
and copper requirements are now being met, and lead and copper monitoring is now scheduled to<br />
resume in 2003 and 2004.<br />
Asbestos<br />
Asbestos monitoring is required if the sources are vulnerable to asbestos contamination or if<br />
more than ten percent <strong>of</strong> the distribution system contains asbestos cement pipe. Asbestos cement<br />
pipe is present in the <strong>City</strong>’s water system and constitutes over ten percent <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
distribution system, therefore the <strong>City</strong> must monitor for asbestos in the distribution system. The<br />
current MCL for asbestos is seven million fibers per liter and greater than ten microns in length.<br />
Monitoring must be accomplished during the first three-year compliance period <strong>of</strong> each nineyear<br />
compliance cycle. The water sample must be taken at a tap that is served by an asbestos<br />
cement pipe under conditions where asbestos contamination is most likely to occur. The <strong>City</strong><br />
took samples to test for asbestos monitoring purposes in the years <strong>of</strong> 1998, 1999, and 2000. The<br />
measured samples during these years were all below the MCL for asbestos. The <strong>City</strong> is now<br />
required to monitor for asbestos once every nine years.<br />
PLANNING OF FUTURE WATER SUPPLIES<br />
Taylor’s Landing Well<br />
The <strong>City</strong> currently holds a water right to the Taylor’s Landing Well which permits a maximum<br />
<strong>of</strong> 35 acre-feet <strong>of</strong> water to be used annually, or approximately 11.4 million gallons. This is less<br />
than 10 percent <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s annual water demand, which is expected to increase in the future.<br />
Although the Taylor’s Landing Well may not be able to provide the <strong>City</strong> with a sole source <strong>of</strong><br />
water supply, the development <strong>of</strong> this water supply may be utilized to supplement future sources,<br />
possibly presenting a cost savings to the <strong>City</strong> by reducing the amount <strong>of</strong> water purchased from<br />
regional suppliers in the future. However, development <strong>of</strong> this source will require the <strong>City</strong> to<br />
comply with many <strong>of</strong> the Federal Safe Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Act requirements outlined earlier in this<br />
chapter. The costs <strong>of</strong> these water treatment and monitoring requirements, which are currently<br />
provided in most part by SPU, may outweigh the potential cost savings in the reduction <strong>of</strong><br />
purchased water.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> may also pursue the acquisition <strong>of</strong> additional water rights to fully supply its customers<br />
with water produced by the <strong>City</strong>. Given the complexities involved and the lengthy process <strong>of</strong><br />
obtaining additional water rights, this may not be a feasible option. The future use <strong>of</strong><br />
groundwater, whether from the existing Taylor’s Landing Well or from another source within the<br />
<strong>City</strong>, will be analyzed in an extensive geologic, hydrologic and financial feasibility basis if the<br />
<strong>City</strong> decides to pursue this option.<br />
Purchased <strong>Water</strong> from SPU<br />
The 1981 <strong>Water</strong> Purveyor Contract is a long-term agreement that requires SPU to supply a<br />
reliable source <strong>of</strong> treated water to the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> at wholesale prices, based upon the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
long-term commitment for water demand. The original contract, dated November 1981, was<br />
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CHAPTER 6<br />
amended on February 3, 1982, February 26, 1982, and June 6, 1994. A copy <strong>of</strong> the contract and<br />
its amendments is contained in Appendix C. The contract will remain effective until January 1,<br />
2012, at which time it will terminate. SPU formally notified the <strong>City</strong> and all other purveyors in<br />
August <strong>of</strong> 1996 that the purveyor contracts will not be renewed in their present form. However,<br />
the contract is expected to be renegotiated in 2012.<br />
SPU presented a new water supply contract to the <strong>City</strong> in 2002, which would replace the existing<br />
contract and extend the supply arrangement beyond the current contract’s expiration date. The<br />
<strong>City</strong> has reviewed the new water supply contract at length and has decided not to enter into the<br />
new contract at this time. The <strong>City</strong> will continue to evaluate the new water supply contract, the<br />
Taylor’s Landing Well, as well as other options, in an effort to fulfill its commitment to provide<br />
existing and future customers with a continuous supply <strong>of</strong> safe, reliable, and affordable water.<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH6 (12/29/04 1:55 PM) 6-24 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Analysis 7<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
This chapter presents the analysis <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> (<strong>City</strong>) existing water system. Individual<br />
water system components were analyzed to determine their ability to meet policies and design<br />
criteria under both existing and future water demand conditions. The policies and design criteria<br />
are presented in Chapter 5 and the water demands are presented in Chapter 4. A description <strong>of</strong><br />
the water system facilities and their current operation is presented in Chapter 2. Proposed<br />
improvements that resolve the deficiencies identified in this chapter are presented in Chapter 9.<br />
The last section <strong>of</strong> this chapter presents the existing system capacity analysis that was<br />
performed to determine the maximum number <strong>of</strong> equivalent residential units (ERU’s) that can be<br />
served by the <strong>City</strong>’s water system.<br />
PRESSURE ZONES<br />
The ideal static pressure <strong>of</strong> water supplied to customers is between 40 and 80 psi. Pressures<br />
within a water system’s distribution system are commonly as high as 120 psi, requiring pressure<br />
regulators on individual service lines to reduce the pressure to 80 psi or less. It is difficult for<br />
the <strong>City</strong>’s water system and most others to maintain distribution pressures between 40 and 80<br />
psi, primarily due to the topography <strong>of</strong> the water service area.<br />
Table 7-1 lists each <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s five pressure zones, the highest and lowest elevation served in<br />
each zone, and the minimum and maximum distribution system pressures within each zone,<br />
based on maximum static water conditions (full reservoirs and zero demands). The <strong>City</strong> is<br />
currently providing water at pressures <strong>of</strong> at least 40 psi throughout the entire water system, as<br />
shown in the table. The highest pressures in the distribution system occur on the west side <strong>of</strong> the<br />
450 Zone, on NE 145th Street near the boundary <strong>of</strong> the 330 Zone. The services at this location,<br />
as well as services in other pressure zones, have static pressures greater than 80 psi. All water<br />
services in these high pressure areas have individual pressure reducing valves to reduce the<br />
service pressure to 80 psi or less. Additionally, the <strong>City</strong> requires individual pressure reducing<br />
valves on all new services.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 7-1 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH7 (12/29/04 2:14 PM)
CHAPTER 7<br />
Table 7-1<br />
Minimum and Maximum Distribution <strong>System</strong> Pressures<br />
Highest Elevation Served Lowest Elevation Served<br />
Elevation Static Pressure Elevation Static Pressure<br />
Pressure Zone (feet) (psi) (feet) (psi)<br />
615 Zone 497 51 406 91<br />
555 Zone 442 49 299 111<br />
485 Zone 372 49 294 83<br />
450 Zone 296 67 187 114<br />
330 Zone 220 48 54 120<br />
SUPPLY FACILITIES<br />
This section evaluates the <strong>City</strong>’s two supply stations to determine if they have sufficient capacity<br />
to provide water supply to the system at a rate that meets the existing and future demands <strong>of</strong> the<br />
system. This section also identifies facility deficiencies that are not related to the capacity <strong>of</strong> the<br />
facilities.<br />
Supply Analysis Criteria<br />
Supply facilities must be capable <strong>of</strong> adequately and reliably supplying high quality water to the<br />
system. In addition, supply facilities must provide a sufficient quantity <strong>of</strong> water at pressures that<br />
meet the requirements <strong>of</strong> WAC 246-290-230. The capacity <strong>of</strong> supply facilities in a pressure zone<br />
that has adequate storage must be sufficient to provide water at a rate that is equal to or greater<br />
than the peak day demand <strong>of</strong> the zone being served. This approach assumes that demands in<br />
excess <strong>of</strong> the peak day demand will be supplied by reservoirs (i.e., equalizing storage). Since<br />
both <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s supply facilities are capable <strong>of</strong> providing supply to pressure zones that can also<br />
be supplied from storage for intraday peak demands, the supply requirement <strong>of</strong> each facility is<br />
equal to the peak day demand <strong>of</strong> the zone it serves, including zones that are indirectly served<br />
through pressure reducing stations or booster pump stations.<br />
Supply Analysis<br />
The Tolt 1 Supply Station provides water directly into the 615 Zone, which in turn fills the Big<br />
Rock Road Reservoir and the Crestview Estates Reservoir. The Tolt 2 Supply Station provides<br />
water directly into the 450 Zone, which will also fill the Big Rock Road Reservoir when the<br />
water supply rate is greater than the system demand. <strong>Water</strong> supply from the Tolt 2 Supply<br />
Station can also be used to fill the Crestview Estates Reservoir through the 615 Zone Booster<br />
Pump Station. Since all pressure zones in the system normally receive water from both supply<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Analysis<br />
stations, the supply analyses are based on an evaluation <strong>of</strong> the existing supply facilities providing<br />
water to the system as a whole.<br />
Table 7-2 summarizes the current and future water supply requirements <strong>of</strong> the system. The<br />
existing water supply evaluation is based on 2002 supply requirements (i.e., demands) and<br />
current supply capacities <strong>of</strong> the facilities. The future water supply evaluation is based on future<br />
6-year and buildout development supply requirements (i.e., projected demands) and current<br />
supply capacities <strong>of</strong> the facilities. The demands used in the evaluation are future demand<br />
projections without reductions from conservation efforts, as shown in Table 4-10 <strong>of</strong> Chapter 4.<br />
Therefore, if additional reductions in water use are achieved in the future through water<br />
conservation efforts, the total supply required in the future will be less than that shown in the<br />
table.<br />
The results <strong>of</strong> the water supply evaluation indicate that the <strong>City</strong> currently has approximately<br />
2,324 gpm <strong>of</strong> excess supply capacity based on 2002 demand levels. Table 7-2 also indicates that<br />
the existing supply facilities are sufficient to meet the demand <strong>of</strong> existing and future customers<br />
through 2022, even through buildout <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s urban reserve area (i.e., maximum projection).<br />
It is estimated that the <strong>City</strong> will have approximately 1,644 gpm <strong>of</strong> excess supply capacity if the<br />
average growth projections are realized, and approximately 1,200 gpm <strong>of</strong> excess supply based on<br />
maximum growth projections.<br />
Table 7-2<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Supply Evaluation<br />
Existing Average Projection 1 Maximum Projection 2<br />
Description 2002 2008 2022 2008 2022<br />
Required Source Capacity (gpm)<br />
Peak Day Demand 636 1,010 1,316 1,010 1,760<br />
Available Source Capacity (gpm)<br />
Tolt 1 Supply Station 1,760 1,760 1,760 1,760 1,760<br />
Tolt 2 Supply Station 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200<br />
Totals 2,960 2,960 2,960 2,960 2,960<br />
Surplus or Deficient Source Capacity (gpm)<br />
Surplus or Deficient Amt. 2,324 1,950 1,644 1,950 1,200<br />
1 = Average projections are based on growth within the <strong>City</strong>'s UGA, excluding the urban reserve area.<br />
2 = Maximum projections are based on growth within the <strong>City</strong>'s UGA, including the urban reserve area.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 7-3 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH7 (12/29/04 2:14 PM)
CHAPTER 7<br />
Reliability Analysis<br />
The configuration <strong>of</strong> the existing system provides the <strong>City</strong> with the ability to supply all<br />
customers throughout the system through one supply station in the event that the other supply<br />
station is out <strong>of</strong> service. Currently, each supply station is capable <strong>of</strong> providing adequate supply<br />
to individually meet the demand requirements <strong>of</strong> the existing system. The future water supply<br />
evaluation shown in Table 7-2 indicates that the Tolt 2 Supply Station is not capable <strong>of</strong> meeting<br />
the future demand requirements though 2022 in the event that the Tolt 1 Supply Station is out <strong>of</strong><br />
service. However, it is during this type <strong>of</strong> an event that standby storage is used to augment the<br />
supply to customers. Currently, the Tolt 2 Supply Station’s available supply is limited by the 10-<br />
inch transmission main that connects the station with the remainder <strong>of</strong> the system. The supply<br />
capacity <strong>of</strong> the Tolt 2 Supply Station will be increased to approximately 1,760 gpm upon<br />
completion <strong>of</strong> the proposed transmission main improvements described in Chapter 9.<br />
Facility Deficiencies<br />
The Tolt 1 Supply Station and the Tolt 2 Supply Station are both in fairly good condition. The<br />
two facilities, however, are not drained adequately and commonly have standing water that<br />
contributes to excess moisture within the vaults. Both supply stations lack pressure sensors on<br />
the upstream and downstream sides <strong>of</strong> their control valves that would enable the telemetry<br />
system to monitor system pressures at these locations and utilize this data for improved system<br />
operation and notification <strong>of</strong> abnormal conditions. Proposed improvements that resolve<br />
deficiencies for the supply stations are identified in Chapter 9.<br />
615 ZONE BOOSTER PUMP STATION<br />
This section evaluates the 615 Zone Booster Pump Station to determine if it has sufficient<br />
capacity to provide water supply to the zones that it serves at a rate that meets existing and future<br />
demands. This section also identifies facility deficiencies that are not related to the capacity <strong>of</strong><br />
the booster pump station.<br />
Supply Analysis Criteria<br />
The criteria for evaluating the capacity <strong>of</strong> the 615 Zone Booster Pump Station is different than<br />
the criteria described above for the supply facilities. The 615 Zone does not have storage, so all<br />
water supply, including fire flow, must be provided by the 615 Zone Booster Pump Station.<br />
Therefore, the capacity <strong>of</strong> the booster pump station must be sufficient to meet the peak hour<br />
demand <strong>of</strong> the zone and simultaneously provide fire flow at a rate equal to the largest fire flow<br />
requirement <strong>of</strong> the zone. Additionally, the 615 Zone Booster Pump Station indirectly provides<br />
water supply to the 555 Zone and subsequently to the 485 Zone. The Crestview Estates<br />
Reservoir, however, provides water storage for the 555 Zone and the 485 Zone, thus, fire flow<br />
and peak hour demands in excess <strong>of</strong> peak day demands are provided by the reservoir in these two<br />
zones. The pump station, therefore, is required to provide peak day demands to the 555 Zone<br />
and the 485 Zone in addition to the 615 Zone’s peak hour demand and fire flow supply<br />
requirements. Although the Tolt 1 Supply Station can supplement the pump station’s supply into<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Analysis<br />
the 615 Zone, depending on the Tolt Pipeline gradient and discharge head at the 615 Zone<br />
Booster Pump Station, this analysis assumes that no supply is provided by the Tolt 1 Supply<br />
Station.<br />
Supply Analysis<br />
Table 7-3 summarizes the total supply requirements <strong>of</strong> the 615 Booster Pump Station based on<br />
existing demands as well as average and maximum growth projections for 2008 and 2022<br />
demand conditions. The table also shows the existing capacity <strong>of</strong> the 615 Zone Booster Pump<br />
Station.<br />
Table 7-3<br />
615 Zone Booster Pump Station Supply Evaluation<br />
Existing Average Projection 1 Maximum Projection 2<br />
Description 2002 2008 2022 2008 2022<br />
Required Supply (gpm)<br />
615 Zone Peak Hour Demand 469 574 660 574 1,765<br />
615 Zone Max. Fire Flow Demand 3 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000<br />
Transfer to 555/485 Zones 188 341 465 341 383<br />
Total Required Supply 1,658 1,915 2,125 1,915 3,148<br />
Available Supply (gpm)<br />
615 Zone Booster Pump Station 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000<br />
Surplus or Deficient Supply (gpm)<br />
Surplus or Deficient Amt. 342 85 -125 85 -1,148<br />
1 = Average projections are based on growth within the <strong>City</strong>'s UGA, excluding the urban reserve area.<br />
2 = Maximum projections are based on growth within the <strong>City</strong>'s UGA, including the urban reserve area.<br />
3 = Fire flow to the 555 and 485 Zones is provided by the Crestview Estates Reservoir.<br />
The results <strong>of</strong> the analysis indicate that the 615 Zone Booster Pump Station has sufficient<br />
capacity to meet the existing and 2008 demand projections. However, the station will need<br />
between approximately 125 gpm and 1,150 gpm <strong>of</strong> additional capacity by 2022. <strong>Plan</strong>ned<br />
improvements to provide this additional capacity are identified in Chapter 9.<br />
Reliability Analysis<br />
The 615 Zone Booster Pump Station has three pumps that provide water supply to the 615 Zone.<br />
The reliability <strong>of</strong> supply to the 615 Zone is achieved with the multiple pump arrangement and<br />
supply also being provided by the Tolt 1 Supply Station. The booster pump station is also<br />
equipped with a stationary engine generator set equipped with an automatic transfer switch to<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 7-5 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH7 (12/29/04 2:14 PM)
CHAPTER 7<br />
enable operation <strong>of</strong> the station in the event <strong>of</strong> a power outage. The reliability <strong>of</strong> supply to the<br />
615 Zone is sufficient and does not warrant additional improvements for this purpose.<br />
Facility Deficiencies<br />
The booster pump station is less than ten years old and the facility is in good condition.<br />
Modifications to the control valves and control system are needed to improve system operation<br />
<strong>of</strong> the pump station and water system in general. Proposed improvements to resolve this<br />
deficiency are identified in Chapter 9.<br />
STORAGE FACILITIES<br />
This section evaluates the <strong>City</strong>’s existing water storage facilities to determine if they have<br />
sufficient capacity to meet the existing and future storage requirements <strong>of</strong> the system. This<br />
section also identifies facility deficiencies that are not related to the capacity <strong>of</strong> the water<br />
reservoirs.<br />
Analysis Criteria<br />
<strong>Water</strong> storage is typically made up <strong>of</strong> the following components: operational storage, equalizing<br />
storage, standby storage, fire flow storage, and dead storage. Each storage component serves a<br />
different purpose and will vary from system to system. A definition <strong>of</strong> each storage component<br />
and the criteria used to evaluate the capacity <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s reservoirs is provided below.<br />
Operational Storage - Volume <strong>of</strong> the reservoir represented by the average amount <strong>of</strong> drawdown<br />
during normal operating conditions, which is essentially storage that will most likely not be<br />
available for equalizing storage, fire flow storage, or standby storage.<br />
Equalizing Storage - Volume <strong>of</strong> the reservoir used to supply the water system under peak<br />
demand conditions when the system demand exceeds the total rate <strong>of</strong> supply <strong>of</strong> the sources. The<br />
criteria for determining the equalizing storage requirements for the <strong>City</strong>’s system is based on an<br />
evaluation <strong>of</strong> the diurnal demand curve <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s peak day demand event. The Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Health (DOH) requires that equalizing storage be stored above an elevation that will provide a<br />
minimum pressure <strong>of</strong> 30 psi at all service connections throughout the system under peak hour<br />
demand conditions.<br />
Standby Storage - Volume <strong>of</strong> the reservoir used to supply the water system under emergency<br />
conditions when supply facilities are out <strong>of</strong> service due to equipment failures, power outages,<br />
loss <strong>of</strong> supply, transmission main breaks, and any other situation that disrupts the supply source.<br />
DOH recommends that standby storage be stored above an elevation that will provide a<br />
minimum pressure <strong>of</strong> 20 psi at all service connections throughout the system. The criteria for<br />
determining the standby storage requirements for the <strong>City</strong>’s system, which has multiple supply<br />
sources, is based on the DOH <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Design Manual formula that requires average day<br />
demand, ERU’s, and supply capacity data.<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Analysis<br />
Fire Flow Storage - Volume <strong>of</strong> the reservoir used to supply water to the system at the maximum<br />
rate and duration required to extinguish a fire at the building with the highest fire flow<br />
requirement. The magnitude <strong>of</strong> the fire flow storage is the product <strong>of</strong> the fire flow rate and<br />
duration <strong>of</strong> the system’s maximum fire flow requirement, as established by the local fire<br />
protection authority. DOH requires that fire flow storage be stored above an elevation that will<br />
provide a minimum pressure <strong>of</strong> 20 psi at all service connections throughout the system under<br />
peak day demand conditions. The fire flow storage requirements shown in the evaluation that<br />
follow are based on a 3,000 gpm fire flow rate and 3-hour duration. In addition, the fire flow<br />
and standby storage components were not consolidated, as shown in the storage evaluation<br />
tables.<br />
Dead Storage - Volume <strong>of</strong> the reservoir that cannot be used, because it is stored at an elevation<br />
that does not provide system pressures that meet the minimum pressure requirements established<br />
by DOH without pumping. This unusable storage occupies the lower portion <strong>of</strong> most ground<br />
level reservoirs. <strong>Water</strong> that is stored below an elevation that cannot provide a minimum pressure<br />
<strong>of</strong> 20 psi is considered dead storage for the analyses that follow.<br />
Storage Analysis<br />
Similar to the supply facility analysis, the storage analyses are based on an evaluation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
existing reservoirs providing water to the system as a whole, since water from either reservoir<br />
may be utilized by any zone in the system through pressure reducing stations or booster pump<br />
stations. The demands used in the evaluation <strong>of</strong> future storage requirements are future demand<br />
projections without reductions from conservation efforts, as shown in Table 4-10 <strong>of</strong> Chapter 4.<br />
Existing Storage Evaluation<br />
Table 7-4 summarizes the results <strong>of</strong> the water storage evaluation for the existing system, based<br />
on 2002 storage requirements (i.e., demands) and existing storage capacities <strong>of</strong> the reservoirs.<br />
The maximum combined storage capacity <strong>of</strong> the two reservoirs that provide storage to the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
system is 2.7 MG, as shown in Table 7-4. Unlike most water systems, the <strong>City</strong>’s reservoirs do<br />
not contain dead storage (i.e., non-usable storage). Therefore, the capacity <strong>of</strong> the Big Rock Road<br />
Reservoir and the Crestview Estates Reservoir may be fully utilized as usable storage for<br />
operational, equalizing, standby, and fire flow purposes. The results <strong>of</strong> the existing water<br />
storage evaluation indicate that the <strong>City</strong> has adequate storage to meet existing demands.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 7-7 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH7 (12/29/04 2:14 PM)
CHAPTER 7<br />
Table 7-4<br />
Existing Storage Evaluation<br />
Existing <strong>System</strong><br />
Description 2002<br />
Available/Usable Storage (MG)<br />
Maximum Storage Capacity 2.70<br />
Dead (Non-usable Storage) 0.00<br />
Total Available Storage 2.70<br />
Required Storage (MG)<br />
Operational Storage 1.10<br />
Equalizing Storage 0.10<br />
Standby Storage 0.46<br />
Fire Flow Storage 0.63<br />
Totals 2.29<br />
Surplus or Deficient Storage (MG)<br />
Surplus or Deficient Amt. 0.41<br />
The amount <strong>of</strong> required operational storage, as shown in Table 7-4, currently totals almost half<br />
<strong>of</strong> the existing system’s required storage. The majority <strong>of</strong> this operational storage volume is due<br />
to an average drawdown <strong>of</strong> nine feet in the large diameter Big Rock Road Reservoir. The <strong>City</strong><br />
has operated the reservoir at this level in an effort to maintain adequate chlorine residual for the<br />
stored water. Replacement <strong>of</strong> the reservoir’s single inlet/outlet water main with a separated inlet<br />
and outlet configuration, as well as operational improvements listed in Chapter 9, will enable<br />
the <strong>City</strong> to operate the reservoir more consistently at higher levels, thereby reducing the amount<br />
<strong>of</strong> required operational storage.<br />
Future Storage Evaluation<br />
Future storage requirements <strong>of</strong> the system were computed for the 6-year and 20-year planning<br />
periods, under both average and maximum growth scenarios, and were based on year 2008 and<br />
2022 demand projections. The analyses were performed to determine the adequacy <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
existing reservoirs to meet storage requirements <strong>of</strong> the future. The analyses are based on<br />
completion <strong>of</strong> proposed inlet/outlet and operational improvements for the Big Rock Road<br />
Reservoir that will allow the <strong>City</strong> to operate the reservoir at a higher level, decreasing the<br />
required volume <strong>of</strong> operational storage and thereby making additional storage available for<br />
future equalizing, standby and fire flow storage purposes. These improvements are planned to<br />
be completed prior to 2008 and are discussed in more detail in Chapter 9.<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Analysis<br />
As shown in Table 7-5, no additional storage facilities will be required through 2022 under<br />
either growth scenario if the proposed Big Rock Road Reservoir water quality improvements are<br />
accomplished.<br />
Table 7-5<br />
Future Storage Evaluation<br />
Average Projection 1 Maximum Projection 2<br />
Description 2008 2022 2008 2022<br />
Available/Usable Storage (MG)<br />
Maximum Storage Capacity 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70<br />
Dead (Non-usable Storage) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00<br />
Total Available Storage 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70<br />
Required Storage (MG)<br />
Operational Storage 3 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76<br />
Equalizing Storage 0.16 0.21 0.16 0.29<br />
Standby Storage 0.58 0.76 0.58 1.01<br />
Fire Flow Storage 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63<br />
Totals 2.14 2.36 2.14 2.69<br />
Surplus or Deficient Storage (MG)<br />
Surplus or Deficient Amt. 0.56 0.34 0.56 0.01<br />
1 = Average projections are based on growth within the <strong>City</strong>'s UGA, excluding the urban reserve area.<br />
2 = Maximum projections are based on growth within the <strong>City</strong>'s UGA, including the urban reserve area.<br />
3 = Operational storage based on completion <strong>of</strong> proposed reservoir improvements.<br />
Facility Deficiencies<br />
The Big Rock Road Reservoir is relatively new and in good condition. However, the reservoir’s<br />
combined inlet/outlet currently limits full utilization <strong>of</strong> the available storage capacity. The<br />
Crestview Estates Reservoir exterior coating is peeling <strong>of</strong>f at the base and needs to be repainted.<br />
Modifications to the control valves at both reservoir sites are also needed to improve overall<br />
system operation and efficiency. Proposed improvements to resolve these deficiencies are<br />
identified in Chapter 9.<br />
DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSMISSION SYSTEM<br />
This section evaluates the <strong>City</strong>’s existing distribution and transmission system (i.e., water mains)<br />
to determine if they are sized and looped adequately to provide the necessary flow rates and<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 7-9 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH7 (12/29/04 2:14 PM)
CHAPTER 7<br />
pressures to meet the existing and future requirements <strong>of</strong> the system. This section also identifies<br />
deficiencies that are not related to the capacity <strong>of</strong> the water mains.<br />
Analysis Criteria<br />
Distribution and transmission water mains must be capable <strong>of</strong> adequately and reliably conveying<br />
water throughout the system at acceptable flow rates and pressures. The criteria used to evaluate<br />
the <strong>City</strong>’s distribution and transmission system are the state mandated requirements for Group A<br />
water systems contained in WAC 246-290-230 Distribution <strong>System</strong>s. The pressure analysis<br />
criteria states that the distribution system “…shall be designed with the capacity to deliver the<br />
design peak hour demand quantity <strong>of</strong> water at 30 psi under peak hour demand flow conditions<br />
measured at all existing and proposed service water meters”. It also states that if fire flow is to<br />
be provided, “… the distribution system shall also provide maximum day demand (MDD) plus<br />
the required fire flow at a pressure <strong>of</strong> at least 20 psi at all points throughout the distribution<br />
system”.<br />
Hydraulic analyses <strong>of</strong> the existing system were performed under existing peak hour demand<br />
conditions to evaluate its current pressure capabilities and to identify existing system<br />
deficiencies. The existing system was also analyzed under existing peak day demand conditions<br />
to evaluate the current fire flow capabilities and to identify additional existing system<br />
deficiencies. Additional hydraulic analyses were then performed with the same hydraulic model,<br />
but under future peak day demand conditions and with proposed improvements to demonstrate<br />
that the identified improvements will eliminate the deficiencies and meet the requirements far<br />
into the future. Following is a description <strong>of</strong> the hydraulic model and the operational conditions<br />
and facility settings used in the analyses.<br />
Hydraulic Model<br />
Description<br />
A computer-based hydraulic model <strong>of</strong> the existing water system was created using version 2.0 <strong>of</strong><br />
the <strong>Water</strong>GEMS program, developed by Haestad Methods. All facilities and water mains in the<br />
<strong>City</strong>’s water system, including dead-end mains, were modeled using current data. The water<br />
mains were entered from AutoCAD water system maps and as-built records provided by the<br />
<strong>City</strong>. Elevation data for the model’s junction nodes was electronically extracted from digital<br />
contour maps provided by the <strong>City</strong>. A hydraulic model node diagram that provides a graphical<br />
representation <strong>of</strong> the model <strong>of</strong> the existing water system is contained in Appendix N.<br />
Demand Data<br />
The hydraulic model <strong>of</strong> the existing system contains 2002 average day demand data. Supply<br />
data from the 2002 average day demand was distributed throughout the junction nodes <strong>of</strong> the<br />
model, based on actual consumption patterns <strong>of</strong> the system, as represented by the consumption<br />
levels for each <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s development plats. Peaking factors shown in Chapter 4 were used<br />
to analyze the system under peak hour and peak day demand conditions.<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH7 (12/29/04 2:14 PM) 7-10 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Analysis<br />
The hydraulic model <strong>of</strong> the proposed system contains 20-year demand levels that are projected<br />
for the year 2022. The distribution <strong>of</strong> demands is based on estimated future demand levels in<br />
each pressure zone.<br />
Facilities<br />
The hydraulic model <strong>of</strong> the existing system for the pressure analysis contains all active existing<br />
system facilities with settings that correspond to peak hour demand events. All sources <strong>of</strong><br />
supply were operating at their normal rates <strong>of</strong> supply. The 615 Zone Booster Pump Station was<br />
modeled with the one <strong>of</strong> the large pumps operating, which is consistent with its current<br />
operational status. The reservoir levels were modeled to reflect full utilization <strong>of</strong> operational and<br />
equalizing storage. All active pressure reducing stations were modeled as being in service and at<br />
their normal set points.<br />
The hydraulic model <strong>of</strong> the existing system for the fire flow analyses contains all active existing<br />
system facilities with settings that correspond to peak day demand events. All sources <strong>of</strong> supply<br />
were operating at their normal rates <strong>of</strong> supply. The 615 Zone Booster Pump Station was<br />
modeled with the two large pumps operating. The reservoir levels were modeled to reflect full<br />
utilization <strong>of</strong> operational, equalizing, and fire flow storage. Fire flow storage for the 330 Zone,<br />
450 Zone, and 615 Zone, based on the maximum requirement in these zones <strong>of</strong> 3,500 gpm for 3<br />
hours or 630,000 gallons, was provided by the Big Rock Road Reservoir in the 450 Zone. Fire<br />
flow storage for the 485 Zone and 555 Zone, based on the maximum requirement in these zones<br />
<strong>of</strong> 1,750 gpm for 2 hours or 210,000 gallons, was provided by the Crestview Estates Reservoir in<br />
the 555 Zone. All active pressure reducing stations were modeled as being in service and at their<br />
normal set points.<br />
The hydraulic model <strong>of</strong> the proposed system in the year 2022 contains all active existing system<br />
facilities and proposed system improvements that are identified in Chapter 9. The settings for<br />
all active existing and proposed facilities were set to correspond to the future peak day demand<br />
events for the fire flow analysis <strong>of</strong> the proposed water system. Otherwise, facility settings were<br />
the same as in the existing system analyses.<br />
Calibration<br />
Hydraulic model calibration is the process <strong>of</strong> using field pressure and flow data to improve the<br />
accuracy <strong>of</strong> the hydraulic model data. Hydraulic model calibration is achieved by adjusting the<br />
roughness coefficients <strong>of</strong> the water mains in the model, so the resulting pressures and flows from<br />
the hydraulic analyses closely match the pressures and flows from actual field tests under similar<br />
demand and operating conditions. Calibration also involves adjusting junction node elevation<br />
data, based on elevation computations from field static pressures and reservoir level data. Initial<br />
Darcy-Weisbach roughness coefficients were entered in the model based on computed estimates<br />
<strong>of</strong> the coefficients from available pipe age and material data. For example, older water mains<br />
were assigned higher roughness coefficients than new water mains; thereby assuming that the<br />
internal surface <strong>of</strong> water pipe becomes rougher as it gets older. Additional calibration <strong>of</strong> the<br />
model was achieved using field flow and pressure data, which was collected throughout the<br />
system for this purpose.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 7-11 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH7 (12/29/04 2:14 PM)
CHAPTER 7<br />
Hydraulic Analyses<br />
Several hydraulic analyses were performed to determine the capability <strong>of</strong> the system to meet the<br />
pressure and flow requirements identified in Chapter 5 and contained in WAC 246-290-230. The<br />
first analysis was performed to determine the pressures throughout the system under existing<br />
(i.e., 2002) peak hour demand conditions. The second analysis was performed to determine the<br />
pressures throughout the system under future (i.e., 2022) peak hour demand conditions. The<br />
results <strong>of</strong> these analyses were used to identify locations <strong>of</strong> low and high pressures. To satisfy the<br />
minimum pressure requirements, the pressure at all water service locations must be at least 30<br />
psi during these demand conditions. In addition, the system should not have widespread areas<br />
with high pressures, generally considered to be more than approximately 100 psi. All areas <strong>of</strong> the<br />
system had pressures greater than 30 psi and a few areas had pressures greater than 100 psi, as<br />
shown in Table 7-6.<br />
Table 7-6<br />
Pressure Analysis Summary<br />
Description<br />
Approximate Location<br />
Pressure<br />
Zone<br />
Node<br />
Number<br />
Existing<br />
Dynamic<br />
Pressure (psi)<br />
Highest Pressure Areas<br />
Commercial Area NE Bird St & ~Railroad Ave NE 330 77 120<br />
Commercial Area NE 145th St & Carnation-<strong>Duvall</strong> Rd NE 330 1060 108<br />
Multi Family Area Park Apartments 450 298 107<br />
Single Family Area NE 145th St, West <strong>of</strong> Juniper Glen 450 1050 104<br />
All water mains with pressure greater than 100 psi, as identified from the analyses, were<br />
generally located along pressure zone boundaries. <strong>Water</strong> services in these areas, as with any<br />
future services, are equipped with pressure regulators to limit the maximum pressure to 80 psi<br />
for water provided to customers.<br />
The second set <strong>of</strong> analyses was performed to determine the capability <strong>of</strong> the existing water<br />
system to provide fire flow throughout the existing water system under peak day demand<br />
conditions. A separate fire flow analysis was performed for each node in the model to determine<br />
the available fire flow at a minimum residual pressure <strong>of</strong> 20 psi. Over 400 individual fire flow<br />
analyses were performed to comprehensively evaluate the water system. For each node<br />
analyzed, the resulting fire flow was compared to its general fire flow requirement, which was<br />
assigned according to the land use classification that it is located within. A summary <strong>of</strong> the<br />
results <strong>of</strong> the analyses for representative system nodes is presented in Table 7-7.<br />
Table 4-9 in the <strong>Water</strong> Demands chapter lists the general fire flow requirements for each land<br />
use classification. Since the fire flow requirement varies for buildings within each land use<br />
classification, the land use based fire flow requirements are only used as a general target for the<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH7 (12/29/04 2:14 PM) 7-12 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Analysis<br />
primary purpose <strong>of</strong> the system-wide analyses that were performed for this plan. The results <strong>of</strong><br />
the fire flow analyses were used to identify undersized water mains and proposed water main<br />
improvements. A summary <strong>of</strong> the fire flow deficiencies from these analyses is contained near<br />
the end <strong>of</strong> this section <strong>of</strong> the plan.<br />
Table 7-7<br />
Hydraulic Analysis Summary<br />
Available Fire Flow (gpm) Target<br />
Pressure Node Existing Future Fire Flow<br />
Description Approximate Location Zone Number <strong>System</strong> w/Improvements (gpm)<br />
Mobile Home Park ~280th Ave NE & ~NE 143rd St 615 160 1,910 2,540 1,000<br />
Mobile Home Park ~282nd Ave NE & ~NE 143rd St 615 210 1,550 2,480 1,000<br />
Single Family Area 279th Ln NE & NE 149th Pl 615 700 1,750 2,370 1,000<br />
Single Family Area 278th Ave NE & NE 145th Pl 555 193 2,380 3,120 1,000<br />
Single Family Area 278th Ave NE & NE 152nd St 555 134 1,860 2,100 1,000<br />
Single Family Area 272nd Pl NE & NE 144th Pl 555 860 1,850 1,770 1,000<br />
Single Family Area NE 140th Pl & ~NE 276th Wy 485 395 2,850 2,840 1,000<br />
Single Family Area ~NE 276th Wy & NE 140th Ct 485 364 1,740 1,730 1,000<br />
Single Family Area 271st Pl NE (end <strong>of</strong> cul de sac) 450 297 580 1,630 1,000<br />
Single Family Area NE Kennedy Dr & 4th Pl NE 450 1220 370 1,920 1,000<br />
Single Family Area NE Dorothy Way & ~4th Pl NE 450 1310 2,630 2,900 1,000<br />
Single Family Area NE Cherry St & 4th Ave NE 450 1540 870 3,840 1,000<br />
Single Family Area NE Virginia St & 4th Ave NE 450 1810 610 2,570 1,000<br />
Depot Village MHP 26220 NE Stella St 330 1580 1,790 4,270 3,000<br />
Bill King 15410 NE Main St 330 1460 4,900 4,560 3,000<br />
Mixed Use Area 1st Ave NE & NE Anderson 330 57 1,980 4,580 2,500<br />
Cherry Valley Elementary 26701 NE Cherry Valley Rd 330 33 2,340 4,400 3,500<br />
Whitfield Plaza NE Main St & NE Cherry St 330 1590 2,530 4,190 3,000<br />
Single Family Area NE Ring St & Broadway 330 26 370 2,810 1,000<br />
<strong>City</strong> Hall 15535 NE Main St 330 1570 3,080 4,270 3,000<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> Market Square 15820 NE Main St 330 1630 3,230 4,210 3,000<br />
Single Family Area NE Stephens & 2nd Ave NE 330 1360 4,500 4,630 1,000<br />
Once all deficiencies were identified, proposed water main improvements were included in the<br />
model and pressure and fire flow analyses were performed throughout the system to demonstrate<br />
that the improvements will eliminate the deficiencies and meet the flow and pressure<br />
requirements. These analyses were modeled under projected year 2022 peak day demand<br />
conditions to ensure that the improvements are sized sufficiently to meet the needs <strong>of</strong> the future.<br />
A summary <strong>of</strong> the results <strong>of</strong> these analyses is shown in Table 7-7 for the same areas that were<br />
summarized from the existing water system analyses. The results <strong>of</strong> the analyses indicate that all<br />
fire flow deficiencies are resolved with the proposed improvements. A description <strong>of</strong> these<br />
improvements and a figure that shows their locations are presented in Chapter 9. A brief<br />
description <strong>of</strong> the deficiencies identified from the hydraulic analyses is presented in the<br />
following section.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 7-13 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH7 (12/29/04 2:14 PM)
CHAPTER 7<br />
Deficiencies<br />
This section presents a summary <strong>of</strong> the distribution and transmission system deficiencies that<br />
were identified from the results <strong>of</strong> the hydraulic analyses <strong>of</strong> the existing water system and also<br />
includes deficiencies not related to the capacity <strong>of</strong> the mains. These deficiencies will be<br />
eliminated upon completion <strong>of</strong> the proposed improvements that are presented in Chapter 9.<br />
Fire Flow Deficiencies<br />
The following areas have low fire flows that do not meet the <strong>City</strong>’s target fire flow levels.<br />
• Low fire flows and high water velocities near the north end <strong>of</strong> Main Street NE, primarily<br />
due to undersized water mains serving the area.<br />
• Low fire flows and high water velocities in the Cherry Valley Elementary School area,<br />
primarily due to the undersized water mains that supply water to that area.<br />
• Low fire flows and high water velocities in the residential areas <strong>of</strong> the 330 Zone along<br />
Ring Street, Richardson Street, and Park Street, primarily due to the undersized water<br />
mains serving the areas.<br />
• Low fire flows and high water velocities in most areas <strong>of</strong> the 450 Zone north <strong>of</strong> NE Stella<br />
Street and east <strong>of</strong> 3rd Avenue NE, primarily due to the undersized water mains serving<br />
the areas.<br />
• Low fire flows and high water velocities in the 450 Zone along NE Kennedy Drive west<br />
<strong>of</strong> 4th Place NE, primarily due to the 4-inch water main serving the area.<br />
• High water velocities in the section <strong>of</strong> 8-inch water main along 284th Avenue NE<br />
between NE 144th Street and NE 147th Place.<br />
Other Deficiencies<br />
Several areas, most notably in the 330 Zone, have sufficient fire flow, but experience high water<br />
velocities in the distribution system due to undersized water mains. Operating the system with<br />
high water velocities can potentially damage the system, due to the high surge pressures that<br />
commonly occur with high water velocities. Replacement <strong>of</strong> undersized water mains in the<br />
future will eliminate these high water velocity areas.<br />
Some areas <strong>of</strong> the system have water mains that are more than 40 years old, which is<br />
approaching the average life expectancy <strong>of</strong> water mains <strong>of</strong> 50 years. Most <strong>of</strong> the older water<br />
mains are located in the downtown area <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> in the 330 Zone and the 450 Zone. The 10-<br />
inch asbestos cement (AC) transmission main between the Tolt 2 Supply Station and the 450<br />
Zone is more than 40 years old and is approaching the end <strong>of</strong> its service life. Other water main<br />
in the system, approximately fifteen percent <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s water main, is AC water main and is<br />
also in need <strong>of</strong> replacement. Most <strong>of</strong> the AC water main is located in the older areas <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH7 (12/29/04 2:14 PM) 7-14 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Analysis<br />
The <strong>City</strong> is planning to replace these deficient water mains in the future, as shown in the<br />
schedule <strong>of</strong> planned improvements in Chapter 9. All new water main installations are required<br />
to use ductile iron water main in accordance with the <strong>City</strong>’s <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Standards, a copy <strong>of</strong><br />
which is included in Appendix I.<br />
PRESSURE REDUCING STATIONS<br />
This section evaluates the <strong>City</strong>’s existing pressure reducing stations to identify deficiencies<br />
related to their current condition and operation capability.<br />
Evaluation and Deficiencies<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s water system has a total <strong>of</strong> 19 pressure reducing stations, <strong>of</strong> which most are in<br />
relatively good condition. However, as one <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s oldest PRV’s, the 3rd and Stewart<br />
PRV, is located in a manhole without a ladder access and the station’s valves and piping are not<br />
properly supported. Standing water was observed on the bottom <strong>of</strong> the manhole during a recent<br />
site visit. The PRV located near the intersection <strong>of</strong> NE 143rd Place and 268th Avenue NE is<br />
undersized to meet fire flow demands in the 330 Zone that it serves. None <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s pressure<br />
reducing stations are equipped with pressure relief valves, which are commonly installed on the<br />
lower pressure zone side <strong>of</strong> the reducing valve to protect the lower zone from high pressures in<br />
the event <strong>of</strong> a failure <strong>of</strong> the reducing valve. Proposed improvements for the pressure reducing<br />
stations are addressed in Chapter 9.<br />
TELEMETRY AND SUPERVISORY CONTROL SYSTEM<br />
This section evaluates the <strong>City</strong>’s existing telemetry and supervisory control system to identify<br />
deficiencies related to its current condition and operation capability.<br />
Evaluation and Deficiencies<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s existing telemetry and supervisory control system was installed in approximately<br />
1997. Improvements to the system are currently underway and are anticipated to continue into<br />
2005. The completed improvements will provide data collection and alarm notification at all<br />
facilities, and increased functionality and efficiency in system operation. A more detailed<br />
description <strong>of</strong> the improvements is in Chapter 9.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 7-15 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH7 (12/29/04 2:14 PM)
CHAPTER 7<br />
SYSTEM CAPACITY<br />
This section evaluates the capacity <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s water system components (supply, storage, and<br />
transmission) to determine the maximum number <strong>of</strong> equivalent residential units (ERU’s) it can<br />
serve. Once determined, system capacity becomes useful in determining how much capacity is<br />
available in the water system to support new customers that apply for water service. The system<br />
capacity information, together with the projected growth <strong>of</strong> the system expressed in ERU’s, as<br />
shown in Chart 4-3 <strong>of</strong> Chapter 4, also provides the <strong>City</strong> with a schedule <strong>of</strong> when additional<br />
system capacity is needed.<br />
Analysis Criteria<br />
The capacity <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s system was determined from the limiting capacity <strong>of</strong> the supply,<br />
storage, and transmission facilities (i.e., facility with the least capacity). The supply capacity<br />
analysis was based on the limiting capacity <strong>of</strong> the supply facilities and the system’s peak day<br />
demand per ERU. The storage capacity analysis was based on the total capacity <strong>of</strong> the storage<br />
facilities and the computed storage requirement per ERU. The storage requirement per ERU was<br />
determined from the existing storage requirements presented previously in this chapter and the<br />
existing number <strong>of</strong> ERU’s presented in Chapter 4. The transmission capacity analysis was<br />
based on the total capacity <strong>of</strong> the transmission system for the supply sources and the system’s<br />
peak day demand per ERU. The ERU-based demand data was derived from the average day<br />
demand <strong>of</strong> the system and demand peaking factors from Chapter 4.<br />
<strong>System</strong> Capacity Analysis<br />
A summary <strong>of</strong> the results <strong>of</strong> the system capacity analysis for the existing system is shown in<br />
Table 7-8. The results <strong>of</strong> the supply and transmission portion <strong>of</strong> the capacity analysis indicate<br />
that each facility type can support up to a maximum <strong>of</strong> approximately 8,501 ERU’s. The results<br />
<strong>of</strong> the storage system analysis indicate that the storage system can support up to a maximum <strong>of</strong><br />
approximately 2,689 ERU’s, therefore, the limiting capacity <strong>of</strong> the system is storage. As shown<br />
near the bottom <strong>of</strong> Table 7-8, there are approximately 408 ERU’s <strong>of</strong> available system capacity.<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH7 (12/29/04 2:14 PM) 7-16 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Analysis<br />
Table 7-8<br />
Existing <strong>System</strong> Capacity Analysis<br />
Demands Per ERU Basis<br />
Average Day Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 228<br />
Peak Day Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 501<br />
Peak Hour Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 902<br />
Supply Capacity<br />
Limiting Supply Rate - 2 Supply Facilities (gal/day) 4,262,400<br />
Peak Day Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 501<br />
Maximum Supply Capacity (ERU's) 8,501<br />
Storage Capacity<br />
Maximum Storage Capacity (gal) 2,700,000<br />
Storage Requirement Per ERU (gal) 1,004<br />
Maximum Storage Capacity (ERU's) 2,689<br />
Transmission Capacity<br />
Limiting Transmission Capacity (gal/day) 4,262,400<br />
Peak Day Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 501<br />
Maximum Transmission Capacity (ERU's) 8,501<br />
Maximum <strong>System</strong> Capacity<br />
Based on Limiting Facility - Storage 2,689<br />
Unused Available <strong>System</strong> Capacity<br />
Maximum <strong>System</strong> Capacity (ERU's) 2,689<br />
Existing (2002) ERU's 2,280<br />
Unused Available <strong>System</strong> Capacity (ERU's) 408<br />
A summary <strong>of</strong> the results <strong>of</strong> the system capacity analysis for the 6-year projected system is<br />
shown in Table 7-9. The results <strong>of</strong> this analysis are similar to the existing system capacity<br />
analysis, except for the storage capacity portion <strong>of</strong> the analysis, although storage remains to be<br />
the limiting capacity component <strong>of</strong> the system.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 7-17 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH7 (12/29/04 2:14 PM)
CHAPTER 7<br />
Table 7-9<br />
6-Year Projected <strong>System</strong> Capacity Analysis<br />
Demands Per ERU Basis<br />
Average Day Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 228<br />
Peak Day Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 501<br />
Peak Hour Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 902<br />
Supply Capacity<br />
Limiting Supply Rate - 2 Supply Facilities (gal/day) 4,262,400<br />
Peak Day Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 501<br />
Maximum Supply Capacity (ERU's) 8,501<br />
Storage Capacity<br />
Maximum Storage Capacity (gal) 2,700,000<br />
Storage Requirement Per ERU (gal) 738<br />
Maximum Storage Capacity (ERU's) 3,661<br />
Transmission Capacity<br />
Limiting Transmission Capacity (gal/day) 4,262,400<br />
Peak Day Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 501<br />
Maximum Transmission Capacity (ERU's) 8,501<br />
Maximum <strong>System</strong> Capacity<br />
Based on Limiting Facility - Storage 3,661<br />
Unused Available <strong>System</strong> Capacity<br />
Maximum <strong>System</strong> Capacity (ERU's) 3,661<br />
Existing (2002) ERU's 2,280<br />
Unused Available <strong>System</strong> Capacity (ERU's) 1,380<br />
The storage capacity analysis reflects the proposed inlet/outlet and operational improvements for<br />
the 2.2 MG Big Rock Road Reservoir, which are planned for completion within the 6-year<br />
period. These improvements will allow the <strong>City</strong> to operate the reservoir at a higher level,<br />
decreasing the required volume <strong>of</strong> operational storage and thereby making additional storage<br />
available for future equalizing, standby and fire flow storage purposes. The reduced storage<br />
requirement per ERU shown in Table 7-9 reflects this smaller operational storage requirement,<br />
which results in more capacity for future ERU’s. The storage requirement per ERU also<br />
decreases as more customers are added to the water system, because the operational and fire flow<br />
storage requirements remain constant, regardless <strong>of</strong> the number <strong>of</strong> customers served. As shown<br />
near the bottom <strong>of</strong> Table 7-9, the water system will be capable <strong>of</strong> supporting an additional 1,380<br />
ERU’s upon completion <strong>of</strong> the planned reservoir improvements.<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH7 (12/29/04 2:14 PM) 7-18 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Analysis<br />
A summary <strong>of</strong> the results <strong>of</strong> the system capacity analysis for the 20-year projected system is<br />
shown in Table 7-10, which is based on the average 20-year population projections (growth in<br />
UGA only) and Table 7-11, which is based on the maximum 20-year population projections<br />
(growth in UGA and urban reserve area).<br />
Table 7-10<br />
20-Year Projected <strong>System</strong> Capacity Analysis (Average Projection)<br />
Demands Per ERU Basis<br />
Average Day Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 228<br />
Peak Day Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 501<br />
Peak Hour Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 902<br />
Supply Capacity<br />
Limiting Supply Rate - 2 Supply Facilities (gal/day) 5,068,800<br />
Peak Day Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 501<br />
Maximum Supply Capacity (ERU's) 10,110<br />
Storage Capacity<br />
Maximum Storage Capacity (gal) 2,700,000<br />
Storage Requirement Per ERU (gal) 626<br />
Maximum Storage Capacity (ERU's) 4,314<br />
Transmission Capacity<br />
Limiting Transmission Capacity (gal/day) 5,068,800<br />
Peak Day Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 501<br />
Maximum Transmission Capacity (ERU's) 10,110<br />
Maximum <strong>System</strong> Capacity<br />
Based on Limiting Facility - Storage 4,314<br />
Unused Available <strong>System</strong> Capacity<br />
Maximum <strong>System</strong> Capacity (ERU's) 4,314<br />
Existing (2002) ERU's 2,280<br />
Unused Available <strong>System</strong> Capacity (ERU's) 2,034<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 7-19 DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH7 (12/29/04 2:14 PM)
CHAPTER 7<br />
The results <strong>of</strong> these analyses reflect the proposed improvements to the Tolt 2 Supply Station<br />
transmission main (CIP WM2), which will provide an increase in supply and transmission<br />
capacity. However, storage remains to be the limiting capacity component <strong>of</strong> the system for both<br />
<strong>of</strong> these analyses. Depending on how growth occurs in the system during the next 20 years, the<br />
water system will be capable <strong>of</strong> supporting an additional 2,034 to 2,788 ERU’s beyond the<br />
number <strong>of</strong> ERU’s that were served in 2002.<br />
Table 7-11<br />
20-Year Projected <strong>System</strong> Capacity Analysis (Maximum Projection)<br />
Demands Per ERU Basis<br />
Average Day Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 228<br />
Peak Day Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 501<br />
Peak Hour Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 902<br />
Supply Capacity<br />
Limiting Supply Rate - 2 Supply Facilities (gal/day) 5,068,800<br />
Peak Day Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 501<br />
Maximum Supply Capacity (ERU's) 10,110<br />
Storage Capacity<br />
Maximum Storage Capacity (gal) 2,700,000<br />
Storage Requirement Per ERU (gal) 533<br />
Maximum Storage Capacity (ERU's) 5,068<br />
Transmission Capacity<br />
Limiting Transmission Capacity (gal/day) 5,068,800<br />
Peak Day Demand Per ERU (gal/day) 501<br />
Maximum Transmission Capacity (ERU's) 10,110<br />
Maximum <strong>System</strong> Capacity<br />
Based on Limiting Facility - Storage 5,068<br />
Unused Available <strong>System</strong> Capacity<br />
Maximum <strong>System</strong> Capacity (ERU's) 5,068<br />
Existing (2002) ERU's 2,280<br />
Unused Available <strong>System</strong> Capacity (ERU's) 2,788<br />
DUV\102-081\PLAN\WCPCH7 (12/29/04 2:14 PM) 7-20 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Operations and Maintenance 8<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> operations and maintenance program consists <strong>of</strong> the following elements:<br />
• Normal Operations<br />
• Emergency Operations<br />
• Preventive Maintenance<br />
NORMAL OPERATIONS<br />
<strong>City</strong> Personnel<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s Public Works Department functions under the direction <strong>of</strong> the Public Works<br />
Director/<strong>City</strong> Engineer, Mr. Steve Schuller. The current water department operations and<br />
maintenance staff consists <strong>of</strong> several maintenance personnel that function under Mr. Schuller, as<br />
shown in Table 8-1. The water system tasks that are performed by the operations and<br />
maintenance staff include inspection, testing, installation, and repair <strong>of</strong> system facilities, routine<br />
operation and preventive maintenance, record keeping, administrative tasks, general clerical<br />
work, and corrective or breakdown maintenance required in response to emergencies.<br />
Washington State Law (WAC 246-292) requires the <strong>City</strong>’s system to be operated by one or more<br />
certified operators. In addition, specialty certification is required for backflow device testing.<br />
Table 8-2 shows the current certifications <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>'s operations and maintenance staff. It is<br />
<strong>City</strong> policy to maintain a well-qualified, technically-trained staff. The <strong>City</strong> annually allocates<br />
funds for personnel training, certification, and membership in pr<strong>of</strong>essional organizations, such as<br />
the American <strong>Water</strong> Works Association (AWWA). The <strong>City</strong> believes that time and money<br />
invested in training, certification, and pr<strong>of</strong>essional organizations are repaid many times in<br />
improved safety, skills, and confidence.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 8-1 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH8 (12/29/04 2:19 PM)
CHAPTER 8<br />
Table 8-1<br />
Organization Chart<br />
Director <strong>of</strong> Public Works/<strong>City</strong> Engineer<br />
Steve Schuller, P.E.<br />
<strong>System</strong> Operations<br />
Steven Leniszewski, P.E.<br />
Mike Marty<br />
Field Work and Repairs<br />
Jerry Marlette<br />
Mike Fisher<br />
Mike Marty<br />
Maintenance Staff<br />
Joe Chriest<br />
Brad Laurer<br />
Dustin Crawford<br />
Kyle Carrigan<br />
Table 8-2<br />
Personnel Certification<br />
Name Position Certification<br />
Steve Schuller, P.E. Director <strong>of</strong> Public Works/<strong>City</strong> Engineer<br />
Steven Leniszewski, P.E. Associate <strong>City</strong> Engineer WDM2, CCS<br />
Jerry Marlette Public Works Supervisor WDM2<br />
Mike Fisher Public Works Superintendent WDM2, CCS<br />
Mike Marty Operations Manager WDM2<br />
Joe Chriest Maintenance 2<br />
Brad Lauer Maintenance 2<br />
Dustin Crawford Maintenance 1<br />
Kyle Carrigan Maintenance 1<br />
Certification Definitions<br />
WDM - <strong>Water</strong> Distribution Manager<br />
CCS - Cross Connection Control Specialist<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH8 (12/29/04 2:19 PM) 8-2 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Operations and Maintenance<br />
Personnel Responsibilities<br />
The key responsibilities <strong>of</strong> the water operations and maintenance staff are summarized below.<br />
Director <strong>of</strong> Public Works/<strong>City</strong> Engineer: Directs the activities <strong>of</strong> all divisions <strong>of</strong> the Public<br />
Works Department. Represents the <strong>City</strong> at regional activities.<br />
Associate <strong>City</strong> Engineer: Responsible for overseeing the water system. Along with the<br />
Operations Manager, is responsible for the day-to-day operation <strong>of</strong> the water system. The<br />
associate <strong>City</strong> Engineer acts as a telemetry operator and also assists in the scheduling <strong>of</strong><br />
maintenance and operations for the system. He is involved in the decision making process<br />
during system troubleshooting, emergency response situations, implementation <strong>of</strong> system<br />
upgrades, and is part <strong>of</strong> the budget process for system improvements.<br />
Public Works Supervisor: <strong>Plan</strong>s and directs the construction, maintenance and operations<br />
activities <strong>of</strong> the water system.<br />
Public Works Superintendent: Assists the Public Works Supervisor in directing construction,<br />
maintenance and operations activities in the water system.<br />
Operations Manager: Acts as the telemetry coordinator and as a telemetry operator. This staff<br />
member is responsible for the day-to-day operation <strong>of</strong> the water system including adjusting the<br />
water system supply and storage facilities to meet daily demands.<br />
Maintenance Staff: Assists the Public Works Supervisor in maintenance and operations<br />
activities, including on-call and emergency duties. These activities also include water system<br />
inspection, repair, hydrant exercising, and valve exercising.<br />
Available Equipment<br />
The <strong>City</strong> has several types <strong>of</strong> equipment available for daily routine operation and maintenance <strong>of</strong><br />
the water system. The equipment is stored at the <strong>City</strong>'s Public Works Facility. If additional<br />
equipment is required for specific projects, the <strong>City</strong> will rent or contract with a local contractor<br />
for the services needed. An inventory <strong>of</strong> supplies in sufficient quantities for normal system<br />
operation and maintenance and short term emergencies is stored at the Public Works Facility. A<br />
list <strong>of</strong> equipment and supplies used in the normal operation <strong>of</strong> the water system is shown in<br />
Table 8-3.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 8-3 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH8 (12/29/04 2:19 PM)
CHAPTER 8<br />
Table 8-3<br />
Equipment and Supplies<br />
Major Equipment<br />
2 - Dump Truck<br />
2 - Backhoe<br />
Minor Equipment<br />
1 - <strong>Water</strong> Service Tapping Machine (1" max.)<br />
3 - Compactor<br />
1 - Flow Diffuser and Dechlorinator<br />
Miscellaneous small tools, etc.<br />
Communications Equipment<br />
Two-Way Radios in All Vehicles<br />
Pagers<br />
Cell Phones (two-way Nextel)<br />
The <strong>Water</strong> Department utilizes several different types <strong>of</strong> communications equipment to ensure a<br />
reliable and redundant means <strong>of</strong> communication within the Department. All vehicles are<br />
equipped with mobile two-way radios that are capable <strong>of</strong> communicating with similar base<br />
radios at the <strong>City</strong>'s Public Works Department and other departments. The radios also provide the<br />
capability for personnel to communicate, as necessary, with other cities and the County. In<br />
addition, all public works vehicles and equipment are equipped with two-way radios and most<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Department personnel carry pagers, hand held two-way radios and cell phones.<br />
Routine Operations<br />
Routine operations involve the analysis, formulation, and implementation <strong>of</strong> procedures to<br />
ensure that the facilities are functioning efficiently and meeting pressure requirements and other<br />
demands <strong>of</strong> the system. The <strong>City</strong>'s maintenance procedures are good, with repairs being made<br />
promptly, assuring customers receive high-quality water service and limited interruptions.<br />
Continuity <strong>of</strong> Service<br />
As a municipality, the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> has the structure, stability, authority, and responsibility to<br />
assure that water service will be continuous. For example, changes in the Council or Staff would<br />
not have a pronounced effect on the <strong>City</strong>'s customers or quality <strong>of</strong> service.<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH8 (12/29/04 2:19 PM) 8-4 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Operations and Maintenance<br />
Routine <strong>Water</strong> Quality Sampling<br />
The Washington State Department <strong>of</strong> Health (DOH) has adopted federal regulations that specify<br />
minimum monitoring requirements for water systems. The sampling requirements depend on the<br />
population served, source type, and treatment provided. The specific requirements are contained<br />
in WAC 246-290-300 and the minimum monthly routine coliform sampling requirements are<br />
summarized in Table 2 (page 69) <strong>of</strong> the April 1999 “Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Regulations”. Seattle<br />
Public Utilities (SPU) currently performs all routine coliform sampling throughout the<br />
distribution system and has an agreement with DOH for reduced monitoring. The agreement<br />
specifies a minimum <strong>of</strong> five (5) samples to be collected from the <strong>City</strong>’s water system every<br />
month. However, SPU typically collects six (6) samples each month, which is the minimum<br />
amount specified in WAC 246-290-300. A further discussion <strong>of</strong> the water quality monitoring<br />
program is contained in Chapter 6 and in the <strong>City</strong>'s <strong>Water</strong> Quality Monitoring <strong>Plan</strong>, located in<br />
Appendix L.<br />
Cross-Connection Control<br />
The <strong>City</strong> has adopted a cross-connection control program to comply with WAC 246-290-490<br />
pertaining to contamination <strong>of</strong> potable water due to cross-connections. Backflow prevention<br />
devices are required at service connections where a potential for contamination exists.<br />
Appendix G includes a copy <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s Cross-Connection Control <strong>Plan</strong>. As shown in Table<br />
8-2, the <strong>City</strong> employs a certified Cross-Connection Control Specialist.<br />
Recordkeeping and Reporting<br />
DOH has enacted regulations for recordkeeping and reporting that may be found in WAC 246-<br />
290-480. The regulations identify recordkeeping and reporting procedures for operations and<br />
water quality testing.<br />
Recordkeeping<br />
Records shall be kept for chlorine residual and other information as specified by DOH. DOH<br />
requires retention <strong>of</strong> critical records dealing with facilities and water quality issues as<br />
summarized below.<br />
1. Bacteriological analysis results: 5 years<br />
2. Chemical analysis results: for as long as the system is in operation<br />
3. Daily source meter readings: 10 years<br />
4. Other records <strong>of</strong> operation and analyses as may be required by DOH: 3 years<br />
5. Documentation <strong>of</strong> actions to correct violations <strong>of</strong> primary drinking water<br />
standards: 3 years after last corrective action<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 8-5 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH8 (12/29/04 2:19 PM)
CHAPTER 8<br />
6. Records <strong>of</strong> sanitary surveys: 10 years<br />
7. Project reports, construction documents and drawings, inspection reports, and<br />
approvals: life <strong>of</strong> the facility<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s recordkeeping procedures are as follows:<br />
Reporting<br />
1. The field technicians provide information to the foreman, who must review the<br />
information prior to it being filed.<br />
2. The information is given to the secretary for their input before it is filed at the<br />
maintenance shop.<br />
1. The <strong>City</strong> must report the following to DOH:<br />
• Within 48 hours: A failure to comply with the primary standards or treatment technique<br />
requirements specified in WAC 246-290.<br />
• Within 48 hours: A failure to comply with the monitoring requirements specified in WAC<br />
246-290.<br />
• Within 48 hours: A violation <strong>of</strong> a primary maximum contaminant level (MCL).<br />
• Within one business day: A backflow incident, per WAC 246-290-490 (8)f.<br />
2. The <strong>City</strong> must submit to DOH all applicable reports required by WAC 246-290. Monthly<br />
reports are due by the tenth day <strong>of</strong> the following month, unless otherwise specified.<br />
3. Daily source meter readings must be made available to DOH on request.<br />
4. Total annual water production records for each source must be made available to DOH on<br />
request.<br />
5. <strong>Water</strong> facilities inventory and report form (WFI) must be submitted to DOH within 30 days<br />
<strong>of</strong> any change in name, category, ownership, or responsibility for management <strong>of</strong> the water<br />
system.<br />
6. The <strong>City</strong> must notify DOH <strong>of</strong> the presence <strong>of</strong>:<br />
• Coliform in a sample within 10 days <strong>of</strong> notification by the testing laboratory.<br />
• Fecal coliform or E. coli in a sample by the end <strong>of</strong> the business day in which the <strong>City</strong> is<br />
notified by the testing laboratory.<br />
7. When a coliform MCL violation is determined, the <strong>City</strong> must:<br />
• Notify DOH within 24 hours <strong>of</strong> determining acute coliform MCL violations.<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH8 (12/29/04 2:19 PM) 8-6 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Operations and Maintenance<br />
• Notify DOH before the end <strong>of</strong> the next business day when a non-acute coliform MCL is<br />
determined.<br />
• Notify water customers in accordance with WAC 246-290-49.<br />
8. If VOC monitoring is required, a copy <strong>of</strong> the results <strong>of</strong> the monitoring and any public notice<br />
must be sent to DOH within 30 days <strong>of</strong> receipt <strong>of</strong> the test results.<br />
Other Reports<br />
Several other reports are required for state agencies, including the Department <strong>of</strong> Revenue,<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Labor and Industries, Department <strong>of</strong> Social and Health Services, Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Ecology, and the Employment Security Department. All <strong>of</strong> these reports are completed<br />
according to their instructions.<br />
Operations and Maintenance Records<br />
Facilities Operations and Maintenance Manuals<br />
Operations and maintenance manuals are available for staff members' reference. The equipment<br />
and operational maintenance manuals required for all supply stations and equipment therein,<br />
PRV stations and equipment therein, booster stations and equipment, and reservoirs are<br />
maintained and housed in the equipment maintenance file at the Public Works Facility. The <strong>City</strong><br />
intends to maintain its policies <strong>of</strong> requiring complete operation and maintenance manuals for all new<br />
equipment.<br />
Mapping and As-Built Drawing Records<br />
Maintenance <strong>of</strong> drawings is essential to maintenance crews, city planners, developers and<br />
anyone else needing to know how the water system is laid out throughout the <strong>City</strong>. <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
maintains a comprehensive mapping and record keeping system <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s water system. This<br />
mapping is comprised <strong>of</strong> physical maps, historical data books and computer generated maps in<br />
AutoCAD and GIS formats. Mapping <strong>of</strong> the system is a continuous process <strong>of</strong> incorporating<br />
new data from surveys, sketches and digital pictures. The drawing records are stored at the<br />
Public Works Facility and are maintained by the Public Works Department.<br />
Operation and Maintenance Records<br />
Records are stored at <strong>City</strong> Hall for the following items:<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> usage<br />
• Bacteriological tests<br />
• Backflow and cross-connections<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 8-7 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH8 (12/29/04 2:19 PM)
CHAPTER 8<br />
• SPU water quality monitoring reports<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> samples from new developments<br />
• Chlorination levels<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> used for construction<br />
• Hydrant repairs<br />
• Precipitation<br />
• Hydrant meter forms<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> maintenance<br />
• Hydrant databases<br />
• Confined spaces<br />
• Vandalism forms<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> consumable inventory<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> main notes<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> worksheets<br />
• Customer complaints<br />
Safety Procedures and Equipment<br />
Safety is the concern and responsibility <strong>of</strong> all water operations and maintenance staff. To<br />
maintain the highest level <strong>of</strong> safety, the <strong>City</strong> has taken steps toward educating its staff and<br />
providing resources to ensure a safe working environment. The <strong>City</strong> will strive to improve its<br />
safety program on an on-going basis. The American <strong>Water</strong> Works Association publishes a<br />
manual entitled, Safety Practices for <strong>Water</strong> Utilities (M3), which describes safety programs and<br />
provides guidelines for safe work practices and techniques for a variety <strong>of</strong> water utility work<br />
situations. This manual is available to all department personnel. Safety training classes in First<br />
Aid, CPR, traffic safety and flagging, air testing, confined space entry and equipment calibration<br />
are required <strong>of</strong> all water department staff.<br />
The following identifies procedures to be followed for operations and maintenance tasks that<br />
involve the most common potential work place hazards in the water system.<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH8 (12/29/04 2:19 PM) 8-8 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Operations and Maintenance<br />
Use <strong>of</strong> Chlorine or Chlorine Products<br />
Standard Procedure - Handle with care, provide adequate ventilation, wear safety glasses, rubber<br />
gloves and a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).<br />
Working in Confined Spaces<br />
Standard Procedure - Follow state requirements for confined space entry.<br />
Working in Trenches<br />
Standard Procedure - Obtain proper training and follow all safety procedures for working in<br />
trenches.<br />
Working Around Heavy Equipment<br />
Standard Procedure - Obtain proper training and follow all safety procedures.<br />
Working in Traffic Areas<br />
Standard Procedure - Wear proper clothing and provide adequate signage and flagging for work<br />
area.<br />
Working on or Around <strong>Water</strong> Reservoirs<br />
Standard Procedure - Follow proper safety harness procedures for working on tall structures.<br />
Working in or Around Pump Stations<br />
Standard Procedure – Obtain proper training and follow all safety procedures for working on<br />
pumps and electrical equipment.<br />
Working on Asbestos Cement (AC) <strong>Water</strong> Main<br />
Standard Procedure – Obtain proper training and follow all safety procedures for working with<br />
asbestos materials.<br />
Working on Pressurized <strong>Water</strong> Main<br />
Standard Procedure – Obtain proper training and follow all safety procedures for working with<br />
pressurized water mains.<br />
The following includes a list <strong>of</strong> safety and first aid equipment available to water department staff<br />
to carry out safety procedures for operations and maintenance tasks.<br />
• First Aid kits in each department vehicle, workshop and lab.<br />
• Eye wash stations in each facility.<br />
• Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) equipment for confined spaces.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 8-9 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH8 (12/29/04 2:19 PM)
CHAPTER 8<br />
• Trench shoring equipment.<br />
• Air tester for confined spaces.<br />
• Traffic safety equipment.<br />
• Gas monitoring equipment.<br />
• Radios and cell phones.<br />
The Public Works Department follows all appropriate OSHA and WISHA regulations in its dayto-day<br />
operations and complies with the following state requirements.<br />
• WAC 296-62-145 to 14529 Part M - Entry into confined spaces.<br />
• WAC 296-155-650 to 66411 Part N - Shoring <strong>of</strong> open ditches.<br />
• WAC 296-155-429 - Lockout-tagout for work on energized or de-energized equipment or<br />
circuits.<br />
• WAC 296-155 Part C1 - Fall restraint for access to the top <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s water reservoirs.<br />
• MUTCD - Traffic control for work in the public right-<strong>of</strong>-way.<br />
Environmental Awareness Practices<br />
Protecting the environment is a high priority <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>. The operations and maintenance staff<br />
have been made aware <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s commitment to protecting the environment through<br />
education and field training. The <strong>City</strong> recognizes that it can play a major role in protecting the<br />
environment, due to its close proximity to the Snoqualmie River and the topography <strong>of</strong> existing<br />
and future land development.<br />
Chinook salmon and bull trout were listed as a threatened species under the federal Endangered<br />
Species Act (ESA) in 1999. The <strong>City</strong> has established practices to operate, maintain, repair,<br />
improve, and expand the water system in a manner that does not adversely affect the<br />
environment. For example, the <strong>City</strong> does not allow chlorinated water to enter surface water<br />
bodies or storm drainage systems that discharge to surface water bodies.<br />
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS<br />
Capabilities<br />
The <strong>City</strong> is well equipped to accommodate short-term system failures and abnormalities. Its<br />
capabilities are as follow:<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH8 (12/29/04 2:19 PM) 8-10 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Operations and Maintenance<br />
Multiple Connections to the Tolt Pipeline<br />
Should the <strong>City</strong> lose the operation <strong>of</strong> one connection, water could be routed throughout the <strong>City</strong><br />
from the other Tolt connection. Such a failure would not adversely affect the <strong>City</strong>’s ability to<br />
meet the water demands <strong>of</strong> its customers.<br />
Multiple Reservoirs<br />
<strong>Water</strong> storage is provided by two active reservoirs that are located at different sites. The<br />
duplication <strong>of</strong> reservoirs in separate pressure zones, coupled with the water system’s ability to<br />
transfer water between zones through a series <strong>of</strong> pressure reducing stations and a booster pump<br />
station, provides sufficient redundancy to prevent service disruption when one <strong>of</strong> the reservoirs<br />
is out <strong>of</strong> service for cleaning, painting, or repairs.<br />
Distribution <strong>System</strong><br />
The <strong>City</strong> has attempted to loop water mains, wherever possible, to improve water circulation (i.e.<br />
water quality) and minimize impacts to the system in the event that a portion <strong>of</strong> the distribution<br />
system must be taken out <strong>of</strong> service for maintenance or repairs.<br />
Emergency Equipment<br />
The <strong>City</strong> is equipped with the necessary tools to deal with common and serious emergencies<br />
associated with water main failures. If a more serious emergency should develop, such as a<br />
major weld rupture or collapse, the <strong>City</strong> will hire a local contractor to make repairs to alleviate<br />
the emergency condition.<br />
Emergency Telephone<br />
Key or "on-call" personnel can be reached by the <strong>City</strong>’s internal phone system, Police<br />
Department, Fire Department and 911.<br />
On-Call Personnel<br />
The on-call technician is equipped with a pager, cell phone, service vehicle and can respond to<br />
emergency calls within 30 minutes. A list <strong>of</strong> emergency telephone numbers is provided to each<br />
on-call employee. New employees are not placed on-call until they are familiar with the water<br />
system and maintenance procedures.<br />
Material Readiness<br />
Some critical repair parts, tools, and equipment are on-hand and kept in fully operational<br />
condition. As repair parts are used, they are re-ordered. Inventory is kept current and is<br />
adequate for most common emergencies, which can reasonably be anticipated. The <strong>City</strong> has<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 8-11 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH8 (12/29/04 2:19 PM)
CHAPTER 8<br />
access to an inventory <strong>of</strong> repair parts, including parts required for repair <strong>of</strong> each type and size <strong>of</strong><br />
pipe within the service area.<br />
Emergency Response Program<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> Emergency Response <strong>Plan</strong> identifies procedures that would be carried out in<br />
the event <strong>of</strong> a serious emergency or disaster situation. The Emergency Response <strong>Plan</strong> also<br />
contains a list <strong>of</strong> water personnel responsible for making decisions in emergency situations. A copy<br />
<strong>of</strong> this plan is included in Appendix O.<br />
Public Notification<br />
The Federal Safe Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Act (SDWA) and WAC 246-290-495 require purveyors to<br />
notify their customers if any <strong>of</strong> the following conditions occur:<br />
• Failure to comply with a primary MCL described under WAC 246-290-310.<br />
• Failure to comply with a surface water treatment technique.<br />
• Failure to comply with monitoring requirements under WAC 246-290.<br />
• Failure to comply with testing requirements.<br />
• Failure to comply with a DOH order.<br />
• Failure to comply with a variance or exemption schedule from DOH.<br />
• If system is identified as a source <strong>of</strong> waterborne disease outbreak.<br />
• If DOH issues the system a category red operating permit.<br />
• If DOH issues an order.<br />
• If the system is operating under a variance or exemption.<br />
Specific notice content, distribution channels, and time limit requirements as specified in WAC<br />
246-290-495 must be in compliance when notification is required.<br />
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE<br />
Maintenance schedules that meet or exceed manufacturer's recommendations have been<br />
established for all critical components in the water system. The following schedule is used as a<br />
minimum for preventive maintenance:<br />
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Operations and Maintenance<br />
Storage Facilities<br />
Daily<br />
Weekly<br />
3-Year Intervals<br />
As Needed<br />
Visual and audio inspection.<br />
Check security and inspect facilities for proper operation.<br />
Inspect interior and exterior <strong>of</strong> reservoirs. Clean exterior <strong>of</strong> reservoirs.<br />
Repaint and repair interior and exterior as needed on tanks.<br />
Distribution <strong>System</strong><br />
<strong>Water</strong> Mains<br />
Annually or As Needed<br />
Annually<br />
Supply and Pump Stations<br />
Weekly<br />
Weekly<br />
Annually<br />
Annually<br />
As Needed<br />
Engine Generator Sets<br />
Weekly<br />
As Needed<br />
As Needed<br />
Leak survey.<br />
Flush.<br />
Pressure Reducing Stations<br />
Annually<br />
Observe and record motor current draw (three phases); check packing;<br />
log and record volume delivered and pump motor hours; check motor<br />
oil level; measure and record discharge pressure; check motor noise,<br />
temperature, vibration.<br />
Check security.<br />
Take inventory <strong>of</strong> parts, pumps and motors.<br />
Change motor oil.<br />
Calibrate flow meter; maintain electrical and mechanical equipment;<br />
paint structures and piping.<br />
Operate to achieve normal operating temperatures; observe output.<br />
Replace fluids and filters in accordance with manufacturer's<br />
recommendations (or more frequently depending on amount <strong>of</strong> use).<br />
Perform tune-up; replace parts as necessary.<br />
Flush and check all valves and screens; check pressure settings; rebuild<br />
and paint every three years, or as necessary.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 8-13 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH8 (12/29/04 2:19 PM)
CHAPTER 8<br />
Isolation Valves<br />
Annually<br />
Hydrants<br />
Annually<br />
Meters<br />
Operate full open/closed; uncover where buried; clean out valve boxes<br />
and repair as necessary.<br />
Check for leakage and visual damage. Operate and flush; check drain<br />
rate; lubricate as necessary; measure and record pressure; paint as<br />
necessary. Check nozzle and cap threads, clean and lubricate per<br />
manufacturer’s recommendations. Replace lost and damaged gaskets.<br />
Check and operate auxiliary valve in accordance with the valve<br />
maintenance schedule. Leave in open position. Inspect drain system<br />
to ensure proper drainage and protection from freezing weather.<br />
2-10 Year Intervals Time and measure volume <strong>of</strong> meter-delivered flow; dismantle, clean,<br />
and inspect all parts, replace worn or defective parts; retest meter for<br />
accuracy. Frequency varies based on meter size.<br />
Air and Vacuum Release Valve Assemblies<br />
Annually<br />
Blow<strong>of</strong>f Assemblies<br />
Annually<br />
Backflow Prevention Devices<br />
Annually<br />
Telemetry and Control <strong>System</strong><br />
Monthly<br />
Semi-Annually<br />
Semi-Annually<br />
Semi-Annually<br />
Semi-Annually<br />
Semi-Annually<br />
Annually<br />
Flush and inspect.<br />
Flush and inspect.<br />
Inspect and record status.<br />
Visually inspect cabinets and panels for damage, dust, and debris.<br />
Inspect inside <strong>of</strong> cabinets and panels for damage, dust, and debris.<br />
Vacuum clean all modules.<br />
Test alarm indicator units.<br />
Clean and flush all pressure sensitive devices.<br />
Visually inspect all meters to coordinate remote stations.<br />
Check master and RTU’s for proper operation; repair as necessary.<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH8 (12/29/04 2:19 PM) 8-14 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Operations and Maintenance<br />
Tools and Equipment<br />
Rolling Stock<br />
Daily<br />
As Needed<br />
Tools<br />
As Needed<br />
Check all fluid levels and brakes.<br />
Replace fluids and filters in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations<br />
(or more frequently depending on type <strong>of</strong> use).<br />
Clean after each use; lubricate and maintain as necessary.<br />
STAFFING<br />
The preventive maintenance procedures, as well as the normal and emergency operations <strong>of</strong> the<br />
<strong>City</strong>, are described in the previous sections. The hours <strong>of</strong> labor and supervisory activity required<br />
to effectively carry out the work <strong>of</strong> these on-going maintenance and operations schedules form<br />
the basis for determining adequate staffing levels.<br />
Current Staff<br />
The current staff includes supervisory personnel, engineers, and maintenance workers engaged<br />
in operating and maintaining the water system. There are currently nine employees in the<br />
operations and maintenance organization that support the water system. Since these employees<br />
also support other <strong>City</strong> utilities, only a portion <strong>of</strong> their time is available for the water utility.<br />
Therefore, the <strong>City</strong> has allocated approximately two, full-time staff equivalents to support the<br />
water utility.<br />
Staffing Requirements<br />
The estimated hours <strong>of</strong> work required to achieve optimum operation and maintenance <strong>of</strong> the<br />
water system (excluding time required for clerical tasks) is shown in Table 8-4. The upper<br />
section identifies the staffing time for preventive maintenance tasks and the lower section<br />
identifies the staffing time for operational tasks.<br />
To achieve the level <strong>of</strong> operations and maintenance shown in Table 8-4, approximately 3.5, fulltime<br />
staff equivalents are required for the water system alone. The <strong>City</strong>’s current staff <strong>of</strong> two,<br />
full-time water system personnel equivalents will not provide the optimum level <strong>of</strong> operation and<br />
maintenance shown in Table 8-4. At the current staffing level, the <strong>City</strong> is capable <strong>of</strong> adequately<br />
operating the water system and complying with the minimum requirements <strong>of</strong> DOH. However,<br />
approximately 1.5 additional staff equivalents would be required to achieve optimum operation<br />
and maintenance <strong>of</strong> the water system, as shown in Table 8-4. The <strong>City</strong> plans to add staff to<br />
optimize preventive maintenance and meet the additional requirements from system expansion as<br />
the budget allows.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 8-15 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH8 (12/29/04 2:19 PM)
CHAPTER 8<br />
OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE IMPROVEMENTS<br />
The <strong>City</strong> completed telemetry and supervisory control improvements in the late 1990’s that have<br />
enhanced the routine operation <strong>of</strong> the water system. Other telemetry and supervisory control<br />
improvements are underway at the time <strong>of</strong> this writing, as well as system operation<br />
improvements. Once completed, these will allow the existing operations staff to concentrate on<br />
preventive maintenance, equipment repair, and the other specialized needs <strong>of</strong> the organization,<br />
while eliminating the "human factor" from routine tasks and increasing system efficiency and<br />
reliability. Other improvements which may allow the operations staff more time for such tasks<br />
include a system-wide meter replacement. The water department staff spends a considerable<br />
amount <strong>of</strong> time reading customer water meters every month and will spend more time as the<br />
population <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> grows. The <strong>City</strong> is considering installation <strong>of</strong> automatic meter reading<br />
equipment at each meter to provide faster and more accurate meter readings.<br />
Other proposed improvements not mentioned above are addressed in Chapter 9 and included in<br />
the <strong>City</strong>’s Capital Improvement Program.<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH8 (12/29/04 2:19 PM) 8-16 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Operations and Maintenance<br />
Table 8-4<br />
Staffing Requirements<br />
Total Units Frequency Time/Unit Time/Year<br />
Description In <strong>System</strong> (Times/Year) (Hours) (Hours)<br />
Preventive Maintenance<br />
Hydrants 263 1 0.5 132<br />
Isolation Valves, Hydrant Valves 688 1 0.25 172<br />
Air and Vacuum Release Valves 4 1 0.5 2<br />
Blow<strong>of</strong>f Assemblies 4 1 0.25 1<br />
Scheduled Meter Replacement 1,954 0.1 2 391<br />
Leak Survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>Water</strong> Mains 36 miles 1 0.5 18<br />
Flushing <strong>Water</strong> Mains 36 miles 1 4 144<br />
Booster Pump Stations 1 2 12 24<br />
Pressure Reducing Stations 19 1 4 76<br />
Supply Stations 2 2 4 16<br />
Reservoirs 2 1 16 32<br />
Telemetry and Control <strong>System</strong> 1 2 8 16<br />
Operations<br />
Monitor <strong>System</strong> 4 260 0.3 312<br />
False Alarm Response 1 12 2 24<br />
Meter Reading 1,954 6 0.03 352<br />
Groundskeeping 2 12 6 144<br />
Inventory 1 1 40 40<br />
Meter Repair/Replace 20 1 2 40<br />
Main Breaks 1 2 8 16<br />
<strong>System</strong> Failures 1 4 16 64<br />
Hydrant Repairs 5 1 8 40<br />
Service Repairs 10 1 8 80<br />
New Service Connections 100 1 8 800<br />
Main Connections 5 1 16 80<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Quality Testing 2 12 1 24<br />
Telemetry and Control <strong>System</strong> 1 260 1 260<br />
Administration 1 260 8 2,080<br />
Total Requirements<br />
Total Hours Required 5,379<br />
Total Full Time Staff Required (based on 1,540 hours per year per person) 3.5<br />
Time Availabe Per Year Per Person<br />
Beginning Hours Available 2,080<br />
Less average vacation <strong>of</strong> 3 weeks per year -120<br />
Less average sick leave <strong>of</strong> 2 weeks per year -80<br />
Less holidays <strong>of</strong> 11 days per year -88<br />
Less average training <strong>of</strong> 40 hours per year -40<br />
Less average small tasks other than above <strong>of</strong> 1 hour per day -219<br />
Net Total Available Hours Per Year Per Person 1,533<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 8-17 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH8 (12/29/04 2:19 PM)
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Improvements 9<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
This chapter presents proposed improvements to the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> water system that are<br />
necessary to resolve existing system deficiencies and accommodate the projected growth <strong>of</strong><br />
water customers. The water system improvements were identified from an evaluation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
results <strong>of</strong> the water system analyses presented in Chapter 7. The water system improvements<br />
were sized to meet both the existing and future demand conditions <strong>of</strong> the system.<br />
A Capital Improvement Program number, herein referred to as a CIP number, has been assigned<br />
to each improvement. Numbers were assigned to the improvements starting at the north end <strong>of</strong><br />
the system and, in general, incrementally increase to the south, as shown in Figure 9-1, a plan<br />
view <strong>of</strong> the improvements. The improvements are also illustrated in the hydraulic pr<strong>of</strong>ile <strong>of</strong> the<br />
future water system that is shown in Figure 9-2. The improvements are organized and presented<br />
in this chapter according to the following categories:<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Improvements Since Last <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
• <strong>Water</strong> Main Improvements<br />
• Pressure Reducing Station Improvements<br />
• Facility Improvements<br />
• Miscellaneous Improvements<br />
The remainder <strong>of</strong> this chapter presents a brief description <strong>of</strong> each group <strong>of</strong> improvements, the<br />
criteria for prioritizing, the basis for the cost estimates, and the implementation schedule.<br />
DESCRIPTION OF IMPROVEMENTS<br />
This section provides a general description <strong>of</strong> each group <strong>of</strong> improvements and an overview <strong>of</strong><br />
the deficiencies that they will resolve. Most <strong>of</strong> the improvements are necessary to resolve<br />
existing system deficiencies. The locations <strong>of</strong> improvements are shown in Figure 9-1.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 9-1 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH9 (12/29/04 2:31 PM)
CHAPTER 9<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Improvements Since Last <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
The water system has undergone changes since 1994, when the <strong>City</strong> last updated its<br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. The <strong>City</strong> has implemented a majority <strong>of</strong> the recommended<br />
projects from the 1994 Capital Improvement <strong>Plan</strong> (CIP). Some notable improvements include<br />
the new 2.2 million gallon Big Rock Road Reservoir, the 615 Zone Booster Pump Station, a<br />
telemetry and supervisory control system, and replacement <strong>of</strong> thousands <strong>of</strong> feet <strong>of</strong> asbestoscement<br />
pipe. The <strong>City</strong>’s most recent project involved a pressure zone realignment in 270th Place<br />
NE which converted a portion <strong>of</strong> the 330 Zone to the 450 Zone, improving service pressures and<br />
fire flows to several existing customers. The water system improvements are summarized in<br />
Table 9-1 below.<br />
Table 9-1<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Improvements Completed Since 1994<br />
1994 CIP No. Project Description Size<br />
M-7 Bruett Road Extension 1,700 LF<br />
PRV-7 Bruett Road PRV 2.5" & 8"<br />
M-10 & M-11 Batten Road Intertie and Extension 2,400 LF<br />
T-2 Big Rock Road Reservoir 2.2 MG<br />
BPS-1 615 Zone Booster Pump Station 2,000 gpm<br />
M-3 SR203 Extension 2,800 LF<br />
M-5 Big Rock Road <strong>Water</strong> Main Installation 7,150 LF<br />
PRV-5 Big Rock Road PRV Installation 4" & 10"<br />
M-8 NE 150th Street Extension 1,500 LF<br />
PRV-8 NE 150th Street PRV 2.5" & 8"<br />
MR-12 Virginia Street Replacement 2,000 LF<br />
MR-14 Stephens Street Replacment 1,450 LF<br />
PRV-14 Stephens Street PRV Replacment 3" & 8"<br />
Non-CIP Telemetry and Supervisory Control <strong>System</strong> N/A<br />
Non-CIP 450 to 485 Zone Conversion N/A<br />
Non-CIP 330 Zone Reconfiguration N/A<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Main Improvements<br />
The following water main improvements were identified from the results <strong>of</strong> the distribution and<br />
transmission system analyses discussed in Chapter 7. Most <strong>of</strong> the water main improvements are<br />
replacements <strong>of</strong> existing distribution water main and are grouped in the “Annual <strong>Water</strong> Main<br />
Replacement Program” project (CIP WM1). The individual water main improvement projects<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 9-2 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH9 (12/29/04 2:31 PM)
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Improvements<br />
within this group are numbered 1 – 28, as shown on Figure 9-1. The other water main<br />
improvements are mostly larger diameter water mains that function more like transmission than<br />
distribution mains and are identified as individual projects (CIP WM2 – WM5).<br />
CIP WM1: Annual <strong>Water</strong> Main Replacement Program<br />
Deficiency: Most <strong>of</strong> the water main improvements shown in Figure 9-1 are required to resolve<br />
fire flow deficiencies caused primarily by undersized water mains. Some areas also contain<br />
water main that have had reported occurrences <strong>of</strong> leaks or breaks, or are constructed <strong>of</strong> nonstandard<br />
(e.g., asbestos cement) water main materials.<br />
Improvement: Replace existing water main with new ductile iron water main in accordance<br />
with the <strong>City</strong>’s construction standards. The individual water main improvements grouped under<br />
this project are numbered 1, 2, 3, etc., as shown in Figure 9-1. The selection <strong>of</strong> specific projects<br />
will be accomplished annually during the <strong>City</strong>’s budget development process and will be guided<br />
by the prioritization presented later in this chapter. This provides the <strong>City</strong> with the flexibility to<br />
coordinate these projects with other projects that may occur within the same area. An allowance<br />
<strong>of</strong> $160,000 per year has been established for the annual replacement <strong>of</strong> water mains.<br />
CIP WM2: 12-inch <strong>Water</strong> Main in 274th Avenue NE from NE Big Rock Road to Tolt 2<br />
Supply Station<br />
Deficiency: The existing transmission main is constructed <strong>of</strong> aging 10-inch asbestos-cement<br />
pipe and is undersized to meet future system needs.<br />
Improvement: Replace existing water main with new 12-inch ductile iron water main along<br />
274th Avenue NE from NE Big Rock Road to the Tolt 2 Supply Station.<br />
CIP WM3: 12-inch <strong>Water</strong> Main in 3rd Avenue NE from NE Park Street to NE Big Rock Road<br />
Deficiency: The existing transmission main is constructed <strong>of</strong> aging 10-inch asbestos-cement<br />
pipe, is undersized to meet future system needs, and is located within an easement that is<br />
difficult to access for maintenance and repairs.<br />
Improvement: Install new 12-inch ductile iron water main along 3rd Avenue NE from NE Park<br />
Street to NE Big Rock Road. Abandon the existing 10-inch asbestos cement water main that<br />
traverses this area.<br />
CIP WM4: 8-inch and 12-inch <strong>Water</strong> Main in 3rd Avenue NE from 3rd and Virginia PRV to<br />
NE Park Street<br />
Deficiency: The existing transmission main is constructed <strong>of</strong> 10-inch asbestos-cement pipe and<br />
is undersized to meet future system needs. The asbestos-cement pipe also has a history <strong>of</strong> water<br />
main breaks. Additionally, the water system lacks proper water main looping in the 330 Zone to<br />
provide adequate fire flow and water circulation. Several pressure reducing stations along 3rd<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 9-3 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH9 (12/29/04 2:31 PM)
CHAPTER 9<br />
Avenue NE are closely spaced, which prevents proper low-flow control and results in inadequate<br />
water circulation in this area.<br />
Improvement: Replace the existing 450 Zone 10-inch asbestos cement water main with new<br />
12-inch ductile iron water main along 3rd Avenue NE from the 3rd and Virginia PRV to NE<br />
Park Street. Connect the Stephens Street PRV to the proposed 12-inch water main at the<br />
intersection <strong>of</strong> NE Stephens Street and 3rd Avenue NE. Install a new parallel 8-inch water main<br />
in the 330 Zone along 3rd Avenue NE from NE Park Street to NE Ring Street and in 3rd Avenue<br />
NE from NE Stella Street to NE Stewart Street. Extend the existing 330 Zone dead-end water<br />
main in NE Ring Street and NE Richardson Street to the new 8-inch main. Open the closed<br />
valve near the intersection <strong>of</strong> NE Valley Street and Broadway Avenue NE. Construction <strong>of</strong><br />
these improvements will eliminate the need for four pressure reducing stations (Stewart, Cherry,<br />
Stella, Park) in this area and should coincide with the pressure reducing station abandonments in<br />
CIP number PRV2, PRV3, PRV4 and PRV5.<br />
CIP WM5: 12-inch <strong>Water</strong> Main in 3rd Avenue NE from NE Cherry Valley Road to the 3rd<br />
and Virginia PRV<br />
Deficiency: The existing 8-inch water main is currently undersized to provide adequate fire<br />
flow to the Cherry Valley Elementary School and other areas in the 330 Zone.<br />
Improvement: Replace the existing 8-inch water main with new 12-inch ductile iron water<br />
main along 3rd Avenue NE from NE Cherry Valley Road to the 3rd and Virginia PRV station.<br />
Future <strong>Water</strong> Main Extensions and Replacements<br />
All new water main extensions and replacements shall be installed in accordance with the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Standards, which are included in Appendix I. All new water mains shall be<br />
ductile iron pipe and sized by a hydraulic analysis to ensure that all pressure, flow, and velocity<br />
requirements, as stated in Chapter 5, are met. In general, new water mains that will carry fire<br />
flow in residential areas shall be a minimum <strong>of</strong> 8-inches in diameter and looped for multi-family<br />
residential developments. New water mains in commercial, business park, industrial, and school<br />
areas shall be a minimum <strong>of</strong> 12-inches in diameter and looped. All work performed in King<br />
County road right-<strong>of</strong>-way must conform to the most recent edition <strong>of</strong> the King County Road<br />
Standards.<br />
Pressure Reducing Station and Pressure Relief Improvements<br />
The following pressure reducing station improvements were identified to resolve existing system<br />
deficiencies, but have been sized to accommodate future water system demands.<br />
CIP PRV1: <strong>System</strong>-Wide Pressure Relief Improvements<br />
Deficiency: The existing water system does not have pressure relief facilities to prevent overpressurizing<br />
in the event that a pressure reducing station or supply station control valve fails in<br />
the open position.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 9-4 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH9 (12/29/04 2:31 PM)
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Improvements<br />
Improvement: Install new pressure relief stations or modify existing pressure reducing stations<br />
to include a pressure relief valve. A system-wide analysis will be performed during the<br />
preliminary design phase <strong>of</strong> the project to determine the size, location, and recommended<br />
improvements to provide pressure relief to the existing water system.<br />
CIP PRV2: 3rd and Stewart (450/330 Zone) PRV Abandonment<br />
Deficiency: The existing pressure reducing station is an aging facility in need <strong>of</strong> replacement;<br />
however, the operation <strong>of</strong> the station is not required to provide adequate supply to the 330 Zone<br />
during a fire flow or other high demand event. Removal <strong>of</strong> this PRV station will eliminate the<br />
ongoing operation and maintenance requirements <strong>of</strong> this facility.<br />
Improvement: Abandon the existing 3rd and Stewart PRV station. The abandonment <strong>of</strong> the<br />
station should coincide with the construction <strong>of</strong> the 330 Zone 8-inch looped water main in 3rd<br />
Avenue NE (CIP WM4).<br />
CIP PRV3: 3rd and Cherry (450/330 Zone) PRV Abandonment<br />
Deficiency: The operation <strong>of</strong> the existing pressure reducing station is not required to provide<br />
adequate supply to the 330 Zone during a fire flow or other high demand event. Removal <strong>of</strong> this<br />
PRV station will eliminate the ongoing operation and maintenance requirements <strong>of</strong> this facility.<br />
Improvement: Abandon the existing 3rd and Cherry PRV station. The abandonment <strong>of</strong> the<br />
station should coincide with the construction <strong>of</strong> the 330 Zone 8-inch looped water main in 3rd<br />
Avenue NE (CIP WM4).<br />
CIP PRV4: 3rd and Stella (450/330 Zone) PRV Abandonment<br />
Deficiency: The operation <strong>of</strong> the existing pressure reducing station is not required to provide<br />
adequate supply to the 330 Zone during a fire flow or other high demand event. Removal <strong>of</strong> this<br />
PRV station will eliminate the ongoing operation and maintenance requirements <strong>of</strong> this facility.<br />
Improvement: Abandon the existing 3rd and Stella PRV station. The abandonment <strong>of</strong> the<br />
station should coincide with the construction <strong>of</strong> the 330 Zone 8-inch looped water main in 3rd<br />
Avenue NE (CIP WM4).<br />
CIP PRV5: NE Park Street (450/330 Zone) PRV Abandonment<br />
Deficiency: The operation <strong>of</strong> the existing pressure reducing station is not required to provide<br />
adequate supply to the 330 Zone during a fire flow or other high demand event. Removal <strong>of</strong> this<br />
PRV station will eliminate the ongoing operation and maintenance requirements <strong>of</strong> this facility.<br />
Improvement: Abandon the existing NE Park Street PRV station. The abandonment <strong>of</strong> the<br />
station should coincide with the construction <strong>of</strong> the 330 Zone 8-inch looped water main in 3rd<br />
Avenue NE (CIP WM4).<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 9-5 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH9 (12/29/04 2:31 PM)
CHAPTER 9<br />
CIP PRV6: 143rd & 268th (450/330 Zone) PRV Replacement<br />
Deficiency: The existing pressure reducing station is undersized to provide adequate supply in<br />
the future to the 330 Zone during a fire flow or other high demand event.<br />
Improvement: Replace the existing valves with larger valves, which may require a new vault to<br />
house the larger valves. The large pressure reducing valve should be a 8-inch valve and the<br />
small valve should be a 2-inch valve. The station should also include a pressure relief valve,<br />
sized during the design, to relieve pressures in the 330 Zone in the event <strong>of</strong> a failure <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> the<br />
pressure reducing valves. The new station should be installed near the same time that the<br />
proposed 12-inch water main is installed in NE 143rd Place (CIP 26 and 27).<br />
Facility Improvements<br />
The following water system facility improvements were identified from the results <strong>of</strong> the water<br />
system analyses that are discussed in Chapter 7. The improvements are primarily necessary to<br />
resolve existing system deficiencies, but have also been sized to accommodate projected growth.<br />
CIP F1: Taylor’s Landing Well Monitoring and Study<br />
Deficiency: The Taylor’s Landing Well is not currently monitored and the <strong>City</strong> would like to<br />
ensure the well’s water supply is properly protected.<br />
Improvement: Ongoing monitoring, testing and additional wellhead protection efforts <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Taylor’s Landing Well.<br />
CIP F2: Crestview Estates Reservoir Recoating<br />
Deficiency: The exterior coating <strong>of</strong> the steel reservoir is peeling. The interior <strong>of</strong> the reservoir<br />
was last recoated in approximately 1988, and is reaching the end <strong>of</strong> its life expectancy as well.<br />
The reservoir should be recoated every 15 to 20 years, based on the typical life <strong>of</strong> coatings on<br />
steel reservoirs.<br />
Improvement: Recoat the interior and exterior <strong>of</strong> the Crestview Estates Reservoir to prevent<br />
premature corrosion <strong>of</strong> the facility. Thoroughly inspect and sample the interior and exterior<br />
reservoir coatings approximately one year prior to the commencement <strong>of</strong> the project to determine<br />
the properties <strong>of</strong> the existing coating and extent <strong>of</strong> required recoating.<br />
CIP F3: Crestview Estates Reservoir Seismic Evaluation and Improvements<br />
Deficiency: The reservoir was constructed in 1988 and may not have sufficient restraint to<br />
withstand seismic events.<br />
Improvement: Conduct a seismic evaluation to determine the reservoir’s ability to withstand a<br />
seismic event and identify required seismic improvements. Construct seismic improvements to<br />
the reservoir, based on the results <strong>of</strong> the seismic evaluation. Since the amount <strong>of</strong>, if any, seismic<br />
improvements won’t be known until completion <strong>of</strong> the seismic evaluation, the preliminary cost<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 9-6 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH9 (12/29/04 2:31 PM)
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Improvements<br />
estimate shown in the table near the end <strong>of</strong> this chapter is provided for budgetary purposes only<br />
and will need to be adjusted at the proper time in the future.<br />
CIP F4: Big Rock Road Reservoir Recoating<br />
Deficiency: The interior and exterior <strong>of</strong> the reservoir will need to be recoated every 15 to 20<br />
years, based on the typical life <strong>of</strong> coatings on steel reservoirs.<br />
Improvement: Regularly inspect the condition <strong>of</strong> the interior and exterior coating and recoat, as<br />
needed. It is anticipated that the reservoir will need to be recoated sometime between the year<br />
2010 and 2015. Thoroughly inspect and sample the interior and exterior reservoir coatings<br />
approximately one year prior to the commencement <strong>of</strong> the project to determine the properties <strong>of</strong><br />
the existing coating and extent <strong>of</strong> required recoating.<br />
CIP F5: Big Rock Road Reservoir Inlet/Outlet Improvements<br />
Deficiency: The reservoir has a single inlet/outlet pipe for flow into and out <strong>of</strong> the reservoir,<br />
which prevents optimum turnover and water quality. The lack <strong>of</strong> turnover in the reservoir and<br />
potential for loss <strong>of</strong> chlorine residual, forces the <strong>City</strong> to operate the reservoir at a low level,<br />
which prevents full utilization <strong>of</strong> its available storage capacity. Implementation <strong>of</strong> this<br />
improvement will increase the amount <strong>of</strong> available storage, which in turn enables the <strong>City</strong> to<br />
serve a larger number <strong>of</strong> new connections, since storage is the limiting facility in the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
water system, as shown in the capacity analysis in Chapter 7.<br />
Improvement: Construct inlet/outlet improvements to improve water turnover within the<br />
reservoir, which would enable the <strong>City</strong> to operate it at higher levels and provide a larger volume<br />
<strong>of</strong> usable storage.<br />
CIP F6: 615 Zone Pump Station Improvements<br />
Deficiency: The 615 Zone Pump Station will have insufficient supply capacity to meet the<br />
future demands <strong>of</strong> the 615 Zone when demands within the zone increase as a result <strong>of</strong> future<br />
growth. It is anticipated that the deficiency will occur sometime between the years 2008 and<br />
2022. However, since the need for the improvement depends on the timing and amount <strong>of</strong><br />
development in the 615 Zone, it is prudent to evaluate the 615 Zone supply requirements every<br />
few years.<br />
Improvement: Increase the capacity <strong>of</strong> the pump station by adding a fourth pump in the<br />
available pump bay and replacing one or more <strong>of</strong> the other three pumps, as necessary, to<br />
optimize the operation <strong>of</strong> the pump station for meeting the future increased demand <strong>of</strong> the 615<br />
Zone. The pump improvements will also require improvements to the electrical system and<br />
modifications to the telemetry and control system. The sizing <strong>of</strong> the pump and electrical<br />
improvements will be accomplished during the preliminary design phase <strong>of</strong> the project. The<br />
capacity <strong>of</strong> the pump station will need to be increased by as much as 1,150 gpm to meet the 615<br />
Zone demands in the year 2022.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 9-7 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH9 (12/29/04 2:31 PM)
CHAPTER 9<br />
CIP F7: Tolt 1 Supply Station Improvements<br />
Deficiency: The supply station lacks pressure sensors on the upstream and downstream side <strong>of</strong><br />
the control valves to enable sufficient monitoring <strong>of</strong> pressures through the telemetry system and<br />
optimum control <strong>of</strong> the station. Additionally, the sump pump in the existing vaults does not<br />
operate properly, which typically leads to standing water in the bottom <strong>of</strong> the vaults.<br />
Improvement: Install pressure sensors on the upstream and downstream side <strong>of</strong> the control<br />
valves and integrate supply station pressure data into the telemetry and control system. Provide<br />
improvements to adequately drain the existing vaults.<br />
CIP F8: Tolt 2 Supply Station Improvements<br />
Deficiency: The supply station lacks pressure sensors on the upstream and downstream side <strong>of</strong><br />
the control valves to enable sufficient monitoring <strong>of</strong> pressures through the telemetry system and<br />
optimum control <strong>of</strong> the station. Additionally, the sump pump in the existing vaults does not<br />
operate properly, which typically leads to standing water in the bottom <strong>of</strong> the vaults.<br />
Improvement: Install pressure sensors on the upstream and downstream side <strong>of</strong> the control<br />
valves and integrate supply station pressure data into the telemetry and control system. Provide<br />
improvements to adequately drain the existing vaults.<br />
CIP F9: Telemetry, Operation and Control Improvements<br />
Deficiency: The existing system is difficult to operate, requires too much manual intervention,<br />
and is not optimized. The existing telemetry system is not fully operational and is not currently<br />
setup to provide data collection and alarm notification at all facilities.<br />
Improvement: Provide modifications to the existing system operations to enable a more<br />
simplified, automated control <strong>of</strong> the water system facilities with reduced operations costs.<br />
Modify the control valves at the supply stations and reservoirs, as necessary, to enable a more<br />
automated and efficient operation <strong>of</strong> the system during two different operational scenarios: 1)<br />
during low water usage periods to optimize turnover in the reservoirs; and 2) during the summer<br />
demand metering periods to maintain steady supply station flow rates to avoid demand<br />
surcharges from Seattle Public Utilities (SPU).<br />
Modifications to the telemetry and supervisory control system will also be required to<br />
incorporate these water system operation modifications and to provide full data collection and<br />
alarm notification at all facilities. These improvements should be implemented in conjunction<br />
with or following the completion <strong>of</strong> CIP F7 and F8.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 9-8 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH9 (12/29/04 2:31 PM)
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Improvements<br />
Miscellaneous Improvements<br />
The following miscellaneous improvements are planning efforts and program elements that are<br />
required to comply with various water regulations or are improvements that don’t fit into one <strong>of</strong><br />
the previous categories.<br />
CIP M1: <strong>Duvall</strong> Highlands Mobile Home Park Meter Removal<br />
Deficiency: The water meters were originally installed years ago to meter total water usage<br />
within the <strong>Duvall</strong> Highlands mobile home park, but are no longer needed since individual meters<br />
have been installed for all mobile homes. The mainline meters permit flow in one direction only,<br />
thereby reducing the available fire flows in the area.<br />
Improvement: Remove the existing meters located at the two entrances to the <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Highlands mobile home park, located near the intersection <strong>of</strong> NE 142nd Street and 282nd Place<br />
NE, and just south <strong>of</strong> the intersection <strong>of</strong> NE 144th Street and 280th Avenue NE.<br />
CIP M2: Conservation Program and Leak Detection<br />
Deficiency: The <strong>City</strong>’s existing billing system does not provide customers with consumption<br />
history information on the water bills and the <strong>City</strong> does not currently perform leak detection on a<br />
regular basis. Several water conservation measures must also be carried out on an ongoing basis<br />
to comply with State conservation requirements.<br />
Improvement: Improvements to the billing system will be implemented to provide previous<br />
years’ consumption information on water bills. The <strong>City</strong> will continue its water main<br />
replacement program to reduce the amount <strong>of</strong> older and potentially leaking water mains and will<br />
also implement a comprehensive leak detection/water main repair program to reduce the amount<br />
<strong>of</strong> unaccounted-for water. The <strong>City</strong> will perform other ongoing conservation measures,<br />
including public education programs, as outlined in the <strong>Water</strong> Conservation <strong>Plan</strong> included in<br />
Appendix F.<br />
CIP M3: <strong>Water</strong> Reclamation Activities<br />
Deficiency: Treated water that will be produced at the <strong>City</strong>’s future upgraded Wastewater<br />
Treatment <strong>Plan</strong>t (estimated completion in 2005) may provide an opportunity for the <strong>City</strong> to use<br />
reclaimed water to supplement existing water supply from SPU for irrigation and other nonpotable<br />
applications.<br />
Improvement: Ongoing review <strong>of</strong> the potential use <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s Wastewater Treatment <strong>Plan</strong>t<br />
effluent for irrigation and other non-potable applications throughout the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
CIP M4: Cross-Connection Control Program<br />
Deficiency: The <strong>City</strong> does not have an updated ordinance, facility risk inventory, and crossconnection<br />
control program that meets current Washington State requirements.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 9-9 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH9 (12/29/04 2:31 PM)
CHAPTER 9<br />
Improvement: The <strong>City</strong>’s Municipal Code will be updated to address the new regulations in<br />
WAC 246-290 and the current Cross-Connection Control Program included in Appendix G. The<br />
<strong>City</strong> will develop and implement an evaluation program that assesses the risk <strong>of</strong> existing water<br />
service connections. Potential high-risk cross-connection premises will be evaluated first. The<br />
<strong>City</strong> will then evaluate other premises, based on potential risk to the water system and budget<br />
availability. The <strong>City</strong> will carry out other cross-connection control program requirements as<br />
outlined in the Cross-Connection Control Program.<br />
CIP M6: <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> Update<br />
Deficiency: WAC 246-290-100 requires the <strong>City</strong> to update its <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong><br />
<strong>Plan</strong> every six years and submit to the Department <strong>of</strong> Health for review and approval. Drinking<br />
water regulations are continuously changing and must be addressed in the <strong>City</strong>’s <strong>Comprehensive</strong><br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>.<br />
Improvement: Update the <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> every six years to meet the<br />
requirements that are in effect at the time <strong>of</strong> the update.<br />
ESTIMATING COSTS OF IMPROVEMENTS<br />
Project costs for the proposed improvements were estimated, based on costs <strong>of</strong> similar water<br />
projects in the <strong>Duvall</strong> area and are presented in 2003 dollars. The cost estimates include the<br />
estimated construction cost <strong>of</strong> the improvement and indirect costs estimated at 35 percent <strong>of</strong> the<br />
construction cost for engineering preliminary design, final design, and construction management<br />
services, permitting, legal, and administrative services. The construction cost estimates include a<br />
10 percent contingency and sales tax.<br />
Construction cost estimates for water main projects were determined from the water main unit<br />
costs (i.e., cost per foot length) shown in Table 9-2 and the proposed diameter and approximate<br />
length <strong>of</strong> each improvement.<br />
Table 9-2<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Main Unit Costs<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Main<br />
Diameter<br />
(inches)<br />
Construction Cost<br />
Per Foot Length<br />
(2003 $/LF)<br />
8 $130<br />
12 $150<br />
16 $180<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 9-10 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH9 (12/29/04 2:31 PM)
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Improvements<br />
The unit costs for each water main size are based on estimates <strong>of</strong> all construction-related<br />
improvements, which includes materials and labor for the water main installation, water services,<br />
fire hydrants, fittings, valves, connections to the existing system, trench restoration, asphalt<br />
surface restoration, and other work for a complete installation. The unit costs also include a<br />
contingency and sales tax. Additional costs were added to some water main improvements to<br />
cover anticipated, increased costs related to the project location and degree <strong>of</strong> difficulty.<br />
PRIORITIZING IMPROVEMENTS<br />
The water system improvements were prioritized from established criteria to formulate a<br />
schedule that identifies projects with the most deficiencies and greatest need for improvement to<br />
be completed prior to projects with fewer deficiencies. A description <strong>of</strong> the criteria and method<br />
for prioritizing each category <strong>of</strong> improvements is provided below.<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Main Improvements<br />
Table 9-3 lists criteria that were established for prioritizing the water main improvements. The<br />
criteria are based on the underlying deficiencies <strong>of</strong> the existing water main that will be replaced<br />
by the proposed water main improvements. The criteria are arranged in five different categories<br />
with a weight factor assigned to each category. The Existing <strong>Water</strong> Main Fire Flow Capability<br />
and the Occurrence <strong>of</strong> Leaks or Breaks were given the most weight.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 9-11 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH9 (12/29/04 2:31 PM)
CHAPTER 9<br />
Table 9-3<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Main Improvements Priority Ranking Criteria<br />
Weight Weighted<br />
Points Category Factor Points<br />
Existing <strong>Water</strong> Main Fire Flow Capability<br />
3 Available Fire Flow is 69% or Less <strong>of</strong> Required Fire Flow 4 12<br />
2 Available Fire Flow is 70-89% <strong>of</strong> Required Fire Flow 4 8<br />
1 Available Fire Flow is 90-100% or More <strong>of</strong> Required Fire Flow 4 4<br />
Occurrence <strong>of</strong> Leaks or Breaks<br />
3 Multiple Reports <strong>of</strong> Leaks or Breaks 4 12<br />
2 Single Report <strong>of</strong> a Leak or Break 4 8<br />
1 No Leaks or Breaks Reported 4 4<br />
Existing <strong>Water</strong> Main Year <strong>of</strong> Installation<br />
3 Before 1960 3 9<br />
2 1960 - 1980 3 6<br />
1 After 1980 3 3<br />
Existing <strong>Water</strong> Main Material<br />
3 Asbestos Cement 3 9<br />
2 Galvanized Iron, Steel, or Cast Iron 3 6<br />
1 Ductile Iron or PVC 3 3<br />
Existing <strong>Water</strong> Main Benefit Area<br />
3 Large Benefit Area (i.e. transmission main) 2 6<br />
2 Medium Benefit Area 2 4<br />
1 Small Benefit Area (i.e. localized area) 2 2<br />
The Existing <strong>Water</strong> Main Fire Flow Capability category ranks the water main improvements<br />
based on the ability <strong>of</strong> the existing water mains to provide the required fire flow, as determined<br />
from the results <strong>of</strong> the hydraulic analyses addressed in Chapter 7. The Occurrence <strong>of</strong> Leaks or<br />
Breaks category ranks the water main improvements based on the number <strong>of</strong> reported leaks or<br />
breaks that the <strong>City</strong> currently has on record. The Existing <strong>Water</strong> Main Year <strong>of</strong> Installation<br />
category ranks the water main improvements based on the age <strong>of</strong> the existing water main. The<br />
Existing <strong>Water</strong> Main Material category ranks the water main improvements based on the<br />
material <strong>of</strong> the existing water main. The Existing <strong>Water</strong> Main Benefit Area category ranks the<br />
water main improvements based on the size <strong>of</strong> the area that will benefit from the water main<br />
replacement.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 9-12 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH9 (12/29/04 2:31 PM)
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Improvements<br />
The water main priority ranking criteria was applied to the annual water main replacement<br />
projects, which are grouped under CIP WM1 and numbered CIP 1-28. The water main<br />
replacement projects are presented in Table 9-4 with their priority ranking and are also shown in<br />
Figure 9-1.<br />
Table 9-4<br />
Prioritized Annual <strong>Water</strong> Main Replacement Projects<br />
Size Description Estimated Priority Rank<br />
No. Length Diam In From To Cost * Points<br />
1 1,040 12 NE Cherry Valley Rd ~2nd Ave NE 3rd Ave NE $209,000 H 31<br />
2 1,720 12 ~2nd Ave NE NE Virginia St NE Cherry Valley Rd $346,000 H 37<br />
3 730 8 270th Pl NE (330 Zone) 4th Ave NE 271st Pl NE $127,000 L 26<br />
4 590 8 4th Ave NE NE Stewart St NE Stella St $103,000 H 31<br />
5 780 8 NE Bird St Railroad Ave NE 2nd Ave NE $135,000 L 20<br />
6 250 8 1st Ave NE NE Virginia St NE Bird St $44,000 L 19<br />
7 1,360 12 Main St NE NE Stephens St NE Bird St $341,000 H 37<br />
8 690 8 NE Stewart St 3rd Ave NE 4th Ave NE $120,000 H 35<br />
9 1,280 8 NE Stewart St Main St NE 3rd Ave NE $224,000 M 29<br />
10 700 8 NE Cherry St 3rd Ave NE 4th Ave NE $122,000 H 31<br />
11 1,310 8 NE Cherry St Main St NE 3rd Ave NE $230,000 H 33<br />
12 710 8 NE Stella St 3rd Ave NE 4th Ave NE $124,000 H 31<br />
13 1,080 8 NE Stella St 1st Ave NE 3rd Ave NE $188,000 M 27<br />
14 380 8 NE Stella St Main St NE Railroad Ave NE $66,000 H 35<br />
15 280 8 NE Stephens St Ex. 8" Main Dead-end $48,000 L 16<br />
16 1,130 8 2nd Ave NE NE Stephens St NE Park St $197,000 M 29<br />
17 1,120 8 NE Ring St 1st Ave NE 3rd Ave NE $195,000 H 35<br />
18 1,120 8 NE Richardson St 1st Ave NE 3rd Ave NE $196,000 M 27<br />
19 1,110 8 NE Valley St 1st Ave NE 3rd Ave NE $194,000 M 27<br />
20 700 8 NE Park St 2nd Ave NE 3rd Ave NE $123,000 H 31<br />
21 650 8 NE Kennedy Dr ~Dougherty Pl NE Ex. 8" Main $114,000 L 25<br />
22 1,200 8 278th Ave NE (615 Zone) NE 144th St ~ NE 148th Pl $209,000 L 18<br />
1,030 8 278th Ave NE (555 Zone) ~ NE 145th Pl NE 150th St $181,000 L 18<br />
23 360 8 ~2nd Ave NE NE 145th St Dead-end $62,000 L 20<br />
24 840 12 284th Ave NE NE 147th Pl NE 144th St $170,000 L 20<br />
25 300 8 NE 145th St 3rd Ave NE Dead-end $53,000 L 25<br />
26 1,750 12 NE 143rd Pl 268th Ave NE ~ 265th Ave NE $354,000 M 29<br />
27 1,440 8 NE 143rd Pl 272nd & 143rd PRV 268th Ave NE $252,000 M 29<br />
28 720 8 Batten Rd NE NE Roney Rd NE 140th PL $126,000 L 18<br />
Total - Annual <strong>Water</strong> Main Replacement Projects $4,853,000<br />
* Priority: H = High, M = Medium, L = Low (flexibility in scheduling allowed for specific needs)<br />
Other Improvements<br />
The additional water main, pressure reducing station, and facility improvements were prioritized<br />
based on existing deficiencies, safety concerns, maintenance requirements, and capacity<br />
requirements. The miscellaneous improvements were prioritized based on regulatory<br />
requirements and assessment <strong>of</strong> the water system needs. The priority order <strong>of</strong> these<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 9-13 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH9 (12/29/04 2:31 PM)
CHAPTER 9<br />
improvements is reflected in the schedule <strong>of</strong> improvements, which is presented in the next<br />
section.<br />
SCHEDULE OF IMPROVEMENTS<br />
The results <strong>of</strong> prioritizing the improvements were used to assist in establishing an<br />
implementation schedule that can be used by the <strong>City</strong> for preparing its 6-year CIP and yearly<br />
water utility budget. The implementation schedule for the proposed improvements is shown in<br />
Table 9-5. An allowance <strong>of</strong> $160,000 per year for the first 12 years has been established for the<br />
annual replacement <strong>of</strong> the smaller water mains. A more aggressive replacement program is<br />
planned starting in the 13th year. The <strong>City</strong> will identify and schedule the replacement <strong>of</strong> these<br />
smaller water mains during the annual budget process. This provides the <strong>City</strong> with the flexibility<br />
to coordinate these projects with road or other projects within the same area.<br />
Future Project Cost Adjustments<br />
All cost estimates shown in the tables are presented in year 2003 dollars. These cost estimates<br />
will need to be adjusted to account for the effects <strong>of</strong> inflation and changing construction market<br />
conditions to determine future costs at the actual time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. Future costs<br />
can be estimated using the Engineering News Record (ENR) Construction Cost Index for the<br />
Seattle area or by applying an estimated rate <strong>of</strong> inflation that reflects the current and anticipated<br />
future market conditions.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 9-14 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH9 (12/29/04 2:31 PM)
Table 9-5<br />
Proposed Improvements Implementation Schedule<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 9-15 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH9 (12/29/04 2:31 PM)<br />
Estimated<br />
20-Year Schedule <strong>of</strong> Improvements<br />
Cost <strong>Plan</strong>ned Year <strong>of</strong> Project and Estimated Cost in 2003 $$<br />
No. Description (2003 $$) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011-16 2017-24<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Main Improvements<br />
WM1 Annual <strong>Water</strong> Main Replacement Program $4,853,000 $160K $160K $160K $160K $160K $160K $960K $2,933K<br />
WM2 12" in 274th Ave NE from Big Rock Rd to Tolt 2 Supply Station $618,000 $309K $309K<br />
WM3 12" in 3rd Ave NE from NE Park St to NE Big Rock Rd $814,000 $150K $664K<br />
WM4 8" & 12" in 3rd Ave from 3rd & Virginia PRV to NE Park St $744,000 $144K $600K<br />
WM5 12" in 3rd Ave NE from Cherry Valley Rd to 3rd & Virginia PRV $360,000 $360K<br />
Pressure Reducing Station and Relief Improvements<br />
PRV1 <strong>System</strong>-Wide Pressure Relief Improvements $200,000 $100K $100K<br />
PRV2 3rd and Stewart PRV Abandonment $5,000 $5K<br />
PRV3 3rd and Cherry PRV Abandonment $5,000 $5K<br />
PRV4 3rd and Stella PRV Abandonment $5,000 $5K<br />
PRV5 NE Park St PRV Abandonment $5,000 $5K<br />
PRV6 143rd and 268th PRV Replacement $90,000 $90K<br />
Facility Improvements<br />
F1 Taylor's Landing Well Monitoring and Study $100,000 $5K $5K $5K $5K $5K $5K $30K $40K<br />
F2 Crestview Estates Reservoir Recoating $60,000 $60K<br />
F3 Crestview Estates Reservoir Seismic Evaluation/Improvements $350,000 $15K $335K<br />
F4 Big Rock Road Reservoir Recoating $80,000 $80K<br />
F5 Big Rock Road Reservoir Inlet/Outlet Improvements $80,000 $80K<br />
F6 615 Zone Pump Station Improvements $200,000 $200K<br />
F7 Tolt 1 Supply Station Improvements $10,000 $10K<br />
F8 Tolt 2 Supply Station Improvements $10,000 $10K<br />
F9 Telemetry, Operation and Control Improvements $50,000 $25K $25K<br />
Miscellaneous Improvements<br />
M1 <strong>Duvall</strong> Highlands Mobile Home Park Meter Removal $2,000 $2K<br />
M2 Conservation Program and Leak Detection $170,000 $9K $9K $9K $9K $9K $9K $51K $68K<br />
M3 <strong>Water</strong> Reclamation Activities $100,000 $5K $5K $5K $5K $5K $5K $30K $40K<br />
M4 Cross-Connection Control Program $100,000 $5K $5K $5K $5K $5K $5K $30K $40K<br />
M5 <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> Update $405,000 $135K $135K $135K<br />
Total Estimated Project Costs $9,416,000 $411K $618K $508K $669K $908K $483K $2,566K $3,256K<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Improvements
Financial Program<br />
10<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
The purpose <strong>of</strong> this Financial Program (Program) is to summarize the financial status <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>’s (<strong>City</strong>) water utility and evaluate its ability to financially support necessary capital<br />
improvements identified in the Capital Improvement <strong>Plan</strong> (CIP) and to provide for the ongoing<br />
operational requirements <strong>of</strong> the water system. Specifically, this Program reviews the prior six<br />
years’ financial history; identifies revenue sources available to fund capital projects; and<br />
forecasts financial performance over the next six years. Further, this Program reviews the<br />
utility’s current rate structure with respect to rate adequacy, promotion <strong>of</strong> water conservation,<br />
and customer affordability.<br />
HISTORICAL FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE<br />
The utility operates on a cash basis, recording revenues and expenditures as received. A review<br />
<strong>of</strong> past operating results indicates that the <strong>City</strong>’s water utility is generally in good financial<br />
health, providing positive cash flow and significantly exceeding bond covenant obligations.<br />
Table 10-1 and Table 10-2 present a summary <strong>of</strong> revenues and expenditures for the past six<br />
years for the water operating fund (Fund 401) and the water capital improvement fund (Fund<br />
407), respectively.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 10-1 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH10 (12/29/04 2:35 PM)<br />
Prepared by FCS Group, Inc.
CHAPTER 10<br />
Table 10-1<br />
Historical Performance - Operating Fund<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Operating Fund (401) 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003<br />
Operating Revenue<br />
Charges for Services $ 608,987 $ 754,910 $ 990,187 $ 1,009,303 $ 1,145,818 $ 1,288,446<br />
Intergovernmental - - 4,796 - - -<br />
Fines & Forfeits - - 19,364 10,386 20,446 37,175<br />
Miscellaneous 21,569 20,796 31,194 32,983 13,493 45,507<br />
Other Financing Sources - - 7,466 - - -<br />
Total Operating Revenue $ 630,556 $ 775,706 $ 1,053,007 $ 1,052,672 $ 1,179,757 $ 1,371,128<br />
Operating Expenditures<br />
Physical Environment $ 524,126 $ 562,140 $ 597,030 $ 852,574 $ 964,318 $ 1,061,516<br />
Total Operating Expenditures $ 524,126 $ 562,140 $ 597,030 $ 852,574 $ 964,318 $ 1,061,516<br />
Other Financing Uses $ 25,000 $ 74,000 $ 55,700 $ 269,575 $ 57,649 $ -<br />
Net Cash from Operations $ 81,430 $ 139,566 $ 400,277 $ (69,477) $ 157,790 $ 309,612<br />
Other Revenues/Expenditures<br />
Non-Revenues $ 22,085 $ - $ - $ 5,695 $ - $ -<br />
Non-Expenditures (5,158) - - (4,354) - -<br />
Net Other Revenues/Expenditures $ 16,927 $ - $ - $ 1,341 $ - $ -<br />
Net Cash $ 98,357 $ 139,566 $ 400,277 $ (68,136) $ 157,790 $ 309,612<br />
Beginning Cash Balance $ 77,087 $ 175,444 $ 315,010 $ 715,287 $ 647,151 $ 804,941<br />
Ending Cash $ 175,444 $ 315,010 $ 715,287 $ 647,151 $ 804,941 $ 1,114,553<br />
Funds Available to Pay Debt Service [a] $ 106,430 $ 213,566 $ 455,977 $ 200,098 $ 215,439 $ 309,612<br />
Revenue Bond Debt Service - 58,963 58,963 58,963 58,963 58,963<br />
Debt Service Coverage n/a 3.62 7.73 3.39 3.65 5.25<br />
[a] Excludes GFC revenues<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH10 (12/29/04 2:35 PM) 10-2 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN<br />
Prepared by FCS Group, Inc.
Financial Program<br />
Table 10-2<br />
Historical Performance – <strong>Water</strong> Improvement Capital Fund<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Capital Fund (407) 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003<br />
Revenue<br />
Charges for Services $ 244,000 $ 209,500 $ 240,500 $ 914,600 $ 201,094 $ 40,500<br />
Intergovernmental - - - - - -<br />
Fines & Forfeits - - - - - -<br />
Miscellaneous 14,614 4,804 2,788 31,094 - 9,367<br />
Other Financing Sources - - 223,868 - - -<br />
Total Revenue $ 258,614 $ 214,304 $ 467,156 $ 945,694 $ 201,094 $ 49,867<br />
Expenditures<br />
Physical Environment $ 339,990 $ 87,348 $ 107,333 $ 19,959 $ 488,762 $ 5,595<br />
Total Expenditures $ 339,990 $ 87,348 $ 107,333 $ 19,959 $ 488,762 $ 5,595<br />
Debt Service $ 91,240 $ 92,967 $ 91,367 $ - $ - $ 164,227<br />
Other Financing Uses $ 85,000 $ 130,000 $ 70,000 $ 120,000 $ - $ 67,885<br />
Net Cash $ (257,616) $ (96,011) $ 198,456 $ 805,735 $ (287,668) $ (187,840)<br />
Other Revenues/Expenditures<br />
Non-Revenues $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -<br />
Non-Expenditures - - - (106,722) - -<br />
Net Other Revenues/Expenditures $ - $ - $ - $ (106,722) $ - $ -<br />
Net Cash $ (257,616) $ (96,011) $ 198,456 $ 699,013 $ (287,668) $ (187,840)<br />
Beginning Cash Balance $ 355,283 $ 97,667 $ 1,656 $ 200,112 $ 899,125 $ 611,457<br />
Ending Cash $ 97,667 $ 1,656 $ 200,112 $ 899,125 $ 611,457 $ 423,617<br />
It is important to note that while the utility provides positive cash flow under the “cash basis” <strong>of</strong><br />
accounting; annual depreciation expense is not accounted for, thereby creating a significant<br />
unfunded liability. Absent a mechanism for funding system replacement, this liability will<br />
continue to grow and likely result in substantial rate increases in the future. The <strong>City</strong> has<br />
evaluated the feasibility <strong>of</strong> establishing a replacement reserve to be funded through rates. Due to<br />
the impacts <strong>of</strong> combined water and sewer rate increases over the next several years, the <strong>City</strong><br />
does not plan to implement such a policy in the near term, but will re-visit this policy option with<br />
each annual budgeting process.<br />
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CHAPTER 10<br />
CAPITAL FUNDING OPTIONS<br />
The funding options available to the <strong>City</strong> for capital projects consist <strong>of</strong> state and federal<br />
programs that <strong>of</strong>fer low interest loans and grant funding, bonded debt, and cash funding through<br />
rates and general facilities charges. These funding mechanisms are described below.<br />
State and Federal Funding Programs<br />
Historically, federal and state grant programs were available for financial assistance; however,<br />
these have been mostly eliminated or replaced by loan programs. Remaining miscellaneous grant<br />
programs are generally funded lightly and heavily subscribed. Nonetheless, the benefit <strong>of</strong> even<br />
low-interest loans makes the effort <strong>of</strong> applying worthwhile. State programs reviewed as potential<br />
funding sources for the utility improvements set forth in this <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
are summarized below.<br />
• Public Works Trust Fund - The Public Works Trust Fund (PWTF) is a commonly used,<br />
low cost revolving loan fund established in 1985 by the state legislature to provide<br />
financial assistance to local governments, such as the <strong>City</strong>, for public works projects.<br />
Eligible projects include repair, replacement, rehabilitation, reconstruction, or<br />
improvement <strong>of</strong> eligible public works systems to meet current standards for existing users.<br />
Growth-related projects are not eligible.<br />
• PWTF Loans are available at interest rates <strong>of</strong> 0.5 percent, 1 percent, and 2 percent, with<br />
the lower interest rates given to applicants who pay a larger share <strong>of</strong> the total project costs.<br />
The loan applicant must pay a minimum <strong>of</strong> 5 percent towards the project cost to qualify<br />
for a 2 percent loan, 10 percent for a 1 percent loan, and 15 percent for a 0.5 percent loan.<br />
The useful life <strong>of</strong> the project determines the loan term up to a maximum <strong>of</strong> 20 years.<br />
• The applicant must be a local government, such as a city, county or special purpose utility<br />
district, and have an approved long-term plan for financing its public works needs. Local<br />
governments must compete for PWTF dollars, since more funds are requested each year<br />
than are available. The Public Works Board evaluates each application and transmits a<br />
prioritized list <strong>of</strong> projects to the legislature. The legislature then indicates its approval by<br />
passing an appropriation from the Public Works Assistance Account to cover the cost <strong>of</strong><br />
the approved loans. Once the Governor has signed the appropriations bill into law, the<br />
local governments receiving the loans are <strong>of</strong>fered a formal loan agreement with the<br />
appropriate interest rate and term, as determined by the Public Works Trust Fund Board.<br />
• Community Economic Revitalization Board - Managed by the Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Community Trade and Economic Development, this program provides grants and loans to<br />
fund public facilities that result in specific private sector development. Eligible projects<br />
include water, sewer, roads, and bridges. Funding varies.<br />
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Financial Program<br />
• Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program - Also administered by the<br />
State Department <strong>of</strong> Community Trade and Economic Development, the CDBG program<br />
provides grants and loans for infrastructure improvements, including water projects, for<br />
business development that create or retain jobs for low and moderate-income residents.<br />
• Department <strong>of</strong> Ecology - The Department <strong>of</strong> Ecology <strong>Water</strong> Quality Financial Assistance<br />
Program sponsors four grant and loan programs: the Centennial Clean <strong>Water</strong> Fund, Federal<br />
319 Programs, State Revolving Fund (SRF) Loans, and the Aquatic Weeds Grant<br />
Programs. While most <strong>of</strong> the funding goes to wastewater programs, projects such as<br />
development and implementation <strong>of</strong> groundwater and wellhead protection programs are<br />
included. Congress has authorized a limited amount <strong>of</strong> money for the Drinking <strong>Water</strong><br />
State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) loan specifically for programs to improve water quality.<br />
Funding is generally limited to 50 percent and comes in the form <strong>of</strong> either a grant or low<br />
interest loan (0 percent for up to 5-years, increasing to 4.8 percent for 15 to 20 years).<br />
Of these programs, the PWTF is the most attractive program for the <strong>City</strong>. The emphasis <strong>of</strong><br />
PWTF loans on replacement and rehabilitation fits well with the <strong>City</strong>’s water main replacement<br />
program at an estimated cost <strong>of</strong> $7.4 million (current day dollars) over the next 20 years. To be<br />
conservative in the crafting <strong>of</strong> our analyses, the recommended capital financing strategy assumes<br />
no funding assistance from low-interest programs and that projects will be completed within the<br />
means <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s existing capital reserves with any shortfall funded through the issuance <strong>of</strong><br />
revenue bonds. However, we recommend the <strong>City</strong> actively pursue PWTF loans as means to<br />
reduce costs to its ratepayers.<br />
Bonded Debt<br />
Revenue Bonds - The most common source <strong>of</strong> funds for construction <strong>of</strong> major utility<br />
improvements is the sale <strong>of</strong> revenue bonds. These tax-free bonds are issued by utilities and are<br />
typically repaid from rate revenues. In order to qualify to sell revenue bonds, the <strong>City</strong> must<br />
show that its net operating income (gross income less expenses) is equal to or greater than a<br />
factor, typically 1.2 to 1.4, times the annual service on all par debt. This factor is commonly<br />
referred to as the coverage factor, and is applicable to revenue bonds sold on the commercial<br />
market. Coverage requirement is one <strong>of</strong> two factors (together with cash needs) that could trigger<br />
future rate increases. Although commonly used, revenue bonds incur relatively high interest<br />
rates and therefore, should be relied upon only after all other grant and low-interest loan options<br />
have been exhausted.<br />
Utility Resources<br />
Utility financial resources available for capital funding include rate funding, capital reserves, and<br />
general facilities charges.<br />
• Rates and Rate Funding – As previously mentioned, the <strong>City</strong> does not currently have a<br />
policy in place to provide for annual water system replacement through rates.<br />
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• Capital Reserves – The <strong>City</strong> maintains a separate Capital Fund (fund 407) dedicated to<br />
water utility capital expenses. At the beginning <strong>of</strong> 2004, this fund had a total <strong>of</strong> $423,600<br />
available to support capital project costs.<br />
• General Facilities Charges – The <strong>City</strong> imposes a general facilities charge (GFC) on all<br />
new connections to the water system. The current GFC is $2,000 for a 5/8-inch meter and<br />
increases with the size <strong>of</strong> the meter. Revenues generated from this source are projected at<br />
just over $100,000 in 2004 and, per <strong>City</strong> policy, will be used first to pay annual debt<br />
service with remaining dollars available to fund capital projects. The updated GFC,<br />
described in detail below, is $5,256 for a 5/8-inch meter, and is expected to generate over<br />
$275,000 in 2005 and roughly $2.5 million through 2010.<br />
General Facilities Charges (GFCs)<br />
General facilities charges (GFCs) are sources <strong>of</strong> funding typically used by utilities to support<br />
capital needs. They are a form <strong>of</strong> connection charge, as authorized in the Washington Revised<br />
Code 57.08.010, and are imposed on new customers connecting to the water system as a<br />
condition <strong>of</strong> service, in addition to actual costs incurred to physically connect to the system. The<br />
underlying premise <strong>of</strong> a GFC is to recover from growth all water system capital costs that have<br />
been or will be incurred on their behalf to provide service capacity (i.e., require growth to pay<br />
for growth).<br />
The purpose <strong>of</strong> the GFC is two-fold: 1) to provide funding sources for capital financing, in the<br />
case <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>, to be used to meet annual debt service obligations, and 2) to recover<br />
an equitable level <strong>of</strong> investment in the system from new customer connections. In the absence <strong>of</strong><br />
such a right-to-connect charge, existing customers would be required to bear the burden <strong>of</strong> all<br />
capital costs, including capacity-related costs, through rates. In addition, the current customers’<br />
net investment in the utility would be diluted by the addition <strong>of</strong> new customers absent a GFC.<br />
This dilution would, in effect, be a subsidy to new customer connections.<br />
Typically, the basis for the GFC is the cost the utility has incurred or will incur to provide the<br />
water system. The cost <strong>of</strong> the system to be recovered by the general facilities charge can be<br />
defined in two parts:<br />
• Many <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s water facilities, such as storage tanks, pumping facilities and<br />
transmission mains, were constructed with available capacity to provide water service to<br />
growth as it occurs. The GFC is designed to recognize this investment, made by the<br />
existing ratepayers on behalf <strong>of</strong> future development, and recover an equitable and<br />
proportionate share <strong>of</strong> this cost. This cost is net <strong>of</strong> donated facilities, whether from grants,<br />
developers or through Local Improvement District assessments. In addition, State statute<br />
allows for inclusion <strong>of</strong> up to 10-years <strong>of</strong> interest in the existing cost basis.<br />
• The GFC calculation also accounts for planned upgrade/improvement projects that benefit<br />
all customers, as well as projects to be undertaken solely to provide available capacity for<br />
new development. For this analysis, we have included all capital projects identified in the<br />
20-year Capital Improvement Program, excluding replacement projects and those projects<br />
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Financial Program<br />
to be funded by developers or other contributions. Repair and replacement projects may<br />
not be included in the GFC cost basis, and rather, must be funded by existing ratepayers as<br />
those assets are retired. Upgrade projects identified within the CIP are assumed to benefit<br />
all customers and, as such, existing and future customers share the costs proportionately.<br />
Capacity-increasing projects should be financed by those new customers requiring water<br />
availability and therefore are recovered solely from growth.<br />
A summary <strong>of</strong> the GFC calculation is displayed in Table 10-3.<br />
Table 10-3<br />
General Facilities Charge<br />
Allocable Cost <strong>of</strong> Existing and <strong>Plan</strong>ned Facilities Serving All Customers<br />
Net Allocable Existing <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>t-in-Service Cost <strong>of</strong> Capital $ 17,375,224<br />
Net Allocable <strong>Plan</strong>ned Future Improvement Facilities 1,643,000<br />
Total Allocable Cost Basis $ 19,018,224<br />
Allocable Cost <strong>of</strong> Existing and <strong>Plan</strong>ned Facilities Serving Growth Only<br />
Cost <strong>of</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>ned Future Facilities for New Growth $ 380,000<br />
Capacity Analysis in Equivalent Residential Units (ERUs)<br />
Existing ERUs 2,064<br />
Future ERUs (Incremental) 1,714<br />
Total ERU Base 3,778<br />
Calculation <strong>of</strong> General Facilities Charge<br />
Total Existing Cost Basis / Total Capacity + Total Future Cost Basis / Growth (1) $ 5,256<br />
(1) Existing facilities plus non-growth capital projects are divided by the total number <strong>of</strong> system ERUs,<br />
thus sharing expense proportionately among current and future customers. Growth related capital<br />
necessary to serve growth only, and thus the sole responsibility <strong>of</strong> growth.<br />
PROJECTION OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE<br />
The projection <strong>of</strong> financial performance begins with the six-year capital funding strategy,<br />
followed by the projection <strong>of</strong> cash operating expenses, and finally a summary <strong>of</strong> revenue<br />
requirements and necessary rate adjustments. A number <strong>of</strong> forecast assumptions are used in the<br />
analyses:<br />
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CHAPTER 10<br />
• Capital projects planned over the next six years (2005 through 2010) total $3.6 million<br />
(current day dollars) and function as the basis for evaluating funding rate impacts.<br />
• Capital expenses include annual inflation <strong>of</strong> 3.5 percent.<br />
• Revenue bond terms include an interest rate <strong>of</strong> 5.5 percent, issuance costs <strong>of</strong> 2.0 percent, a<br />
20-year repayment schedule, and bond coverage <strong>of</strong> 1.25 times annual debt service<br />
payments.<br />
• Customer growth is conservatively estimated at roughly 2.5 percent per year (2004 – 2007)<br />
and 4.0 percent per year (2008 through 2010).<br />
• The <strong>City</strong>’s fund interest earnings rate is conservatively estimated at 1.5 percent.<br />
• General cost inflation is estimated at 3.0 percent.<br />
• Labor cost inflation is estimated at 3.50 percent.<br />
• Purchased water costs (SPU) are estimated to increase 7.0 percent in 2005 and 2.0 percent<br />
in 2006. No additional increases are anticipated. Estimates are based on the best<br />
information at the time <strong>of</strong> this analysis. As a result <strong>of</strong> excess revenues generated from SPU<br />
over the last year, it is possible these increases will not materialize.<br />
CAPITAL FUNDING STRATEGY<br />
The <strong>City</strong> has historically funded capital projects through general facilities charge revenues,<br />
PWTF loans, and revenue bonds. We have analyzed the <strong>City</strong>’s ability to fund the proposed sixyear<br />
Capital Improvement Program (incorporating annual inflation). Table 10-4 summarizes the<br />
proposed capital funding strategy.<br />
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Financial Program<br />
Table 10-4<br />
Capital Financing <strong>Plan</strong> (Inflated $$)<br />
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010<br />
Uses<br />
Capital Improvement Projects $ 15,000 $ 266,735 $ 165,199 $ 44,753 $ 426,379 $ 103,257 $ 202,292<br />
Repair & Replacement Projects - 173,538 519,989 538,188 368,183 1,012,906 412,218<br />
Total Capital Costs $ 15,000 $ 440,273 $ 685,188 $ 582,942 $ 794,562 $ 1,116,164 $ 614,511<br />
Sources<br />
Developer Contributions/LID $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -<br />
Grants - - - - - - -<br />
R&R Reserve - - - - - - -<br />
Capital Reserves 15,000 440,273 685,188 480,915 192,836 469,954 481,642<br />
Additional Rate Funding - - - - - - -<br />
Alternative Debt Instrument - - - - - - -<br />
Revenue Bonds - - - 102,026 601,726 646,210 132,869<br />
Total Funding Sources $ 15,000 $ 440,273 $ 685,188 $ 582,942 $ 794,562 $ 1,116,164 $ 614,511<br />
This analysis assumes that the <strong>City</strong> implements the updated general facilities charge to become<br />
effective by the beginning <strong>of</strong> 2005. Applying future growth estimates provided by the <strong>City</strong>, the<br />
utility is projected to generate $2.5 million in GFC revenues through 2010. While roughly 50<br />
percent <strong>of</strong> this revenue will be used to pay debt service, nearly $1.2 million will be available to<br />
fund capital projects. It should be noted that while the <strong>City</strong>’s reliance on GFC revenues helps<br />
mitigate projected future rate increases, actual GFC revenues can vary substantially from<br />
projections if growth does not occur as planned. Should lower levels <strong>of</strong> growth occur, the <strong>City</strong><br />
may need to implement additional rate increases and/or issue additional debt to ensure adequate<br />
revenues are available to pay expenditures and to ensure that debt service coverage is met.<br />
Assuming the adequacy <strong>of</strong> future GFC revenue as discussed above, the <strong>City</strong> has sufficient capital<br />
reserves (including GFCs revenues used for capital) to fund the CIP through 2006. The financing<br />
strategy and resultant rate revenue requirements assume issuance <strong>of</strong> revenue bonds in the<br />
amounts necessary to meet each year’s revenue shortfall. In practice, however, it may be more<br />
cost effective to issue revenue bonds to cover expenditures for a three-year period (in keeping<br />
with arbitrage rules). For example, the <strong>City</strong> could cash fund the 2007 shortfall from rates and<br />
issue a single $1.2 million bond to cover the next three-year shortfall. Although this strategy<br />
would result in the same cumulative rate increase over the period, larger increases would be<br />
required sooner to cover the debt service payments on the larger bond issue.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 10-9 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH10 (12/29/04 2:35 PM)<br />
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CHAPTER 10<br />
WATER OPERATIONS<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s 2004 water operating budget is used as a baseline for projecting future operating and<br />
maintenance costs. The forecast shown in Table 10-5 incorporates the effects <strong>of</strong> annual inflation<br />
and other known operational changes.<br />
Table 10-5<br />
Operating and Maintenance Expenses<br />
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010<br />
Administration - General<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Revenue Tax $ 73,264 $ 75,098 $ 76,932 $ 78,767 $ 82,157 $ 85,548 $ 88,939<br />
Utility Taxes (to General Fund) 67,328 69,014 70,699 72,385 75,501 78,617 81,733<br />
Equipment and Maintenance<br />
Meters, Valves, Hydrants $ 85,000 $ 87,550 $ 90,177 $ 92,882 $ 95,668 $ 98,538 $ 101,494<br />
R&R Existing Mains 44,550 46,109 47,723 49,393 51,122 52,911 54,763<br />
Touch-to-Read Meter Install 45,000 46,350 47,741 49,173 50,648 52,167 53,732<br />
Operations - General<br />
Salaries and Wages $ 181,407 $ 187,756 $ 194,328 $ 201,129 $ 208,169 $ 215,455 $ 222,996<br />
Personnel Benefits 55,072 57,000 58,995 61,059 63,196 65,408 67,698<br />
Office & Operating Supplies 15,250 16,089 16,965 17,878 19,184 20,552 21,983<br />
Operation Fuel 3,000 3,090 3,183 3,278 3,377 3,478 3,582<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> Seattle <strong>Water</strong> Purchase 401,623 439,791 459,329 470,280 490,524 510,769 531,013<br />
Small Tools and Minor Equipment 3,300 3,399 3,501 3,606 3,714 3,826 3,940<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>essional 34,500 35,708 36,957 38,251 39,590 40,975 42,409<br />
Communications 17,200 17,716 18,247 18,795 19,359 19,940 20,538<br />
Travel 2,500 2,575 2,652 2,732 2,814 2,898 2,985<br />
Advertising 700 721 743 765 788 811 836<br />
Insurance 16,620 17,119 17,632 18,161 18,706 19,267 19,845<br />
Public Utilities 15,500 15,965 16,444 16,937 17,445 17,969 18,508<br />
Repair & Maintenance Vehicles 4,000 4,120 4,244 4,371 4,502 4,637 4,776<br />
Training 4,600 4,738 4,880 5,027 5,177 5,333 5,493<br />
Machinery & Equipment 7,450 7,674 7,904 8,141 8,385 8,637 8,896<br />
Computer Hardware/S<strong>of</strong>tware 3,300 3,399 3,501 3,606 3,714 3,826 3,940<br />
Membership Dues / Fees 3,900 4,017 4,138 4,262 4,389 4,521 4,657<br />
Miscellaneous 2,900 2,987 3,077 3,169 3,264 3,362 3,463<br />
Operating Transfers Out<br />
Transfers to 001 General Admin $ 62,756 $ 62,756 $ 62,756 $ 62,756 $ 62,756 $ 62,756 $ 62,756<br />
Total Operating Expenses $ 1,150,720 $ 1,210,740 $ 1,252,745 $ 1,286,802 $ 1,334,150 $ 1,382,200 $ 1,430,975<br />
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Financial Program<br />
REVENUE REQUIREMENTS<br />
The revenue requirements analysis determines if the operating revenues are sufficient to fund<br />
operating expenses, reserve funding, debt service and coverage requirements. Two separate<br />
conditions must be met for user charge revenues to be sufficient: periodic cash needs must be<br />
met and the minimum revenue bond debt service coverage requirement must be realized.<br />
The cash flow test identifies cash requirement for the utility in the year addressed. Those<br />
requirements can include cash operating and maintenance expenses, debt service, directly funded<br />
capital outlays or transfers to the capital fund, and any projected additions to reserves. The total<br />
cash needs are then compared to projected utility revenues. Any shortfalls are identified and the<br />
level <strong>of</strong> rate increase necessary to make up the shortfall is estimated.<br />
The coverage test is based on the bond covenants for revenue bonds, which require that a<br />
specific test <strong>of</strong> revenue sufficiency be met. The <strong>City</strong>’s current bond covenants require that<br />
revenues (including GFCs) must be sufficient to meet operating expenses plus a factor <strong>of</strong> 1.25<br />
times annual debt service on all revenue bond debt issued. The coverage factor adds some<br />
protection for bondholders against the risk <strong>of</strong> poor financial performance. Although the current<br />
covenants allow for the inclusion <strong>of</strong> GFC revenues, we recommend the <strong>City</strong> establish a separate<br />
coverage test that excludes GFC revenues in order to enhance or maintain credit worthiness<br />
should growth not occur as planned. For purposes <strong>of</strong> this analysis, two coverage tests are<br />
applied:<br />
• Revenues, including GFCs, must be sufficient to cover operating expenses plus a factor <strong>of</strong><br />
1.50 times annual revenue bond debt service.<br />
• Revenues, excluding GFCs, must be sufficient to cover operating expenses plus a factor <strong>of</strong><br />
1.25 times annual revenue bond debt service.<br />
Table 10-6 summarizes revenue requirements through 2010, including total revenues, expenses,<br />
revenue sufficiency/deficiency, and necessary annual revenue increases. As shown, the water<br />
utility is projected to need about an 8.0 percent increase in 2006, with inflationary level increases<br />
in all other years. As mentioned previously, this schedule <strong>of</strong> projected rate increases is based on<br />
two important assumptions: a) GFC revenues are generated as projected, and b) debt service is<br />
issued as needed annually. If the GFC revenues do not materialize as projected, the utility may<br />
not only have to generate additional funding for debt service/capital funding, but it may also<br />
need to implement additional rate increases to meet revenue bond coverage requirements. While<br />
the GFC revenue assumption is material to the financial forecast, the second assumption is more<br />
benign and only relates to the magnitude and timing <strong>of</strong> debt issues and resultant rate increases.<br />
If, for example, the <strong>City</strong> were to issue a single revenue bond (instead <strong>of</strong> four smaller issues in<br />
the 2007-2010 period), the <strong>City</strong> would need to adopt a larger initial rate increase in 2007 instead<br />
<strong>of</strong> smaller annual increases later on. The timing and magnitude <strong>of</strong> debt issues and resultant rate<br />
increases is a matter <strong>of</strong> preference for the <strong>City</strong>, although from efficiency and cost-effectiveness<br />
standpoint, it is generally more advantageous to issue a single, larger issue to cover up to three<br />
years <strong>of</strong> capital expenses.<br />
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CHAPTER 10<br />
Our analysis shows that coverage requirements will drive the <strong>City</strong>’s rates for the foreseeable<br />
future. Should the <strong>City</strong> pursue and secure PWTF loans to fund some <strong>of</strong> the capital projects,<br />
revenue bond issues could be reduced, resulting in lower required increases (PWTF loans have<br />
lower interest rates and do not require coverage).<br />
Table 10-6<br />
Revenue Requirements<br />
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010<br />
Revenues<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Service Charges $ 1,100,000 $ 1,127,539 $ 1,155,078 $ 1,182,617 $ 1,233,526 $ 1,284,435 $ 1,335,344<br />
Public Works Inspection 10,000 10,250 10,501 10,751 11,214 11,677 12,139<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Hook-ups 13,250 13,582 13,913 14,245 14,858 15,472 16,085<br />
Miscellaneous Penalties 30,000 30,751 31,502 32,253 33,642 35,030 36,418<br />
Investment Interest 19,928 6,448 6,448 6,690 6,920 7,880 8,953<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Shut-<strong>of</strong>fs 4,500 4,635 4,774 4,917 5,065 5,217 5,373<br />
Rental <strong>of</strong> Fire Hydrant - - - - - - -<br />
Misc Revenues - - - - - - -<br />
GFC Revenue towards Debt Service 106,000 160,632 158,636 166,063 201,764 259,985 270,797<br />
Total Revenue $ 1,283,678 $ 1,353,837 $ 1,380,852 $ 1,417,537 $ 1,506,988 $ 1,619,695 $ 1,685,110<br />
Expenses<br />
Cash Operating Expenses $ 1,150,720 $ 1,210,740 $ 1,252,745 $ 1,286,802 $ 1,334,150 $ 1,382,200 $ 1,430,975<br />
Existing Debt Service 162,627 160,632 158,636 156,641 136,768 135,309 133,850<br />
New Debt Service - - - 9,423 64,995 124,676 136,947<br />
Additions to R&R Reserve - - - - - - -<br />
Add'l Rate Funding for Capital Projects - - - - - - -<br />
Replacement Funding - - - - - - -<br />
Additions to Operating Reserve - - - - - - -<br />
Total Expenses $ 1,313,347 $ 1,371,372 $ 1,411,382 $ 1,452,865 $ 1,535,914 $ 1,642,185 $ 1,701,772<br />
Deficiency<br />
Cash Deficiency $ 29,670 $ 17,535 $ 30,529 $ 35,329 $ 28,926 $ 22,490 $ 16,662<br />
Additional Coverage Deficiency - - 73,704 85,482 154,948 229,549 244,888<br />
Use <strong>of</strong> Reserves (29,670) - - - - - -<br />
Total Revenue Deficiency $ (0) $ 17,535 $ 104,233 $ 120,811 $ 183,873 $ 252,039 $ 261,549<br />
Required Rate Increases<br />
Annual Rate Increase Required 0.00% 1.73% 8.15% 1.20% 4.68% 4.49% 0.00%<br />
Cumulative Rate Increase Required 0.00% 1.73% 10.02% 11.34% 16.55% 21.79% 21.79%<br />
Debt Service Coverage (After Rate Increases)<br />
Without GFC Revenues 0.46 0.03 1.44 1.44 1.41 1.40 1.40<br />
With GFC Revenues 2.25 4.76 6.17 5.52 5.65 4.26 4.08<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH10 (12/29/04 2:35 PM) 10-12 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN<br />
Prepared by FCS Group, Inc.
Financial Program<br />
RATE ASSESSMENT<br />
The rate assessment includes a review <strong>of</strong> projected rate levels and affordability, as well as a<br />
discussion <strong>of</strong> the effectiveness <strong>of</strong> the current rate structure to address conservation.<br />
Rate Levels<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s rates and charges are adequate to support the cost <strong>of</strong> the improvements identified in<br />
this plan with relatively moderate rate increases over the next six years. These projections<br />
include funding <strong>of</strong> well-founded fiscal policies, which identify reasonable minimum operating<br />
reserves (45 days <strong>of</strong> O&M) and capital contingency reserves (roughly equal to 1% <strong>of</strong> utility<br />
fixed assets). The <strong>City</strong>’s good financial position is projected to continue. Implementation <strong>of</strong> a<br />
funding mechanism for system replacement will further enhance the utility’s financial health in<br />
the future.<br />
The Washington Department <strong>of</strong> Health requires that small water systems, as part <strong>of</strong> the water<br />
system plan development process, conduct a median household income index analysis. To<br />
complete this test the system must compare the existing and projected average residential bills to<br />
1.5% <strong>of</strong> median household income for all six years. This analysis provides an indication <strong>of</strong> a<br />
residential connection’s ability to pay the existing and projected rates. If rates exceed 1.5% <strong>of</strong><br />
the median household income in any year <strong>of</strong> the budget, it suggests that the system’s rates may<br />
not be affordable.<br />
The year 1999 median household income for King County, where the <strong>City</strong> is located, was<br />
$54,671 (according to the year 2000 census). This amount, inflated at the assumed inflation<br />
rates, is equivalent to about $62,200 in 2004 and $74,300 in 2010. One and a half percent <strong>of</strong><br />
these amounts are about $933 annually for 2004 and $1,115 for 2010, or a maximum monthly<br />
bill <strong>of</strong> $78 in 2004 and $93 in 2010 for the <strong>City</strong>’s residential customers.<br />
The current average monthly water bill for a residential customer (using 600 cubic feet <strong>of</strong> water<br />
per month) is $31.33. The water utility’s revenue requirements are projected to increase by<br />
about 21.79% over the next six years, which implies a residential rate <strong>of</strong> about $38.16 a month<br />
by 2010. This amount is well within the limits described above, indicating that the <strong>City</strong> meets<br />
the median household income test requirements. This holds true for customers using as much as<br />
1400 cubic feet <strong>of</strong> water per month.<br />
Rate Structure<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s current water rate structure is conservation-oriented and is based on tiered usage<br />
blocks with appropriate pricing signals. The utility has five blocks for its monthly residential<br />
bills (2-4 ccf, 4-6 ccf, 6-8 ccf, 8-10 ccf, greater than 10 ccf) with each block costing more per<br />
unit than the previous block. Our analysis assumes that the projected percentage rate increases<br />
would be applied to the existing water rate structure components, without modifying the<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 10-13 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH10 (12/29/04 2:35 PM)<br />
Prepared by FCS Group, Inc.
CHAPTER 10<br />
structure itself. Table 10-7 summarizes projected residential rates through 2010. Copies <strong>of</strong> the<br />
ordinances setting the current water rates and charges are included in Appendix P.<br />
Table 10-7<br />
Schedule <strong>of</strong> Residential Rates<br />
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010<br />
Monthly Base Fee (includes 2 ccf) $ 18.65 $ 18.97 $ 20.52 $ 20.77 $ 21.74 $ 22.71 $ 22.71<br />
Volume Charge - $/ccf<br />
200 - 400 cubic feet $ 2.77 $ 2.82 $ 3.05 $ 3.08 $ 3.23 $ 3.37 $ 3.37<br />
401 - 600 cubic feet $ 3.57 $ 3.63 $ 3.93 $ 3.97 $ 4.16 $ 4.35 $ 4.35<br />
601 - 800 cubic feet $ 4.36 $ 4.44 $ 4.80 $ 4.85 $ 5.08 $ 5.31 $ 5.31<br />
801 - 1,000 cubic feet $ 5.16 $ 5.25 $ 5.68 $ 5.75 $ 6.01 $ 6.28 $ 6.28<br />
Over 1,001 cubic feet $ 5.95 $ 6.05 $ 6.55 $ 6.62 $ 6.93 $ 7.25 $ 7.25<br />
Average Monthly Bill (600 cubic feet) $ 31.33 $ 31.87 $ 34.47 $ 34.88 $ 36.52 $ 38.16 $ 38.16<br />
There are some modifications that the <strong>City</strong> could make in the future to further enhance the<br />
effectiveness <strong>of</strong> its water rates towards conservation and equitable cost recovery. Some examples<br />
<strong>of</strong> potential rate structure enhancements that the <strong>City</strong> could consider in the future are:<br />
• Tailor, or individualize, the price signals. Adjust the residential structure to one perhaps<br />
based on each residence’s average winter usage. The <strong>City</strong> could charge customers a<br />
certain price for their winter average or some fraction there <strong>of</strong>, and then establish a series<br />
<strong>of</strong> usage blocks <strong>of</strong> fixed size which begin at the benchmark volume.<br />
• Develop a pattern-based rate structure. This structure would have a conservative user<br />
discount and actively reward customers that use less water. Examples <strong>of</strong> this program<br />
could include sending a rebate check at the end <strong>of</strong> the year if the customer met certain<br />
conservation goals or having an automatic adjustment on their bills to reward them if their<br />
usage history conforms to some targeted pattern.<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\WCPCH10 (12/29/04 2:35 PM) 10-14 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN<br />
Prepared by FCS Group, Inc.
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST<br />
TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT<br />
A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION:<br />
1. Name <strong>of</strong> proposed project, if applicable: <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> Update<br />
2. Name <strong>of</strong> applicant: <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> – Engineering Department<br />
Mailing Address: PO Box 1300<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong>, WA 98019<br />
3. Applicant is (owner, agent, other): <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> – Steven Leniszewski<br />
4. Name <strong>of</strong> Legal Owner: <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> Telephone: 425.788.3434<br />
Mailing Address: PO Box 1300<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong>, WA 98019<br />
5. Date checklist prepared: 5/17/04<br />
6. Agency requesting checklist: <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
7. Proposed timing or schedule (including phasing and construction dates, if applicable):<br />
Project is scheduled to be completed within the next four months. This is a non-project<br />
SEPA so there is no construction related to this project.<br />
8. Do you have any plans for future additions, expansion, or further activity related to or<br />
Connected with this proposal. If yes, explain. This plan is required to be updated every<br />
six years.<br />
9. List any environmental information you know about that has been prepared, or will be<br />
prepared, directly related to this proposal. NA
10. List all permits for this project from local, state, federal, or other agencies for which you<br />
have applied or will apply.<br />
AGENCY<br />
PERMIT<br />
TYPE<br />
DATED<br />
SUBMITTED NUMBER STATUS<br />
WA-DOH 5/28/04 Pending<br />
King County 5/28/04 Pending<br />
* LEAVE BLANK IF NOT SUBMITTED<br />
** APPROVED, DENIED, OR PENDING<br />
11. Do you know whether applications are pending for governmental approvals <strong>of</strong> other<br />
proposals directly affecting the property covered by your proposal? If yes, explain.<br />
NA<br />
12. Give a brief, complete description <strong>of</strong> your proposal, including the proposed uses and the<br />
size <strong>of</strong> the project and site. There are several questions later in this checklist that ask you to<br />
describe certain aspects <strong>of</strong> your proposal. You do not need to repeat those answers on this<br />
page. (Lead agencies may modify this form to include additional specific information on<br />
project description.)<br />
We are in the process <strong>of</strong> updating our <strong>City</strong>’s <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. This plan guides<br />
the <strong>City</strong> in it’s water system planning and design also identifying service capacity and<br />
identifying any deficiencies we may have.<br />
13. Location <strong>of</strong> the proposal. Give sufficient information for a person to understand the precise<br />
location <strong>of</strong> your proposed project, including a street address, if any, and section, township<br />
and range if known. If a proposal would occur over a range <strong>of</strong> area, provide the range or<br />
boundaries <strong>of</strong> the sites(s). Provide a legal description, site plan, vicinity map, and<br />
topographic map, if reasonably available. While you should submit any plans required by<br />
the agency, you are not required to duplicate maps or detailed plans submitted with any<br />
permit applications related to this checklist.<br />
Tax identification number: <strong>City</strong> wide & water service boundary<br />
Site address: <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Page 2 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
Located at:<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
See vicinity map and plans:<br />
Page 3 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT<br />
B. ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS<br />
EVALUATION<br />
FOR AGENCY<br />
USE ONLY<br />
1. EARTH<br />
A. General description <strong>of</strong> the site (circle one): flat, rolling, hilly,<br />
steep slopes, mountainous, other _______________. Describe<br />
location and areas on the site that have different topography.<br />
The project is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong><br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be provided<br />
at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation in the project specific SEPA<br />
document. Generally, the topography <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> rises<br />
gently from the Snoqualmie River along the western edge <strong>of</strong> the<br />
<strong>City</strong> to a plateau region. Some steep slopes are encountered in<br />
the northern end <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
B. What is the steepest slope on the site (approximate percent slope)?<br />
Describe location and areas <strong>of</strong> different topography.<br />
Most <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> has slopes <strong>of</strong> 1 to 10 percent. The steepest<br />
section is found in the north central portion <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> at<br />
approximately 70 percent.<br />
C. What general types <strong>of</strong> soils are found on the site (for example,<br />
clay, sand, gravel, peat, mulch)? If you know the classification <strong>of</strong><br />
agricultural specify them and note any prime farmland.<br />
The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong><br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be provided<br />
at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. Generally, the soils<br />
generally found within the region have been classified as<br />
Alderwood gravelly sandy loam, Everett soils, Kitsap soils, and<br />
other less extensive soil types.<br />
D. Are there surface indications or history <strong>of</strong> unstable soils in the<br />
immediate vicinity? If so, describe.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation.<br />
E. Describe the purpose, type, location, and approximate quantities <strong>of</strong><br />
any filling or grading proposed. Indicate source <strong>of</strong> fill.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Implementation <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> the<br />
provisions <strong>of</strong> the plan will involve grading (e.g. mainline pipe<br />
installations). The purpose, type, and quantities will be provided<br />
at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation.<br />
Page 4 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
F. Could erosion occur as a result <strong>of</strong> clearing, construction, or use? If<br />
so, generally describe.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Implementation <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> the<br />
provisions <strong>of</strong> the plan may result in erosion. Additional<br />
information will be provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project<br />
implementation.<br />
G. About what percentage <strong>of</strong> the site will be covered with impervious<br />
surfaces after project construction (for example, asphalt or<br />
building)?<br />
N/A. The proposal in a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. When implemented, most <strong>of</strong> the<br />
provisions <strong>of</strong> the plan will not result in increased impervious<br />
surfaces. For example, the proposed pipeline projects will be<br />
constructed beneath existing paved areas or along the shoulder <strong>of</strong><br />
existing right-<strong>of</strong>-ways. For those that will result in additional<br />
impervious surface area, additional information will be provided<br />
at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation.<br />
H. Proposed measures to reduce or control erosion, or other impacts<br />
to the earth, if any.<br />
None are proposed at this time. The proposal is a non-project<br />
action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. When the<br />
plan is implemented, an objective <strong>of</strong> the project designs will be to<br />
balance the required cuts and fills to the extent possible to<br />
minimize the import <strong>of</strong> fill material. For those projects that<br />
require it, imported fill material will be obtained from local<br />
suppliers to the extent possible. In addition, best management<br />
practices will be implemented to control erosion. The<br />
construction documents for an individual project will include the<br />
specific erosion control requirements for that project. The above<br />
measures will be identified in the project-specific SEPA<br />
document.<br />
EVALUATION<br />
FOR AGENCY<br />
USE ONLY<br />
2. AIR<br />
A. What type <strong>of</strong> emissions to the air would result from the proposal<br />
(i.e. dust, automobile, odors, industrial wood smoke) during<br />
construction and when the project is completed? If any, generally<br />
describe and give approximate quantities if known.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Implementation <strong>of</strong> the plan may<br />
result in emissions to the air (e.g. dust & exhaust during<br />
Page 5 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
construction). Additional information will be provided in projectspecific<br />
SEPA document.<br />
B. Are there any <strong>of</strong>f-site sources <strong>of</strong> emission or odor that may affect<br />
your proposal? If so, generally describe.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Additional information will be<br />
provided in the project specific SEPA document.<br />
C. Proposed measures to reduce or control emissions or other impact<br />
to air, if any.<br />
None are proposed at this time. The proposal is a non-project<br />
action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Measures<br />
to reduce or control dust and exhaust will be considered during<br />
project-specific SEPA review.<br />
EVALUATION<br />
FOR AGENCY<br />
USE ONLY<br />
3. WATER<br />
A. Surface<br />
1) Is there any surface water body on or in the immediate vicinity<br />
<strong>of</strong> the site (including year-round and seasonal streams,<br />
saltwater, lakes, ponds, wetlands)? If yes, describe type,<br />
location and provide names. If appropriate, state what stream<br />
or river it flows into. Provide a sketch if not shown on site<br />
plans.<br />
The project is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong><br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation in the projectspecific<br />
SEPA document. Generally, the Snoqualmie River<br />
and Lake Rasmussen are the major surface waters in the<br />
planning area. Coe-Cemmons Creek is tributary to the<br />
Snoqualmie River. Wetlands are interspersed throughout the<br />
service area and are discussed and shown in the King County<br />
Critical Areas Folio.<br />
2) Will the project require any work over, in, or adjacent to<br />
(within 200 feet) the described waters? If yes, please describe<br />
and attach available plans. Note approximate distance between<br />
surface <strong>of</strong> waters and any construction, fill, etc.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. Generally,<br />
the intent <strong>of</strong> the plan and subsequent design is to avoid work<br />
over, in, or adjacent to surface waters when possible and to<br />
otherwise minimize such work.<br />
Page 6 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
3) Estimate the amount <strong>of</strong> fill and dredge material that would be<br />
placed in or removed from surface water or wetlands and<br />
indicate the area <strong>of</strong> the site that would be affected. Indicate the<br />
source <strong>of</strong> fill material, if from on site.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. Again, to the<br />
extent possible, the filling or dredging <strong>of</strong> surface waters or<br />
wetlands will be avoided or minimized.<br />
EVALUATION<br />
FOR AGENCY<br />
USE ONLY<br />
4) Will the proposal require surface water withdrawals or<br />
diversions. Give general description, purpose, and<br />
approximate quantities if known.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Additional information will be<br />
provided in the project-specific SEPA document.<br />
5) Does the proposal lie within a 100-year floodplain? If so, note<br />
the location on the site plan.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Additional information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. Some future<br />
improvements may lie within the 100-year flood plain as<br />
shown on FEMA Flood Insurance Map for the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
(not provided).<br />
6) Does the proposal involve any discharge <strong>of</strong> waste material to<br />
surface waters? If so, describe the type <strong>of</strong> waste and<br />
anticipated volume <strong>of</strong> discharge.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Implementation <strong>of</strong> the plan may<br />
ultimately result in an increase in discharge <strong>of</strong> treated<br />
effluent from the treatment plant to the Snoqualmie River.<br />
The effluent will be treated to Washington State Department<br />
<strong>of</strong> Ecology standards prior to the discharge. Additional<br />
information will be provided in the project-specific SEPA<br />
document.<br />
B. Ground<br />
1) Will ground water be withdrawn, or will water be discharged to<br />
ground water? Give general description, purpose, and<br />
approximate quantities if known.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
Page 7 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. Any projects<br />
constructed as a result <strong>of</strong> this facility plan should remove<br />
existing septic systems and or water wells, thereby<br />
eliminating the discharge <strong>of</strong> wastewater to the local ground<br />
water.<br />
EVALUATION<br />
FOR AGENCY<br />
USE ONLY<br />
2) Describe waste material that will be discharged into the ground<br />
from septic tanks or other sources, if any (for example:<br />
Domestic sewage; industrial, containing the following<br />
chemicals; agricultural; etc.) Describe the general size <strong>of</strong> the<br />
system, the number <strong>of</strong> such systems the number <strong>of</strong> houses to be<br />
served (if applicable), or the number <strong>of</strong> animals or humans the<br />
system(s) are expected to serve.<br />
None. The <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> proposes service to areas<br />
currently have no service or are served by on-site septic<br />
systems.<br />
C. <strong>Water</strong> Run<strong>of</strong>f (including storm water).<br />
1) Describe the source <strong>of</strong> run<strong>of</strong>f (including storm water) and<br />
method <strong>of</strong> collection and disposal, if any (include quantities, if<br />
known). Where will this water flow? Will this water flow into<br />
other waters? If so, describe.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. During the construction <strong>of</strong> some<br />
<strong>of</strong> the proposed improvements, stormwater run-<strong>of</strong>f from<br />
disturbed areas could contain turbidity in excess <strong>of</strong> water<br />
quality standards. Construction zones will be required to use<br />
BMPs to convey the stormwater through temporary erosion<br />
control and treatment devices prior to release to existing<br />
roadside ditches or the <strong>City</strong>’s stormwater collection system.<br />
These features will be included in construction drawings and<br />
described in the project-specific SEPA document.<br />
2) Could waste materials enter ground or surface waters? If so,<br />
describe.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Additional information will be<br />
provided in the project-specific SEPA document.<br />
D. Proposed measures to reduce or control surface, ground, and drain<br />
<strong>of</strong>f water impacts, if any:<br />
None proposed at this time. The proposal is a non-project action,<br />
the adoption <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. A number <strong>of</strong> local,<br />
Page 8 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
state, and federal regulations will guide the development <strong>of</strong><br />
measures to reduce or control the project-specific impacts to<br />
water quality and quantity. These measures will be included in<br />
the project-specific SEPA documents.<br />
EVALUATION<br />
FOR AGENCY<br />
USE ONLY<br />
4. PLANTS<br />
A. Check or circle types <strong>of</strong> vegetation found on the site:<br />
X deciduous tree: alder, maple, aspen, other<br />
X evergreen tree: fir, cedar, pine, other<br />
X shrubs<br />
X grass<br />
X pasture<br />
crop or grain<br />
X wet soils plants: cattail, butter cup, bulrush, skunk cabbage, other`<br />
X water plants: water lily, eelgrass, milfoil, other<br />
X other types <strong>of</strong> vegetation<br />
B. What kind and amount <strong>of</strong> vegetation will be removed or altered?<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. Many <strong>of</strong> the<br />
proposed improvements will not involve the removal or<br />
alternation <strong>of</strong> vegetation. For example, mainline upgrades will<br />
be contained primarily within the existing right-<strong>of</strong>-ways.<br />
C. List threatened or endangered species known to be on or near the<br />
site.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation.<br />
D. Proposed landscaping, use <strong>of</strong> native plants or other measures to<br />
preserve or enhance vegetation on the site, if any:<br />
None proposed at this time. The proposal is a non-project action,<br />
the adoption <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Such measures will<br />
be considered as part <strong>of</strong> project-specific design development and<br />
SEPA review.<br />
5. ANIMALS<br />
A. Circle any birds and animals which have been observed on or near<br />
the site or are known to be on or near the site:<br />
Page 9 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
Birds: hawk heron eagle songbirds<br />
other:<br />
Mammals: deer bear elk beaver<br />
rodents coyotes other:<br />
EVALUATION<br />
FOR AGENCY<br />
USE ONLY<br />
B. List any threatened or endangered species known to be on or near<br />
the site.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. There are,<br />
however, threatened or endangered species known to be in or<br />
near <strong>Duvall</strong>. Chinook salmon and bull trout in the Snoqualmie<br />
River are listed as endangered species. The eagle and heron are<br />
listed as endangered species and are occasionally found within<br />
the confines <strong>of</strong> the UGA boundary.<br />
C. Is the site part <strong>of</strong> a migration route? If so, explain.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. The Snoqualmie River is part <strong>of</strong> the<br />
migration routes for Pacific Northwest Salmon species.<br />
Migratory waterfowl may use surface waters. Deer pass through<br />
and inhabit the UGA area.<br />
D. Proposed measures to preserve or enhance wildlife, if any.<br />
None proposed at this time. The proposal is a non-project action,<br />
the adoption <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Such measures will<br />
be considered as part <strong>of</strong> project-specific design development and<br />
SEPA review.<br />
6. ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES<br />
A. What kinds <strong>of</strong> energy (electric, natural gas, oil, wood, stove, solar)<br />
will be used to meet the completed project’s energy needs?<br />
Describe whether it will be used for heating, manufacturing, etc.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Implementation <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Plan</strong> will<br />
require potential electricity for equipment, pump stations and<br />
lighting for many individual proposed projects.<br />
B. Would your project affect the potential use <strong>of</strong> solar energy by<br />
adjacent properties? If so, generally describe.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Additional information will be<br />
provided in the project-specific SEPA document.<br />
Page 10 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
C. What kinds <strong>of</strong> energy conservation features are included in the<br />
plans on this proposal? List other proposed measures to reduce or<br />
control energy impacts, if any.<br />
None proposed at this time. The proposal is a non-project action,<br />
the adoption <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Additional<br />
information will be provided in the project-specific SEPA<br />
document. During implementation <strong>of</strong> the plan, motor efficiencies<br />
and horsepower requirements will be taken into consideration<br />
when choosing mechanical equipment for pump stations and other<br />
equipment. All specifications will contain requirements to meet<br />
the State <strong>of</strong> Washington energy code.<br />
EVALUATION<br />
FOR AGENCY<br />
USE ONLY<br />
7. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH<br />
A. Are there any environmental health hazards, including exposure to<br />
toxic chemicals, risk or fire and explosion, spill, or hazardous<br />
waste, that could occur as a result <strong>of</strong> this proposal? If so,<br />
describe.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Additional information will be<br />
provided in the project-specific SEPA document.<br />
1) Describe special emergency services that might be required.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Additional information will be<br />
provided in the project-specific SEPA document.<br />
2) Proposed measures to reduce or control environmental health<br />
hazards, if any.<br />
None proposed at this time. The proposal is a non-project<br />
action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>.<br />
Measures to reduce or control hazards will be considered<br />
during project implementation and project-specific SEPA<br />
review.<br />
B. Noise<br />
1) What type <strong>of</strong> noise exists in the area which may affect your<br />
project (i.e. traffic, equipment, operation, other)?<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Additional information will be<br />
provided in the project-specific SEPA document.<br />
Page 11 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
2) What types and levels <strong>of</strong> noise would be created by or<br />
associated with the project on a short-term or a long-term basis<br />
(for example: traffic, construction, operation, other)? Indicate<br />
what hours noise would come from the site.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided in the project-specific SEPA document. Short-term<br />
noise increases may occur during construction <strong>of</strong> facilities<br />
proposed under the comprehensive plan. No long-term noise<br />
changes are anticipated.<br />
EVALUATION<br />
FOR AGENCY<br />
USE ONLY<br />
3) Proposed measures to reduce or control noise impacts, if any.<br />
None proposed at this time. The proposal is a non-project<br />
action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>.<br />
Measures will be considered during project implementation<br />
and project-specific SEPA review. Construction equipment<br />
must meet State <strong>of</strong> Washington standards for noise protection.<br />
Noise producing equipment will be chosen on a projectspecific<br />
basis. Construction hours will likely be limited as a<br />
condition <strong>of</strong> local permits.<br />
8. LAND AND SHORELINE USE<br />
A. What is the current use <strong>of</strong> the site and adjacent properties?<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> that encompasses the entire <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Urban Growth Area. Uses in <strong>Duvall</strong> include vacant lots,<br />
residential, commercial, and industrial lots. Site-specific<br />
information will be provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation<br />
in the project-specific SEPA document.<br />
B. Has the site been used for agriculture? If so, describe.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. Historically, the<br />
<strong>City</strong> was a timber-based community. Currently the <strong>City</strong> acts as a<br />
bedroom community for the Seattle-Bellevue area.<br />
C. Describe any structures on the site.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. Various<br />
residential, commercial, and industrial buildings exist in the<br />
service area.<br />
Page 12 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
D. Will any structures be demolished? If so, what?<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. However, no<br />
demolition is anticipated.<br />
EVALUATION<br />
FOR AGENCY<br />
USE ONLY<br />
E. What is the current zoning classification <strong>of</strong> the site?<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. Zoning is<br />
designated on the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> Zoning Map adopted by<br />
Ordinance 814, as amended in the <strong>City</strong>’s <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>.<br />
Zoning categories include: low, medium and high-density<br />
residential, commercial, employment, and public use.<br />
F. What is the current comprehensive plan designation <strong>of</strong> the site?<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation.<br />
G. If applicable, what is the current shoreline master program<br />
designation <strong>of</strong> the site?<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. The applicability<br />
<strong>of</strong> the shoreline master program requirements to the provisions <strong>of</strong><br />
the <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> will be assessed on a projectspecific<br />
basis.<br />
H. Has any part <strong>of</strong> the site been classified as an “environmentally<br />
sensitive area? If so, specify. (If unsure, check with the <strong>City</strong>.)<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. Wetlands are<br />
interspersed throughout the service area and are discussed and<br />
shown in the King County Critical Areas Folio. Impacts to<br />
wetlands and other environmentally sensitive areas will be<br />
assessed on a project-specific basis.<br />
I. Approximately how many people would reside or work in the<br />
completed project?<br />
Page 13 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Additional information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation.<br />
EVALUATION<br />
FOR AGENCY<br />
USE ONLY<br />
J. Approximately how many people would the completed project<br />
displace?<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Additional information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. However, no<br />
displacements are expected.<br />
K. Proposed measures to avoid or reduce displacement impacts, if<br />
any:<br />
None proposed at this time. The proposal is a non-project action,<br />
the adoption <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Measures to avoid<br />
or reduce displacements, if applicable, will be considered during<br />
project implementation and project-specific SEPA review.<br />
L. Proposed measures to ensure the proposal is compatible with<br />
existing and projected land use and plans, if any.<br />
The <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> sets out potential improvements<br />
to the city’s water distribution system that will allow service to<br />
the entire <strong>Water</strong> Service Boundary, including the Urban Growth<br />
Area Reserve.<br />
Work within sensitive areas or their buffers will be regulated by<br />
the <strong>City</strong>’s sensitive area ordinance. Work within a shoreline<br />
environment will be regulated by the <strong>City</strong>’s Shoreline Master<br />
Program.<br />
9. HOUSING<br />
A. Approximately how many units would be provided, if any?<br />
Indicate whether high, middle, or low income housing.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Indirectly, the plan would allow for<br />
development <strong>of</strong> previously undeveloped land. The impacts <strong>of</strong><br />
development are considered at <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> adoption and<br />
at the time <strong>of</strong> project-specific proposals.<br />
B. Approximately how many units, if any, would be eliminated?<br />
Indicate whether high, middle, or low income housing.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Additional information will be<br />
Page 14 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. However, no<br />
elimination <strong>of</strong> housing units is expected.<br />
EVALUATION<br />
FOR AGENCY<br />
USE ONLY<br />
C. Proposed measures to reduce or control housing impacts, if any.<br />
None proposed at this time. The proposal is a non-project action,<br />
the adoption <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Measures to<br />
reduce or control housing impacts will be considered during<br />
project implementation and project-specific SEPA review.<br />
10. AESTHETICS<br />
A. What is the tallest height <strong>of</strong> any proposed structure(s), not<br />
including antennas; what is the principal exterior building<br />
material(s) proposed?<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Additional information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation.<br />
B. What views in the immediate vicinity would be altered or<br />
obstructed?<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Additional information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation.<br />
C. Proposed measures to reduce or control aesthetic impacts, if any.<br />
None proposed at this time. The proposal is a non-project action,<br />
the adoption <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Measures to<br />
reduce or control aesthetic impacts will be considered during<br />
project implementation and project-specific SEPA review.<br />
11. LIGHT AND GLARE<br />
A. What type <strong>of</strong> light or glare will the proposal produce? What time<br />
<strong>of</strong> day or night would it mainly occur?<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Additional information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation.<br />
B. Could light or glare from the finished project be a safety hazard or<br />
interfere with views?<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Additional information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation.<br />
Page 15 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
C. What existing <strong>of</strong>f-site sources <strong>of</strong> light or glare may affect your<br />
proposal?<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Additional information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation.<br />
EVALUATION<br />
FOR AGENCY<br />
USE ONLY<br />
D. Proposed measures to reduce or control light and glare impacts, if<br />
any.<br />
None proposed at this time. The proposal is a non-project action,<br />
the adoption <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Measures to<br />
reduce or control light and glare impacts will be considered<br />
during project implementation and project-specific SEPA review.<br />
12. RECREATION<br />
A. What designated and information recreational opportunities are in<br />
the immediate vicinity?<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> has a number <strong>of</strong> parks; McCormick Park, Taylor’s<br />
Landing, Taylor Park, and Big Rock Park.<br />
B. Would the proposed project displace any existing recreational<br />
uses? If so, describe?<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation.<br />
C. Proposed measures to reduce or control impacts on recreation<br />
including recreation opportunities to be provided by the project or<br />
applicant, if any.<br />
None proposed at this time. The proposal is a non-project action,<br />
the adoption <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Measures to<br />
reduce or control recreational impacts will be considered during<br />
project implementation and project-specific SEPA review.<br />
13. HISTORIC AND CULTURAL PRESERVATION<br />
A. Are there any places or objects listed on, or proposed for national,<br />
state or local preservation registers known to be on or next to the<br />
site? If so, generally describe.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
Page 16 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. There are several<br />
historic homes and sites within the service area. Pioneer<br />
Cemetery and Dougherty Farm are local preservation areas.<br />
EVALUATION<br />
FOR AGENCY<br />
USE ONLY<br />
B. Generally describe any landmarks or evidence <strong>of</strong> historic,<br />
archaeological, scientific, or cultural importance known to be on<br />
or next to the site.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. There are several<br />
historic homes and sites within the service area. Pioneer<br />
Cemetery and the Dougherty Farm are local preservation sites.<br />
Big Rock Park is a local landmark near project sites.<br />
C. Proposed measures to reduce or control impacts, if any.<br />
None proposed at this time. The proposal is a non-project action,<br />
the adoption <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Measures to avoid,<br />
reduce, or control impacts will be considered during projectspecific<br />
design development. In the event any archeological<br />
evidence is uncovered during any proposed construction, work<br />
will immediately halt and the appropriate agency or tribe will be<br />
contacted. Fisheries impacts will be mitigated, where<br />
appropriate for stream crossings.<br />
14. TRANSPORTATION<br />
A. Identify public streets and highways serving the site and describe<br />
proposed access to the existing street system. Show on site plans,<br />
if any.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation in the projectspecific<br />
SEPA document. Primary access to the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> is<br />
by SR 203. SR 203 runs north-south through the <strong>City</strong> along the<br />
eastern edge. Collector arterials include NE 152 nd /Bruett Road,<br />
150 th Street, 275 th Avenue and Big Rock Road. The collector<br />
arterials generally run east-west and connect to SR 203.<br />
B. Is site currently served by public transit? If not, what is the<br />
approximate distance to the nearest transit stop?<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation. The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> is served by METRO Transit.<br />
Page 17 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
C. How many parking spaces would the completed project have?<br />
How many would the project eliminate?<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation<br />
EVALUATION<br />
FOR AGENCY<br />
USE ONLY<br />
D. Will the proposal require any new roads or streets or<br />
improvements to existing roads or streets, not including<br />
driveways? If so, generally describe (indicate whether public or<br />
private).<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Some water line replacements and<br />
new water line construction are likely to be included in future<br />
road improvements. Impacts will be reviewed at the time <strong>of</strong><br />
specific project proposal.<br />
E. Will the project use (or occur in the immediate vicinity <strong>of</strong>) water,<br />
rail, or air transportation? If so, generally describe.<br />
N/A. The proposal is a non-project action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Site-specific information will be<br />
provided at the time <strong>of</strong> project implementation.<br />
F. How many weekday vehicular trips (one way) per day would be<br />
generated by the completed project? 0 If known, indicate when<br />
peak volumes would occur. am & 0 pm How many <strong>of</strong> these trips<br />
occur in the a.m. peak hours? 0 How many <strong>of</strong> these trips occur in<br />
the p.m. peak hours? 0<br />
G. Proposed measures to reduce or control transportation impacts, if<br />
any.<br />
None are proposed at this time. The proposal is a non-project<br />
action, the adoption <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Measures<br />
to reduce or control transportation impacts will be considered<br />
during project implementation and project-specific SEPA review.<br />
Projects that implement the <strong>Plan</strong> could result in temporary delays<br />
impacting local traffic during construction projects. The <strong>City</strong>‘s<br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> outlines the <strong>City</strong>’s effort to maintain a Level<br />
<strong>of</strong> Service (LOS) throughout the service area. Any projects<br />
constructed within the service area will be designed to meet the<br />
<strong>City</strong>’s LOS requirements and will require additional<br />
environmental review.<br />
15. PUBLIC SERVICES<br />
Page 18 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
Date Submitted: 5/27/04<br />
EVALUATION<br />
FOR AGENCY<br />
USE ONLY<br />
Relationship to signer to project:<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Distribution Manager<br />
18. SUPPLEMENTAL SHEET FOR NON-PROJECT ACTIONS<br />
(DO NOT USE THIS SHEET FOR PROJECT ACTIONS)<br />
Because these questions are very general, it may be helpful to read them<br />
in conjunction with the list <strong>of</strong> the elements <strong>of</strong> the environment.<br />
When answering these questions, be aware <strong>of</strong> the extent the proposal or<br />
the types <strong>of</strong> activities likely to result from the proposal, would affect the<br />
item at a greater intensity or at a faster rate than if the proposal were not<br />
implemented. Respond briefly and in general terms.<br />
a. How would the proposal be likely to increase discharge to water;<br />
emissions to air; production, storage, or release <strong>of</strong> toxic or hazardous<br />
substances; or production <strong>of</strong> noise:<br />
Implementation <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> would result in<br />
no increases in water discharge. Construction activities for various<br />
projects proposed under the <strong>Plan</strong> would result in construction<br />
related air emissions (e.g., dust and construction vehicle and<br />
equipment exhaust) and noise. Project specific environmental<br />
review will consider the impacts <strong>of</strong> specific capital improvements.<br />
Proposed measures to avoid or reduce such increases are:<br />
The potential impacts <strong>of</strong> growth on water discharges, noise, air<br />
discharges and toxic/hazardous substances will be considered at<br />
the time <strong>of</strong> construction.<br />
b. How would the proposal be likely to affect plants, animals, fish, or<br />
marine life?<br />
The <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> will allow for improved levels <strong>of</strong><br />
water service. The resulting system improvements will protect<br />
residences and businesses, improve storage capabilities and improve<br />
overall water quality throughout the distribution system.<br />
Construction projects associated with the distribution system will be<br />
primarily within existing rights-<strong>of</strong>-way and roads. Work within<br />
waters may not be necessary and will be avoided to the extent<br />
possible. Such impacts will be considered on a project-specific<br />
basis.<br />
Proposed measures to protect or conserve plants, animals, fish, or<br />
marine life are:<br />
Page 20 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
The potential impacts <strong>of</strong> growth on plants, animals, fish, and marine<br />
life will be considered at the time <strong>of</strong> a project specific SEPA.<br />
EVALUATION<br />
FOR AGENCY<br />
USE ONLY<br />
c. How would the proposal be likely to deplete energy or natural<br />
resources?<br />
The operation <strong>of</strong> pump stations and storage facilities will require<br />
energy. Energy efficient equipment will be considered for cost<br />
impacts on operation as well as energy conservation.<br />
d. Proposed measures to protect or conserve energy and natural<br />
resources are:<br />
The potential impacts <strong>of</strong> the growth on energy and natural resources<br />
will be considered at the time <strong>of</strong> a project specific SEPA<br />
e. How would the proposal be likely to use or affect environmentally<br />
sensitive areas or areas designated (or eligible or under study) for<br />
governmental protection; such as parks, wilderness, wild and scenic<br />
rivers, threatened or endangered species habitat, historic or cultural<br />
sites, wetlands, floodplains, or prime farmlands:<br />
The planning area includes environmentally sensitive areas (e.g.,<br />
wetlands) and areas designated for governmental protection (e.g.,<br />
parks). During detailed design-development, alternatives to avoid<br />
impacts to these areas will be considered. An assessment <strong>of</strong> any<br />
impacts will be included in the project-specific SEPA document.<br />
Proposed measures to protect such resources or to avoid or reduce<br />
impacts are:<br />
The potential impacts <strong>of</strong> growth on sensitive areas will be<br />
considered at the time <strong>of</strong> a project specific SEPA.<br />
f. How would the proposal be likely to affect land and shoreline use,<br />
including whether it would allow or encourage land or shoreline uses<br />
incompatible with existing plans?<br />
The proposal is consistent with the <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> in<br />
that it includes the entire Urban Growth Area as part <strong>of</strong> its study<br />
area. The Urban Growth Area encompasses the existing city limits,<br />
the Urban Growth Area, and Urban Growth Area Reserve for the<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>. The <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> addresses the<br />
provision <strong>of</strong> water distribution and service to all areas within the<br />
service area. While the implementation <strong>of</strong> the plan will facilitate<br />
development, the development is part <strong>of</strong> the “planned and<br />
controlled” growth for the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>, addressed by the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>.<br />
Page 21 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
Proposed measures to avoid or reduce shoreline and land use impacts<br />
are:<br />
The potential impacts <strong>of</strong> growth on shorelines and land will be<br />
considered at the time <strong>of</strong> a project specific SEPA.<br />
EVALUATION<br />
FOR AGENCY<br />
USE ONLY<br />
g. How would the proposal be likely to increase on transportation or<br />
public services and utilities?<br />
The implementation <strong>of</strong> the proposed improvements will not directly<br />
result in an increase on demands in transportation and public<br />
services. The plan accommodates an increase in demand on the<br />
water distribution system.<br />
Proposed measures to reduce or respond to such demand(s) are:<br />
The potential impacts <strong>of</strong> growth on transportation and utilities will<br />
be considered at the time the <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> is<br />
amended.<br />
h. Identify, if possible, whether the proposal may conflict with local,<br />
state, or federal laws or requirements for the protection <strong>of</strong> the<br />
environment.<br />
The <strong>Plan</strong> presents no such conflicts and is required under the<br />
Revised Code <strong>of</strong> Washington (RCW) 90.48.110 and is a means <strong>of</strong><br />
protecting the environment.<br />
Page 22 <strong>of</strong> 22 May 17, 2004
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Supply Station Facilities Data<br />
Supply Facility Data<br />
Suction Discharge Above or Maximum Flow Have Have Have<br />
Pressure Pressure Year Below Capacity Meter Standby Pressure Surge<br />
Name Zone Zone Const. Grade (gpm) Size Power Relief Protection<br />
Tolt 2 Supply Station (Sta 111) SPU 450 1963 Below 1,200 12 No No No<br />
Tolt 1 Supply Station (Sta 112) SPU 615 1984 Below 1,760 12 No No No<br />
Control Valve Data<br />
Control Control Valve<br />
Valve<br />
Valve Valve Valve Elv Set Point<br />
Name Description Size Model Mfgr (feet) (psi) (feet H.E.)<br />
Tolt 2 Supply Station (Sta 111) Mainline 10 131G-12BCSYKX Cla-Val 269 75 442<br />
Tolt 2 Supply Station (Sta 111) Bypass 4 131G-12BCSYKX Cla-Val 269 80 454<br />
Tolt 1 Supply Station (Sta 112) Mainline 8 131G-12BCSYKX Cla-Val 467 65 617<br />
Tolt 1 Supply Station (Sta 112) Bypass 4 131G-12BCSYKX Cla-Val 467 70 629<br />
Control Data<br />
Supplied Supply Station<br />
Control Pressure To Zone Operation Have<br />
Name Component Zone Priority Priority Telemetry<br />
Tolt 2 Supply Station (Sta 111) Flow Rate Controlled 450 Yes<br />
Tolt 1 Supply Station (Sta 112) Flow Rate Controlled 615 Yes<br />
Other Data<br />
Ground Control Valve SPU Min. Normal Pressure<br />
Elv Elv Con. Head Inlet Outlet<br />
Name (feet) (feet) (feet) 1 (psi) (psi)<br />
Tolt 2 Supply Station (Sta 111) 274 269 630 220 80/75<br />
Tolt 1 Supply Station (Sta 112) 472 467 635 100 70/65<br />
1 Minimum head elevations based on <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> Seattle datum rounded to nearest 5 feet. Revised 12/13/96, effective 12/13/00 due to Tolt Filtration <strong>Plan</strong>t improvements.<br />
To convert between <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> Seattle and NAVD88 Datums, use: ("<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> Seattle Datum" + 9.7 ft. = NAVD88)<br />
J:\DATA\DUV\102-081\01\Ex<strong>System</strong>-Analyses\FacilitiesDataSheets.xls [SupplyStations] 5/11/2004
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Pump Station Facilities Data<br />
Pump Station Data<br />
Suction Discharge Above or Maximum Meter Have Have Have<br />
Pressure Pressure Year Below Capacity Size & Standby E.G. Set Surge<br />
Name Zone Zone Const. Grade (gpm) Model Power Receptacle Protection<br />
615 Zone BPS 450 615 1996 Above 2,000 12" Yes Yes 6" SAV<br />
Pump Data<br />
Current Design Design Motor Control<br />
Pump Pump Pump Pump Pump Rate Capacity Head Motor Size Valve Size<br />
Name Manufacturer Model Type (gpm) (gpm) (feet) Mfgr (HP) & Model<br />
Booster Pump #1 Floway 8 JOH VT 6 stage 350 154 GE 30 Check only<br />
Booster Pump #2 Peerless 2624332/MC VT 4 stage 1000 165 GE 60 Check only<br />
Booster Pump #3 Goulds DWI 12RJLC VT 3 stage 1000 158 US Electric 60 Check only<br />
Notes:<br />
All pumps have VFD's<br />
Pump Curve Data<br />
Point 1 Point 2 Point 3<br />
Pump<br />
Pump Flow Head Flow Head Flow Head Pump Impeller<br />
Name (gpm) (feet) (gpm) (feet) (gpm) (feet) Serial Number Diameter<br />
Booster Pump #1 21245-1-1<br />
Booster Pump #2<br />
Booster Pump #3<br />
FR426919<br />
Pump Control Data<br />
Supplied Supply Pump Station<br />
Pump Control Pressure To Zone Operation Have<br />
Name Facility Zone Priority Priority Telemetry<br />
Booster Pump #1 615 Zone pressure 615 Secondary, Tolt 1st Primary Yes<br />
Booster Pump #2 615 Zone pressure 615 Secondary, Tolt 1st 1st Lag Yes<br />
Booster Pump #3 615 Zone pressure 615 Secondary, Tolt 1st 2nd Lag Yes<br />
J:\DATA\DUV\102-081\01\Ex<strong>System</strong>-Analyses\FacilitiesDataSheets.xls [Pump Stations] 5/11/2004
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Storage Facilities Data<br />
Reservoir Data<br />
Overall <strong>Water</strong> Overflow Ground Seismic<br />
Reservoir Pressure Year Capacity Height Diameter Base Elv Elv Elv Restraint<br />
Name Zone Const. Material (gallons) (feet) (feet) (feet) (feet) (feet) (Y or N)<br />
Crestview Estates 555 1988 Steel 500,000 63.2 38 496.0 556.0 496 Y<br />
Big Rock Road 450 1996 Steel 2,200,000 27.3 138 430.0 450.5 430 N<br />
Piping Data<br />
Outlet Inlet Elevated Altitude Valve Overflow Drain Meter<br />
Reservoir Size Size Inlet Elv. Size Setting Size Size Size<br />
Name (in) (in) (feet) (in) (feet) (in) (in) (in) Notes<br />
Crestview Estates 12 8 to 6 545 4 6 12/6 n/a 1<br />
Big Rock Road 12 inlet/outlet combo n/a 6 8 12 n/a 2<br />
1. Altitude control valve with backpressure sustaining and 8" insertion flow meter on inlet piping<br />
2. Altitude control valve (Cla-Val 210-03-ADS) with solenoid control from 615 Zone<br />
Storage Data<br />
Max <strong>Water</strong> Volume<br />
Reservoir Height Per Foot<br />
Name (feet) (gallons)<br />
Crestview Estates 60.0 8,484<br />
Big Rock Road 20.5 111,887<br />
Level Control Data<br />
Reservoir Normal<br />
Reservoir Controlled Have Operating Range<br />
Name Supply Facility Telemetry (feet)<br />
Crestview Estates 615 Zone Pump Station Yes 544 - 555<br />
Big Rock Road Tolt 2 Supply Station Yes 440 - 450<br />
J:\DATA\DUV\102-081\01\Ex<strong>System</strong>-Analyses\FacilitiesDataSheets.xls [Reservoirs] 5/11/2004
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Pressure Reducing Station Data<br />
Station Data<br />
Upper Lower Ground Normal Pressure Station<br />
PRV Pressure Pressure Year Elv Inlet Outlet Operation<br />
Name Zone Zone Const. (feet) (psi) (psi) Status<br />
Kennedy Drive 450 330 213 99 54 Active<br />
26500 145th 450 330 168 118 73 Active<br />
Park Street 450 330 200 104 60 Active<br />
3rd & Virginia 450 330 222 95 50 Active<br />
3rd & Stewart 450 330 220 96 51 Active<br />
3rd & Cherry 450 330 220 96 51 Active<br />
3rd & Stella 450 330 220 96 51 Active<br />
143rd & 268th 450 330 235 89 44 Active<br />
NE Big Rock Road 450 330 173 116 71 Active<br />
Stephens St & Broadway 450 330 188 110 65 Active<br />
272nd & 143rd 555 450 300 106 63 Active<br />
Sunset Heights 144th 555 450 292 109 67 Active<br />
Millers Home Stead 555 450 317 98 56 Active<br />
Bruett Road 555 450 320 97 55 Active<br />
Kasper Heights 555 485 360 80 56 Active<br />
275th & 141st 555 485 336 90 66 Active<br />
150th & 278th 615 555 436 77 49 Active<br />
Manion & 156th 615 555 434 78 50 Active<br />
282nd & 140th 615 555 406 90 62 Active<br />
PRV Set Point Data<br />
Valve<br />
Valve Valve<br />
PRV Size Valve Valve Elv Set Point<br />
Name Description (inches) Mfgr Model (feet) (psi) (feet H.E.)<br />
Kennedy Drive<br />
26500 145th<br />
Park Street<br />
3rd & Virginia<br />
3rd & Stewart<br />
3rd & Cherry<br />
3rd & Stella<br />
143rd & 268th<br />
NE Big Rock Road<br />
Small PRV 3 Cla-Val 0G-01A W/X47 195 48 306<br />
Large PRV -- -- -- -- -- --<br />
Small PRV<br />
Small PRV<br />
Small PRV<br />
Small PRV<br />
Small PRV<br />
Small PRV<br />
Small PRV<br />
Small PRV<br />
2<br />
2<br />
3<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2<br />
1-1/4<br />
4<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
90G-01AS<br />
90G-01AS<br />
90G-01AS<br />
90G01AJ<br />
90G-01AS<br />
90G-01AS<br />
90G-01AS<br />
90G-01YBC<br />
208<br />
163<br />
217<br />
215<br />
215<br />
215<br />
230<br />
168<br />
50<br />
66<br />
50<br />
50<br />
50<br />
50<br />
35<br />
65<br />
324<br />
315<br />
333<br />
331<br />
331<br />
331<br />
311<br />
318<br />
Large PRV<br />
Large PRV<br />
Large PRV<br />
Large PRV<br />
Large PRV<br />
Large PRV<br />
Large PRV<br />
Large PRV<br />
6<br />
6<br />
6<br />
--<br />
--<br />
--<br />
4<br />
10<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
--<br />
--<br />
--<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
90G-01AB<br />
90G-01AB<br />
90G-01AB<br />
--<br />
--<br />
--<br />
90G-01AB<br />
90G-01YBC<br />
208<br />
163<br />
217<br />
--<br />
--<br />
--<br />
230<br />
168<br />
45<br />
61<br />
45<br />
--<br />
--<br />
--<br />
30<br />
60<br />
312<br />
304<br />
321<br />
--<br />
--<br />
--<br />
299<br />
307<br />
Small PRV 3 Cla-Val 90G-01AS 183 55 310<br />
Stephens St & Broadway<br />
Large PRV 8 Cla-Val 90G-01AB 183 50 299<br />
272nd & 143rd<br />
Sunset Heights 144th<br />
Millers Home Stead<br />
Bruett Road<br />
Kasper Heights<br />
275th & 141st<br />
150th & 278th<br />
Manion & 156th<br />
282nd & 140th<br />
Small PRV<br />
Small PRV<br />
Small PRV<br />
Small PRV<br />
Small PRV<br />
Small PRV<br />
Small PRV<br />
Small PRV<br />
Small PRV<br />
3<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2-1/2<br />
3<br />
2<br />
2-1/2<br />
2<br />
3<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
90G-01AS<br />
90G-01AS<br />
90G-01YS<br />
90G-01YCS<br />
90G-01YS<br />
90G-01AS<br />
90G-01CSY<br />
90G-01YCS<br />
90G-01ABCS<br />
295<br />
287<br />
312<br />
315<br />
355<br />
331<br />
431<br />
429<br />
401<br />
45<br />
55<br />
48<br />
43<br />
56<br />
62<br />
28<br />
30<br />
42<br />
399<br />
414<br />
423<br />
414<br />
484<br />
474<br />
496<br />
498<br />
498<br />
Large PRV<br />
Large PRV<br />
Large PRV<br />
Large PRV<br />
Large PRV<br />
Large PRV<br />
Large PRV<br />
Large PRV<br />
Large PRV<br />
6<br />
6<br />
6<br />
8<br />
8<br />
6<br />
8<br />
6<br />
8<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
Cla-Val<br />
90G-01AB<br />
90G-01AB<br />
90G-01YBS<br />
90G-01YBC<br />
90G-01YBC<br />
90G-01ABC<br />
90G-01BCY<br />
90G-01BCY<br />
90G-01ABCS<br />
295<br />
287<br />
312<br />
315<br />
355<br />
331<br />
431<br />
429<br />
401<br />
40<br />
50<br />
43<br />
38<br />
46<br />
52<br />
25<br />
27<br />
39<br />
387<br />
403<br />
411<br />
403<br />
461<br />
451<br />
489<br />
491<br />
491<br />
J:\DATA\DUV\102-081\01\Ex<strong>System</strong>-Analyses\FacilitiesDataSheets.xls [PRV's] 11/15/2004
CITY OF DUVALL<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Conservation <strong>Plan</strong><br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> recognizes that water is a valuable and essential natural resource that needs<br />
to be used wisely. This <strong>Water</strong> Conservation <strong>Plan</strong> provides an approach to increase water use<br />
efficiency within the <strong>City</strong>’s water service area.<br />
BACKGROUND<br />
State Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>ning Requirements<br />
The Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>ning Requirements published by the State Department <strong>of</strong> Ecology<br />
(Ecology) and State Department <strong>of</strong> Health (DOH) in March 1994, identifies the water use<br />
reporting, forecasting and conservation program requirements for public water systems. A water<br />
conservation plan meeting these requirements is a necessary element <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> as<br />
required by DOH and is necessary to obtain water right permits from Ecology. The Conservation<br />
<strong>Plan</strong>ning Requirements defines the necessary components <strong>of</strong> a water conservation plan as (1)<br />
water use data collection, (2) water demand forecasting, and (3) water conservation program.<br />
The Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>ning Requirements requires the water conservation program to identify its<br />
goals and objectives, evaluate alternative conservation measures, and identify the selected<br />
measures including their schedule, cost, monitoring requirements, and estimated water savings.<br />
Additional requirements that conservation planning programs must now meet are outlined in the<br />
2003 Municipal <strong>Water</strong> Law, which became effective on September 9, 2003. The conservation<br />
planning portion <strong>of</strong> the law focuses on increasing water use efficiency through evaluating the<br />
cost effectiveness <strong>of</strong> conservation measures and through exploring opportunities for water<br />
reclamation.<br />
Regional <strong>Water</strong> Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>ning<br />
There are two primary groups promoting water conservation on a regional basis in King County.<br />
The Saving <strong>Water</strong> Partnership is comprised <strong>of</strong> a group <strong>of</strong> local utilities that receive their water from<br />
the Cedar and Tolt River watersheds. The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>, as well as its primary water supplier,<br />
Seattle Public Utilities (SPU), are participating utilities in the program. The Saving <strong>Water</strong><br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 1 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\<strong>Water</strong> Conservation <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:39)
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Partnership encourages customers to conserve water through public education materials, education<br />
programs, and rebate programs for using resource efficient appliances. The Saving <strong>Water</strong><br />
Partnership also conducts evaluations <strong>of</strong> their programs to ensure that they are meeting their<br />
conservation goals. The <strong>Water</strong> Conservation Coalition <strong>of</strong> Puget Sound includes members from the<br />
greater Puget Sound area, including cities, water districts, regional water associations, and others.<br />
Its programs, thus far, include coordinating the distribution <strong>of</strong> summer lawn watering calendars and<br />
public education.<br />
WATER CONSERVATION PROGRAM<br />
As described above, the three required elements <strong>of</strong> a water conservation plan are water use data<br />
collection, demand forecasting, and the conservation program. The water use data and systemwide<br />
demand forecasts are contained in Chapter 4 <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>’s <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong><br />
<strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>, and the conservation program is described herein. The <strong>City</strong> is committed to<br />
continue collecting water use data beyond the data presented in Chapter 4 for evaluation <strong>of</strong> its<br />
conservation program and water use patterns, and for forecasting demands for future facility<br />
requirements. The <strong>City</strong>’s water conservation program that follows includes a description <strong>of</strong><br />
previous conservation efforts, a statement <strong>of</strong> its goals and objectives, the evaluation and<br />
selection <strong>of</strong> alternative conservation measures, the conservation program schedule and budget,<br />
and the method <strong>of</strong> program monitoring. In 2002, the <strong>City</strong> provided water service to<br />
approximately 1,954 customers, thus is subject to the conservation requirements defined in the<br />
Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>ning Requirements <strong>of</strong> a medium sized system.<br />
Previous Conservation Efforts<br />
Most conservation efforts in <strong>Duvall</strong> are currently implemented at the regional level by the Saving<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Partnership. The regional conservation program, referred to as the 1% Program, has set forth<br />
a goal <strong>of</strong> reducing total water consumption by one percent per year through 2010, and since the<br />
commencement <strong>of</strong> the program in 2000, the region has exceeded these conservation goals. SPU<br />
publishes an annual report which monitors the performance <strong>of</strong> the 1% Program to ensure the<br />
program is meeting its goals and that it is being managed efficiently. According to the Regional 1%<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Conservation Program 2002 Annual Report, 2002 was a highly successful year for the 1%<br />
Program. The Saving <strong>Water</strong> Partnership’s programs such as plumbing and fixture rebates,<br />
landscaping audits, outreach and technical assistance, and conservation marketing have helped the<br />
region achieve water savings that are 7 percent below the 1% Program’s goals for 2002. All current<br />
conservation measures have been successful in reducing regional water use and will therefore<br />
continue to be supported.<br />
Prior to the 1% Program’s implementation in 2000, SPU’s Long Range Regional <strong>Water</strong><br />
Conservation <strong>Plan</strong> guided conservation efforts in the region. These efforts included modified rate<br />
structures, the adoption <strong>of</strong> water conservation plumbing fixture codes, public education and<br />
DUV\102-081\01\\PLAN\<strong>Water</strong> Conservation <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:39) 2 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> Conservation <strong>Plan</strong><br />
plumbing and fixture rebates. As a result <strong>of</strong> this conservation program, per capita water use in the<br />
region was reduced by 20 percent from 1989 to 1998.<br />
Conservation Program Goals and Objectives<br />
The goals and objectives <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Water</strong> Conservation Program consist <strong>of</strong>:<br />
• Achieving system-wide average water use reduction <strong>of</strong> one percent per year from 2003<br />
through the year 2010, which is consistent with SPU’s regional water conservation goals.<br />
• Increase awareness among all water users <strong>of</strong> the value and importance <strong>of</strong> conserving water<br />
and <strong>of</strong> the methods available to achieve reductions in water use.<br />
• Continue to evaluate the use <strong>of</strong> reclaimed water from the <strong>City</strong>’s Wastewater Treatment <strong>Plan</strong>t<br />
for irrigation or other non-potable applications.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> will achieve these goals and objectives through the implementation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
water conservation program that follows.<br />
Evaluation and Selection <strong>of</strong> Alternative Conservation Measures<br />
The <strong>City</strong>'s evaluation <strong>of</strong> conservation measures and selected levels <strong>of</strong> implementation are presented<br />
below.<br />
Public Education<br />
School Outreach - This conservation measure is only required for large systems. This measure<br />
requires educational programs that increase awareness <strong>of</strong> local water resources and encourage<br />
water conservation.<br />
This measure is currently accomplished through the Saving <strong>Water</strong> Partnership; therefore, the<br />
<strong>City</strong> will not duplicate this effort. Because resources to accomplish this conservation measure<br />
are allocated at the regional level, rather than directly from <strong>Duvall</strong>, this measure is highly costeffective<br />
for the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
Speakers Bureau - This conservation measure is only required for large water systems and is<br />
described in the Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>ning Requirements as “Seeking speaking opportunities and<br />
making speakers available to a wide cross-section <strong>of</strong> services, community, and other groups.”<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will encourage and make information available about upcoming water conservation<br />
speakers or meetings to <strong>City</strong> customers. At any time, as resources allow, the <strong>City</strong> will strive to<br />
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schedule speakers or have <strong>City</strong> staff speak to residents regarding water conservation measures<br />
and benefits. The cost <strong>of</strong> this program and its predicted water savings are included in the<br />
program promotion measure described in the following section.<br />
Program Promotion - This item is a required element <strong>of</strong> all water conservation programs. The<br />
Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>ning Requirements provides the following definition for this measure:<br />
“Publicize the need for water conservation through television and radio public service<br />
announcements, news articles, public water systems’ bill inserts, or other means. This includes<br />
promoting efficient indoor and outdoor water usage, distribution <strong>of</strong> Ecology/Health conservation<br />
brochures <strong>of</strong> other printed material, informing customers, builders and contractors <strong>of</strong> new<br />
plumbing code regulations requiring efficient plumbing fixtures, and other efforts.”<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will continue to support the regional conservation promotion activities <strong>of</strong> the Saving<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Partnership. <strong>Water</strong> conservation information can also be accessed by <strong>Duvall</strong> customers<br />
via informational material created by the Saving <strong>Water</strong> Partnership. This includes newspaper<br />
articles, radio and television public service announcements, informational websites, displays at<br />
local fairs and mall shows, water-related conferences and seminars, community presentations,<br />
quarterly newsletters, conservation education courses for children, and various conservation<br />
programs for the elementary, middle, and high schools. The <strong>City</strong> will also provide water<br />
conservation brochures in water bills to further increase the promotion <strong>of</strong> conservation<br />
programs.<br />
Through a public education program that is comprised <strong>of</strong> program promotion, speaker bureaus<br />
and conservation minded customer assistance for residential or commercial customers, it is<br />
anticipated that the <strong>City</strong> may reduce total water use within a six year period by approximately 2<br />
percent. Over the next six years, the <strong>City</strong> is expected to achieve an average reduction in annual<br />
water usage <strong>of</strong> approximately 2.6 million gallons and an average annual savings <strong>of</strong><br />
approximately $5,050 in water purchased from SPU and from power costs. Although the public<br />
education program will only cost the <strong>City</strong> approximately $3,500 annually to implement, it is<br />
anticipated that water savings will result in an annual reduction in revenue from water sales <strong>of</strong><br />
approximately $9,900. While this is not a cost-effective measure, it is prudent in continuing to<br />
support the <strong>City</strong>’s long-range efforts to conserve regional water resources.<br />
Theme Shows and Fairs – The evaluation <strong>of</strong> this measure is not required for <strong>Duvall</strong>, because<br />
the Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>ning Requirements lists it as a recommended measure for large and<br />
regional systems only. This measure requires that a portable display be made, along with<br />
educational materials to be exhibited at local fairs and theme shows.<br />
This measure has been accomplished by the Saving <strong>Water</strong> Partnership in the past. Therefore,<br />
the <strong>City</strong> will not duplicate this effort. Because resources to accomplish this conservation<br />
measure are allocated at the regional level, rather than directly from <strong>Duvall</strong>, this measure is<br />
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highly cost-effective for the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
Technical Assistance<br />
Purveyor Assistance - This item is required for medium water systems such as <strong>Duvall</strong> and is<br />
described in the Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>ning Requirements as “assistance from wholesale suppliers to<br />
aide wholesale customers in developing and implementing conservation programs tailored to<br />
their needs, and in carrying out the wholesale suppliers conservation program.”<br />
This measure will not be included in the <strong>City</strong>’s conservation program at this time, because the<br />
<strong>City</strong> currently does not have any wholesale customers. However, as a wholesale water<br />
purchaser, the <strong>City</strong> will continue to comply with SPU conservation requirements.<br />
Customer Assistance - This conservation measure is required for medium water systems such as<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong>. The Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>ning Requirements defines this conservation measure as the<br />
utility providing “assistance and information to customers which facilitates water conservation.”<br />
A great deal <strong>of</strong> the information on water conservation will be disseminated to customers in the<br />
distributed brochures, radio advertisements, and newspaper articles described above under<br />
“Program Promotion”.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will distribute conservation information at the local level and coordinate with the<br />
Saving <strong>Water</strong> Partnership, as needed, on regional activities. The cost <strong>of</strong> this program and its<br />
predicted water savings are included in the program promotion measure section.<br />
Technical Studies - This conservation measure is only required for large water systems and<br />
requires that “Studies would be designed and conducted by the public water system and/or<br />
regional organization.”<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will utilize studies conducted by the Saving <strong>Water</strong> Partnership and larger water<br />
systems such as SPU. These studies will be used to evaluate the latest water conservation<br />
techniques applicable to the <strong>City</strong>’s water system and how they can best be implemented.<br />
Because resources to accomplish this conservation measure are allocated at the regional level,<br />
rather than directly from <strong>Duvall</strong>, this measure is highly cost-effective for the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
Bill Showing Consumption History - This conservation measure is required for medium water<br />
systems such as <strong>Duvall</strong>. According to the Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>ning Requirements, water billings<br />
should display a comparison <strong>of</strong> current water use with past water use from the same period <strong>of</strong> the<br />
previous year, and show a percent increase or decrease. The <strong>City</strong> is not currently providing this<br />
information on water bills, because the billing system is not capable <strong>of</strong> this function. However,<br />
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the <strong>City</strong> is currently upgrading its meter reading and billing system, which includes the<br />
capability to show previous year’s consumption data.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will provide previous year’s consumption information on water bills when the meter<br />
reading and billing system is upgraded, which is estimated to be completed in 2005. Additional<br />
resources outside <strong>of</strong> the meter reading and billing system upgrade project will not be necessary<br />
to implement this conservation measure; therefore, this is a cost-effective measure for the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
<strong>System</strong> Measures<br />
Source Meters - Metering <strong>of</strong> all sources is required for all new or expanding public water<br />
systems needing additional water rights. Periodic meter testing and meter repair program is also<br />
required under this measure.<br />
Both <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s supply sources are currently equipped with meters and are recorded<br />
continuously. The meters are periodically tested and repaired, or replaced, as necessary. The<br />
<strong>City</strong> has allocated $500 per year to fund this program. While the <strong>City</strong> does not expect to receive<br />
any additional water savings from the program, the maintenance <strong>of</strong> source meters is vital to<br />
sustain current conservation levels, for accurate unaccounted-for water calculations, to ensure<br />
accurate billing from SPU, and to maintain proper operation <strong>of</strong> the water system during SPU’s<br />
demand metering periods.<br />
Service Meters - The Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>ning Requirements recommends that all utilities install<br />
individual service meters for all water users and maintain a periodic meter testing and repair<br />
program.<br />
All <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s service connections are metered. As part <strong>of</strong> improvements that include the<br />
meter reading and billing system upgrade, all meters are currently being replaced within the<br />
<strong>City</strong>. The <strong>City</strong> currently maintains a program in which meters are periodically tested and<br />
repaired or replaced, as necessary. The <strong>City</strong> has allocated $1,000 per year to fund this<br />
program. While the <strong>City</strong> does not expect to receive any additional water savings from the<br />
program, the maintenance <strong>of</strong> service meters is vital to sustain current conservation levels, for<br />
accurate unaccounted-for water calculations, and to ensure accurate customer billing.<br />
Unaccounted <strong>Water</strong>/Leak Detection - This conservation measure is required for medium-sized<br />
water systems. This measure is defined in the Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>ning Requirements as the<br />
following: “Conduct a regular and systematic program <strong>of</strong> finding and repairing leaks in system<br />
mains and laterals. This includes on-site testing using computer-assisted leak detection<br />
equipment on water distribution mains, valves, services, and meters.” If unaccounted-for water<br />
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is greater than 20 percent, the conservation program must include a program to detect and repair<br />
leaks, evaluate and repair meters if the meters are not functioning properly, or correct other<br />
system operation problems that may be contributing to the high level <strong>of</strong> unaccounted-for water.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will continue its water main replacement program to reduce the amount <strong>of</strong> older and<br />
potentially leaking water mains. The <strong>City</strong> will also require the metering <strong>of</strong> all non-revenue<br />
unaccounted-for water usage such as water main flushing and street cleaning. Although the <strong>City</strong><br />
has never experienced unaccounted-for water in excess <strong>of</strong> 20 percent, the <strong>City</strong> will implement a<br />
comprehensive leak detection/water main repair program to further reduce the amount <strong>of</strong><br />
unaccounted-for water. With an expected cost <strong>of</strong> $2,000 per year and an expected total water<br />
reduction <strong>of</strong> 1 percent by 2008, it is anticipated that the <strong>City</strong> can achieve an average annual<br />
water savings <strong>of</strong> approximately 1.3 million gallons per year. This results in an average annual<br />
savings <strong>of</strong> approximately $2,500 in water purchased from SPU and in power costs, making this a<br />
cost-effective measure for the <strong>City</strong> to implement.<br />
Incentives/Other Measures<br />
Single-Family/Multi-Family Kits - This conservation measure is required for medium-sized<br />
water systems. The Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>ning Requirements defines this measure as the following:<br />
“Distribute kits containing easily installed water saving devices to single-family residential<br />
homes and the owners and managers <strong>of</strong> apartment buildings and condominiums.” These kits<br />
could include shower flow restrictors, toilet tank water displacement bags, leak detection dye<br />
tablets for toilets, and informational brochures.<br />
The 1993 State Plumbing Code requires all new construction to install fixtures that comply with<br />
the following maximum water usage: toilets - 1.6 gallons per flush, urinals -1.0 gallon per flush,<br />
shower heads and faucet aerators - 2.5 gallons per minute.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will make available water conservation kits for all water system customers. The <strong>City</strong><br />
will support and promote other regional plumbing retr<strong>of</strong>it programs and will also enforce the<br />
use <strong>of</strong> low-flow plumbing fixtures through the building permit process. The <strong>City</strong> will spend<br />
approximately $1,000 annually to support this program, which is anticipated to reduce per<br />
capita water use by approximately 9.5 gallons per day on average. Over the next six years, the<br />
<strong>City</strong> is expected to see a decrease in overall water usage <strong>of</strong> approximately 6.0 million gallons <strong>of</strong><br />
water per year and an average annual savings <strong>of</strong> approximately $11,500 in water purchased<br />
from SPU and from power costs. However, it is anticipated that this water savings will result in<br />
an annual reduction in revenue from water sales <strong>of</strong> approximately $22,600. Although this is not<br />
a cost-effective measure, it is prudent in continuing to support the <strong>City</strong>’s long-range efforts to<br />
conserve regional water resources.<br />
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Nurseries/Agriculture - This item is also required for medium-sized water systems such as<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong>. The Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>ning Requirements defines this measure as the following:<br />
“Encourage and/or require the application <strong>of</strong> current technology to water use practices <strong>of</strong> large<br />
agriculture/irrigation operations. Examples include nurseries and commercial agriculture.”<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will encourage agricultural landowners and large irrigation operations to utilize the<br />
latest technology available to help conserve water. For example, devices are available that<br />
automatically check the water content in soil and set sprinklers to run only when needed. Costs<br />
to the <strong>City</strong> to encourage large irrigation users to utilize current technology in water use<br />
practices and their expected water savings are included in the program promotion measure.<br />
Landscape Management/Playfields - Xeriscaping - This conservation measure is required for<br />
medium-sized water systems. The Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>ning Requirements defines this measure as<br />
the following: “Promote low water demand landscaping in all retail customer classes (private,<br />
public, commercial, industrial, etc.).” The promotion <strong>of</strong> low water demand landscaping can be<br />
accomplished by (1) preparing a demonstration garden which can provide an example <strong>of</strong> this<br />
type <strong>of</strong> landscaping to interested customers and developers, (2) working with local nurseries to<br />
promote the availability <strong>of</strong> low water demand plants and/or (3) developing codes that require<br />
landscaping on new development that is <strong>of</strong> the low demand type. The Saving <strong>Water</strong> Partnership<br />
works with the landscape industry to promote water conservation practices within the industry<br />
and to its customers. The Saving <strong>Water</strong> Partnership has worked with the Washington<br />
Association <strong>of</strong> Landscape Pr<strong>of</strong>essionals and the Washington State Nursery and Landscape<br />
Association to develop informational brochures on proper irrigation and landscaping practices.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> currently supports the conservation efforts <strong>of</strong> these groups through the Saving <strong>Water</strong><br />
Partnership. Because resources to accomplish this conservation measure are allocated at the<br />
regional level, rather than directly from <strong>Duvall</strong>, this measure is highly cost-effective for the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
Conservation Pricing - This conservation measure is also required for medium-sized water<br />
systems. All conservation programs are required to consider the benefits and costs <strong>of</strong><br />
implementing rate design techniques to provide economic incentives to conserve water. The<br />
<strong>City</strong>'s rates are structured to emphasize the commodity charge more than the base charge to<br />
enable customers to have more control over their water bill and recognize the benefits <strong>of</strong><br />
conserving water.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will continue to establish an increasing block rate structure that provides economic<br />
incentives for conserving water. Future funds will not be required to continue to support this<br />
conservation measure; therefore, this is a cost-effective measure for the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
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Utility Financed Retr<strong>of</strong>it - This conservation measure is only required for large systems. This<br />
measure requires that the <strong>City</strong> “install water efficient fixtures in existing residences and<br />
commercial/industrial facilities by: (a) providing fixtures at no cost, (b) giving a rebate for<br />
consumer purchased fixtures, or (c) arranging for suppliers to provide fixtures at a reduced<br />
price.” Currently, the Saving <strong>Water</strong> Partnership has a rebate program for toilets, water-efficient<br />
washing machines, and sprinkler system upgrades for rain sensors or evapotranspiration<br />
controllers.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will continue to support and promote the regional water fixture rebate program <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Saving <strong>Water</strong> Partnership. Because resources to accomplish this conservation measure are<br />
allocated at the regional level, rather than directly from the <strong>City</strong>, this measure is highly costeffective<br />
for the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
Seasonal Demand Management - This includes conservation measures aimed at controlling<br />
peak seasonal demand. The evaluation <strong>of</strong> this measure is not required for <strong>Duvall</strong>, because the<br />
Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>ning Requirements lists it as a recommended measure for large and regional<br />
systems only.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will allocate $500 annually to implement a lawn-watering schedule to control<br />
summertime peak water demands and maximize lawn watering efficiency. It is anticipated that a<br />
total water savings <strong>of</strong> approximately 1 percent may be achieved within six years <strong>of</strong><br />
implementation <strong>of</strong> this measure. This would equate to an average reduction in water use <strong>of</strong><br />
approximately 1.3 million gallons annually over the next six years and an average annual<br />
savings <strong>of</strong> approximately $2,500 in water purchased from SPU and for power costs. However, it<br />
is anticipated that this water savings will result in an annual reduction in revenue from water<br />
sales <strong>of</strong> approximately $4,900. Although this is not a cost-effective measure, it is prudent in<br />
continuing to support the <strong>City</strong>’s long-range efforts to conserve regional water resources.<br />
Recycling/Reuse – Ecology requires that the <strong>City</strong> “Examine opportunities for water reuse and<br />
recycling as an approach to providing additional water.” The <strong>City</strong> currently operates its own<br />
Wastewater Treatment <strong>Plan</strong>t that could be a source <strong>of</strong> reclaimed water for non-potable uses such<br />
as irrigation, commercial and/or other beneficial uses, once improvements to the plant are<br />
completed in 2005. A list <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>’s largest water users in 2002 is shown in Table 4-2 <strong>of</strong> the<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>’s <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. The use <strong>of</strong> reclaimed water by these<br />
customers may have the most impact on reducing overall water consumption; therefore, the <strong>City</strong><br />
will strive to pursue water reclamation activities that target these large water users.<br />
The following identifies potential water reclamation opportunities that the <strong>City</strong> may pursue.<br />
These potential uses for reclaimed water are also summarized in the Reclaimed <strong>Water</strong> Checklist<br />
on page 14 <strong>of</strong> this plan. A more detailed feasibility analysis will be performed as part <strong>of</strong> CIP<br />
M3, as described in Chapter 9 <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>, to determine<br />
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the reclamation activities that will be implemented by the <strong>City</strong> in the 6-year and 20-year<br />
planning periods.<br />
Riverview School District<br />
Potential Use: Landscape irrigation at Cherry Valley Elementary School<br />
Potential <strong>Water</strong> Savings: 320,000 gallons per year estimated<br />
Operational Feasibility: The Cherry Valley Elementary School is located approximately one<br />
mile northeast <strong>of</strong> the Wastewater Treatment <strong>Plan</strong>t. Irrigation pipe and associated appurtenances<br />
will need to be constructed to convey reclaimed water to the school. Alternatively, water trucks<br />
may instead be used to haul water to the elementary school site as is currently done by the <strong>City</strong><br />
to irrigate parks with water from the Taylor’s Landing Well. Regular irrigation <strong>of</strong> all<br />
landscaping would require a significant effort from <strong>City</strong> or school district staff.<br />
Financial Feasibility: Construction <strong>of</strong> approximately one mile <strong>of</strong> irrigation pipe, most <strong>of</strong> which<br />
would be located in the <strong>City</strong>’s business district, would be quite costly. Further financial analyses<br />
will need to be performed to determine potential cost sharing opportunities that may be achieved<br />
between the <strong>City</strong>, the school district, and other potential reclaimed water users that may be<br />
located along the proposed alignment. The <strong>City</strong> will need to perform a more detailed feasibility<br />
analysis to determine the cost effectiveness <strong>of</strong> constructing an irrigation system to the<br />
elementary school. The labor hours necessary to haul water to irrigate all landscaping is more<br />
than the cost savings that may be realized by using reclaimed water. However, it may be feasible<br />
to irrigate a portion <strong>of</strong> the school district’s landscaping with reclaimed water to supplement the<br />
potable water supply from the existing irrigation system.<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Potential Use: Landscape irrigation at city parks; street sweeping; washing sidewalks; dust<br />
control and other construction purposes.<br />
Potential <strong>Water</strong> Savings: 100,000 gallons per year estimated<br />
Operational Feasibility: Currently, the <strong>City</strong> hauls water in water trucks from the Taylor’s<br />
Landing Well to irrigate city parks. Utilizing reclaimed water from the Wastewater Treatment<br />
<strong>Plan</strong>t, a similar program may be implemented with minimal impact to existing maintenance<br />
practices. Additionally, reclaimed water may be hauled for use by the <strong>City</strong> for street sweeping,<br />
dust control, and dust control at construction sites, which currently utilizes the <strong>City</strong>’s potable<br />
water supply.<br />
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Financial Feasibility: This program may be implemented with minimal costs to the <strong>City</strong> since a<br />
similar practice is already in place to haul water. The cost savings that may be realized from<br />
limiting the use <strong>of</strong> potable water for landscape irrigation at city parks, street sweeping, washing<br />
sidewalks, dust control and other construction purposes make this a cost-effective option for the<br />
<strong>City</strong> to implement.<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> Village<br />
Potential Use: Landscape irrigation for multi-family development.<br />
Potential <strong>Water</strong> Savings: 1,000,000 gallons per year estimated<br />
Operational Feasibility: The <strong>City</strong> is currently coordinating with the developers <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> Village<br />
to evaluate the extent that reclaimed water from the Wastewater Treatment <strong>Plan</strong>t can be used on<br />
the property for fire suppression, wetland mitigation and landscape irrigation purposes. The<br />
proposed development is located immediately south <strong>of</strong> the Wastewater Treatment <strong>Plan</strong>t;<br />
therefore, minimal piping will be necessary to convey reclaimed water to the property. A<br />
reclaimed water system separate from the potable water system would need to be installed onsite<br />
in the buildings with a backflow prevention assembly to prevent potential cross contamination.<br />
The reclaimed water system would otherwise operate in the same manner as a system utilizing<br />
solely potable water.<br />
Financial Feasibility: This project will be developer funded. The <strong>City</strong> will likely supply<br />
reclaimed water to <strong>Duvall</strong> Village at a reduced rate and because the property has not yet been<br />
developed, installation <strong>of</strong> the additional piping to convey the reclaimed water supply will be<br />
relatively inexpensive compared to retr<strong>of</strong>itting an existing building or development. The value<br />
<strong>of</strong> the water savings to the future residents that may be realized from the construction <strong>of</strong> this<br />
project is approximately $75,000 over a 20-year period. To be cost-effective, the costs<br />
associated with the installation <strong>of</strong> the proposed piping, as well as the cost <strong>of</strong> the reclaimed water<br />
supplied, will have to be less than $75,000 over a 20-year period.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will evaluate methods that would provide reclaimed water from the new Wastewater<br />
Treatment <strong>Plan</strong>t for non-potable uses to <strong>City</strong> parks, the Riverview School District, <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Village or other water system customers for irrigation or other purposes. The <strong>City</strong> will also<br />
further consider reclaimed water use for large water users that have large potential water<br />
savings and will begin to implement reclaimed water use once it is deemed cost-effective at these<br />
locations. As shown in Table 9-5 <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>, the <strong>City</strong> will<br />
begin implementing on-going water reclamation activities in 2005 and has budgeted $5,000<br />
annually to support these conservation efforts.<br />
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Conservation Program Schedule and Budget<br />
The conservation measures described above and selected for implementation by the <strong>City</strong> are<br />
summarized in Table 1 with their corresponding schedule and budget. The successful<br />
implementation <strong>of</strong> this conservation program is expected to achieve a one percent water use<br />
reduction per year through 2010 and meet the other goals and objectives stated earlier.<br />
Table 1<br />
Conservation Program Schedule and Budget<br />
Conservation Measure Schedule Budget<br />
Public Education<br />
School Outreach* Ongoing ---<br />
Speakers Bureau 2005 $500/year<br />
Program Promotion Ongoing $1,500/year<br />
Theme Shows and Fairs* Ongoing ---<br />
Technical Assistance<br />
Customer Assistance Ongoing $1,000/year<br />
Technical Studies* Ongoing ---<br />
Bill Showing Consumption History 2005 ---<br />
<strong>System</strong> Measures<br />
Source Meters - maintenance and repair <strong>of</strong> existing Ongoing $500/year<br />
Service Meters - maintenance and repair <strong>of</strong> existing Ongoing $1,000/year<br />
Unaccounted <strong>Water</strong>/Leak Detection Ongoing $2,000/year<br />
Incentives/Other Measures<br />
Single-Family/Multi-Family Kits 2005 $1,000/year<br />
Nurseries/Agriculture 2005 $500/year<br />
Landscape Management/Playfields - Xeriscaping* Ongoing ---<br />
Conservation Pricing Ongoing ---<br />
Utility Financed Retr<strong>of</strong>it* Ongoing ---<br />
Seasonal Demand Management 2005 $500/year<br />
Recycling/Reuse 2005 $5,000/year<br />
* Programs are funded through the Saving <strong>Water</strong> Partnership.<br />
DUV\102-081\01\\PLAN\<strong>Water</strong> Conservation <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:39) 12 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> Conservation <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Conservation Program Monitoring<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will continue to monitor overall water use, per capita water use, and the amount <strong>of</strong><br />
unaccounted-for water on an annual basis. The <strong>City</strong> will monitor the success or failure <strong>of</strong> its<br />
water conservation program by analyzing this data and determining the long-term trend in per<br />
capita water usage. The <strong>City</strong> will also evaluate the cost-effectiveness <strong>of</strong> water conservation<br />
methods, both implemented and not implemented, to determine if existing programs should be<br />
continued, or if new methods should be instituted. If the results <strong>of</strong> the program monitoring show<br />
that the water savings’ goals for per capita water use are not being met, more rigorous program<br />
implementation or additional program items will be considered.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 13 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\<strong>Water</strong> Conservation <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:39)
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Reclaimed <strong>Water</strong> Potential Use<br />
Checklist<br />
Est. Annual<br />
Use<br />
Est.<br />
Annual<br />
Savings<br />
Crop Irrigation<br />
<br />
Trees N/A N/A<br />
Sod N/A N/A<br />
Nursery N/A N/A<br />
Pasture N/A N/A<br />
Irrigation <strong>of</strong> Food Crops N/A N/A<br />
Landscape Irrigation<br />
Cemeteries N/A N/A<br />
Freeway Landscapes N/A N/A<br />
Other Restricted Landscape Areas N/A N/A<br />
Golf Courses N/A N/A<br />
Parks 50,000 gal $100<br />
Playgrounds N/A N/A<br />
Schoolyards 320,000 gal $640/$1,200 1<br />
Other Open Access Areas N/A N/A<br />
Residential Landscapes 900,000 gal $1,800/$3,400 1<br />
Ponds<br />
Landscape Impoundments N/A N/A<br />
Recreational Impoundments N/A N/A<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Trucks<br />
Street Sweeping 30,000 gal $60<br />
Fire fighting & protection N/A N/A<br />
Washing <strong>of</strong> Corporation Yards, Lots, and Sidewalks 10,000 gal $20<br />
Dust Control (Dampening Unpaved Roads, Other Surfaces) 10,000 gal $20<br />
Dampening Soil for Compaction (Construction Sites, Landfills, N/A_______ __N/A_____<br />
Pipelines, etc.)<br />
Other<br />
Toilet and Urinal Flushing N/A N/A<br />
Lift Stations N/A N/A<br />
Ship Ballast N/A N/A<br />
Fish Hatchery Basins N/A N/A<br />
Washing Aggregate and Making Concrete N/A N/A<br />
Flushing <strong>of</strong> Sanitary Sewers N/A N/A<br />
Industrial Boiler Feed N/A N/A<br />
Industrial Cooling N/A N/A<br />
Industrial Process N/A N/A<br />
*Other uses not listed above<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> Village Wetland Mitigation 100,000 gal $200/$375 1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
1 = Annual savings based on customer purchase price.<br />
DUV\102-081\01\\PLAN\<strong>Water</strong> Conservation <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:39) 14 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
CITY OF DUVALL<br />
Cross-Connection Control<br />
Program<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
A cross-connection control (CCC) program is a proactive and ongoing effort <strong>of</strong> a water purveyor<br />
to protect the health <strong>of</strong> its customers by preventing contamination <strong>of</strong> the municipal water supply<br />
that it supplies by preventing backflow <strong>of</strong> contaminants through cross-connection. A crossconnection<br />
is any physical connection, actual or potential, between a water system and any<br />
source <strong>of</strong> non-potable substance. All public water systems in Washington State are required to<br />
implement a cross-connection control program. All required elements <strong>of</strong> a local CCC program<br />
must be documented and included in either the <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> (applicable to<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong>) or Small <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Management Program document (not applicable to <strong>Duvall</strong>). The<br />
State mandate for a CCC program and the required elements <strong>of</strong> a CCC program are contained in<br />
WAC 246-290-490 Cross-Connection Control, which became effective in April <strong>of</strong> 1999. The<br />
minimum required elements in a CCC program are as follows:<br />
• Adopt a local ordinance, resolution or code that establishes the purveyor’s legal<br />
authority, describes operating policies and the corrective actions <strong>of</strong> a CCC program.<br />
• Develop and implement procedures and schedules for evaluating new and existing<br />
service connections to assess hazards.<br />
• Develop and implement procedures and schedules that eliminate or control crossconnections<br />
and ensure approved backflow preventers are properly installed.<br />
• Ensure that personnel, including one certified Cross-Connection Control Specialist<br />
(CCS), are provided to develop and implement the CCC program.<br />
• Develop and implement procedures to ensure approved backflow preventers are properly<br />
inspected and tested.<br />
• Develop and implement a backflow prevention assembly testing quality control assurance<br />
program.<br />
• Develop and implement procedures for backflow incident response.<br />
• Include cross-connection control program information in customer education materials.<br />
• Develop and maintain CCC program records.<br />
• Meet any additional CCC requirements if reclaimed water is distributed or received in the<br />
water service area.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 1 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Cross Connection Control <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:51)
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
PURPOSE AND SCOPE<br />
This document establishes minimum standards for the <strong>City</strong> to protect the public water supply<br />
from possible contamination from backflow. This document also describes minimum CCC<br />
program operating policies, provides guidelines for installation, testing and maintenance <strong>of</strong><br />
approved backflow devices. In addition, permitting and inspection requirements for existing and<br />
new backflow prevention devices are described. The document concludes with recommendations<br />
that the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> is advised to address in order to comply with the updated CCC program<br />
requirements.<br />
AUTHORITY<br />
The Federal Safe Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Act <strong>of</strong> 1974 and the statutes <strong>of</strong> the State <strong>of</strong> Washington Title<br />
43 RCW require purveyors to protect the public water systems from contamination. In addition,<br />
Washington Administrative Code WAC 246-290-490 establishes cross-connection control<br />
program requirements for the State. In Washington State, the Department <strong>of</strong> Health (DOH) and<br />
the Department <strong>of</strong> Community, Trade and Economic Development are the lead agencies for the<br />
development and administration <strong>of</strong> the State’s cross-connection control program. The <strong>City</strong> has<br />
an adopted cross-connection control ordinance in Section 9.02.040(c), <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong>s, Cross<br />
Connections and Back Flow Prevention <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s Municipal Code. This code establishes the<br />
<strong>City</strong>’s authority in implementing a cross-connection program and prohibits cross-connections.<br />
RESPONSIBILITY<br />
The <strong>City</strong> is responsible for protecting its public water supply from contamination, due to<br />
backflow <strong>of</strong> pollutants through water service connections. If the <strong>City</strong> determines that a backflow<br />
prevention device is necessary at a customer’s premise, the <strong>City</strong> will notify the customer to<br />
install an approved backflow device on the premise. Installation <strong>of</strong> said backflow device(s) shall<br />
be a condition <strong>of</strong> continued water service from the <strong>City</strong>. Upon installation, the customer shall<br />
notify the <strong>City</strong> requesting inspection and testing <strong>of</strong> said device(s). The customer will be<br />
responsible for all applicable testing and inspection fees.<br />
FAILURE TO COMPLY<br />
Any person, firm, or corporation who violates any <strong>of</strong> the provisions <strong>of</strong> this document or <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Municipal Code Section 9.02.040(c), may be punished in accordance with <strong>Duvall</strong> Municipal<br />
Code. Any person, firm or corporation who violates any provisions and requirements <strong>of</strong> this<br />
document shall be subject to discontinuance <strong>of</strong> supply <strong>of</strong> <strong>City</strong> water to the premise.<br />
Discontinuance <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> potable supply to the premise shall remain in effect until corrective<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Cross Connection Control <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:51) 2 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Cross-Connection Control Program<br />
action, as required by the <strong>City</strong>, is completed, tested and approved.<br />
CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL PROGRAM<br />
The <strong>City</strong> has implemented some <strong>of</strong> the required elements <strong>of</strong> the CCC program as listed above.<br />
This document will describe the <strong>City</strong>’s current CCC program and will also discuss areas that the<br />
<strong>City</strong> needs to address in order to comply with the new CCC program requirements. The <strong>City</strong> is<br />
committed to protecting the public water supply from contamination by eliminating potential<br />
cross-connections. The <strong>City</strong>’s CCC program that follows includes a statement <strong>of</strong> its goals and<br />
objectives, the evaluation <strong>of</strong> CCC elements, the program implementation schedule, and<br />
recommendations.<br />
CCC Program Goals and Objectives<br />
The goals and objectives <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Water</strong> CCC Program consist <strong>of</strong>:<br />
• Prevent contamination <strong>of</strong> the public water supply by eliminating cross-connections.<br />
• Inventory all potential cross-connection hazard areas.<br />
• Establish an inspection and maintenance program for all backflow prevention devices.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> will achieve these goals and objectives through the implementation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
CCC program that follows.<br />
Evaluation <strong>of</strong> CCC Program Elements<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> is required to develop and implement a cross-connection control program.<br />
All required elements <strong>of</strong> a local CCC program must be documented and included in the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. The evaluation <strong>of</strong> these CCC program elements and current<br />
level <strong>of</strong> implementation are presented below.<br />
Cross-Connection Control Ordinance<br />
This CCC program element requires that the purveyor “adopt a local ordinance, resolution, code,<br />
bylaw, or other written legal instrument” outlining the purveyor’s program. In addition, this<br />
document must establish the purveyor’s legal authority to implement a CCC program. Operating<br />
policies, technical provisions and corrective actions <strong>of</strong> the CCC program must also be addressed<br />
in the legal document. The <strong>City</strong> currently has an adopted cross-connection control program, as<br />
described in Section 9.02.040(c) <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s Municipal Code. This section establishes the<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 3 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Cross Connection Control <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:51)
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
<strong>City</strong>’s authority in implementing a cross-connection program and prohibits cross-connections.<br />
However, this ordinance was written prior to the new requirements contained in WAC 246-290.<br />
This document updates the <strong>City</strong>’s CCC program in order to comply with the new WAC 246-290<br />
requirements. In addition, the American <strong>Water</strong> Works Association (AWWA) published a<br />
manual entitled, “Recommended Practice for Backflow Prevention and Cross-Connection<br />
Control (AWWA M14)” that outlines cross-connection control procedures that are recommended<br />
by the WAC requirements as a tool for developing a CCC program. This manual specifically<br />
lists types <strong>of</strong> backflow devices that should be used for different premises. <strong>Duvall</strong>’s CCC<br />
program currently references the AWWA document as part <strong>of</strong> its program.<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s Municipal Code will be updated to address the new regulations in WAC 246-290<br />
and the current CCC program contained in this document.<br />
Evaluation <strong>of</strong> Service Connections<br />
This CCC program element requires that the purveyor develop and implement procedures for<br />
evaluating existing and new service connections to assess the risk <strong>of</strong> connecting the consumer’s<br />
premises to the <strong>City</strong>’s public water system. This element also requires that the purveyor notify<br />
the consumer within a reasonable time frame <strong>of</strong> the evaluation results. New connections are<br />
required to be evaluated prior to service. Existing connections shall be inspected on a schedule<br />
acceptable to DOH. The <strong>City</strong> has an established procedure for evaluating new service<br />
connections for potential cross connection. This risk assessment evaluation is performed during<br />
the building permit process for new water service applicants. If a backflow device is required as<br />
a result <strong>of</strong> this evaluation, the device, owners name, property address, and other pertinent<br />
information is recorded on a list that is filed at the <strong>City</strong>’s Public Works facility. The <strong>City</strong> has not<br />
performed a system-wide risk assessment <strong>of</strong> all existing service connections.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will develop and implement an evaluation program that assesses the risk <strong>of</strong> existing<br />
water service connections. Potential high-risk cross-connection premises will be evaluated<br />
first. The <strong>City</strong> will then evaluate other premises, based on potential risk to the water system<br />
and budget availability.<br />
Table 1 lists standard abbreviations for backflow prevention devices. These abbreviations will<br />
be used in the tables that follow.<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Cross Connection Control <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:51) 4 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Cross-Connection Control Program<br />
Table 1<br />
Abbreviations<br />
Abbreviation Description Level <strong>of</strong> Protection<br />
AG Air Gap 1<br />
RPBA Reduced Pressure Backflow Assembly 2<br />
RPDA Reduced Pressure Detector Assembly 2<br />
DCVA Double Check Valve Assembly 3<br />
DCDA Double Check Detector Assembly 3<br />
PVBA Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assembly 4<br />
AVB Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker 5<br />
Table 2 shows typical premises located within a water service area and the appropriate backflow<br />
device necessary to prevent contamination to the public water system.<br />
Table 2<br />
Premises Requiring Mandatory Service Protection<br />
Premises Protection Premises Protection<br />
Beverage Bottling <strong>Plan</strong>ts RPBA Nursing Homes RPBA<br />
Car Washes RPBA Petroleum Processing or Storage <strong>Plan</strong>ts RPBA<br />
Chemical <strong>Plan</strong>ts RPBA Piers and Docks RPBA<br />
Fire Sprinkler Services DCVA Radioactive Material Processing <strong>Plan</strong>ts<br />
Food Processing <strong>Plan</strong>ts DCVA or Nuclear Reactors<br />
RPBA<br />
Sewage Lift Stations RPBA Hospitals, Medical Centers and Clinics RPBA<br />
Sewage Pump Stations RPBA Sewage Treatment <strong>Plan</strong>ts RPBA<br />
Laboratories RPBA Tall Buildings (Over 30', Domestic <strong>Water</strong>) DCVA<br />
Metal Plating Industries RPBA Unapproved Auxiliary Supply RPBA<br />
Mortuaries<br />
RPBA<br />
Table 3 shows various facilities and the minimum level <strong>of</strong> required protection for each facility.<br />
Table 4 lists fixtures, equipment, and areas that have the potential to contaminate the public<br />
drinking water system. The table also shows the minimum protection required by the <strong>City</strong> to<br />
prevent such contamination.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 5 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Cross Connection Control <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:51)
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Table 3<br />
Facilities Requiring Backflow Protection<br />
Facilities Protection Facilities Protection<br />
Battery Manufacturing or Repair Facilities RPBA Film Processing Facilities RPBA<br />
Boat Marinas RPBA Ice Manufacturing <strong>Plan</strong>ts RPBA<br />
Canneries DCVA Mobile Home Parks DCVA<br />
Cold Storage <strong>Plan</strong>ts RPBA Packing Houses (Slaughter Houses) RPBA<br />
Commercial Laundries RPBA Paper Product <strong>Plan</strong>ts RPBA<br />
Concrete Mixing <strong>Plan</strong>ts DCVA Parks and Playgrounds DCVA<br />
Dairies DCVA Plasma Centers RPBA<br />
Dry Cleaners RPBA Sand and Gravel <strong>Plan</strong>ts DCVA<br />
Dry Docks RPBA Ship Repair Facilities RPBA<br />
Farms DCVA Shopping Centers DCVA<br />
Table 4<br />
Fixtures, Equipment and Areas with Backflow Potential<br />
Fixtures, Equipment and Areas Protection Fixtures, Equipment and Areas Protection<br />
Air Compressors DCVA Laboratory Equipment RPBA<br />
Air Conditioning <strong>System</strong>s RPBA Laundry Machines, Commercial RPBA<br />
Air Washers RPBA Lavatories AVB<br />
Aquarium Make-Up <strong>Water</strong> AG/RPBA Livestock Drinking Tanks AG/AVB<br />
Aspirators, Medical AVB Make-Up Tanks AG/RPBA<br />
Aspirators, Weedicide/Herbicide/Pesticide AVB Mobile Carpet Cleaners RPBA<br />
Autoclaves RPBA Mop Sinks AVB<br />
Autopsy Tables RPBA Outboard Motor Test Tanks AG/AVB<br />
Baptismal Founts AG/AVB Perchlorethylene Reclaim RPBA<br />
Bathtub, Below Rim Filler Not Allowed Pesticide Applicator Trucks AG/RPBA<br />
Bedpan Washers AVB Photo Developing Tanks and Sinks RPBA<br />
Beverage Dispensers using CO2 RPBA Photostat Equipment RPBA<br />
Bidets AG-Internal Pipette Washers AVB<br />
Boat Lifts RPBA Potato Peelers AVB<br />
Boiler Feed Lines AG/RPBA Poultry Feeders RPBA<br />
Bottle Washing Equipment RPBA Private Hydrants DCVA<br />
Box Hydrants PVBA/DCVA Processing Tanks AG/RPBA<br />
Brine Tanks AG/DCVA Pump Seal <strong>Water</strong> AG<br />
Can Washing Equipment AVB/PVBA Pumps, Pneumatic Ejector RPBA<br />
Chemical Feeder Tanks AG/RPBA Pump Prime Lines DCVA<br />
Chilled <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong>s RPBA Pumps, <strong>Water</strong> Operated Ejector RPBA<br />
Chlorinators RPBA Radiator Flushing Equipment RPBA<br />
Continued on Next Page<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Cross Connection Control <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:51) 6 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Cross-Connection Control Program<br />
Table Continued<br />
Fixtures, Equipment and Areas Protection Fixtures, Equipment and Areas Protection<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fee Urns AG/AVB Recreational Vehicle Dump Stations RPBA<br />
Computer Cooling Lines AG/RPBA Serrated Faucets AVB<br />
Condensate Tanks AG/RPBA Service Sinks AVB<br />
Cooking Kettles AG/AVB Sewer Connected Equipment AG<br />
Cooling Towers AG/RPBA Sewer Flushing AG<br />
Decorative Ponds AG/RPBA Shampoo Basins/Hose Rinse AVB<br />
Degreasing Equipment RPBA Showers, Telephone AVB<br />
Demineralized <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong>s RPBA Sitz Baths AVB<br />
Dental Cuspidors RPBA Soap Mixing Tanks AG/AVB<br />
Detergent Dispensers (Dishwasher) AVB Solar Heating <strong>System</strong>s RPVA<br />
Dialysis Equipment RPBA Solution Tanks AG/RPBA<br />
Dishwashers AVB Spas AG/RPBA<br />
Drinking Fountains AG Specimen Tanks AG/RPBA<br />
Dye Vats and Tanks AG/RPBA Starch Tanks AG/DCVA<br />
Dynamoters DCVA Stream-Air Sprays RPBA<br />
Emergency Generators RPBA Steam Cleaners RPBA<br />
Etching Tanks AG/RPBA Steam Ejectors RPBA<br />
Fermenting Tanks AG/RPBA Steam Generating Facilities RPBA<br />
Fertilizer Injection Equipment RPBA Sterilizers RPBA<br />
Film Processors RPBA Stills RPBA<br />
Fire Department Connections DCVA Sumps AG<br />
Fire Sprinkler <strong>System</strong>s DCVA Swimming Polls AG/RPBA<br />
Floor Drains AG Toilets (Internal) AG<br />
Flushing Floor Drains AVB Trap Primers AG<br />
Foamite <strong>System</strong>s RPBA Ultrasonic Baths AG<br />
Fountains, Ornamental AG/RPBA Urinals (Internal) AG<br />
Fume Hoods AVB Used <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong>s RPBA<br />
Garbage Can Washers AVB/PVBA Vats AG/AVB<br />
Garbage Disposals AVB Washing Pools AG/RPBA<br />
Heat Exchangers RPVA Wall Hydrants AVB<br />
Heat Pumps RPBA Wash Basins AG/AVB<br />
High Pressure Washers DCVA Wash-Up Sinks AG/AVB<br />
Hose Bibs AVB Wash Tanks AG/AVB<br />
Hoses, Kitchen Rinse AVB Wastewater Lines AG<br />
Hot Tubs AG/RPBA <strong>Water</strong>-Air Sprays DCVA<br />
Hot <strong>Water</strong> Heating <strong>System</strong>s RPBA <strong>Water</strong> Closets (Internal) AG<br />
Hot <strong>Water</strong> Boilers RPBA <strong>Water</strong> Cooled Equipment DCVA<br />
Humidifier Tanks and Boxes AG <strong>Water</strong> Ejectors RPBA<br />
Hydraulically Operated Equipment DCVA <strong>Water</strong> Recirculating <strong>System</strong>s DCVA<br />
Hydrotherapy Baths AVB <strong>Water</strong> Settling DCVA<br />
Ice Makers AG <strong>Water</strong> Treatment Tanks AG/RPBA<br />
Industrial Fluid <strong>System</strong>s RPBA <strong>Water</strong> Trucks DCVA<br />
Interties (Looped) <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong>s DCVA Wet Vacuum <strong>System</strong>s RPBA<br />
Irrigation <strong>System</strong>s AVB/PVBA Whirlpool Baths AVB<br />
Janitor Sinks AVB Windshield Washer Fluid Aspirators RPBA<br />
Kitchen Equipment AVB X-Ray Processors RPBA<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 7 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Cross Connection Control <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:51)
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Cross-Connection Control and Elimination<br />
This CCC program element requires that the purveyor eliminate existing cross-connections<br />
wherever possible. If elimination is not possible, then approved backflow devices should be<br />
installed properly to eliminate the risk <strong>of</strong> contamination.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will endeavor to eliminate potential cross-connections where possible. The <strong>City</strong> will<br />
not allow any potential cross-connection unless it is protected by an approved backflow device<br />
for which a permit has been issued. Owners shall be responsible for following the provisions<br />
<strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s cross-connection control program. In addition, owners shall be responsible for<br />
the elimination or protection <strong>of</strong> all cross-connections on their premises. The <strong>City</strong> will conduct<br />
an inventory <strong>of</strong> existing backflow devices that it currently operates, maintains, and inspects.<br />
This inventory will include all devices on a customers’ premise that are the responsibility <strong>of</strong><br />
the customer to maintain. The <strong>City</strong> will keep this inventory on file at the Public Works<br />
facility, and shall update the inventory as necessary.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> shall begin eliminating potential cross-connections and requiring installation <strong>of</strong><br />
backflow devices at all premises deemed to be “high-risk”, such as water service connections<br />
at sewage facilities. Once potential “high-risk” cross-connections are eliminated, the <strong>City</strong> will<br />
concentrate its efforts on reducing potential medium and low risk cross-connections.<br />
Personnel Certification<br />
WAC 246-290-490 requires that personnel, including one certified Cross-Connection Control<br />
Specialist (CCS), are provided by the purveyor to develop and implement a CCC program.<br />
Table 5 shows the <strong>City</strong>’s personnel certifications. Mr. Steven Leniszewski, Associate <strong>City</strong><br />
Engineer, and Mr. Mike Fisher, Public Works Superintendent, are both certified as Cross-<br />
Connection Control Specialists.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will continue to provide properly certified personnel to implement the CCC program.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> has certified staff to implement and maintain a CCC program as outlined by the<br />
State.<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Cross Connection Control <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:51) 8 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Cross-Connection Control Program<br />
Table 5<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Division Personnel Certification<br />
Name Position Certification<br />
Steve Schuller, P.E.<br />
Director <strong>of</strong> Public Works/<strong>City</strong> Engineer<br />
Steven Leniszewski, P.E. Associate <strong>City</strong> Engineer WDM2, CCS<br />
Jerry Marlette Public Works Supervisor WDM2<br />
Mike Fisher Public Works Superintendent WDM2, CCS<br />
Mike Marty Operations Manager WDM2<br />
Joe Chriest Maintenance 2<br />
Brad Lauer Maintenance 2<br />
Dustin Crawford Maintenance 1<br />
Kyle Carrigan Maintenance 1<br />
Certification Definitions<br />
WDM - <strong>Water</strong> Distribution Manager<br />
CCS - Cross Connection Control Specialist<br />
Backflow Device Inspection and Testing<br />
DOH requires that all backflow devices are routinely inspected and tested by certified personnel.<br />
Inspections are required at the time <strong>of</strong> installation, annually thereafter, after a backflow incident,<br />
and/or after the assembly is repaired, reinstalled, or relocated.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> is responsible for maintaining those devices that are installed on the public water<br />
distribution system, not including those devices installed after a meter on private premises.<br />
For devices installed on a customers’ premise, the customer shall contact the <strong>City</strong> requesting<br />
inspection and testing <strong>of</strong> said devices. The customer will be subject to all applicable<br />
inspection and testing fees as may be established. On new installations, the <strong>City</strong> will (1)<br />
provide on-site evaluation and/or inspection <strong>of</strong> plans in order to determine the type <strong>of</strong><br />
backflow device, if any, that will be required, (2) issue permits, and (3) perform inspection.<br />
For existing premises, the <strong>City</strong> will perform evaluations and inspections <strong>of</strong> plans and/or<br />
premises and inform owners by letter <strong>of</strong> any corrective action deemed necessary, the method<br />
<strong>of</strong> achieving the correction, and the time allowed for the correction to be made. Ordinarily,<br />
corrections must be made within sixty days; however, the <strong>City</strong> may shorten this time period<br />
depending on the degree <strong>of</strong> hazard involved and the history <strong>of</strong> the device(s) in question. The<br />
<strong>City</strong> will then inspect the premises on or after the expiration date <strong>of</strong> the required action to<br />
correct a cross-connection. If found to be not in compliance with the <strong>City</strong>’s request, the owner<br />
shall receive written notice that water service to the premises will be discontinued. If the<br />
owner informs the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> extenuating circumstances as to why the correction has not been<br />
completed within five working days <strong>of</strong> receipt <strong>of</strong> the notice <strong>of</strong> termination, the <strong>City</strong> may grant<br />
a time extension up to, but not exceeding, thirty days.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 9 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Cross Connection Control <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:51)
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Inspection and testing <strong>of</strong> devices shall be done (1) during the initial installation, (2) during<br />
on-site reviews <strong>of</strong> existing installations, (3) after any repairs or maintenance, (4) after any<br />
relocation, and (5) on an annual basis. When an initial installation or annual test indicates<br />
that a backflow device is not functioning properly, the owner shall correct the malfunction<br />
within five working days as directed by the <strong>City</strong>. The owner shall contact the <strong>City</strong> after<br />
correcting the problem for re-inspecting and testing <strong>of</strong> the device(s).<br />
The owner shall be responsible for the payment <strong>of</strong> all fees for (1) permits, (2) annual or semiannual<br />
device inspection/testing, (3) re-testing if the device fails to operate correctly, and (4)<br />
any re-inspections for non-compliance with <strong>City</strong> requirements. The fee for a backflow device<br />
permit shall be the same as the fee for a plumbing permit as specified in the <strong>Duvall</strong> Municipal<br />
Code. The <strong>City</strong> will continue to maintain records <strong>of</strong> backflow device inspections.<br />
Testing Quality Control Assurance Program<br />
This program element requires development and implementation <strong>of</strong> a quality control assurance<br />
program for the testing <strong>of</strong> backflow prevention devices. Successful implementation <strong>of</strong> this<br />
program element assures that all backflow prevention devices are tested in a similar manner and<br />
kept in optimal condition.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> shall ensure that all testing procedures are completed in a consistent manner. Only<br />
certified personnel shall be utilized to test all backflow devices. Testing shall be recorded on<br />
the proper forms and maintained at the Public Works facility. Examples <strong>of</strong> testing forms can<br />
be found in the AWWA “Recommended Practice for Backflow Prevention and Cross-<br />
Connection Control” manual. Personnel shall be trained as outlined by the State, fulfilling all<br />
necessary requirements in order to comply with WAC 246-290-490.<br />
Testing personnel shall adhere to the following steps: (1) use only properly operating and<br />
calibrated gauge equipment; (2) follow proper field test procedures; (3) consult the<br />
manufacturer’s repair and maintenance manual when disassembly is required; (4) use only<br />
original manufacturer spare parts; and (5) retest the backflow device immediately after repair<br />
or maintenance.<br />
In addition to the above steps, the following testing procedures shall be performed by a<br />
certified test personnel: (1) advise customer <strong>of</strong> an impending test/inspection so that the<br />
customer’s staff may participate; (2) notify the fire department when shut down <strong>of</strong> a fire<br />
service is necessary; (3) flush residential dirt through test cocks before attaching test gauges;<br />
(4) ensure that the high and low pressure bypass hoses <strong>of</strong> the test kit are connected to the<br />
proper test cocks and open test cocks slowly when bleeding air through the bypass hoses; (5)<br />
test gauges shall be properly calibrated by a certified testing agency; (6) and assemblies<br />
should be tested before the warranty expiration date. For further testing details, refer to the<br />
AWWA manual.<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Cross Connection Control <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:51) 10 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Cross-Connection Control Program<br />
Incident Response<br />
This CCC program element requires that the purveyor develop a backflow incident response<br />
plan. The following paragraph outlines the <strong>City</strong>’s response to a backflow incident. Other<br />
emergency response procedures are included in the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> Emergency Response <strong>Plan</strong>.<br />
Emergency Condition : <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Contamination Due to a Backflow Incident<br />
Impact on <strong>System</strong> : Potentially major impact. <strong>Water</strong> not suitable for potable use - loss <strong>of</strong><br />
supply.<br />
Emergency Response :<br />
1. Notify the <strong>City</strong> CCS personnel <strong>of</strong> the incident.<br />
2. Shut down the affected mains, if possible, to contain the affected<br />
contaminants.<br />
3. Notify DOH <strong>of</strong> the backflow incident.<br />
4. Notify all customers <strong>of</strong> the problem and instruct them to boil all water<br />
to be used for consumption and cooking or issue a no-drinking<br />
warning.<br />
5. Flush affected water mains to remove contaminants.<br />
6. Disinfect reservoirs and water mains, as necessary, to remove<br />
contaminated residuals.<br />
7. Analyze water quality in other parts <strong>of</strong> the distribution system to<br />
ensure that all contaminants were contained.<br />
This document (and the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> Emergency Response <strong>Plan</strong>) outlines procedures to be<br />
followed if an emergency arises. When a cross-connection control emergency is called into<br />
the <strong>Duvall</strong> Police Department, or other emergency responder during non-business hours, the<br />
responder will notify the Public Works Department on-call person. This person will assess the<br />
emergency and notify any water division personnel, as deemed necessary, depending on the<br />
severity <strong>of</strong> the emergency. All emergencies will be reported to Mr. Steven Leniszewski,<br />
Associate <strong>City</strong> Engineer. This person will be responsible for coordinating with water division<br />
personnel, as well as other emergency responders, if necessary.<br />
Public Education<br />
Another CCC program requirement is that educational information <strong>of</strong> the CCC program be<br />
included in existing water system materials that are distributed to customers. Educational<br />
materials can be included in pamphlets, brochures, bill inserts, public service announcements,<br />
and consumer confidence reports.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will develop education materials and include them as bill inserts.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 11 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Cross Connection Control <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:51)
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Record Keeping<br />
Purveyors must also develop and maintain records <strong>of</strong> their CCC program, as mandated by DOH.<br />
At a minimum, purveyors must maintain the following records:<br />
• Master list <strong>of</strong> service connections and/or premises where backflow devices are<br />
protecting the public water system.<br />
• Assessed hazard level <strong>of</strong> each backflow device.<br />
• Inventory information on approved air gaps that includes location, degree <strong>of</strong> hazard,<br />
installation date, inspection history, inspection results, and personnel conducting<br />
inspections.<br />
• Backflow inventory information that includes location, assembly description,<br />
installation date, inspection history, test and repair history, test results, and inspecting<br />
personnel.<br />
• Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker (AVB) inventory that includes location, description,<br />
installation date, inspection history, and inspecting personnel.<br />
• Program summary and backflow incident reports.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> currently maintains some program records including backflow device inspection<br />
reports. The <strong>City</strong> will keep records as required by the new CCC program. At a minimum the<br />
<strong>City</strong> will maintain the following information: (1) installation date <strong>of</strong> devices, (2) location <strong>of</strong><br />
backflow devices, (3) inspection and testing reports <strong>of</strong> backflow devices, (4) performances <strong>of</strong><br />
backflow devices, and (5) performance <strong>of</strong> licensed testers. All records will be on file at the<br />
Public Works facility to allow access by water system personnel.<br />
Reclaimed <strong>Water</strong> Requirements<br />
The final CCC program requirement is for systems that distribute or receive reclaimed water<br />
within their water service area. For these systems, additional cross-connection control<br />
requirements may be imposed by DOH in any permits issued in accordance with Chapter 90.46<br />
RCW.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> currently does not distribute or receive reclaimed water within its service area;<br />
therefore, these requirements are not applicable. However, if reclaimed water is used in the<br />
future, then the <strong>City</strong> will follow all requirements <strong>of</strong> the permits issued under Chapter 90.46<br />
RCW.<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Cross Connection Control <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:51) 12 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Cross-Connection Control Program<br />
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s cross-connection control program is an ongoing effort that requires staffing and<br />
resources to ensure its effectiveness in protecting the quality <strong>of</strong> drinking water in the distribution<br />
system. It is recommended that the first step the <strong>City</strong> takes is to update its cross-connection<br />
control ordinance. The language in this ordinance needs to be updated to reflect the<br />
requirements <strong>of</strong> WAC 246-290-490 and adopt the CCC program outlined in this document. In<br />
addition, the <strong>City</strong> should reference the American <strong>Water</strong> Works Association (AWWA) manual<br />
entitled, “Recommended Practice for Backflow Prevention and Cross-Connection Control<br />
(AWWA M14)” for the development <strong>of</strong> its updated CCC program ordinance.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> should also adopt a hazard evaluation program based on risk to the public drinking<br />
water supply. This evaluation should rank existing and potential cross-connections as high,<br />
medium and low risk. Based on the results <strong>of</strong> this evaluation, the <strong>City</strong> should then begin an<br />
elimination program, eliminating the high-risk cross-connections first.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> should also continue its inspection practices <strong>of</strong> installed approved backflow devices.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> should continue documenting inspections in order to comply with the regulatory<br />
requirements.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> currently meets the regulatory requirement <strong>of</strong> having at least one CCS (crossconnection<br />
specialist) within the water division to administer its CCC program. The <strong>City</strong> is<br />
encouraged to continue its active training program in order to comply with these requirements.<br />
Finally, it is recommended that the <strong>City</strong> update its public education materials to include<br />
information on the <strong>City</strong>’s CCC program. The <strong>City</strong> could either add CCC program information to<br />
bill inserts and handouts distributed to customers or create a separate CCC program handout.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 13 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Cross Connection Control <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:51)
WATER SHORTAGE RESPONSE PLAN
CHAPTER 2<br />
WATER DESIGN STANDARDS<br />
JUNE 1995<br />
Prepored by:<br />
Hommond, Collier & Wode - Llvlngslone Assocloles, Inc.<br />
4010 Slone WoY Norlh<br />
Seollle, Woshinglon 98103
CHAPTER 2<br />
WATER DESIGN STANDARDS<br />
TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />
SECTION 1: 2-0.00 WATER........................................................................................................... 2<br />
2-0.10 General ............................................................................................................................. 2<br />
2-0.20 Design Standards.............................................................................................................. 3<br />
2-0.30 Connection to Existing <strong>Water</strong> Main ................................................................................. 3<br />
2-0.40 Service Interruption.......................................................................................................... 3<br />
2-0.50 <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> ....................................................................................................................3<br />
2-0.60 Hydrants ........................................................................................................................... 6<br />
2-0.70 Valves................................................................................................................................ 9<br />
2-0.80 Pressure Reducing Stations and Pressure Reducing Valves .......................................... 10<br />
2-0.90 Service Connection ......................................................................................................... 11<br />
2-1.00 Steel Casing ....................................................................................................................13<br />
2-1.10 Galvanized Iron Pipe...................................................................................................... 13<br />
2-1.20 Blow<strong>of</strong>f Assembly............................................................................................................ 13<br />
2-1.30 Concrete Bedding and Blocking ..................................................................................... 13<br />
2-1.40 Joint Restraint.................................................................................................................14<br />
2-1.50 Backflow Prevention....................................................................................................... 14<br />
2-1.51 Reduced Pressure Backflow Assembly with Detector .................................................... 14<br />
2-1.52 Double Check Valve Assembly ....................................................................................... 15<br />
2-1.53 Double Check Valve Assembly with Detector ................................................................ 15<br />
2-1.54 Backflow Device Resilient Seated Shut-<strong>of</strong>f Valves ......................................................... 15<br />
2-1.60 <strong>Water</strong> Main/Sanitary Sewer Crossings........................................................................... 16<br />
2-1.70 Staking ............................................................................................................................ 16<br />
2-1.71 Trench Excavation.......................................................................................................... 16<br />
2-1.80 Backfilling....................................................................................................................... 17<br />
2-1.81 Controlled Density Fill................................................................................................... 18<br />
2-1.82 Temporary Street Patching............................................................................................. 18<br />
2-1.83 Trench Backfill and Restoration..................................................................................... 18<br />
2-1.90 Hydrostatic Tests ............................................................................................................ 20<br />
2-2.00 Sterilization and Flushing <strong>of</strong> <strong>Water</strong> Mains..................................................................... 21<br />
SECTION 2: GENERAL NOTES FOR CONSTRUCTION PLANS (WATER MAIN<br />
INSTALLATION).............................................................................................................................. 22<br />
SECTION 3: WATER SYSTEM APPROVED MATERIALS LIST................................................ 23<br />
1.i
SECTION 1:<br />
2-0.00 WATER<br />
CHAPTER 2<br />
WATER DESIGN STANDARDS<br />
2-0.10 General<br />
Any extension <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> must be<br />
approved by the Department <strong>of</strong> Public Works. All extensions<br />
must conform to Department <strong>of</strong> Health guidelines, the East King<br />
County Coordinated <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>, <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>, and <strong>Duvall</strong>-King County Fire<br />
District No. 45 requirements. All work performed in King County<br />
road right-<strong>of</strong>-way must conform to the most recent edition <strong>of</strong> the<br />
King County Road Standards.<br />
In designing and planning for any development, it is the<br />
developers responsibility to see that adequate water for both<br />
domestic use and fire protection is attainable. The developer<br />
must show, in the proposed plans, how water will be supplied<br />
and whether adequate water pressure will be attained in case <strong>of</strong><br />
fire. An analysis performed by the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> the system may be<br />
required if it appears that the system might be inadequate. The<br />
developer shall be assessed any and all applicable fees for the<br />
analysis.<br />
Anyone who wishes to extend or connect to the <strong>City</strong>’s water<br />
system should contact the Department <strong>of</strong> Public Works for a<br />
water extension/connection fee estimate. This fee estimate is an<br />
estimate <strong>of</strong> the costs due the <strong>City</strong> for a waterline extension or<br />
connection. A copy <strong>of</strong> the estimate form may be found in the<br />
appendix.<br />
Prior to the release <strong>of</strong> any water meters, all Public Works<br />
improvements must be completed and approved including<br />
granting <strong>of</strong> right-<strong>of</strong>-way or easements, and all applicable fees<br />
must be paid.<br />
Issuance <strong>of</strong> building permits for new construction <strong>of</strong> single family<br />
residences shall not occur until final Public Works approval is<br />
given. For commercial projects, building permits may be issued<br />
upon completion and acceptance <strong>of</strong> the required fire protection<br />
facilities. A construction bond, in accordance with Section<br />
9.02.020 <strong>Duvall</strong> Municipal Code (DMC), will be required for the<br />
remaining public works improvements. Certificate <strong>of</strong> occupancy<br />
2
will not be issued until final Public Works approval is given for all<br />
improvements.<br />
2-0.20 Design Standards<br />
The design <strong>of</strong> any water extension/connection shall conform to<br />
<strong>City</strong> Standards and any applicable standards as set forth herein<br />
and in Title 9 <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> Municipal Code.<br />
The layout <strong>of</strong> extensions shall provide for the future continuation<br />
and/or “looping” <strong>of</strong> the existing system as determined by the<br />
<strong>City</strong>. Utility mains shall be extended to and through the<br />
extremes <strong>of</strong> the property being developed. Main extensions shall<br />
be extended as required in Section 9.02.030 D.M.C.<br />
The General Notes at the end <strong>of</strong> this chapter shall be included on<br />
any plans dealing with water system design.<br />
2-0.30 Connection to Existing <strong>Water</strong> Main<br />
The developer’s engineer shall be responsible for determining the<br />
scope <strong>of</strong> work for connection to existing water mains.<br />
It shall be the Contractor’s responsibility to field verify the<br />
location and depth <strong>of</strong> the existing main and the fittings required<br />
to make connections to the existing mains.<br />
2-0.40 Service Interruption<br />
The Contractor shall give the <strong>City</strong> a minimum <strong>of</strong> 72 hours notice<br />
<strong>of</strong> any planned connection to an existing pipeline. This includes<br />
all cut-ins and live taps. Notice is required so any disruptions to<br />
existing services can be scheduled. The <strong>City</strong> will notify<br />
customers involved or affected <strong>of</strong> the water service interruption.<br />
The Contractor shall make every effort to schedule water main<br />
construction with minimum interruption <strong>of</strong> water service. In<br />
certain situations, the <strong>City</strong> may dictate scheduling <strong>of</strong> water main<br />
shutdowns so as not to impose unnecessary shutdowns during<br />
specific periods to existing customers.<br />
2-0.50 <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong><br />
A. Materials: All materials shall be new and undamaged. The<br />
same manufacturer <strong>of</strong> each item shall be used throughout<br />
the work.<br />
Where reference is made to other specifications, it shall be<br />
the latest revision at the time <strong>of</strong> construction, except as<br />
noted on the plans or herein.<br />
3
All materials not specifically referenced shall comply with<br />
applicable sections <strong>of</strong> ANSI, ASTM, AWWA or the<br />
APWA/WSDOT Standard Specifications.<br />
Approved manufacturers and model numbers <strong>of</strong> various<br />
materials are listed in Approved Materials List <strong>of</strong> this<br />
chapter. When specific manufacturers or models are listed,<br />
no substitutions will be allowed without prior approval by<br />
the <strong>City</strong> Engineer.<br />
B. Main Line: <strong>Water</strong> mains shall be sized to provide adequate<br />
domestic and fire flow demands at the required residual<br />
pressure. Fire flow requirements will be determined by<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong>-King County Fire District 45; however, the quantity <strong>of</strong><br />
water required will in no case be less than 1000 gpm at 20<br />
psi residual pressure for single family residential areas.<br />
The minimum water main size shall be 8 inches diameter as<br />
long as fire flow requirements can be met. Larger size mains<br />
are required in specific areas outlined in the <strong>Comprehensive</strong><br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Nothing shall preclude the <strong>City</strong> from<br />
requiring the installation <strong>of</strong> a larger sized main in areas not<br />
addressed in the <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> if the<br />
<strong>City</strong> determines a larger size is needed to meet fire protection<br />
requirements or for future service.<br />
C. Dead End Line: No dead end line shall be less than 4 inch<br />
diameter or longer than 200 lineal feet. Fire protection must<br />
be attainable for all lots from main line hydrants and it is<br />
apparent that the main will not be extended at any time in<br />
the future.<br />
D. All pipe for water mains shall have flexible gasketed joints<br />
and shall comply with the following:<br />
Ductile Iron Pipe: Ductile iron pipe shall conform to AWWA<br />
C 151 thickness Class 52 and have a cement mortar lining<br />
conforming to AWWA C 104. All pipes shall be joined at a<br />
minimum using non-restrained joints which shall be rubber<br />
gasketed, push-on type or mechanical joint, conforming to<br />
AWWA C 111.<br />
The Contractor shall furnish certification from the<br />
manufacturer <strong>of</strong> the pipe and gasket being supplied that the<br />
inspection and all <strong>of</strong> the specified tests have been made and<br />
the results there<strong>of</strong> comply with the requirements <strong>of</strong> the<br />
above referenced standards.<br />
E. All fittings for ductile iron pipe shall be ductile iron compact<br />
(short body) fittings conforming to AWWA C153 or Class 250<br />
4
gray iron conforming to AWWA C110 and C111. All fittings<br />
shall be cement mortar lined conforming to AWWA C 104.<br />
Plain end fittings shall be ductile iron if mechanical joint<br />
retainer glands are installed on the plain ends. All fittings<br />
shall be connected by flanges or mechanical joints.<br />
Rubber gaskets for push-on-joints or mechanical joint (M.J.)<br />
shall be in accordance with AWWA C111.<br />
Gasket material for flanges shall be neoprene, Buna N,<br />
chlorinated butyl, or cloth-inserted rubber.<br />
The type <strong>of</strong> connections shall be specified on the plans as<br />
push-on joint, mechanical joint (M.J.), plain end (P.E.),<br />
flanged (FL), and threaded.<br />
F. Polyethylene encasement shall be eight mil. tube or sheet<br />
stock and shall be furnished with all D.I. pipe unless<br />
otherwise specified. Materials shall comply with AWWA<br />
C105.<br />
G. The minimum cover for all water mains from top <strong>of</strong> pipe to<br />
finish grade shall be 42 inches, and maximum depth <strong>of</strong> 60<br />
inches, unless otherwise approved.<br />
H. Couplings: Flexible couplings and transition coupling cast<br />
components shall be ductile iron. Center rings and end<br />
rings shall be ductile iron in accordance with ASTM 536-80,<br />
Grade 65-45-12.<br />
Gasket material shall be virgin SBR in accordance with<br />
ASTM D2000 3 BA715.<br />
Bolts shall be high strength, low alloy steel trackhead bolts<br />
with national course rolled thread and heavy hex nuts. Steel<br />
shall meet AWWA/ANSI C111/A21.11 composition<br />
specifications.<br />
I. Adapters: All flange by mechanical joint (FL x MJ) adapters<br />
and asbestos cement by mechanical joint (AC x MJ or Hub x<br />
MJ) adapters shall be ductile iron.<br />
J. Bolts in Piping: Bolts shall be malleable iron Cor-ten, or<br />
stainless steel.<br />
T-bolts shall be malleable iron Cor-ten in accordance with<br />
AWWA/ANSI C111/A21.11. Stainless steel bolts shall meet<br />
the requirements <strong>of</strong> ASTM A-307, Grade A. Shackle rods,<br />
nuts, and washers shall be hot-dipped galvanized in<br />
accordance with AASHTO M232 and coated thoroughly with<br />
coal-tar/asphaltic material.<br />
5
Stainless steel nuts, bolts, and washers shall be type 304.<br />
2-0.60 Hydrants<br />
A. All buildings constructed in the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> or areas<br />
served water by the <strong>Duvall</strong> water system shall be served by<br />
fire hydrants. Such fire hydrants shall be served by the <strong>City</strong><br />
or by other adequate means as approved by the <strong>City</strong><br />
Engineer and <strong>Duvall</strong>-King County Fire District 45.<br />
B. The lead from the service main to the fire hydrant shall be<br />
ductile iron cement mortar lined Class 52 no less than 6<br />
inches in diameter, with a maximum length <strong>of</strong> lead <strong>of</strong> 50<br />
feet. (DMC 9.02.030).<br />
C. Fire hydrants shall have two, 2-1/2 inch outlets and one 4<br />
inch pumper port outlet. All outport threads shall be<br />
National Standard thread. The valve opening shall be 5-1/4<br />
inch diameter. The hydrant shall have a positive and<br />
automatic barrel drain and shall be <strong>of</strong> the “safety” or breakaway<br />
style. (DMC 9.02.030).<br />
Hydrants shall be M & H Reliant Style 929, or Mueller A-<br />
423(MJ), with 4” Stortz quarter turn fitting. All hydrants<br />
shall be bagged until system is approved.<br />
D. The Department <strong>of</strong> Public Works and <strong>Duvall</strong>-King County<br />
Fire District 45 work together to ensure that adequate<br />
hydrant spacing and installation are achieved.<br />
Unless otherwise required by the governing authority, the<br />
following guidelines shall apply for hydrant number and<br />
location:<br />
1. At least one hydrant shall be installed at all<br />
intersections.<br />
2. All hydrants newly installed in a single family residential<br />
area shall be supplied by not less than eight (8) inch<br />
circulating mains. Dead end mains supplying fire<br />
hydrants must be at least eight (8) inches in diameter,<br />
except hydrant leads up to fifty (50) feet long may be six<br />
(6) inches in diameter.<br />
3. Hydrant spacing <strong>of</strong> 600 feet shall be required for single<br />
family residential areas.<br />
4. The installation <strong>of</strong> fire hydrants in accordance with this<br />
Ordinance shall be required <strong>of</strong> the owner and/or<br />
developer <strong>of</strong> any future business, commercial,<br />
institutional, or industrial facility.<br />
6
When any portion <strong>of</strong> a proposed building is in excess <strong>of</strong><br />
200 feet from a public street right-<strong>of</strong>-way, on-site<br />
hydrants shall be required. Such hydrants shall be<br />
located per <strong>Duvall</strong>-King County Fire District 45 and<br />
easements for such hydrants, leads, and water mains,<br />
shall be granted to the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
a) Buildings having required fire flows <strong>of</strong> less than<br />
2500 gpm, may have fire hydrants on one side <strong>of</strong><br />
the building only.<br />
b) When the required fire flow is over 2500 gpm, the<br />
fire hydrants shall be served by a main which loops<br />
around the building or complex <strong>of</strong> buildings and<br />
reconnects back into the distribution main.<br />
c) The number <strong>of</strong> fire hydrants shall be determined on<br />
an average spacing <strong>of</strong> three hundred (300) feet<br />
computed on an imaginary line parallel to and not<br />
less than fifty (50) feet from the structure. All<br />
hydrants are to be accessible to fire department<br />
pumpers over roads capable <strong>of</strong> supporting such fire<br />
apparatus. The <strong>City</strong> Engineer shall determine the<br />
location <strong>of</strong> the fire hydrants depending on utility,<br />
topography, and building location. Hydrants shall<br />
be a minimum <strong>of</strong> fifty (50) feet out from the<br />
building, minor deviations may be granted.<br />
d) The lead from the service main to the hydrant shall<br />
be no less than six (6) inches in diameter. Any<br />
hydrant leads over fifty (50) feet in length from<br />
service to the hydrant shall be no less than eight (8)<br />
inches in diameter. The provisions <strong>of</strong> this part<br />
shall apply without exception and regardless <strong>of</strong> the<br />
size <strong>of</strong> the service main.<br />
e) Fire hydrants shall be set as shown in standard<br />
detail 2-060-001.<br />
f) For requirement regarding use, size, and location <strong>of</strong><br />
a fire department connection (FDC) and/or post<br />
indicator valve, contact <strong>Duvall</strong>-King County Fire<br />
District 45. Location <strong>of</strong> FDC shall be shown on<br />
water plans.<br />
g) Where needed, the Department <strong>of</strong> Public Works or<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong>-King County Fire District 45 may require<br />
hydrants to be protected by two or more posts,<br />
each four inches in diameter by five feet in height<br />
made <strong>of</strong> either reinforced concrete or steel pipe<br />
filled with concrete.<br />
7
h) Fire hydrants must be installed, tested, and<br />
accepted prior to the issuance <strong>of</strong> a building permit.<br />
(DMC 13.60.170).<br />
I) Fire hydrants shall be installed with an auxiliary<br />
gate valve between the service main and the<br />
hydrant sufficient to permit repair and replacement<br />
<strong>of</strong> the hydrant without disruption <strong>of</strong> water service.<br />
The location <strong>of</strong> all valves and fire hydrants installed<br />
shall be properly and accurately marked on<br />
identifiable plans or drawings.<br />
j) Hydrants shall stand plumb, be set to the finished<br />
grade with the lowest outlet <strong>of</strong> the hydrant no less<br />
than eighteen (18) inches above grade and no less<br />
than thirty-six (36) inches <strong>of</strong> clear area about the<br />
hydrant for clearance <strong>of</strong> a hydrant wrench on all<br />
outlets and on the control valve. The pumper port<br />
shall face the street. Where the street cannot be<br />
clearly defined or recognized, the port shall face the<br />
most likely route <strong>of</strong> approach and location <strong>of</strong> the<br />
fire truck while pumping as determined by the <strong>City</strong><br />
Engineer.<br />
k) Fire hydrants shall be installed at the ends <strong>of</strong> dead<br />
end lines which are more than three hundred (300)<br />
feet in length. Said hydrants may later be moved to<br />
conform to standard spacing requirements when<br />
the main is again extended, under supervision <strong>of</strong><br />
the Superintendent.<br />
l) All fire hydrants installed as required by these<br />
standards shall be served by the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
unless conditions warrant a waiver <strong>of</strong> this<br />
provision.<br />
m) The installation <strong>of</strong> private hydrants as defined<br />
herein shall be limited to those cases when the<br />
number <strong>of</strong> public hydrants installed under the<br />
distance provision <strong>of</strong> this Ordinance shall be<br />
insufficient in number. Private hydrants shall meet<br />
<strong>City</strong> requirements for public hydrants and shall be<br />
located as designated by the approving authority.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> shall have the right to go upon<br />
the premises and to use the private hydrant for<br />
public purposes, including testing, flushing, and<br />
emergency uses.<br />
n) No one shall plant any vegetation, erect any<br />
structure, or perform any action which results in<br />
8
obstructing the view <strong>of</strong> a fire hydrant for a distance<br />
<strong>of</strong> fifty (50) feet. The owner and/or occupant <strong>of</strong> any<br />
area in which a hydrant is located shall be<br />
responsible for removing weed and tree growth from<br />
around the hydrant for a distance <strong>of</strong> not less than<br />
ten (10) feet. The purpose <strong>of</strong> this part is to<br />
maintain a clear visual area around the hydrant.<br />
2-0.70 Valves<br />
All valves and fittings shall be ductile iron with ANSI flanges or<br />
mechanical joint ends. All existing valves shall be operated by<br />
<strong>City</strong> employees only.<br />
Valves shall be installed in the distribution system at sufficient<br />
intervals to facilitate system repair and maintenance, but in no<br />
case shall be less than one valve every 1000 feet. Generally,<br />
there shall be two valves on each tee and three valves on each<br />
cross. Specific requirements for valve spacing will be made at the<br />
plan review stage.<br />
A. Gate Valves, 4 inch to 12 inch. The design, materials, and<br />
workmanship <strong>of</strong> all gate valves shall conform to AWWA<br />
C509-80 latest revision. Gate valves shall be resilient wedge<br />
non-rising stem (NRS) with two internal O-ring stem seals.<br />
Gate valves shall be Mueller or M & H.<br />
Gate valves shall be used on all 4-inch to 12-inch lines.<br />
B. Butterfly valves shall conform to ANSI/AWWA C504, Class<br />
150, with cast iron short body and “O” ring stem seal.<br />
Valves in chambers shall have a manual crank operation.<br />
Buried valves shall have a stem extension with AWWA 2-inch<br />
operating nut and suitable valve box. Butterfly valves shall<br />
be Mueller.<br />
Butterfly valves shall be used on all lines 14 inches and<br />
larger.<br />
C. Valve Box. All valves shall have a standard APWA cast iron<br />
water valve box set to grade with slip type, cast iron riser<br />
from valve. Valve box shall have a lug type cover, 8” top and<br />
24” bottom. If valves are not set in paved area, a 3 foot by 3<br />
foot by 4 inch concrete pad shall be set around each valve<br />
box at finished grade. In areas where valve box falls in road<br />
shoulder, the ditch and shoulder shall be graded before<br />
placing asphalt or concrete pad. See standard drawing 2-<br />
070-001.<br />
9
D. Valve Operating Nut Extension. Use where valves are<br />
installed more than 3’ below finished grade. Extensions are<br />
to be a minimum <strong>of</strong> 1’ with only one extension per valve.<br />
E. Valve Marker Post. Valve marker posts shall be 4 inch x 4<br />
inch reinforced concrete posts 5 feet long stamped with “W”<br />
and distance to valve. Post shall be painted with 1 base coat<br />
and 2 coats blue oil base enamel. See standard drawing 2-<br />
070-002.<br />
F. Check Valve. Check valves shall be for 150 psi working<br />
pressure, unless otherwise specified. Valve shall have<br />
adjustable tension lever and spring to provide non-slamming<br />
action under all conditions unless otherwise specified.<br />
G. Air and Vacuum Release Valve. Air and vacuum release<br />
valves (ARV) shall be APCO 145C combination air release<br />
valve. Installation shall be as shown on standard drawings.<br />
The installation shall be set at the high point <strong>of</strong> the line<br />
when required. Where possible pipes are to be graded to<br />
limit the number <strong>of</strong> ARV’s needed.<br />
2-0.80 Pressure Reducing Stations and Pressure Reducing Valves<br />
A. Unless otherwise noted in <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>s, a<br />
standard pressure reducing station shall have a Cla-Val<br />
model 90G-01 ABCSKC 6” pressure reducing valve with<br />
threaded ends. Pressure reducing valves shall have flow<br />
opening/closing speed controls, epoxy coated body, and<br />
valve position indicator. Pressure reducing valves, 3” and<br />
smaller, shall be equipped with stainless steel trim (seat,<br />
stem, and cover bearing). Pilot controls shall be on side <strong>of</strong><br />
PRV facing vault interior.<br />
Strainers shall be installed on the inlet side <strong>of</strong> each pressure<br />
reducing valve. The bypass shall be fitted with bronze ball<br />
valves sized to correspond with the bypass inlet and outlet<br />
size. A 2” Cla-Val model 50G-01KC pressure relief valve with<br />
threaded ends shall be installed on the discharge side <strong>of</strong> the<br />
2” pressure reducing valve line for all pressure reducing<br />
stations servicing the 450 and 330 pressure zones (refer to<br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> for pressure zone boundaries).<br />
Strainers shall be iron bodied “Y” type equal in size to<br />
corresponding pressure reducing valve. Strainer shall<br />
feature bolted cover machined to hold screen securely in<br />
place and tapped with iron pipe threads for corporation stop.<br />
Screen shall be constructed from perforated stainless steel.<br />
10
Main-line strainer shall have flanged-ends and bypass<br />
strainer shall have threaded ends.<br />
The vault shall be equal to Utility Vault Co. model 687-LA<br />
with cover as specified in the standard detail. Vault exterior<br />
shall be coated with coal tar enamel, or equal. See standard<br />
drawings.<br />
B. Individual Pressure Reducing Valve (Residential). When<br />
individual lot pressure exceeds 80 psi, an individual<br />
pressure reducing valve shall be installed and shall be<br />
direct-action piston type with integral strainer and bypass.<br />
Valve body shall be bronze with threaded outlet end and<br />
integral union on inlet end. Valve shall be line-sized with<br />
spring range from 25 to 75 psi. Individual pressure reducing<br />
valves shall be Wilkens 600 series, Watts U5, or approved<br />
equal.<br />
A Ford Tandem Copper Setter Model No. TV-172-15W and all<br />
other appurtenances shall be as shown in the Standard<br />
Drawing 2-080-001.<br />
C. Individual Pressure Reducing Valve (Multi-Family or<br />
Commercial). Individual pressure reducing valve (PRV) shall<br />
be Mueller Model H-9300 or an approved equal. An<br />
individual PRV shall be preceded by a strainer. PRV’s shall<br />
be direct-acting and diaphragm actuated with a spring<br />
mechanism for a range <strong>of</strong> 25-85 psi. Valve shall be line<br />
sized. Valve body shall be cast bronze with inside iron pipe<br />
threads on both ends. All other appurtenances shall be as<br />
shown in the standard drawing 2-080-001.<br />
2-0.90 Service Connection<br />
A. All service connections relating to new development shall be<br />
installed by the developer at the time <strong>of</strong> mainline<br />
construction. After the lines have been constructed, tested,<br />
and approved, the Owner may apply for a water meter. The<br />
<strong>City</strong> will install a water meter after the application has been<br />
made and all applicable fees have been paid. <strong>Water</strong> meters<br />
will be set only after system is inspected and approved.<br />
B. When water is desired to a parcel fronting an existing main<br />
but not served by an existing setter, an application must be<br />
made to the <strong>City</strong>. Upon approval <strong>of</strong> the application and<br />
payment <strong>of</strong> all applicable, fees, the <strong>City</strong> will allow tapping <strong>of</strong><br />
the main, and installation <strong>of</strong> the meter, box, and setter.<br />
C. Corporation stop shall be all bronze and shall be Ford,<br />
Mueller, or approved equal in accordance with AWWA<br />
11
Standard C800 with AWWA tapered thread (CC) inlet by<br />
compression fitting for copper outlet, complete with coupling<br />
nut for copper service for single services and with iron pipe<br />
threads conforming to AWWA C800 for dual services.<br />
Corporation stops for 1” tap shall be either the plug-type or<br />
ball valve type. Corporation stops for 1-1/2” and 2” tap shall<br />
be the ball valve type.<br />
For plastic PE pipe, the corporation stop shall be with AWWA<br />
tapered thread (CC) inlet by Insta-Tite outlet. All joints with<br />
plastic pipe shall be made utilizing stainless steel inserts<br />
along with couplings or adapters.<br />
D. Service saddle shall be all bronze with stainless steel straps<br />
and shall be Romac style 202S, Rockwell 313 or approved<br />
equal. All clamps shall have rubber gasket and iron pipe<br />
threaded outlets.<br />
E. Service lines shall be either copper or high density<br />
polyethylene pipe, such as Phillips Drisco 5100 ultraline.<br />
All copper pipe for underground water service 2” or less shall<br />
be seamless conforming to ASTM B88 (ANSI H33.1) Type “K”<br />
annealed tubing.<br />
Copper service pipe 2-1/2” or larger shall be Type K hard<br />
drawn, 20’ lengths.<br />
All high density polyethylene pipe for underground water<br />
service 1” or less shall be manufactured from ultrahigh<br />
molecular weight, high density polyethylene resin PE 3408.<br />
It shall meet the requirements <strong>of</strong> Type III, Class C, category<br />
5-P34 polyethylene as defined by ASTM specification D-1248<br />
and D-2239. Minimum pressure class 200 psi. No glued<br />
joints will be accepted. Tracer tape shall be installed on all<br />
service lines.<br />
F. Master meters will not be allowed for service to more than<br />
one per building. An approved backflow prevention system<br />
must be installed in conjunction with any master meter.<br />
Deviations to this may be granted by the <strong>City</strong> Engineer.<br />
G. Meter Setter. Meter setters (1” and smaller) shall have<br />
double purpose couplings, unless otherwise specified, angle<br />
meter valve with drilled wings for padlock, twelve (12”)<br />
inches high. The angle copper setter for the size meter to be<br />
installed, see Standard Details.<br />
1-1/2” meter setters shall have vertical inlet and outlet tees<br />
with 1” lateral bypass, flanged ball meter valves on inlet and<br />
12
outlet, ball valve on bypass, and padlock wings on all valves,<br />
see Standard Details 2-090-003.<br />
H. Meter Box. Concrete and steel diamond plate frame meter<br />
boxes shall be complete with lid as specified in the standard<br />
details.<br />
2-1.00 Steel Casing<br />
Steel casing shall be black steel pipe conforming to ASTM A53.<br />
Casing wall thickness shall be 0.250 inch for casings 24 inches<br />
or less in diameter and 0.375 inch for casings over 24 inches in<br />
diameter.<br />
Carrier pipe for water shall be Ductile Iron, Class 52. Carrier<br />
pipe for sanitary sewer shall be P.V.C., AWWA C900.<br />
Pipe spacers shall be Cascade style CC5 with 8-inch runners as<br />
available from Cascade <strong>Water</strong>works. Casing pipe and spacers<br />
shall be sized for pipe being installed. Install minimum <strong>of</strong> three<br />
spacers per section <strong>of</strong> pipe.<br />
2-1.10 Galvanized Iron Pipe<br />
Where galvanized iron pipe is specified, the pipe shall be<br />
standard weight, Schedule 40, steel pipe per Standard<br />
Specification for black and hot-dipped, zinc-coated (galvanized)<br />
welded and seamless steel pipe for ordinary uses (ASTM A-120).<br />
Fittings shall be screwed malleable iron galvanized per ANSI<br />
B16.3. Galvanized pipe shall be used only for dry pipe in<br />
pressure relief and vacuum breaker assemblies.<br />
2-1.20 Blow<strong>of</strong>f Assembly<br />
If a fire hydrant is not located at the end <strong>of</strong> a dead end main, a<br />
blow<strong>of</strong>f assembly shall be required. On water mains which will<br />
be extended in the future, the valve which operates the blow<strong>of</strong>f<br />
assembly shall be the same size as the main and provided with a<br />
concrete thrust block. The pressure rating for blow<strong>of</strong>f assemblies<br />
shall be 200 psi. Installation shall be as shown on standard<br />
drawing 2-120-001.<br />
2-1.30 Concrete Bedding and Blocking<br />
Bedding, blocking, encasement, or slope anchor concrete shall be<br />
mixed from materials acceptable to the Engineer and shall have a<br />
30-day compressive strength <strong>of</strong> not less than 2,500 psi. The mix<br />
shall contain five (5) sacks <strong>of</strong> cement per cubic yard and shall be<br />
<strong>of</strong> such consistency that the slump is between 1 inch and 5<br />
inches. All concrete shall be mechanically mixed.<br />
13
Location <strong>of</strong> thrust blocking shall be shown on plans. Thrust<br />
block concrete shall be poured against undisturbed earth. A<br />
plastic barrier shall be placed between all thrust blocks and<br />
fittings. See standard detail numbers 2-130-001, 2-130-002,<br />
and 2-130-003 for thrust block locations and calculations.<br />
2-1.40 Joint Restraint<br />
Joint restraint methods shall be as per the approved materials<br />
list and/or the Standard Drawings.<br />
2-1.50 Backflow Prevention<br />
All water system connections to serve buildings or properties with<br />
domestic potable water, fire sprinkler systems, or irrigation<br />
systems shall comply with the minimum backflow requirements<br />
as established by the Department <strong>of</strong> Health (DOH) and the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Duvall</strong>.<br />
The installation <strong>of</strong> all backflow devices is required to protect the<br />
existing water system and users from possible contamination.<br />
All approved Reduced Pressure Backflow Assemblies are listed on<br />
the most current copy <strong>of</strong> “Accepted Cross-Connection Control<br />
Assemblies” published by Washington State Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Health. The assembly shall include a tightly closing resilient<br />
seated shut-<strong>of</strong>f valve on each end <strong>of</strong> the body and each assembly<br />
shall be fitted with four properly located resilient seated test<br />
cocks.<br />
All other appurtenances shall be as shown in the standard detail<br />
2-151-001.<br />
Public Works shall get the certificate <strong>of</strong> testing <strong>of</strong> any backflow<br />
prevention device before releasing the certificate <strong>of</strong> occupancy on<br />
any building. A list <strong>of</strong> approved testers may be obtained from<br />
Washington Environmental Training Resource Center (WETRC)<br />
located in Auburn, Washington.<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong>-King County Fire District 45 will test the fire line and<br />
obtain the certificate for underground piping. In any situation,<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong>-King County Fire District 45 will not test their portion <strong>of</strong><br />
underground until Public Works has tested and approved their<br />
main up to the fire line.<br />
2-1.51 Reduced Pressure Backflow Assembly with Detector<br />
This assembly shall include a line-sized D.O.H. approved (listed<br />
on the most current copy <strong>of</strong> “Accepted Cross-Connection Control<br />
Assemblies” published by Washington State Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Health. Reduced Pressure Backflow Assembly with a parallel<br />
14
3/4” meter and 3/4” D.O.H. approved Reduced Pressure<br />
Backflow Assembly. Each assembly shall include a tightly<br />
closing resilient seated shut-<strong>of</strong>f valve on each end <strong>of</strong> the body and<br />
each assembly shall be fitted with four properly located resilient<br />
seated test cocks.<br />
All other appurtenances shall be as shown in standard detail 2-<br />
151-001.<br />
2-1.52 Double Check Valve Assembly<br />
All Double Check Valve Assemblies shall be the one listed on the<br />
most current copy <strong>of</strong> “Accepted Cross-Connection Control<br />
Assemblies” published by Washington D.O.H. The assembly<br />
shall include a tightly closing resilient seated shut-<strong>of</strong>f valve on<br />
each end <strong>of</strong> the body and each assembly shall be fitted with four<br />
properly located resilient seated test cocks.<br />
2-1.53 Double Check Valve Assembly with Detector<br />
This assembly shall include a line sized D.O.H. approved (listed<br />
on the most current copy <strong>of</strong> “Accepted Cross-Connection Control<br />
Assemblies” published by Washington Department <strong>of</strong> Health<br />
Double Check Valve Assembly with a parallel 3/4” meter and<br />
3/4” approved double check valve assembly. Each assembly<br />
shall include a tightly closing resilient seated shut-<strong>of</strong>f valve on<br />
each end <strong>of</strong> the body and each assembly shall be fitted with four<br />
properly located resilient seated test cocks.<br />
All other appurtenances shall be as shown in the standard detail.<br />
2-1.54 Backflow Device Resilient Seated Shut-<strong>of</strong>f Valves<br />
Each valve shall be marked with model number with designation<br />
<strong>of</strong> resilient seat; such as “RS” or “R”, which must be cast,<br />
molded, or affixed onto the body or bonnet <strong>of</strong> the valve. All<br />
ferrous bodied valves shall be coated with a minimum <strong>of</strong> 4 mils.<br />
<strong>of</strong> epoxy or equivalent polymerized coating. 2” and smaller<br />
R.P.B.A.s and D.C.V.A.s shall use ball valves, and all 2-1/2” and<br />
larger R.P.B.A.s and D.C.V.A.s shall use resilient seated gate<br />
valves for domestic supply and resilient seated O.S. and Y. valves<br />
for firelines.<br />
The minimum requirements for all resilient seated gate valves<br />
shall, in design, material, and workmanship, conform to the<br />
standards <strong>of</strong> AWWA C509.<br />
15
2-1.60 <strong>Water</strong> Main/Sanitary Sewer Crossings<br />
The Contractor shall maintain a minimum <strong>of</strong> 18 inches <strong>of</strong> vertical<br />
separation and 10 feet <strong>of</strong> horizontal separation between sanitary<br />
sewers and water mains. The minimum cover for water main <strong>of</strong><br />
42 inches may be reduced to 24 inches upon approval by the <strong>City</strong><br />
Engineer to provide for as much vertical separation as possible.<br />
The longest standard length <strong>of</strong> water pipe shall be installed so<br />
that the joints will fall equidistant from any sewer crossing. In<br />
some cases where minimum separation cannot be maintained, it<br />
may be necessary to encase the water pipe and/or sewer service<br />
in a carrier pipe or concrete. No concrete shall be installed<br />
unless specifically directed by the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
2-1.70 Staking<br />
All surveying and staking shall be performed by an engineering or<br />
surveying firm capable <strong>of</strong> performing such work. The engineer or<br />
surveyor directing such work shall be licensed as a Pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />
Engineer or Pr<strong>of</strong>essional Land Surveyor by the State <strong>of</strong><br />
Washington.<br />
A preconstruction meeting shall be held with the <strong>City</strong> prior to<br />
commencing staking. All construction staking shall be inspected<br />
by the <strong>City</strong> prior to construction.<br />
The minimum staking <strong>of</strong> waterlines shall be as directed by the<br />
<strong>City</strong> Engineer or as follows:<br />
A. Stake centerline alignment every 50 feet with cut or fill to<br />
invert <strong>of</strong> pipe maintaining 42 inches <strong>of</strong> cover over pipe. Cuts<br />
are normally not required when road grade has been built to<br />
subgrade elevation.<br />
B. Stake alignment <strong>of</strong> all fire hydrants, tees, water meters,<br />
setters and other fixtures and mark cut or fill to hydrant<br />
flange finished grade.<br />
2-1.71 Trench Excavation<br />
A. Clearing and grubbing where required shall be performed<br />
within the easement or public right-<strong>of</strong>-way as permitted by<br />
the <strong>City</strong> and/or governing agencies. Debris resulting from<br />
the clearing and grubbing shall be disposed <strong>of</strong> by the owner<br />
or contractor in accordance with the terms <strong>of</strong> all applicable<br />
permits.<br />
B. Trenches shall be excavated to the line and depth designated<br />
by the <strong>Plan</strong>s to provide a minimum <strong>of</strong> 42 inches <strong>of</strong> cover over<br />
the pipe. Except for unusual circumstances where approved<br />
16
y the <strong>City</strong>, the trench sides shall be excavated vertically and<br />
the trench width shall be excavated only to such widths as<br />
are necessary for adequate working space as allowed by the<br />
governing agency. The trench shall be kept free from water<br />
until joining is complete. Surface water shall be diverted so<br />
as not to enter the trench. The owner shall maintain<br />
sufficient pumping equipment on the job to ensure that<br />
these provisions are carried out.<br />
C. The Contractor shall perform all excavation <strong>of</strong> every<br />
description and whatever substance encountered and<br />
boulders, rocks, roots, and other obstructions shall be<br />
entirely removed or cut out to the widths <strong>of</strong> the trench and to<br />
a depth 6 inches below water main grade. Where materials<br />
are removed from below water main grade, the trench shall<br />
be backfilled to grade with pit run sand and gravel and<br />
thoroughly compacted.<br />
D. Trenching and shoring operations shall not proceed more<br />
than 100 feet in advance <strong>of</strong> pipe laying without approval <strong>of</strong><br />
the <strong>City</strong>, and shall be in conformance with Washington<br />
Industrial Safety and Health Administration (WISHA) and<br />
Office <strong>of</strong> Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Safety<br />
Standard.<br />
E. The bottom <strong>of</strong> the trench shall be finished to grade with<br />
hand tools in such a manner that the pipe will have bearing<br />
along the entire length <strong>of</strong> the barrel. The bell holes shall be<br />
excavated with hand tools to sufficient size to make up the<br />
joint.<br />
2-1.80 Backfilling<br />
Backfilling and surface restoration shall closely follow installation<br />
<strong>of</strong> pipe so that not more than 100 feet is left exposed during<br />
construction hours without approval <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>. Selected backfill<br />
material shall be placed and compacted around and under the<br />
water mains by hand tools to a height <strong>of</strong> 6 inches above the top<br />
<strong>of</strong> the water main. The remaining backfill shall be compacted to<br />
95 percent <strong>of</strong> the maximum density modified proctor in traveled<br />
areas, 90 percent outside traveled area. Where governmental<br />
agencies other than the <strong>City</strong> have jurisdiction over roadways, the<br />
backfill and compaction shall be done to the satisfaction <strong>of</strong> the<br />
agency having jurisdiction. If suitable backfill material is not<br />
available from trenching operations or temporary traffic control<br />
and traffic safety issues exist, the <strong>City</strong> may order the placing <strong>of</strong><br />
bedding around the water main and gravel base or controlled<br />
density fill for backfilling the trench.<br />
17
2-1.81 Controlled Density Fill<br />
Controlled density fill (CDF aka, flowable fill) shall be a mixture <strong>of</strong><br />
portland cement, flyash (optional), aggregates, and water. It shall<br />
be proportioned to provide a grouty, non-segregating, free<br />
flowing, self-consolidating and excavatable material that will<br />
result in a non-settling fill which has measurable unconfined<br />
compressive strength. Unless otherwise specified, unit weights<br />
shall range from 125 lbs. per cubic foot to 155 lbs. per cubic foot.<br />
Materials testing shall be with unconfined compressive test<br />
cylinders. Test data may be either laboratory trail batch test data<br />
or field test data.<br />
Specific mix designs may be required at the Engineer’s discretion.<br />
The unconfined compressive strength at 28 days shall be a<br />
minimum <strong>of</strong> 50 psi and a maximum <strong>of</strong> 100 psi. Material shall be<br />
a sand/grout slurry proportioned to be hand-excavatable after<br />
long-term strength gain.<br />
2-1.82 Temporary Street Patching<br />
Temporary restoration <strong>of</strong> trenches shall be accomplished by<br />
using 2” Class B Asphalt Concrete Pavement when available or 2”<br />
medium-curing (MC-250) Liquid Asphalt (cold mix), 2” Asphalt<br />
Treated Base (ATB), or steel plates.<br />
ATB used for temporary restoration may be dumped directly into<br />
the trench, bladed and rolled. After rolling, the trench must be<br />
filled flush with the existing asphalt concrete pavement to provide<br />
a smooth riding surface.<br />
All temporary patches shall be maintained by the Contractor<br />
until such time as the permanent pavement patch is in place. If<br />
the Contractor is unable to maintain a patch for whatever reason,<br />
the <strong>City</strong> will patch it at actual cost plus overhead and materials.<br />
2-1.83 Trench Backfill and Restoration<br />
Trench restoration shall be either by a patch or patch plus<br />
overlay as required by the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
A. All trench and pavement cuts shall be made by spade bladed<br />
jackhammer or sawcuts. The cuts shall be a minimum<br />
distance outside the trench width as prescribed by the <strong>City</strong><br />
Engineer.<br />
B. All trenching shall be backfilled with crushed surfacing<br />
materials conforming to the WSDOT/APWA Standard<br />
Specifications. The trench shall be compacted to 95 percent<br />
18
maximum density, as described in Section 2-03 <strong>of</strong> the<br />
WSDOT/APWA Standard Specifications.<br />
If the existing material is determined by the <strong>City</strong> to be<br />
suitable for backfill, the Contractor may use the native<br />
material except that the top 8 inches <strong>of</strong> trench below the<br />
crushed surfacing layer shall be 1-1/4 inch minus ballast.<br />
All trench backfill materials shall be compacted to 95%<br />
density.<br />
Backfill compaction shall be performed in 6 inch lifts.<br />
Replacement <strong>of</strong> the asphalt concrete or portland concrete<br />
cement shall be <strong>of</strong> existing depth plus 1 inch or 3 inches,<br />
whichever is greater.<br />
C. Tack shall be applied to the existing pavement and edge <strong>of</strong><br />
cut and shall be emulsified asphalt grade CSS-1 as specified<br />
in the WSDOT/APWA Standard Specifications. Tack coat<br />
shall be applied as specified in the WSDOT/APWA Standard<br />
Specifications.<br />
D. Asphalt concrete Class B shall be placed on the prepared<br />
surface by an approved paving machine and shall be in<br />
accordance with the applicable requirements <strong>of</strong> the<br />
WSDOT/APWA Standard Specifications, except that<br />
longitudinal joints between successive layers <strong>of</strong> asphalt<br />
concrete shall be displaced laterally a minimum <strong>of</strong> 12 inches<br />
unless otherwise approved by the <strong>City</strong> Engineer. Fine and<br />
coarse aggregate shall be in accordance with the<br />
WSDOT/APWA Standard Specifications. Asphalt concrete<br />
over 2 inches thick shall be placed in equal lifts not to<br />
exceed 2 inches each.<br />
All street surfaces, walks or driveways within the street<br />
trenching areas affected by the trenching shall be feathered<br />
and leveled to an extent that provides a smooth-riding<br />
connection and expedites drainage flow for the newly paved<br />
surface. Leveling and feathering as required by the <strong>City</strong><br />
Engineer shall be accomplished by raking out the oversized<br />
aggregates from the Class B mix as appropriate.<br />
Surface smoothness shall be per the WSDOT/APWA<br />
Standard Specifications.<br />
E. All joints shall be sealed using paving asphalt AR4000W.<br />
F. When trenching within the roadway shoulder(s), the<br />
shoulder shall be restored to its original or better condition.<br />
19
G. The final patch shall be completed as soon as possible and<br />
shall be completed within 30 days after first opening the<br />
trench. This time frame may be adjusted if delays are due to<br />
inclement paving weather, or other adverse conditions that<br />
may exist. However, delaying <strong>of</strong> final patch <strong>of</strong> overlay work<br />
is allowable only subject to the <strong>City</strong> Engineer’s approval.<br />
2-1.90 Hydrostatic Tests<br />
The <strong>City</strong> Engineer or his representative will inspect and observe<br />
the hydrostatic test <strong>of</strong> the pipe within 24 hours after notification<br />
by the Contractor that a section is ready for inspection and test.<br />
The Contractor shall contact the Engineer at least 24 hours in<br />
advance <strong>of</strong> the completion <strong>of</strong> sterilization and flushing and his<br />
representative shall be present when water samples are taken.<br />
Prior to the acceptance <strong>of</strong> the work, the installation shall be<br />
subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test <strong>of</strong> 240 psi for 15 minutes<br />
at the high point in the line and any leaks or imperfections<br />
developing under said pressure shall be remedied by the<br />
Contractor before final acceptance <strong>of</strong> the work. No air will be<br />
allowed in the lines. The mains shall be tested between valves.<br />
Ins<strong>of</strong>ar as possible, no hydrostatic pressure shall be placed<br />
against the opposite side <strong>of</strong> the valve being tested. Test pressure<br />
shall be maintained while the entire installation is inspected.<br />
The Contractor shall provide all necessary equipment and shall<br />
perform all work connected with the test. Tests shall be made<br />
after all valved connections have been made. At unvalved<br />
connection points, a temporary plug (or 2” blow-<strong>of</strong>f assembly on<br />
lines without hydrants) shall be installed at the end <strong>of</strong> the new<br />
main. This shall include concrete blocking necessary to<br />
withstand pressures encountered during the hydrostatic test.<br />
Once the new line is successfully tested and disinfected, the plug<br />
(blow-<strong>of</strong>f) shall be removed and the connection to the existing<br />
main completed. For approval, pressure shall not drop more<br />
than 2 psi for 15 minutes. The Contractor shall perform the test<br />
to assure that the equipment to be used for the test is adequate<br />
and in good operating condition and the air in the lines has been<br />
released before requesting the <strong>City</strong> Engineer witness the test.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> Engineer shall witness the test; if the test does not pass<br />
inspection for any reason, additional trips required to witness the<br />
test shall be done at the Contractor’s expense.<br />
The Contractor shall provide special plugs and blocking<br />
necessary in those locations where it would be necessary to test<br />
against butterfly valves to ensure that the pressure rating <strong>of</strong><br />
these valves is not exceeded during testing.<br />
20
2-2.00 Sterilization and Flushing <strong>of</strong> <strong>Water</strong> Mains<br />
Sterilization <strong>of</strong> water mains shall be accomplished by the<br />
Contractor in accordance with the requirements <strong>of</strong> the State<br />
Health Department and in a manner satisfactory to the <strong>City</strong><br />
Engineer. The section to be sterilized shall be thoroughly flushed<br />
at maximum flow established by the <strong>City</strong> Engineer prior to<br />
chlorination. Flushing period must be approved by the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
Sections will ordinarily be sterilized between adjacent valves<br />
unless, in the opinion <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> Engineer, a longer section may<br />
be satisfactorily handled. Chlorine shall be applied by solution<br />
feed at one end <strong>of</strong> the section with a valve or hydrant at the<br />
opposite end open sufficiently to permit a flow through during<br />
chlorine application. The chlorine solution shall be fed into the<br />
pipeline already mixed by an automatically proportioning<br />
applicator so as to provide a steady application rate <strong>of</strong> not less<br />
than 60 ppm chlorine. Hydrants along the chlorinated section<br />
shall be open during application until the presence <strong>of</strong> chlorine<br />
has definitely been detected in each hydrant run. When a<br />
chlorine concentration <strong>of</strong> not less than 50 ppm has been<br />
established throughout the line, the valves shall be closed and<br />
the line left undisturbed for 24 hours.<br />
As an alternative, the Contractor may use granulated chlorine.<br />
Granulated chlorine (dry calcium hypochlorite at 65% - 70%<br />
chlorine) shall be placed in the pipe to yield a dosage <strong>of</strong> not less<br />
than 50 ppm. The number <strong>of</strong> ounces <strong>of</strong> 65% test calcium<br />
hypochlorite required for a 20-foot length <strong>of</strong> pipe equals .00843ld,<br />
in which “d” is the diameter in inches. The line shall then be<br />
thoroughly flushed and water samples taken for approval by the<br />
local health agency. Flushing period must be approved by the<br />
<strong>City</strong>. The Contractor shall exercise special care in flushing to<br />
avoid damage to surrounding property to conform to <strong>Water</strong><br />
Quality Considerations.<br />
Should the initial treatment result in an unsatisfactory<br />
bacteriological test, additional chlorine using the first procedure<br />
shall be repeated by the Contractor until satisfactory results are<br />
obtained. The Contractor shall be responsible for disposal <strong>of</strong><br />
treated water flushed from mains and at no time shall<br />
chlorinated water from a new main be flushed into a body <strong>of</strong><br />
fresh water. This is to include lakes, rivers, streams, storm<br />
drainage systems and any and all other waters where fish or<br />
other natural water life can be expected. Disposal may be made<br />
to any available sanitary sewer provided the rate <strong>of</strong> disposal will<br />
not overload the sewer.<br />
21
Main extensions shall not be connected to the <strong>City</strong> water system<br />
until pressure and bacteriological tests have passed all required<br />
standards.<br />
SECTION 2:<br />
GENERAL NOTES FOR CONSTRUCTION PLANS (WATER MAIN<br />
INSTALLATION)<br />
1. All workmanship and material shall be in accordance with <strong>City</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> standards and the most current copy <strong>of</strong> the State <strong>of</strong><br />
Washington/APWA Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge,<br />
and Municipal Construction.<br />
2. A preconstruction meeting shall be held with the <strong>City</strong> prior to<br />
the start <strong>of</strong> construction.<br />
3. It shall be the responsibility <strong>of</strong> the Contractor to locate or have<br />
located by the appropriate companies all utilities prior to<br />
beginning construction.<br />
Call Underground Locate at 1-800-424-5555 a minimum <strong>of</strong> 48<br />
hours prior to any excavations.<br />
4. <strong>Water</strong> pipe shall be ductile iron pipe standard thickness Class<br />
52 cement-lined unless otherwise specified and shall conform to<br />
ANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51.<br />
5. Gate valves shall be resilient wedge, NRS (Non Rising Stem)<br />
with O-rings seals. Valve ends shall be mechanical joint or<br />
ANSI flanges. Valves shall conform to AWWA 509-80. Valves<br />
shall be Mueller, M & H, Clow R/W or <strong>Water</strong>ous Series 500.<br />
6. Fittings shall be ductile iron short body compact conforming to<br />
AWWA C110, C11 and C153 and shall be cement-mortar lined<br />
conforming to AWWA C104.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will be given 72 hours notice prior to scheduling a<br />
shutdown. Where connections require “field verification”,<br />
connection points will be exposed by Contractor and fittings<br />
verified 48 hours prior to distributing shut-down notices.<br />
7. Fire hydrants shall conform to AWWA C501 and shall be <strong>of</strong><br />
standard manufacture and <strong>of</strong> a pattern approved by <strong>Duvall</strong>,<br />
with Stortz 4” quarter turn fitting. Hydrants shall be M & H<br />
Reliant Style 929 or Mueller A-423 (MJ). Hydrants shall be<br />
bagged until system is approved.<br />
8. All lines shall be disinfected, flushed, and pressure tested in<br />
conformance with WSDOT/APWA standards and specifications.<br />
All pipe shall be tested at 240 psi. The Contractor shall furnish<br />
all temporary plugs, testing devices, etc. The <strong>City</strong> shall be<br />
22
present for all testing. The <strong>City</strong> will take purity tests, and<br />
connection will be authorized following passing <strong>of</strong> the tests.<br />
The Contractor shall not operate any valve or part <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong><br />
water system without notification and specific supervision <strong>of</strong><br />
the <strong>City</strong> utility superintendent. The Contractor shall make all<br />
connections to the system required after making arrangements<br />
with the <strong>City</strong> in advance. Work and procedures shall conform<br />
to APWA Sec. 7-11.3(9).<br />
9. Installation <strong>of</strong> pipe, fittings and valves, hydrants, and<br />
appurtenances shall conform to WSDOT/APWA standard<br />
specifications. Cover shall be 42 inches over the top <strong>of</strong> pipe<br />
unless otherwise noted on plans. In the event grade revision<br />
following water main construction results in cover over the<br />
water main <strong>of</strong> less than 3 feet or in excess <strong>of</strong> 5 feet, the water<br />
main shall be reconstructed by the Owner to conform to the<br />
specifications <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>. All added costs <strong>of</strong><br />
inspecting such water main reconstruction shall be charged to<br />
the developer.<br />
10. Prior to construction <strong>of</strong> any water mains, the lot corners shall<br />
be staked and water main locations established by survey, cost<br />
<strong>of</strong> which is to be borne by the developer.<br />
11. To maintain the required alignment, use short lengths and<br />
deflect the joints or use necessary bends.<br />
12. Bedding material meeting the requirements for rigid pipe shall<br />
be placed under the pipe and to a depth <strong>of</strong> at least 8 inches over<br />
the top <strong>of</strong> the pipe. The bedding materials hall be rammed and<br />
tamped around the pipe by the use <strong>of</strong> shovels or other approved<br />
hand-held tools so as to provide firm and uniform support over<br />
the full length <strong>of</strong> all pipe, valves, and fittings. Care shall be<br />
taken to prevent any damage to the pipe or its protective<br />
coating. Pea gravel is not an acceptable bedding material.<br />
13. Separation <strong>of</strong> water and sewer mains shall conform to W.D.O.E.<br />
standards or special construction requirements.<br />
14. Services, blow-<strong>of</strong>fs, and miscellaneous details shall be shown<br />
on the drawings or standard plans.<br />
SECTION 3:<br />
WATER SYSTEM APPROVED MATERIALS LIST<br />
The following manufacturers have been approved for use for<br />
water and sewer. Where specific manufacturers are listed no<br />
other manufacturer may be used without prior approval by the<br />
Utility.<br />
23
DUCTILE IRON PIPE<br />
All manufacturers that meet the performance requirements<br />
specified under the material section <strong>of</strong> the standards.<br />
DUCTILE IRON FITTINGS<br />
All manufacturers that meet the performance requirements<br />
specified under the material section <strong>of</strong> the standards.<br />
GALVANIZED IRON PIPE<br />
All manufacturers that meet the performance requirements<br />
specified under the material section <strong>of</strong> the standards.<br />
JOINT RESTRAINT SYSTEMS<br />
EBAA Iron (MEGALUG Series 1100)<br />
Griffin Pipe Products Company (Snap-Lok, Bolt-Lok)<br />
Romac (Grip Ring)<br />
Star National Products (Shackle Products)<br />
US Pipe (TR FLEX)<br />
COUPLINGS<br />
Romac, Dresser<br />
STAINLESS STEEL REPAIR BANDS<br />
Romac, Ford<br />
CASING INSULATORS<br />
Pipeline Seal and Insulator Co.<br />
8” band Model C8G<br />
12” band Model C12G<br />
Cascade <strong>Water</strong>works Mfg. Co.<br />
Stainless Steel Casing Spacers (catalog number depends on<br />
size)<br />
CASING END SEALS<br />
Pipeline Seal and Insulator Co.,<br />
Standard Pull-on (Model S)<br />
Custom Pull-on (Model G)<br />
24
GATE VALVES<br />
All manufacturers that meet the performance requirements<br />
specified under the material section <strong>of</strong> the standards.<br />
PRV STATION<br />
• PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES<br />
CLA-VAL 90G-01ABCSKC } 6”<br />
CLA-VAL 90G-01ACSKC } 2”<br />
• STRAINERS<br />
MEUSSCO 751 } 6”<br />
MEUSSCO 11-BC } 2”<br />
(With brass or stainless steel perforated screen, 1/16” diameter, 144 holes per<br />
square inch)<br />
• PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES<br />
CLA-VAL 50G-01KC } 2”<br />
INDIVIDUAL PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES (Residential)<br />
Wilkins 600 with built-in bypass.<br />
INDIVIDUAL PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES (Commercial)<br />
• PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES<br />
Mueller H-9300, No. 2 setting<br />
• PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES<br />
CLA-VAL 55F<br />
SERVICE SADDLES<br />
1” tap: Romac 101S<br />
Ford FS101 (4” through 8” mains)<br />
1-1/2” & Romac 202S<br />
2” tap Ford FS202<br />
CORPORATION STOPS<br />
1” size: Ford F1000, FB1000<br />
Mueller No. H-15008<br />
1-1/2” size: Ford Ballcorp FB400<br />
Mueller Oriseal No. H-9968<br />
2” size: Ford Ballcorp FB400<br />
Mueller Oriseal No. H-9968<br />
25
ANGLE METER VALVES<br />
1-1/2” Irrigation: Ford FV13-666W<br />
Mueller 1-1/2” H-14286<br />
2” Irrigation: Ford FV13-777W<br />
Mueller 2” H-14286<br />
VALVE BOXES<br />
Rich Manufacturing Co. #940<br />
BUTTERFLY VALVES<br />
All manufacturers that meet the performance requirements<br />
specified under the material section <strong>of</strong> the standards.<br />
CHECK VALVES<br />
Rennselaer List 340<br />
AIR AND VACUUM RELEASE VALVES<br />
APCO No. 143-C, Val-Matic No. 201C, Crispin U10<br />
FIRE HYDRANTS<br />
Mueller Centurion<br />
M&H 129T or 929<br />
METER SETTERS<br />
5/8” X 3/4”: (horizontal):<br />
Ford V72-12W, TV-172-15W<br />
Mueller 5/8” x 3/4” No. H-1404 x 12 with multi-purpose<br />
connection No. H-14222<br />
5/8” x 3/4” (vertical):<br />
Ford V72-82 x 12W<br />
1” x 1” (horizontal):<br />
Ford V74<br />
Mueller 1” No. H-1404 x 12 with multi-purpose connection<br />
No. H-14222<br />
1” x 1” (vertical):<br />
1-1/2” Domestic:<br />
2” domestic:<br />
26
METER BOXES<br />
1” X 3/4” Service: Fog-Tite 1-D<br />
Fog-Title B-10T<br />
Fog-Tite J-20S<br />
Brooks 3614<br />
1” x 1” Service: Fog-Tite B-10D<br />
Fog-Tite B-10%<br />
1-1/2” and 2” Fog-Tite No. 2<br />
Domestic: Fog-Tite No. 2T<br />
1-1/2” and 2” Fog-Tite No. 2<br />
Irrigation: Fog-Tite No. 2T<br />
Concrete boxes equal to those manufactured by Brooks may be<br />
substituted for above Fog-Tite models.<br />
REDUCED PRESSURE BACKFLOW ASSEMBLIES<br />
As approved on the most current Department <strong>of</strong> Social and<br />
Health Services list for cross connection devices.<br />
DOUBLE CHECK VALVE ASSEMBLIES<br />
As approved on the most current Department <strong>of</strong> Social and<br />
Health Services list for cross connection devices.<br />
RESILIENT SEATED SHUT-OFF VALVES<br />
All manufacturers that meet the performance requirements<br />
specified under the material section <strong>of</strong> the standards.<br />
PVC PIPE (ASTM D3034) 4” - 15”<br />
All manufacturers that meet the performance requirements<br />
specified under the material section <strong>of</strong> the standards.<br />
PVC PIPE (ASTM F679) 18” - 27”<br />
All manufacturers that meet the performance requirements<br />
specified under the material section <strong>of</strong> the standards.<br />
PVC PIPE (AWWA C900) 4” - 12”<br />
All manufacturers that meet the performance requirements<br />
specified under the material section <strong>of</strong> the standards.<br />
AWWA C900 FITTINGS AND MANHOLE ADAPTERS<br />
Head Manufacturing (Idaho)<br />
Vassallo (Florida)<br />
27
CONTROLLED DENSITY (FLOWABLE) FILL<br />
Stoneway, CADMAN<br />
RECYCLED CONCRETE (FOR USE AS CRUSHED SURFACING<br />
BASE COURSE MATERIAL)<br />
Stoneway Recycling<br />
Renton Recycling (with certification that the material is free <strong>of</strong><br />
contaminants)<br />
28
z<br />
F<br />
o-<br />
o-<br />
3'0rA.<br />
GRAVEL<br />
PAD<br />
51/4" MVO HYORANT (MUELLER<br />
4-423 MIL OR MsdI RELIANT STYLE 929)<br />
4" STORTZ 1/4 TURN FTTnNG<br />
BREAKER FLANGE,4" _ 6,' ABOVE FINISHED GRADE<br />
HYDRANT EXTENSION<br />
LENGIH AS REQ'D<br />
CAST IRON 2-PIECE<br />
VALVE BOX.<br />
TAR PAPER OR<br />
PLASTIC<br />
1 1/2" WASHED<br />
ROCK<br />
12"x12"x4"<br />
CONCREIE BLOCK<br />
---.1 vnnheLe<br />
Z-Jl + UIA. IIE i
GRADE<br />
EXTENSIONS W/ ROCK PLATE ARE REOUIRED WHEN<br />
THE VALVE NUT IS MORE THAN 30" INCHES BELOW<br />
FINISHED GRADE. EXTENSIONS ARE TO BE A<br />
MTNTMUM OF ONE (1) FOOT LONC. ONLY ONE<br />
EX1ENSION TO BE USED PER VALVE. OPERAI1NG<br />
NUT TO BE WITHIN 3O'' OF FINISHEO GRAOE.<br />
I/J<br />
TOTAL LENGTH<br />
2'' SQUARE<br />
ROCK PLATE _-<br />
4 1 /4" OtA.<br />
1/8" MrN. THTCKNESS<br />
r " soLtD<br />
METAL STOCK<br />
LENGTHAS REQUIRED<br />
ALL EXTENSIONS ARE TO BE MADE OF<br />
STEEL SIZED AS NOTED, AND PAINT<br />
ENNRE EXTENSION ASSEMBLY WTH<br />
TWO COATS OF CARBON ELASTIC<br />
(AICO #222) OR APPROVED EOUAL.<br />
2<br />
2<br />
1/4" INSIDE MEASUREMENT<br />
1/4" OEPTH<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> Duval<br />
VALVE OPERATING<br />
NUT EXTENSION DETAIL<br />
sTlloAFD Fl|l. 2-dtll
ALIGN VALVE BOX EARS IN THE DIRECTION<br />
OF THE WATER MAIN (AS SHOW\)<br />
-6 -+<br />
VALVE BOX<br />
MAIN<br />
VALVE BOX EAR DETAIL<br />
DISTANCE<br />
TO VALVE<br />
VALVE MARKER POST<br />
NOTES:<br />
1 VALVE MARKER POST PER VALVE.<br />
q WAIER MAIN<br />
VALVE MARKER POST SHALL BE A FOGTITE VALVE MARKER OR APPROVED EQUAL.<br />
lHE POST SHALL BE SET AT RIGHT ANGLES TO THE ROADWAY FROM THE VALVE<br />
AND SHALL 8E SITUATED IN A SAFE ANO REASONABLY CONSPICUOUS LOCATION.<br />
PAINT VALVE MARKER WTH 2 COATS SAFETY YELLOW.<br />
STENCIL DISTANCE (TO lHE NEAREST FOOT) TO THE<br />
LINE VALVE IN 2" BLACK CAPITAL LETTERS.<br />
VALVE BOX FOR BUTTERFLY VALVES TO BE LOCATED<br />
ON NORTH AND EAST SIDE OF MAIN.<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> DuvalX<br />
VALVE MARKER<br />
POST DETAIL<br />
SIAI'AE)<br />
?!A2-O'H
1,_O'' FROM SIDEWALK<br />
OR BACKSIDE OF DITCH<br />
TEEL LIO<br />
UNION<br />
4' OF 1<br />
WASH E D<br />
1 /2"<br />
R OCK<br />
UNION<br />
GENERAL NOTTS<br />
ALL PIPE ANO FITIINGS FROM THE MAIN TO IHE AIR & VACUUM VALVE<br />
SHATL BI BRASS WITH IP THREADS,<br />
AIR AND VACUUM VALVE ASSEMBLY MUST BE INSTALLED AT HIGHEST POINT IN LINT, IF HIGH<br />
POINT FALLS IN LOCATION WHIRI ASSEMBLY CANNOT BE INSTALLED, PROVIDE ADDITIONAL<br />
DEPTH OF LINE IO CRIATE HIGH POINT AT A LOCATION WHERE ASSEMBLY CAN BE INSTALLED.<br />
KIYID NOTES<br />
O 2'' BRONZE BEEHIVE STRAINER, 2'' RETURN BEND. PAINTED SAFETYELLOW<br />
O EXTEND 2'' PIPE HoRIzoNTALLY THRoUGH BACK oF Box<br />
O 2" ArR AND vAcuuM VALVE, APco 145c oR touAL.<br />
O casr rRoN 2 prEcE VALVE Box w/ LtD & LIFING HANDLE. SEATTLI sTyLE 045<br />
O LENGTH AS NECESSARY To PRoVIDE SAFE TRAFFIc_FREE LocATIoN<br />
@ 2'' DOUBLE STRAP SADDLE WTH IP BALL CORP STOP<br />
O MAINTAIN PoSITIVE SLoPE FRoM MAIN To AIR RELEASE VALVE<br />
@ 2" R/s GATE VALVE, CAST rRoN BoDy, scREwED, NoN-RrsrNG sTEM, 2" souARE<br />
OPERATINC NUT<br />
@ z" snlss PIPE wrTH 90'ELBow<br />
@ z" srnrrr 90' BENos<br />
O 3/4'' CATE VALVE W/ HANDWHEEL<br />
@ swrvEL ELBows As sHowN<br />
G 2-#2 FoCTTTE CONCRETE BOXES W/STEEL<br />
TRAFFIC BEARING LID<br />
(A INSTALL BoX PERPENDICULAR TO PAVING,<br />
INSUTATE W/ FIBERGLASS INSULATION TO TOP<br />
OF AIR/VACUUM VALVE,<br />
2'' AIR AND<br />
VACUUM VALVE<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> Duvaln<br />
STANDAFD Pt l.l2_0t0-001
CONCRETE BLOCKING<br />
MJ x FL TEE<br />
FL x MJ GAIE VALVE<br />
OMAC FLEX COUPLING<br />
OR (MJ) SLEEVE<br />
18,' DUCTILE IRON NIPPLE<br />
CUT_INS TO EXISI1NG CgOO OR C9O5 PVC,<br />
C,I., OR D.I. PIPE REOUIRE<br />
1-18" D.t. NTPPLE<br />
1-(MJ) SLEEVE<br />
CUT-INS TO EXISTING<br />
A.C. OR STL PIPE REOUIRE<br />
2-18" D.t. N|PPLES<br />
2_ROMAC FLEX COUPLINGS<br />
CUT-IN TO MAINS 8" AND SMALLER<br />
CONCRETE BLOCKING<br />
U.S. PIPE HYORA GATE<br />
TAPPING VALVE #6860<br />
WITH (MJ) OUTLET OR<br />
MUELLER TAPPING CATE<br />
VALVE #H-667.<br />
U.S. PIPE. SMITH D.I. DUAL<br />
COMPRESSION TAPPING SLEEVE<br />
#T_28 WITH FLANGE OUTLET,<br />
OR MUELLER (MJ) TAPPING<br />
SLEEVE. OR EPOXY COAIED STEEL<br />
TAPPING SLEEVE (USE STAINLESS<br />
SIEEL FOR AC. PIPE)<br />
WET TAP MAINS 1O'' AND LARGER<br />
NOTE:<br />
ALL CONNECTIONS TO EXISTING MAINS V,/ILL BE MADE<br />
WTH CITY OF DUVALLPERSONNEL<br />
PRESENT.<br />
ALL FTTTTNGS TO BE SWABBEO W/CL2 SOLUION (s0 PPM)<br />
STEEL PIPES SHALL BE RECOAIED WHERE WRAPPING<br />
HAS BEEN DISTUREED.<br />
ity <strong>of</strong> Duval<br />
CUT-INS AND<br />
UVE TAPS<br />
sTAlo F!'<br />
Na-aro_
S DEWALK<br />
OR<br />
6 0" FROM<br />
EACK OF CURB<br />
VARIES<br />
!?<br />
FORD TANDEM COPPERSETTER<br />
rv 1121a<br />
INSTALL,WITH<br />
KEY FACING UP.<br />
6' TOTAL PIT RUN SAND<br />
(3" ALr ARoUND)<br />
WILKENS OR<br />
WATTS PRV<br />
METER BOX LOCATION<br />
]. SIDEWALKS ]VETER BOX ]' BEH]ND SIDEWALK<br />
2. THICKENED EDGE . SET METER 8OX 3, oFF RIGHT oF wAY LINE (WTH]N R/W)<br />
3. SHOULDER ROADS - SET METER ON BACKSDE OF DITCH (WITHN R/W)<br />
4, SPECAL CIRCUMSTANCES - CONSULT CTY ENGINEER<br />
5. CURB NO SDEWALK _ 6' BEHIND BACK OF CURB (WITHN R/W)<br />
6. SET METER PERPENDICULAR TO PAVING<br />
NOT[: SERVCE LoCATION SHALL BE DETERMINED SIMULTANIoUSLY W/<br />
OTHER UTLITE SO THAT CONFLICTS ARE NOT ENCOUNTERED.<br />
BACKFILL W/ TOPSOIL TO 2'' ABOVE METER LD<br />
StE STRVIC[ NOITS<br />
DETA t FOR KEYTD NOTES<br />
(STANDARD PLAN 2-090-004)<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> Durvann<br />
5/8',3/2" S \G-L vF-FR SLRvTCT<br />
WIF PRESSI]RI RTDJL\G VAI VE<br />
STAiIDAFD FL.AN 2-030 AOl
WATER METER<br />
FURNISHED BY PERSON<br />
INSTALLING PRV ASSEMBLY<br />
PROPERTY LINE<br />
FLOW<br />
PVC<br />
CAP<br />
BACKFILL WITH TOPSOIL<br />
TO 2" ABOVE VAULT<br />
o<br />
@<br />
\!-/<br />
@<br />
@<br />
KEYED NOTES FOR PRV<br />
3/4' COMETNATTON TA|L PTEC END CONNECTION<br />
PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE W/ STRAINER _ 3/4,, VIIIH UNION COUPLING ON<br />
THE INLET; EOUAL TO: wlLKlNS #600, WATTS #U58, OR SEARS #42A1789.<br />
INSTALL SIDEWAYS TO ALLOW ACCESS TO STRAINER AND ADJUSTING SCREW.<br />
3/4'' BRASS GATE VALVE<br />
2-#2 FOc-rfi€" CONCRETE METER BOXES W/SOLTD COVER 0R TRAFFIC BEARING Llo<br />
AS NECESSARY.<br />
CONCRETE: 10 1/2" x 17 1/4" INSIDE DIMENSIONS, EOUAL TO FOGTITE METER<br />
SEAL CO. #B-9.<br />
s/q" BRASS PIPE<br />
INSTALLATION<br />
''DOWNSTREAM'<br />
THE PRESSURE REDUCING VALVESHALL BE LOCATEO<br />
OF THE METER. RESPONSIBILITY FOR PROPER INSTALLATION, AND<br />
OPERATION OFTHE VAL!€ SHALLBE THAT OF THE CONTRACTOR,<br />
Clty <strong>of</strong> Duvan<br />
5/8'fi/a' SNGLE METER SERVT<br />
WlH PRESSURE REDUCING VAL\<br />
sT toASD Pt l{2-C
--TE(sJlh<br />
1 - _ 0.\t vrLE (fL x<br />
cnNcRm aLoo
41/2' PRESSJRE CAIJCE. TURREI CAs€<br />
o - 2@ P.S,t.<br />
rlouNl 0N tNgot 0f A@€ss oPEllTNG.<br />
5/A' ' DRTIIED<br />
o{lrcE @{|<<br />
r/a' Ea^ss 90' 89{D<br />
r/,r' BRASS lEE<br />
L oDER A{D ndJXnNC 90tTS Slt&! aE @tStruClED<br />
OF HOI OIPP€D CAVANIZED STEEL<br />
0R[! AXo lrF A 1/a HOLE t{ _ D.t. P|PE fOR NSTILIAio .<br />
N.T.S,<br />
GAUGE ASSEMBLY<br />
x.T.s.<br />
MATERIALS LIST<br />
I. - PRESSJRE RDUONC VA\JE (Ct YI(N aoo-ol lDc)<br />
2. _ P^ESSJRE R!0UOI6 V^Lr€ (drYto eoo-01 As)<br />
!. l' oF _- D.r. (FL X CROO\€)<br />
1, VCIUAIC COJPLT{C Of Eo(JAI-<br />
5, 16' O€ _ 0.r. (FL)<br />
6. _ vyE SIRANER (FL), r/l Or^rr. SCREEN, $rH<br />
2' CORP STOP ON OR'JN<br />
7. _ 0.r PIPE (rL X PE)<br />
6. _ r,P. SERVIC€ S DrX.E Nr'tH Do.JALE STATNLESSlt€L STRAPS<br />
9._ARASSCl!Vtl\€<br />
t1. _ t0' EENO<br />
12. _ lJNtoN<br />
!J, _ WyE SIRI|NER Slll 20 rlESH SCREEII<br />
1'. -<br />
REDUCEi<br />
15. CAUCE ASSAnALY<br />
'6. IO.ruSTAALE PIPE CJPPORT<br />
r& tEE<br />
19, _ r/4' CruCE COCr( ',ND PRESSURE CAIJGE<br />
PRV DESCRIPNONS<br />
1. PRESSURE REDUCING VALIE<br />
A) - oLo6a<br />
A) FIACED<br />
c) drss r25<br />
0) APPiOXAT^I! oollrslnElrr PiESSURE SETln.I6 - _<br />
ps.t,<br />
E] fiE STFA'TER d{ PILOI UX'<br />
F) TLO|I CLOSNC SP€ED @NIROI<br />
c) v^!\E PodnoN Norc ToR<br />
H) SI TNLES S]EEL IRM <strong>of</strong>i lr^rN ANo PIOT V lVE<br />
2 PRESS1JRE REDUSNG VAL\E<br />
_ 6foBE<br />
fiRITDED '<br />
qlss 125<br />
APPROXUATE DOfiSIRf t PRESSJRE S€nNG - _ P,S.t.<br />
talE slRArN€R 0N PttoT u*E<br />
FLOfI OPEr.l'lC 5P€40 Cd.ttROL<br />
v^tvE Podllo rNorc^toR<br />
SIAINLISS SIEEL 1RIM OII YAIN ANO PILOT VAI\€<br />
alr PiPE ANo nTnNGS 3' DtA. AND StAlrER SltA[<br />
!N|ES_S l,lOlED OnER$g.<br />
AE 6RAS5<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> Duval<br />
PRESSURE REDUCING<br />
STA]ION NOTES<br />
STIITDIFD P!l}l!*F
SIDEWALK<br />
OR<br />
6'-O" FROM<br />
BACK OF CURB<br />
VARIES<br />
. I<br />
I<br />
I<br />
&<br />
36'' MIN<br />
COVER<br />
INSTALL ViI TH<br />
KEY FACING UP.<br />
6'' TOTAL PIT RUNSAND<br />
(3,' ALL AROUND)<br />
SEE SERVICE NOTES<br />
DETAIL FOR KEYED NOTES<br />
(STANDARD PLAN 2_ O9O_OO4)<br />
METER 8OX LOCATION<br />
1. SIDEWALKS - METER BOX 1' BEHIND SIDEWALK<br />
2. THICKENED EOGE _ SET METER BOX 3' OFF RIGHT-OF-WAY LINE<br />
3. SHOULDEROADS - SET MEIER ON BACKSIDE OF DITCH (WITHIN<br />
4. SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES - CONSULT CITY ENGINEER<br />
5. CURB NO STDEWALK - 6' BEHIND EACK OF CURE (WTHIN R/W)<br />
6. SET METER PERPENDICULAR TO PAVING<br />
NOTE: SERVICE LOCAIION SHALL BE DETERMINED SIMULTANEOUSLY W/<br />
OTHER UTILITIESO THAT CONFLICTS ARE NOT ENCOUNTERED.<br />
BACKFILL W/ TOPSOIL TO 2'' ABOVE METER LID<br />
(wrHrN R/w)<br />
R/w)<br />
Citv <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
5rl8"x3rl4" SINGLE<br />
METER SERVICE<br />
slal|)tto P(rN t-do-d
SlDEWALK<br />
OR<br />
VARIES<br />
BACK OF CURB<br />
36- MrN<br />
COVER<br />
INSTALL WI]H<br />
KtY FAC NG UP<br />
6 TOTAL PIT RUN SAND<br />
(r" ALLAROUND)<br />
12"<br />
M]N<br />
ON DUAL SERVICES THE<br />
1- LINE IS TO BE<br />
BRANCHTD W/ 1 fi/a<br />
MUELLER 14'' YOKE FI]TING.<br />
]/4" BRASS TUBING TO MT]ERS<br />
SIE SERV]Ct NOT[S<br />
DTTAIL FOR KIYID NOTTS<br />
(STANDARD PLAN 2- o9o- oo4)<br />
SEE SINCLE SERVICE DETAIL FOR METER<br />
BOX LOCATION,<br />
BACKFILL WTH TOPSOIL<br />
2'' ABOVE METTRLID.<br />
Clty <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
5 /B'8/a" DOUBLE<br />
I'/ E TER SERVICE
]'_ O'' FRON,4 SiDEWAL(<br />
OR BACKSIDE OF DITCH<br />
F-<br />
u<br />
a*<br />
o<br />
o:<br />
o_<br />
z<br />
-<br />
z<br />
TY<br />
o<br />
TOTAL PIT RUN SAND<br />
ALL AROUND)<br />
* BAcKFILL W/ToPSoIL 10 2''<br />
ABOVE [,1ITER LID.<br />
G)1" oR 2 r.p. sERVlct SADDLI w/ DoUBLE sTRAps EQUAL To RoMAc 0R<br />
SMITH BLAIR.<br />
(B) t oR 2" Lp. B^LL VALVE CORPORATTON SIOP W/ CoMPRESSTON ADAPTOR<br />
FOR TYPE K COPPER SERVICE EOUAL TO MUELLER. FORD BALLCORP.<br />
]NSTALLED @ A 45' ANGLE WIIH I(EY FACING UP.<br />
O 1" oR 2" HrcH oENSrTy poLyETHyLENE prpE PRESSURE cLAss 200.<br />
.D) -<br />
MTTIR SETTER W/ BYPASS, MUELLER, FORD, OR APPRoVED E0UAL, SPACE BETWEIN<br />
ANGLE STOP AND CHECK ANGLE SHALL BE 13 1/2" faR I SERV|CE OR 17 1/2'<br />
FOR 2' SERVICE. SETTER SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWINC FEATURIS:<br />
PADLOCK WINGS ON KEY VALVE<br />
ANGLE CHECK ON METIR OUTLET<br />
IRON PIPE CONNTCTIONS<br />
SETTER INLET AND OUILET<br />
COMPRESSION ADAPTOR ON SETTER INLET<br />
1" By PASS W/PADIOC( W|NCS ON CURE STOP<br />
(E) NO 2 FOGTITE CONCRETE MITIR BOX W/ ]/8'' STEET IRAFFI COVER AND READER<br />
WINDOW OR APPROVED EQUAL, METER BOXES LOCATTD lN DRIVTWAYS, PAVED AREAS<br />
OR AREAS SUBJICT TO TRAFFIC SI.lALL BE TRAFFIC BEARING.<br />
(F) INSTALL IDLER PRIOR TO MITER INSTALLATION IF METER ]S TO BT INSTALLED AT<br />
LATER DATE,<br />
@ r" on 2" DtA 12" LoNc BRASs<br />
NIPPLI W/ PVC CAP.<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
1" 1A 2"<br />
SIN GLE SER VICES<br />
STANDARD PLAN 2_O9O-OO
GTNtRAt NOTTS<br />
I INSTALLATION: FAULTY INSTALLATION OR PoOR WORKMANSHIP NOT CORRTCTED By<br />
THE DE\€LOPER WILL BE CORRECTED BY THE C|TY, THE COST OF SUCH<br />
CORRECT]ONS WILL BE CHARGED TO THE DEVELOPIR.<br />
2. SERVCES: NSTALLATIONS SHALL BE lN ACCORDANCT WlTH THE STRVCE DETATL<br />
DR A WIN 6S.<br />
3. ALL FITTINGSHALL BE BRASS ALL JOINTS ON F TTNGS SHALL BE<br />
NSTA_T TI BY MEULLER,<br />
KIYID NOTES<br />
@ 3/4" OR I SERV|CE P PE:<br />
SINGLE SERV]CE SHALL BE J/4'' HICH DENSITY POLYETHYLINT PIPE PRESSURL CLASS 2O<br />
PIPE SHALL BE NIW AND FREE OF SHARP BENDS. KINKS, OR DENTS. ALL DOUBLE<br />
SERVIcES (REGARDLTSS oF LENGTH) AND SINGLE SERVIcE LINIS oVER 5O'IN LENGTH<br />
SHALL BI 1" MINIMUM DOUBLE SERVICE SHALL BE SET WTH FORD, OR MUTLLIR<br />
14'' YOKE FITTING. OR APPROVTD EQUAL. STANLESS STEEI, INSERTS AND<br />
LOCATOR WIRI SHALL BE RIOUIRED.<br />
@ coRPoRAloN cocK:<br />
SHALL BE BALI VALVT TYPI OR PI UI] iYPE EOUAI. IO FORD OR MUIttFR W/lAPERED<br />
THRTAD (CC) rNLtl, OUTLET W/|NSTA lrTt FTTTNC fOR BRASS OUTLit.<br />
@ SADDLTS:<br />
ON 4 DUCTILIRON PPt. USE DOUBIT SIRAP SADI]LES FOR ALL TAPS ON IHCKNESS<br />
CLASS 52 DUCTLT IRON P]PE 6'' AND LARGER, ONt INCH DIRTC TAP SI]AII BE<br />
ACCEPTABLT ON AC PIPE, PVC PIPI AND WELDED STEIL PIP[,<br />
USE ROMAC STYLE 202 S SADDLE OR APPROVTD EQUAL DIRICT TAPS ARF NOT<br />
ACCEPTABLL ON THEST PIPE MATER]AtS,<br />
o MITER BOX:<br />
MEIIR 8OX TO BE FURN1SHED AND INSTALLID BY CONTRACTOR AND ADJUSTID TO<br />
FINISHED GRADT PRIOR TO METTR NSTAI.LATION. 5/8 t 3/4 MEIERS SHATL BE<br />
INSIATLED lN A FOGTTI 89 BOX W,/ H NGED RIADER LDS J/4'AND 1" METERS<br />
SHALL BE INSTALLED N A FOCTI]E B1O _ BOX W/ HNGED READER LIDS, BOXES<br />
INSTALLED ]N TRAFF1C ARIAS SHALL BE EOUPPTD WTH CAST IRON LIDS & SHALL BE<br />
TRAFFIC B[ARINC. ALL BOXES SHALL BE INSTALLED PERPTNDICULAR IO PAVING.<br />
o l5 BRASS MEIER SITTER - MUELLER FORD, OR APPROVED TQUAL<br />
15 BRASS SITTER ]O BI EOUIPPED AS FOLLOWS<br />
. PADLOCK WNCS ON KIY VALVE<br />
.ANGLE CHECK ON METER OUTLET<br />
.IRON PIPI CONNECTIONS<br />
SETTER<br />
INLIT AND OUTLTT<br />
.INSTA-TITE F TTNG ON SETTER NLtT<br />
.18 BRASS NIPPLT ON SETTER OUTLET<br />
O METIRI<br />
METER TO BI FURNISHTD AND NS]ALI TD BY<br />
THE CTY UNLESS O'T}]ERW SE NOTED.<br />
O sERVrct L|NE:<br />
SIRVICT LINE CONSTRUCIED BY PROPERTY OWNER<br />
1N ACCORDANCE W/ APPLICABLE CODES.<br />
Clty <strong>of</strong> Duvaln<br />
METER SERV CE N OTES<br />
sTAl.oreo PL^N 2 090
LADDER (RUNGS<br />
TO BE IN-LINE<br />
W/EDGE OF<br />
OPENING<br />
''LADDER<br />
WITH<br />
BITCO<br />
UP" POLE<br />
FLOW<br />
FLANGE<br />
' t I CoUPLING<br />
epoxv doareo sTEEL- 24"MtN i\ADAPTER /<br />
cnoSs x'" x"" 2"<br />
'\w/REr.<br />
\ I<br />
IUGS<br />
[4ETE<br />
BYPASS MTH<br />
LOCKING BALL<br />
vAtvEs (sEE<br />
CHART<br />
FOR otLS)<br />
12'' MIN. TYP.<br />
BOTH SIDES<br />
INK SEALS<br />
EA. SIDE<br />
RETAINING RING<br />
ON D,I, P. WITH<br />
CONC. THRUST<br />
RES TRAIN T<br />
(PLACE PLASTIC<br />
O\€R LINK SEAL<br />
PLACING CONC.) (rYPrcAL)<br />
BEFORE<br />
STRAINER<br />
RESILIENT SEATc.v.<br />
PLAN<br />
N,T,S.<br />
24;MrN<br />
6" MrN.<br />
ALUMINUM DOUBLE DOORS<br />
WlTH GUTTER DRAIN HS_ 20<br />
VEHICLE RATING AND LOCKING HASP<br />
FLOW_<br />
SLOPE FLOOR<br />
TO DRAIN<br />
counsr --{j'.<br />
6" LEVELING<br />
OVER UNDISTURBEDBEARIN G<br />
NOTES:<br />
SECTION<br />
N, T. S.<br />
], COVER SHALL EXTEND 6" ABOVE GRADE WHEN<br />
VAULT IS NOT IN TRAFFIC AREA AND SHALL BE<br />
FLUSH IN TRAFFIC AREA.<br />
2. SLOPE PAVEMENT AWAY FROM VAULT WHEN<br />
VAULT IS IN TRAFFIC AREA.<br />
3. VAULT TO BE RATED FOR HIGHWAY USE<br />
(HS-20 VEHTCLE RAflNG M|N|MUM).<br />
4. DOUBLE DETECTOR CHECK VALVE ASSEMBLY<br />
MUST BE INSTALLED BETWEEN METER<br />
AND POINT OF USE (BUILDING).<br />
ALL BYPASSE SMALLER THAN 4"<br />
SHALL BE SADDLED.<br />
GRINNEL OR EO.<br />
PIPE SUPPORT<br />
METER<br />
SIZE<br />
3<br />
6<br />
8<br />
SUMP W/GALV.<br />
STL, GRATE W/<br />
ELEC.<br />
-TO<br />
SUMP. PLU<br />
BE LOCATED 1<br />
MAX FROM HATCH<br />
OR DRAIN TO<br />
DAYLIGHT OR<br />
RECOMMENDEO APPROVED<br />
8 \trASS S|ZE COLLECTION<br />
SYS TEM.<br />
1 1/2" COPPER<br />
1 1/2" COPPER<br />
2,'COPPER<br />
4" D.t. P.<br />
Clty <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
ME'TER VAULT ASSEMBLY<br />
(ME.IERS 2" AND LARGER)
P A VEMEN T<br />
STEEL CASING<br />
CASING SEAL<br />
CASING SPACER<br />
1/2,' CLEARANCE BETWEEN STEEL<br />
CASING & END BELL OF O-I. PIPE<br />
* DEPTH PER APPLICABLE COUNTY/STATE REOUIREMENTS<br />
SPACING TO BE<br />
SAND FILLED<br />
D,I, PIPE<br />
S'TEEL CASING<br />
CASINC SPACER<br />
N OTE Si<br />
CASING<br />
SIZE AND MINIMUM THICKNESS OF CASING SHALL BE AS SHOWN ON THE<br />
CONTRACT DRAWNGS, HOWEVER, THE CONTRACTOR SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE<br />
FOR SELECTING THE THICKNESS CONSISTENT WTH HIS OPERATION.<br />
CASING SEAL<br />
MINIMUM 3/16', THIcK, sHEET TYPE SYNTHETIc RUBBER WTH STAINLESS<br />
STEEL BANDS.<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> Dr-rvall<br />
PIPE CASING<br />
stA{rAio ?tl|l
P-\<br />
SEE VAL\€ TIARKER DETAIL<br />
METER BOX<br />
''FOCTITE''<br />
''B_10"<br />
TRAFFIC<br />
t<br />
f<br />
O<br />
2- 2' 90' ELBOWS<br />
(BRASS)<br />
4 CU. fr 1 1/2'<br />
WASHED ROCK<br />
BOX ADJACENT<br />
TO PROPERTY LINE<br />
UNLESS OTHERWISE<br />
SPECIFIED.<br />
N4AINCAURD MODEL #78<br />
BLOW_OFF HYDRANT<br />
R/S GATE VALVE<br />
SO OPER, NUT<br />
2" BRASS P|PE<br />
LENGTH AS REOUIRED,<br />
VARIABLE<br />
NOTTS:<br />
ALL PIPE AND FITTINGS FROM THE MAN TO TI.]E CATI VALVT<br />
SHALL BE BRASS W/ I.P. THREAD,<br />
1' O'' FROM SDIWALK OR<br />
BACK SIDE OF DITCH<br />
EARIH B ACKF Lt<br />
BRASS PIPE<br />
2-2 9A<br />
ELBOWS<br />
(BRASS)<br />
O<br />
2" TAPPED TEE<br />
CORPORATION<br />
STOP. PROVIDE<br />
IHRUST BLOCK<br />
AT LINI<br />
TERIVINATiON<br />
(SEE BILOW FO<br />
END OF LINT<br />
CONNECT ON)<br />
.- TO BLOW OFF ASSEI,/BLY<br />
(sEE ABovr)<br />
2OOO PSI BLOCKING<br />
1 /2" STEEL PLATE<br />
DtP W/12" X 6 SLOT FOR<br />
ELOW OFF ASSIMBLY<br />
DIP W/ TAPPED<br />
PLUG OR CAP<br />
tND OI LINE CONNICT]ON<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> Duvann<br />
2' BLOW OFF<br />
ASSE[IBLY<br />
STANDMD Pt-Atl 2-120 00i
GALVANIZED ROD<br />
PIPE<br />
SIZE<br />
!€RTICAL BLOCKING<br />
FOR 11 1/4' & 22 1/2' SENDS<br />
V 8 CU FT D L<br />
11 1//4' 8 2.O' 3/4" 1.5<br />
22 1 /2' 1l 2.2' 2.O'<br />
6 11 1 /4' t1 2.2 3/4" 2.4<br />
22 1' /2' 25 2.9'<br />
8- 11 1/4' 2.s' 3/4" 2.0'<br />
?) 1 /?' 47<br />
12 111/4'<br />
32 3.2 3 /4" 2.0'<br />
22 1/2' 88 4.5' 7 /8" J.0'<br />
tl<br />
22 1,/4' 70<br />
1/2' 184 4.1<br />
a./ ,',l3ll 3.0'<br />
4.0'<br />
20' 11 1/4' 91 4.5<br />
22 1 /2' 225 o_t ,',lu,l J.O'<br />
4.0<br />
24" );r'#;' 128 t.u 1" J.5<br />
J20 o.6 13 /8"<br />
VERTICAL BLOCKING FOR 45' BENDS<br />
t-<br />
L<br />
VERTICAL BLOCKING<br />
FOR 11 1/4" 22 1/2'<br />
& 30' 8EN0S<br />
._?.-'--<br />
,,,,p<br />
UNDISTURBED<br />
EARTH<br />
GALVANIZED RODS<br />
4' 45' JO J.1 3/4" 2.O'<br />
6- 68 4.t<br />
o 123 J.U<br />
12" 232 3 /4"<br />
lo 478 7.8' t1 /8 4.0'<br />
20' 560 a.2' 11/+<br />
24' 420 9.4' 13/8"<br />
t<br />
t_<br />
,.N,<br />
AY" r*o,.,r*r.o<br />
Z----<br />
VERTICAL BLOCKING<br />
FOR 45' BENDS<br />
NOTE: CONCRETE ELOCTINC BA SEO<br />
ON 2OO PSI PRESSURE AND<br />
25OO PSI CONCRETE<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> Duvann<br />
VER'IICAt<br />
THRUST BLOCKING
BLINO FLANGE<br />
CAPPED CROSS<br />
90'BEND<br />
PLU G<br />
*-----+nt^<br />
--ft-.ltr<br />
=-ur.-]<br />
( srD)<br />
OR<br />
NOTCH<br />
BLOWOFF<br />
SMALLERSIZE PIPE<br />
ONE PIPE SIZE SMALLER<br />
THAN DEAD ENDING PIPE<br />
c<br />
CROSS<br />
45'BEND<br />
BLOCK DIMENSION (TYP.)<br />
SEE THRUST BLOCK TABLE.<br />
11 1/4' BEND<br />
NOTES:<br />
sEE THRUST BLOCK TABLE FOR ALL NOTES.<br />
PROVIOE POLYETHYLENE SHEETING TO COVER<br />
BOLTS AND JOINTS FOR DISMANTLING,<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> Duvann<br />
CONCRE'TE BLOCKING<br />
STAT,OA O PL|N 2-l
IEBUS].ELOEL_-3BLE<br />
MIN. BEARING AREA AGAINST UNDISTURBED SOIL<br />
SQUARE FEET<br />
P I P E A B C D<br />
szE (Fr.2) G1.2) (rr.z; Ft21<br />
3" 3 2 2 2<br />
6" 4 4 2 2<br />
6 7 6 + 2<br />
10" t1 10<br />
5<br />
11' 16 14 9 5<br />
14" 22 19 12 6<br />
to 29 25 to 8<br />
18" 36<br />
20 to<br />
20'<br />
39 24 1J<br />
22"<br />
47 29<br />
t3<br />
24' 64 56<br />
18<br />
28" 87<br />
48 24<br />
30" 101 87 55 2A<br />
145 125 78 40<br />
171 107 55<br />
48" za/ 223 140 71<br />
E<br />
(rr.z;<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2<br />
J<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
t1<br />
I<br />
12<br />
14<br />
20<br />
27<br />
NOTES:<br />
1. BEARING AREA OF CONC. THRUST BLOCK BASED ON 2OO PSI PRESSURE<br />
AND SAFE SOIL BEARING LOAD OF 2,OOO POUNDS PER SQUARE FOOT.<br />
2, AREAS MUST BE AOJUSTED FOR OTHER PIPE SIZES, PRESSURES ANO<br />
sorL coNDtTtoNs.<br />
3. CONCRETE BLOCKING SHALL BE CAST IN PLACE ANO HAVE A MINIMUM<br />
BEARING SURFACE OF 6" X 6'' SOUARE AGAINS THE FITTING,<br />
4. BLOCK SHALL BEAR AGAINST FIT]INGS ONLY AND SHALL BE CLEAR OF<br />
JOINTS TO PERMIT TAKINC UP OR DISMANTLINC OF JOINT.<br />
CONTRACTOR SHALL INSTALL BLOCKING ADEQUATE TO WTHSTANO FULL<br />
TEST PRESSURE AS WELL AS TO CONTINUOUSLY WTHSTAND OPERATION<br />
PRESSURE UNDER ALL CONDITIONS OF SERVICE.<br />
6.<br />
ALL BOLTS AND NUTS SHALL BE POLYWRAPPED PRIOR TO POURING<br />
CON CRETE,<br />
Clty <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
]HRUST BLOCK TABLE<br />
STA'AND 'LA
LADDER (RUNGS TO BE IN LINE<br />
W/EDGE<br />
"LADDER<br />
OF OPENING) WTH<br />
BILCO UP" POLE<br />
5/8" & 3/4" FORD 72-12 DOUELE<br />
PURPOSE COPPERSETTER W/ ANGLE<br />
CHECK VALVE.<br />
24"MtN<br />
ubc nppnovEo<br />
DPUBLE<br />
CI]ECK VALVE<br />
FLOW<br />
RETAINING RING<br />
oN D.r.P. W/CONC<br />
HRUST RESTRAIN<br />
(PLACE PLASTIC<br />
OVER LINK SEAL<br />
BEFORE PLACTNG CONC.)<br />
>_-4-.--- - _ _ _ _ _ :-_-
CITY OF DUVALL<br />
Wellhead Protection Program<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
A wellhead protection program is a proactive and ongoing effort <strong>of</strong> a water purveyor to protect<br />
the health <strong>of</strong> its customers by preventing contamination <strong>of</strong> the groundwater that it supplies for<br />
drinking water. Section 1428 <strong>of</strong> the 1986 Amendments to the federal Safe Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Act<br />
(SDWA) mandates that each state develop a wellhead protection program. In Washington State,<br />
the Department <strong>of</strong> Health (DOH) is the lead agency for the development and administration <strong>of</strong><br />
the State’s wellhead protection program. All federally defined Group A public water systems<br />
that use groundwater as a water source are required to implement a wellhead protection program.<br />
All required elements <strong>of</strong> a local wellhead protection program must be documented and included<br />
in either the <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> (applicable to <strong>Duvall</strong>) or Small <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong><br />
Management Program document (not applicable to <strong>Duvall</strong>). The State mandate for wellhead<br />
protection and the required elements <strong>of</strong> a wellhead protection program are contained in WAC<br />
246-290-135 Source Protection, which became effective in July <strong>of</strong> 1994. The minimum required<br />
elements <strong>of</strong> a wellhead protection program for water systems in Washington State that rely on<br />
groundwater are as follows:<br />
• A completed susceptibility assessment <strong>of</strong> each water source.<br />
• Delineation <strong>of</strong> wellhead protection areas for each water source.<br />
• An inventory <strong>of</strong> known and potential contaminant sources located within the defined<br />
wellhead protection areas. This inventory list shall be updated every two years.<br />
• Documentation <strong>of</strong> the purveyor’s notification to all owners/operators <strong>of</strong> known and<br />
potential sources <strong>of</strong> groundwater contamination within the defined wellhead protection<br />
areas.<br />
• Documentation <strong>of</strong> the purveyor’s notification to regulatory agencies and local<br />
governments <strong>of</strong> the defined boundaries <strong>of</strong> the wellhead protection areas and the findings<br />
<strong>of</strong> the contaminant source inventory.<br />
• A contingency plan to ensure that customers have an adequate supply <strong>of</strong> water in the<br />
event that contamination causes a temporary or permanent loss <strong>of</strong> the system’s principal<br />
source <strong>of</strong> supply.<br />
• Documentation <strong>of</strong> the purveyor’s coordination with local emergency spill responders<br />
(including police, fire, and health departments), including notification <strong>of</strong> wellhead<br />
protection area boundaries, results <strong>of</strong> susceptibility assessment, inventory findings, and<br />
contingency plan.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 1 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Wellhead Protection Program (12/29/04-14:56)
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> is not required to prepare a Wellhead Protection Program, because all potable<br />
water supply is provided by Seattle Public Utilities. However, the <strong>City</strong> is taking a proactive<br />
approach to protecting the Taylor’s Landing Well in the event that the <strong>City</strong> decides to use the<br />
well in the future as a source <strong>of</strong> potable water.<br />
PAST PROTECTION EFFORTS<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> currently holds a water rights claim to the Taylor’s Landing Well, which is<br />
located southwest <strong>of</strong> the intersection <strong>of</strong> Main Street NE and NE Allen Street. The well is an<br />
artesian well that was historically used to augment low or dry private wells in the unincorporated<br />
areas north <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> by hauling water from the well site. The Taylor’s Landing Well was<br />
closed to the public on May 31, 2000 for liability reasons and as a result, the well is currently not<br />
used for potable water supply. The well, which is now securely capped and locked, is only used<br />
in the summer by the <strong>City</strong>’s Public Works Department to fill water trucks for irrigation purposes.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> is retaining the water rights and ownership <strong>of</strong> the well for possible future use. This<br />
wellhead protection plan has been prepared to protect the wellhead in the event that this effort is<br />
pursued in the future. The <strong>City</strong> has no record <strong>of</strong> previous wellhead protection efforts, but is<br />
prepared to begin implementing protection efforts to ensure good water quality is maintained in<br />
the well.<br />
WATER QUALITY<br />
The Taylor’s Landing Well has a history <strong>of</strong> good water quality, both before and after public use<br />
<strong>of</strong> the well, which was terminated in May <strong>of</strong> 2000. <strong>Water</strong> quality samples were last taken from<br />
the Taylor’s Landing Well in December <strong>of</strong> 2001 as part <strong>of</strong> the East King County Groundwater<br />
Monitoring Program. These were the second round <strong>of</strong> water samples for the well and were<br />
tested for a substantially larger number <strong>of</strong> parameters than the first round. Samples were<br />
collected by King County <strong>Water</strong> and Land Resources Division staff and analyzed by the King<br />
County Environmental Lab. The samples were tested for standard inorganic and organic<br />
compounds and were all found to be satisfactory in regards to the organic and inorganic<br />
parameters. Additionally, many <strong>of</strong> the organic compounds could not be detected because their<br />
concentrations were below the laboratory’s method detection limit (MDL).<br />
SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT<br />
In 1994, DOH developed the Susceptibility Assessment Survey Form for water purveyors to<br />
complete for use in determining a drinking water source’s potential for contamination. The<br />
results <strong>of</strong> the susceptibility assessment may provide monitoring waivers which allows reduced<br />
source water quality monitoring.<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Wellhead Protection Program (12/29/04-14:56) 2 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Wellhead Protection Program<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> has not performed a susceptibility assessment for this well in the past, since<br />
the well is not used for potable water supply and is not considered a source <strong>of</strong> drinking water.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will complete and submit a susceptibility assessment <strong>of</strong> the Taylor’s Landing Well to<br />
DOH if the <strong>City</strong> decides to use the well as a potable water source in the future.<br />
DELINEATION OF WELLHEAD PROTECTION AREAS<br />
A wellhead protection area is the surface and subsurface area surrounding a well, well field, or<br />
spring through which contaminants are likely to pass and eventually be transported into the<br />
drinking water system. This is the area around the source that must be managed to protect the<br />
water supply from contamination. Establishing, or delineating, the boundaries <strong>of</strong> the wellhead<br />
protection area for each source is most commonly accomplished using the time <strong>of</strong> travel rates <strong>of</strong><br />
groundwater.<br />
Wellhead Protection Area Zones<br />
The first component <strong>of</strong> a wellhead protection area is the sanitary control area required by WAC<br />
246-290-135. This protective area should already be tightly controlled by the purveyor to<br />
minimize direct contamination at the wellhead. The minimum sanitary control area for a well<br />
shall have a radius <strong>of</strong> 100 feet around the wellhead. The construction, storage, disposal, or<br />
application <strong>of</strong> known or potential contaminants is prohibited within this area, unless permitted by<br />
DOH and the water purveyor. The <strong>City</strong>’s only active well is located on <strong>City</strong> owned property that<br />
extends beyond the minimum required sanitary control area.<br />
Wellhead protection areas are commonly based on 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year time <strong>of</strong> travel<br />
zones. For example, a 1-year time <strong>of</strong> travel zone represents an area around the well or well field<br />
in which contaminants could reach the well within one year. Each zone has different<br />
management strategies based on the urgency <strong>of</strong> response and characteristics <strong>of</strong> risks to public<br />
health posed by contaminants within the zones. An additional zone, called “buffer zone”, may<br />
also be established to provide an area <strong>of</strong> added protection outside the 10-year time <strong>of</strong> travel zone<br />
for the wellhead protection area.<br />
Delineation Methods<br />
There are several delineation methods that can be used, but the simplest approach is the<br />
Calculated Fixed Radius (CFR) method. This method requires the least amount <strong>of</strong> technical data<br />
and is typically used for the initial delineation for identifying immediate threats to water quality.<br />
However, the major drawback <strong>of</strong> this method is that groundwater rarely behaves as simply as<br />
predicted with this method. Applying the CFR method yields a circular boundary around each <strong>of</strong><br />
the wells or well fields, based on the data entered into a simple volumetric flow equation. Data<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 3 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Wellhead Protection Program (12/29/04-14:56)
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
input includes the annual volume pumped by the well, the open interval or length <strong>of</strong> well screen,<br />
aquifer porosity, and the desired travel time (typically 6-month, 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year).<br />
Other more complex, but probably more accurate delineation methods utilize analytical models,<br />
hydrogeologic mapping, and computer flow models.<br />
Delineation Results<br />
The CFR method was utilized during preparation <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s 2004 <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong><br />
<strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> to establish the wellhead protection area boundaries. Table 1 presents data for the<br />
Taylor’s Landing Well and the results <strong>of</strong> the CFR computations, which are based on the well’s<br />
water rights information, since pumping rate information is not available. The wellhead<br />
protection area boundaries for the 6-month, 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year time <strong>of</strong> travel<br />
computations are presented in Figure 1.<br />
Table 1<br />
Well Data and Calculated Fixed Radius Values<br />
Description<br />
Taylor's Landing Well<br />
Data<br />
Source No.<br />
N/A<br />
Sec-Twp-Rng<br />
Govt Lot 4 13-26N-6E<br />
Year <strong>Water</strong> Rights Granted 1940<br />
Ground Elevation (ft) 48<br />
Screened Open Interval (ft) 10<br />
Current Pumping Rate (gpm) 0<br />
Annual <strong>Water</strong> Right (gal) 11,404,008<br />
Aquifer Porosity (estimated) 0.22<br />
Calculated Fixed Radius (CFR) Values<br />
6-Month Time <strong>of</strong> Travel (ft) 332<br />
1-Year Time <strong>of</strong> Travel (ft) 470<br />
5-Year Time <strong>of</strong> Travel (ft) 1,050<br />
10-Year Time <strong>of</strong> Travel (ft) 1,485<br />
Delineation Update Requirements<br />
DOH recommends water systems with a low or moderate susceptibility rating upgrade their<br />
initial delineation using a more sophisticated groundwater flow model approach within five years<br />
following the initial delineation. If the water system has a high susceptibility rating, DOH<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Wellhead Protection Program (12/29/04-14:56) 4 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Wellhead Protection Program<br />
recommends upgrading their initial delineation within two years following the initial delineation.<br />
In addition, wellhead protection area boundaries should be reviewed and revised when new wells<br />
are brought on-line or when there is a change in the annual volume pumped from a well. DOH<br />
recommends re-evaluation <strong>of</strong> the wellhead protection area boundaries during the update <strong>of</strong> the<br />
<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>, which occurs on a 6-year schedule.<br />
INVENTORY OF POTENTIAL CONTAMINANT SOURCES<br />
An essential element <strong>of</strong> wellhead protection is an inventory <strong>of</strong> all potential sources <strong>of</strong><br />
groundwater contamination throughout the delineated wellhead protection areas. The purpose <strong>of</strong><br />
the inventory is to identify past, present, and proposed activities that may pose a threat to the<br />
source <strong>of</strong> water supply (i.e., the aquifer). An initial inventory <strong>of</strong> a wellhead protection program<br />
should include, at a minimum, all potential sources <strong>of</strong> contamination within the 1-year time <strong>of</strong><br />
travel zone and high risk potential contaminant sources within the 10-year time <strong>of</strong> travel zone.<br />
Inventory Approach<br />
An inventory <strong>of</strong> potential sources <strong>of</strong> groundwater contamination was conducted in 2004 during<br />
preparation <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Several databases maintained by<br />
the Washington State Department <strong>of</strong> Ecology (Ecology) and the United States Environmental<br />
Protection Agency (EPA) were searched for known and potential contaminant sources.<br />
The inventory efforts completed to date have been somewhat limited, due to budget limitations.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> will endeavor to budget additional resources in the future to accomplish a more detailed<br />
inventory <strong>of</strong> potential sources <strong>of</strong> groundwater contamination.<br />
Inventory Findings<br />
The inventory efforts described above revealed several potential sources <strong>of</strong> contamination<br />
located within a broad area around the well. The approximate location <strong>of</strong> the sites is shown in<br />
Figure 1 and a list <strong>of</strong> the potential sources <strong>of</strong> contamination is shown in Table 2. Only two <strong>of</strong><br />
these potential sources are located within the 10-year time <strong>of</strong> travel zones <strong>of</strong> the wellhead<br />
protection area for the Taylor’s Landing Well, as shown in Figure 1. All <strong>of</strong> the potential sources<br />
<strong>of</strong> contamination were found on the Ecology Leaking Underground Storage Tank List.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 5 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Wellhead Protection Program (12/29/04-14:56)
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Table 2<br />
Potential Sources <strong>of</strong> Contamination<br />
Material<br />
WHPA<br />
No. Name Address Stored Location<br />
L-1 Valley Shell 15729 NE Main Street Diesel/Unleaded Gas Inside 10-year<br />
L-2 Cherry Valley Elementary School 26701 NE Cherry Valley Rd Diesel/Heating Oil Inside 10-year<br />
L-3 Town Center Mini Mart 15410 Main St NE Unleaded/Leaded Gas Outside 10-year<br />
L-4 Harding's Backhoe & Bulldozing, Inc. 14441 Carnation-<strong>Duvall</strong> Rd NE<br />
Diesel/Unleaded Gas,<br />
Used Oil/Waste Oil<br />
Outside 10-year<br />
Source <strong>of</strong> Information:<br />
L = Ecology Leaking Underground Storage Tank List<br />
Other potential sources <strong>of</strong> contamination that are not specifically shown in Figure 1 or listed in<br />
Table 2 are discussed below. A further investigation <strong>of</strong> these will be conducted during future<br />
inventory efforts.<br />
Hazardous Spills on Highways – State Route 203 passes through the 6-month, 1-year, 5-year<br />
and 10-year time <strong>of</strong> travel zones <strong>of</strong> the Taylor’s Landing Well Wellhead Protection Area.<br />
Automobile accidents within this section <strong>of</strong> Highway 203 could result in spills <strong>of</strong> gasoline or<br />
other transported hazardous materials that would threaten the aquifer <strong>of</strong> the well.<br />
Pesticide and Herbicide Use along Roads – Pesticides and herbicides are typically applied along<br />
county roads by King County and along state highways by the Washington State Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Transportation. Although the chemicals in pesticides and herbicides are a potential source <strong>of</strong><br />
contamination to the Taylor’s Landing Well, the proper application <strong>of</strong> them will most likely<br />
avoid contaminating the groundwater.<br />
Septic <strong>System</strong>s – Septic systems for wastewater disposal and treatment are found in areas <strong>of</strong> the<br />
<strong>City</strong> that are not served by the <strong>City</strong>’s sewage collection system. These onsite sewage disposal<br />
systems, which typically consist <strong>of</strong> a septic tank and drainfield, may pose a threat to the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
groundwater source. The ability to remove pollutants from the discharge <strong>of</strong> these systems<br />
depends on the type <strong>of</strong> the surrounding soil. In addition, septic systems may be unlawfully used<br />
for disposal <strong>of</strong> toxic materials.<br />
Home Oil Furnace Tanks – Some residents in the <strong>Duvall</strong> area may be using oil furnaces to heat<br />
their homes. The number and location <strong>of</strong> these is unknown. The fuel for oil furnaces can be<br />
stored in above-grade or buried tanks. The <strong>City</strong>’s groundwater source may be threatened by<br />
heating oil that leaks out <strong>of</strong> the tanks into the underlying soil. The risk <strong>of</strong> this potential<br />
contaminant depends on the location <strong>of</strong> leaking tanks relative to the <strong>City</strong>’s wells, the amount and<br />
rate <strong>of</strong> leakage, and the type <strong>of</strong> underlying soil.<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Wellhead Protection Program (12/29/04-14:56) 6 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Wellhead Protection Program<br />
Hazardous Household Materials – Almost all households have hazardous materials that are<br />
commonly used for a variety <strong>of</strong> cleaning and maintenance purposes. Some <strong>of</strong> these materials<br />
include cleaning solvents, paints, antifreeze, and engine oil. Improper use or disposal <strong>of</strong> these<br />
may result in contamination <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s groundwater source. The Taylor’s Landing Well is<br />
located in an area that has several single family residences within its wellhead protection area.<br />
Private Wells – Poorly constructed private wells with inadequate seals and improperly<br />
abandoned wells may pose a threat to the <strong>City</strong>’s groundwater source. Poorly constructed private<br />
wells with insufficient seals provide a direct pathway for contaminants from stormwater run<strong>of</strong>f,<br />
rodents, insects, and other pollutants to enter the aquifer used by the <strong>City</strong>’s well.<br />
Stormwater – Stormwater run<strong>of</strong>f can potentially contaminate the <strong>City</strong>’s groundwater source.<br />
Run<strong>of</strong>f from industrial and commercial areas can contain high levels <strong>of</strong> metals and<br />
hydrocarbons. Run<strong>of</strong>f from residential areas is typically high in nutrients, pesticides, and metals.<br />
As development <strong>of</strong> new housing areas in <strong>Duvall</strong> occurs more stormwater will need to be<br />
detained, likely through stormwater detention ponds. There are several areas <strong>of</strong> recent and<br />
upcoming land development within the Taylor’s Landing Well wellhead protection area.<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Courses – <strong>Water</strong> courses located within wellhead protection areas can carry contaminants<br />
that may pose a threat to the <strong>City</strong>’s groundwater source. The Snoqualmie River is the largest<br />
water course within the <strong>Duvall</strong> area. The mainstream <strong>of</strong> the Snoqualmie River is located within<br />
the Taylor’s Landing Well’s 6-month, 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year time <strong>of</strong> travel zone.<br />
Agricultural Practices – Ranches within the wellhead protection areas can be a threat to the<br />
<strong>City</strong>’s groundwater source. Inadequate cleanup <strong>of</strong> animal waste is the most likely source <strong>of</strong><br />
potential contamination found on ranches.<br />
Inventory Update Requirements<br />
In accordance with WAC 246-290-135, the inventory list <strong>of</strong> actual and potential groundwater<br />
contaminant sources located within the delineated wellhead protection areas must be updated<br />
every two years. The timing <strong>of</strong> the updates will be scheduled such that every third update is<br />
accomplished at the same time as the re-evaluation <strong>of</strong> the wellhead protection area boundaries,<br />
that is required during each 6-year <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> update.<br />
NOTIFICATION OF INVENTORY FINDINGS<br />
Owners and operators <strong>of</strong> known and potential sources <strong>of</strong> groundwater contamination will be<br />
notified <strong>of</strong> their location within the delineated wellhead protection areas. In addition, all water<br />
customers will be notified (via a billing insert) <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s potential groundwater source, the<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 7 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Wellhead Protection Program (12/29/04-14:56)
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Wellhead Protection Program, and the importance <strong>of</strong> protecting the <strong>City</strong>’s potential sources.<br />
Regulatory agencies, local governments, and emergency response agencies will also be notified<br />
<strong>of</strong> the location <strong>of</strong> the wellhead protection areas, contaminant source inventory findings,<br />
contingency plans, and emergency response procedures. Table 3 lists all <strong>of</strong> the recipients that<br />
will be receiving these notifications. An example <strong>of</strong> each <strong>of</strong> the four types <strong>of</strong> notification letters<br />
that will be sent is attached.<br />
Table 3<br />
Notification Recipients<br />
Agency or Business Contact Person Mailing Address <strong>City</strong>, State Zip<br />
Businesses within Wellhead Protection Area<br />
Valley Shell Owner 15729 NE Main Street <strong>Duvall</strong>, WA 98019<br />
Cherry Valley Elementary School Owner 26701 NE Cherry Valley Rd <strong>Duvall</strong>, WA 98019<br />
Regulatory Agencies and Local Governments<br />
Wa State Dept. <strong>of</strong> Health Robert James 20435 72nd Ave S, Suite 200 Kent, WA 98032-2358<br />
Wa State Dept. <strong>of</strong> Ecology Ray Hellwig 3190 160th Ave SE Bellevue, WA 98008<br />
King County Health Dept. Dr. Alonzo Plough 999 3rd Ave, Ste 1200 Seattle, WA 98104<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>ning Dept. Doreen W. Booth PO Box 1300 <strong>Duvall</strong>, WA 98019<br />
King County <strong>Water</strong> and Land Resources Director 201 S. Jackson St, Ste 600 Seattle, WA 98104<br />
King County D.D.E.S. Stephanie Warden 900 Oakesdale Ave SW Renton, WA 98055<br />
Wa State Dept. <strong>of</strong> Transp. Lorena Eng PO Box 330310 Seattle, WA 98133<br />
Emergency Response Agencies<br />
King County Fire District 45 Fire Chief 15600 First Ave NE <strong>Duvall</strong>, WA 98019<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> Police Dept. Glenn Marryman PO Box 1500 <strong>Duvall</strong>, WA 98019<br />
King County Sheriff Dave Reichert 516 3rd Ave Seattle, WA 98104<br />
Wa State Patrol Chief 2803 156th Ave SE Bellevue, WA 98007<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Water</strong> Customers<br />
All <strong>Water</strong> Customers Varies Varies <strong>Duvall</strong>, WA 98019<br />
CONTINGENCY PLANNING<br />
An Emergency Response <strong>Plan</strong> has been developed as part <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong><br />
<strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. The Emergency Response <strong>Plan</strong> includes a contingency operation plan for the well<br />
and other water system facilities. The contingency operation plan for the well in the event <strong>of</strong><br />
contamination <strong>of</strong> the water source is as follows.<br />
Emergency Condition : Aquifer Contamination<br />
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Wellhead Protection Program<br />
Impact on <strong>System</strong> : Minor impact. <strong>Water</strong> not suitable for potable use - loss <strong>of</strong> supply. The<br />
<strong>City</strong> currently uses two connections to Seattle Public Utilities Tolt<br />
Supply Line for supply. Taylor’s Landing Well would most likely be<br />
used to supplement water received from the Tolt Supply Line. If the<br />
aquifer were to be contaminated, the well could be shut down with<br />
minimal impact to the <strong>City</strong>’s water customers.<br />
Emergency Response :<br />
1. Shut down the well that pumps water from the aquifer that is<br />
contaminated and use the other water source.<br />
2. Notify DOH <strong>of</strong> the aquifer contamination.<br />
3. Notify all customers <strong>of</strong> the problem and instruct them to boil all water<br />
to be used for consumption and cooking, as necessary.<br />
4. Analyze water quality <strong>of</strong> water within reservoirs and dispose <strong>of</strong><br />
properly if contaminated.<br />
5. Disinfect reservoirs and water mains, as necessary, to remove<br />
contaminated residuals.<br />
6. Adjust control <strong>of</strong> system facilities, as necessary, to provide supply<br />
from storage facilities if water within them is not contaminated.<br />
7. Monitor water quality at affected well field and investigate cause <strong>of</strong><br />
contamination.<br />
8. Contact Seattle Public Utilities to request additional supply from the<br />
Tolt Supply Line, if required.<br />
9. Implement water use reduction measures, as necessary, to ensure an<br />
adequate supply <strong>of</strong> water.<br />
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS<br />
The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> Wellhead Protection Program is an ongoing effort that requires staffing and<br />
resources to ensure its effectiveness in protecting a potential source <strong>of</strong> future drinking water. As<br />
discussed previously in this document, the regulations require that the <strong>City</strong> complete a<br />
Susceptibility Assessment Survey Form as well as perform an inventory <strong>of</strong> all potential sources <strong>of</strong><br />
groundwater contamination throughout the delineated wellhead protection areas every two years.<br />
In addition, DOH recommends water systems using the calculated fixed radius method, like the<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>, upgrade their initial delineation using a more sophisticated groundwater flow<br />
model approach within two or five years following the initial delineation, depending on their<br />
susceptibility rating. At a minimum, the <strong>City</strong> must re-evaluate the wellhead protection area<br />
boundaries during the <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> update process, which occurs every<br />
six years.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 9 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Wellhead Protection Program (12/29/04-14:56)
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
The following tasks will be pursued as part <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s on-going Wellhead Protection Program:<br />
• Develop and adopt a wellhead protection ordinance that addresses permitted uses and<br />
performance standards for properties located within designated wellhead protection areas.<br />
• Complete and submit a Susceptibility Assessment Survey Form to DOH.<br />
• Perform a more accurate delineation <strong>of</strong> the wellhead protection area boundaries utilizing<br />
analytical models, hydrogeologic mapping, and computer flow models.<br />
• Perform a more detailed inventory <strong>of</strong> potential sources <strong>of</strong> groundwater contamination.<br />
• Confirm location, condition, and proper closure <strong>of</strong> abandoned private wells, especially<br />
those within 1-year time <strong>of</strong> travel zones.<br />
• Distribute the required notifications <strong>of</strong> delineations and inventory findings.<br />
• Develop and distribute public education materials within the wellhead protection areas to<br />
address groundwater protection and household, landscape, and gardening practices that<br />
could affect groundwater quality. Coordinate with and utilize existing information<br />
developed by King County and DOH.<br />
• Establish a Wellhead Protection Committee to promote public education and awareness<br />
<strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s groundwater source and contaminant prevention. Coordinate these efforts<br />
with the regional agencies.<br />
• Restrict land uses in the 1-year time <strong>of</strong> travel zones that pose a high risk to groundwater,<br />
such as gas stations, oil recycling, dry cleaners, fuel storage facilities, high density<br />
animal keeping, high density septic systems, and golf courses. Coordinate these efforts<br />
with King County.<br />
• Develop signage at the perimeter <strong>of</strong> and at strategic locations around the wellhead<br />
protection areas to inform people that they are entering an area that contains a potential<br />
drinking water source that is vulnerable to surface activities.<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Wellhead Protection Program (12/29/04-14:56) 10 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Existing <strong>Water</strong> Right(s) Status<br />
Permit Certificate or Claim #<br />
Name <strong>of</strong><br />
Rightholder or<br />
Priority Date<br />
Source<br />
Number<br />
Primary or<br />
Supplemental<br />
Existing <strong>Water</strong> Rights*<br />
(Irrigation Use)<br />
Maximum<br />
Instantaneous<br />
Flow Rate (Qi)<br />
Maximum<br />
Annual Volume<br />
(Qa)<br />
Existing Consumption<br />
Maximum<br />
Instantaneous<br />
Flow Rate (Qi)<br />
Maximum<br />
Annual Volume<br />
(Qa)<br />
Current <strong>Water</strong> Right Status<br />
(Excess/Deficiency)<br />
Maximum<br />
Instantaneous<br />
Flow Rate (Qi)<br />
Maximum<br />
Annual Volume<br />
(Qa)<br />
Permits/ Certificates<br />
1 674 D* Town <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> 4/8/1940 N/A Primary 65 35 5 0.15 60 34.85<br />
2<br />
3<br />
Claims<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
TOTAL<br />
********* ****** ****** ********** 65 gpm 35 af 5 gpm 0.15 af 60 gpm 34.85 af<br />
Intertie Name/Identifier<br />
Name <strong>of</strong> Purveyor Providing <strong>Water</strong><br />
Existing Limits on Intertie <strong>Water</strong><br />
Use<br />
Maximum<br />
Instantaneous<br />
Flow Rate (Qi)<br />
Maximum<br />
Annual Volume<br />
(Qa)<br />
Existing Consumption Through<br />
Intertie<br />
Maximum<br />
Instantaneous<br />
Flow Rate (Qi)<br />
Maximum<br />
Annual Volume<br />
(Qa)<br />
Current Intertie Supply Status<br />
Maximum<br />
Instantaneous<br />
Flow Rate (Qi)<br />
Maximum<br />
Annual Volume<br />
(Qa)<br />
1 Tolt 1 Supply Station Seattle Public Utilities Not Restricted 485 355 N/A<br />
2 Tolt 2 Supply Station Seattle Public Utilities Not Restricted 151 111 N/A<br />
3<br />
4<br />
TOTAL<br />
********* ****** ****** ********** 0 gpm 0 af 636 gpm 466 af 0 gpm 0 af<br />
Pending <strong>Water</strong> Right<br />
Applications<br />
Name on Permit<br />
Date Submitted<br />
Primary or<br />
Supplemental<br />
Pending <strong>Water</strong> Rights<br />
Maximum Instantaneous Flow Maximum Annual Volume (Qa)<br />
Rate (Qi)<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
* This water right is not used for consumption and is occasionally used for irrigation purposes only. All potable water supply is provided by SPU.<br />
11/18/2004, 1:52 PM J:\data\DUV\102-081\01\Source-Quality\<strong>Water</strong> Rights Self Assessment.xls
Forecasted <strong>Water</strong> Right(s) Status<br />
Permit Certificate or Claim #<br />
Name <strong>of</strong><br />
Rightholder or<br />
Claimant<br />
Priority Date<br />
Source<br />
Number<br />
Primary or<br />
Supplemental<br />
Existing <strong>Water</strong> Rights*<br />
(Irrigation Use)<br />
Forecasted <strong>Water</strong> Use From<br />
Sources (20 Year Demand)<br />
Forecasted <strong>Water</strong> Right Status<br />
(Excess/Deficiency 20 Yr<br />
Demand in <strong>Water</strong> Right)<br />
Maximum<br />
Instantaneous<br />
Flow Rate (Qi)<br />
Maximum<br />
Annual Volume<br />
(Qa)<br />
Maximum<br />
Instantaneous<br />
Flow Rate (Qi)<br />
Maximum<br />
Annual Volume<br />
(Qa)<br />
Maximum<br />
Instantaneous<br />
Flow Rate (Qi)<br />
Maximum<br />
Annual Volume<br />
(Qa)<br />
Permits/ Certificates<br />
1 674 D* Town <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> 4/8/1940 N/A Primary 65 35 5 0.15 60 34.85<br />
2<br />
3<br />
Claims<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
TOTAL<br />
********* ****** ****** ********** 65 gpm 35 af 5 gpm 0.15 af 60 gpm 34.85 af<br />
Intertie Name/Identifier<br />
Name <strong>of</strong> Purveyor Providing <strong>Water</strong><br />
Existing Limits on Intertie <strong>Water</strong><br />
Use<br />
Maximum<br />
Instantaneous<br />
Flow Rate (Qi)<br />
Maximum<br />
Annual Volume<br />
(Qa)<br />
Existing Consumption Through<br />
Intertie<br />
Maximum<br />
Instantaneous<br />
Flow Rate (Qi)<br />
Maximum<br />
Annual Volume<br />
(Qa)<br />
Current Intertie Supply Status<br />
(Excess/Deficiency)<br />
Maximum<br />
Instantaneous<br />
Flow Rate (Qi)<br />
Maximum<br />
Annual Volume<br />
(Qa)<br />
1 Tolt 1 Supply Station Seattle Public Utilities Not Restricted 485 355 N/A<br />
2 Tolt 2 Supply Station Seattle Public Utilities Not Restricted 151 111 N/A<br />
3<br />
4<br />
TOTAL<br />
********* ****** ****** ********** Not Restricted 636 gpm 466 af N/A<br />
Pending <strong>Water</strong> Right<br />
Applications<br />
Name on Permit<br />
Date Submitted<br />
Primary or<br />
Supplemental<br />
Pending <strong>Water</strong> Rights<br />
Maximum Instantaneous Flow<br />
Rate (Qi)<br />
Maximum Annual Volume (Qa)<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
* This water right is not used for consumption and is occasionally used for irrigation purposes only. All potable water supply is provided by SPU.<br />
11/18/2004, 1:52 PM J:\data\DUV\102-081\01\Source-Quality\<strong>Water</strong> Rights Self Assessment.xls, Future
CITY OF DUVALL<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Quality Monitoring <strong>Plan</strong><br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
This <strong>Water</strong> Quality Monitoring <strong>Plan</strong> presents the requirements for monitoring water quality in<br />
the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>’s (<strong>City</strong>) distribution system in accordance with the drinking water regulations<br />
contained in WAC 246-290-300. This plan also provides a summary <strong>of</strong> the existing water system<br />
facilities and system operation.<br />
Existing <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Description<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Information<br />
The <strong>City</strong> is a municipal corporation that owns and operates a public water system within its<br />
corporate boundaries. <strong>Water</strong> system data on file at the Department <strong>of</strong> Health (DOH) for the<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> system is as follows:<br />
Information Type<br />
Description<br />
<strong>System</strong> Type<br />
Group A - Community - Public <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong><br />
<strong>System</strong> Name<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
County<br />
King<br />
DOH <strong>System</strong> ID Number 207508<br />
Owner Number 1625<br />
Address 15525 Main St. NE, <strong>Duvall</strong>, WA 98019<br />
Contact<br />
Mr. Steven Leniszewski, P.E., Associate <strong>City</strong> Engineer<br />
Contact Phone Number (425) 788-3434<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Operation and Control<br />
The existing water system is divided into five pressure zones, due to the wide range <strong>of</strong> elevations<br />
that are served (between 55 feet and 500 feet). All water supply is provided through two<br />
metered connections from Seattle Public Utilities (SPU) Tolt Pipeline No. 1 that follows an<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 1 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\<strong>Water</strong> Quality Monitoring <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-14:58)
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
alignment directly south <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>. The Tolt 1 Supply Station provides water to the 615 Zone<br />
and indirectly fills the 0.5 MG Crestview Estates Reservoir in the 555 Zone through an altitude<br />
control valve at the reservoir site. <strong>Water</strong> from this supply station can also indirectly fill the 450<br />
Zone 2.2 MG Big Rock Road Reservoir through an altitude control valve at the reservoir site.<br />
Tolt 2 Supply Station provides water directly to the 450 Zone and the Big Rock Road Reservoir.<br />
The settings <strong>of</strong> the supply facilities and water usage throughout the system dictate the amount <strong>of</strong><br />
water either flowing into or out <strong>of</strong> the reservoirs. The 615 Zone Booster Pump Station draws<br />
water from the 450 Zone Big Rock Road Reservoir and pumps it into the closed 615 Zone (i.e.,<br />
no storage within the zone) to meet 615 Zone demands and to supply water to the 0.5 MG<br />
Crestview Estates Reservoir when the altitude valve opens for filling the reservoir. The 485<br />
Zone and the 330 Zone are supplied by pressure reducing stations with water that originates from<br />
the 555 and 450 Zones, respectively.<br />
Pressure Zones<br />
A list <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s existing pressure zones and their respective maximum hydraulic elevation is<br />
presented in Table 1. The table also shows the estimated connections and population in each<br />
pressure zone in 2002, based on a review <strong>of</strong> 2002 water supply data.<br />
Table 1<br />
Pressure Zones<br />
Name<br />
Maximum Hydraulic<br />
Elevation<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Demand<br />
Allocation<br />
Estimated<br />
Connections<br />
Estimated<br />
Population<br />
615 615 feet 41% 801 2,128<br />
555 555 feet 29% 567 1,505<br />
485 485 feet 1% 19 52<br />
450 450 feet 11% 215 571<br />
330 330 feet 18% 352 934<br />
Totals 1,954 5,190<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Sources<br />
The <strong>City</strong>’s existing active water source is presented below in Table 1. All <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s water is<br />
currently purchased from Seattle Public Utilities.<br />
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<strong>Water</strong> Quality Monitoring <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Table 2<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Sources<br />
DOH<br />
No. Source Name Category Use<br />
S01 77050Y/Seattle Purchase - Treated Permanent<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Storage<br />
A list <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s existing water storage facilities is presented below in Table 3.<br />
Table 3<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Storage<br />
Name Pressure Zone Material<br />
Volume<br />
(gallons)<br />
Overflow Elv.<br />
(feet)<br />
Current<br />
Status<br />
Big Rock Road 450 Steel 2,200,000 450 Active<br />
Crestview Estates 555 Steel 500,000 555 Active<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Treatment<br />
All water treatment is currently provided by SPU. The <strong>City</strong>’s water is chlorinated to disinfect<br />
and kill harmful bacteria that may be present in the water and fluoridated to assist in the<br />
prevention <strong>of</strong> tooth decay. Additionally, filtration and ozonation <strong>of</strong> SPU’s Tolt River source is<br />
provided by the Tolt Treatment Facility, which became operational at the end <strong>of</strong> 2000.<br />
Pump Stations<br />
The 615 Zone Booster Pump Station pumps water from the 450 Zone to the closed 615 Zone.<br />
Pressure Reducing Stations<br />
A list <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s existing pressure reducing stations is presented below in Table 4.<br />
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<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Table 4<br />
Pressure Reducing Stations<br />
Name<br />
Upper Zone<br />
(From)<br />
Lower Zone<br />
(To)<br />
Current<br />
Status<br />
3rd & Stewart 450 330 Active<br />
3rd & Cherry 450 330 Active<br />
3rd & Stella 450 330 Active<br />
3rd & Virginia 450 330 Active<br />
Park Street 450 330 Active<br />
Kennedy Drive 450 330 Active<br />
265th and 145th 450 330 Active<br />
143rd & 268th 450 330 Active<br />
NE Big Rock Road 450 330 Active<br />
Stephens St & Broadway 450 330 Active<br />
Sunset Heights 144th 555 450 Active<br />
272nd & 143rd 555 450 Active<br />
Bruett Road 555 450 Active<br />
Millers Home Stead 555 450 Active<br />
275th & 141st 555 485 Active<br />
Kasper Heights 555 485 Active<br />
282nd & 140th 615 555 Active<br />
Manion & 156th 615 555 Active<br />
150th & 278th 615 555 Active<br />
SOURCE WATER QUALITY MONITORING<br />
The quality <strong>of</strong> drinking water in the <strong>City</strong>’s water system is regulated by the requirements that are<br />
contained in Chapter 246-290 <strong>of</strong> the Washington Administrative Code (WAC). Since all water<br />
is supplied to <strong>Duvall</strong> from SPU, the <strong>City</strong> relies on the personnel and procedures <strong>of</strong> SPU to<br />
provide a reliable and high-quality supply <strong>of</strong> water to the <strong>City</strong>’s system. SPU is responsible for<br />
the quality <strong>of</strong> the water from the source to the <strong>City</strong>’s two metered supply connections, whereas<br />
the <strong>City</strong> is responsible for the quality <strong>of</strong> the water within the <strong>City</strong>’s water distribution system.<br />
SPU is required to perform water quality monitoring at each <strong>of</strong> the two active sources for<br />
inorganic chemical and physical substances, organic chemicals, unregulated inorganic and<br />
organic chemicals, and radionuclides. The water quality laboratory <strong>of</strong> SPU routinely monitors<br />
the quality <strong>of</strong> water at the Cedar and Tolt River sources for these substances and subsequently<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\<strong>Water</strong> Quality Monitoring <strong>Plan</strong> (1/6/05-15:20) 4 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> Quality Monitoring <strong>Plan</strong><br />
reports the results to <strong>Duvall</strong> and its other regional supply customers.<br />
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WATER QUALITY MONITORING<br />
The <strong>City</strong> is required to perform water quality monitoring within the distribution system for<br />
coliform bacteria, disinfectant (chlorine) residual concentration, lead and copper, and<br />
trihalomethanes in accordance with WAC 246-290. However, most <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s required<br />
monitoring and testing is accomplished by SPU.<br />
Monitoring Requirements and Procedures<br />
Coliform Bacteria Routine Sampling – SPU provides coliform monitoring <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s water<br />
system as part <strong>of</strong> its regional monitoring program. Specific requirements are contained in WAC<br />
246-290-300. <strong>Duvall</strong> receives all <strong>of</strong> its water from SPU, which has an agreement with DOH that<br />
allows purveyors using water supplied by SPU to collect 70 percent <strong>of</strong> the samples required.<br />
Based on the population served by the <strong>City</strong>, a minimum <strong>of</strong> six (6) coliform samples are required<br />
each month; however, SPU’s agreement with DOH reduces the minimum number <strong>of</strong> samples per<br />
month to five (5). If a coliform presence is detected in a sample, repeat samples must be taken in<br />
accordance with the repeat sampling discussion below.<br />
Table 5 lists the addresses <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s routine sampling locations, including the upstream and<br />
downstream sampling locations in the event that repeat sampling is necessary. The sample sites<br />
are also shown in Figure 1 and correspond to the assigned numbers in the table.<br />
Table 5<br />
Coliform Monitoring Sampling Locations<br />
Pressure<br />
Number Address Zone<br />
DU-1 Intersection <strong>of</strong> 3rd Ave NE and NE Stewart St 450<br />
* DU-1R1 15826 3rd Ave NE (Residence) 450<br />
* DU-1R2 26804 NE Cherry St (Residence) 450<br />
DU-2 28522 NE 151st St 615<br />
* DU-2R1 28518 NE 153rd St (Residence) 615<br />
* DU-2R2 15217 286th Avenue NE (Residence) 615<br />
* Repeat sampling sites<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 5 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\<strong>Water</strong> Quality Monitoring <strong>Plan</strong> (1/6/05-15:20)
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
A total <strong>of</strong> five samples are collected each month in accordance with the schedule shown in Table<br />
6. Samples are taken at each site every month.<br />
Table 6<br />
Coliform Monitoring Sampling Rotation Schedule<br />
Month Sites Repeat Sites<br />
January<br />
February<br />
March<br />
April<br />
May<br />
June<br />
July<br />
August<br />
September<br />
October<br />
November<br />
December<br />
DU-1<br />
DU-2<br />
DU-1<br />
DU-2<br />
DU-1<br />
DU-2<br />
DU-1<br />
DU-2<br />
DU-1<br />
DU-2<br />
DU-1<br />
DU-2<br />
DU-1<br />
DU-2<br />
DU-1<br />
DU-2<br />
DU-1<br />
DU-2<br />
DU-1<br />
DU-2<br />
DU-1<br />
DU-2<br />
DU-1<br />
DU-2<br />
DU-1R1, DU-1R2<br />
DU-2R1, DU-2R2<br />
DU-1R1, DU-1R2<br />
DU-2R1, DU-2R2<br />
DU-1R1, DU-1R2<br />
DU-2R1, DU-2R2<br />
DU-1R1, DU-1R2<br />
DU-2R1, DU-2R2<br />
DU-1R1, DU-1R2<br />
DU-2R1, DU-2R2<br />
DU-1R1, DU-1R2<br />
DU-2R1, DU-2R2<br />
DU-1R1, DU-1R2<br />
DU-2R1, DU-2R2<br />
DU-1R1, DU-1R2<br />
DU-2R1, DU-2R2<br />
DU-1R1, DU-1R2<br />
DU-2R1, DU-2R2<br />
DU-1R1, DU-1R2<br />
DU-2R1, DU-2R2<br />
DU-1R1, DU-1R2<br />
DU-2R1, DU-2R2<br />
DU-1R1, DU-1R2<br />
DU-2R1, DU-2R2<br />
Coliform Bacteria Repeat Sampling – The <strong>City</strong> is responsible for follow-up or repeat sampling<br />
if samples collected by SPU test positive for coliforms. In the event that a sample tests positive<br />
for coliform, a repeat sample shall be taken at the same location as the suspect sample and two<br />
additional samples shall be taken within five service connections upstream and downstream <strong>of</strong><br />
the suspect sample. These repeat samples shall be taken by the end <strong>of</strong> the next business day after<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\<strong>Water</strong> Quality Monitoring <strong>Plan</strong> (1/6/05-15:20) 6 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
<strong>Water</strong> Quality Monitoring <strong>Plan</strong><br />
receiving the unsatisfactory results. If the results conclude that a maximum contaminant level<br />
(MCL) is exceeded (i.e., coliform are present in two or more samples for the month, including<br />
repeat samples), the <strong>City</strong> shall proceed with public notification in accordance with WAC 246-<br />
290.<br />
Disinfectant Residual Concentration – Specific requirements are contained in WAC 246-290<br />
for disinfectant residual concentration monitoring. The samples collected by SPU for coliform<br />
analysis are also analyzed for residual disinfectant concentration by the SPU <strong>Water</strong> Quality<br />
Laboratory. The minimum residual disinfectant concentration entering the <strong>City</strong>’s distribution<br />
system should be at least 0.2 mg/L. Samples taken within the distribution system are required to<br />
have a residual disinfectant concentration that is detectable in at least 95 percent <strong>of</strong> the samples<br />
taken each calendar month.<br />
Asbestos – Specific requirements are contained in 40 CFR 141.23(b). Since the <strong>City</strong> has<br />
asbestos cement pipe in its water system, the <strong>City</strong> is required to sample water from a tap that is<br />
served by an asbestos cement pipe once every nine years. The current maximum contaminant<br />
level for asbestos is seven million fibers per liter and greater than ten microns in length.<br />
Fluoride Concentration – Specific requirements are contained in WAC 246-290-460 for<br />
systems that are fluoridating drinking water. SPU currently fluoridates the <strong>City</strong>’s water supply<br />
and is therefore required to maintain fluoride concentration in the range <strong>of</strong> 0.8 through 1.3 mg/L.<br />
Determinations <strong>of</strong> fluoride concentrations shall be made daily, and reports <strong>of</strong> the analyses shall<br />
be submitted to DOH within ten days <strong>of</strong> the end <strong>of</strong> the reporting month. Monthly check samples<br />
shall be taken downstream <strong>of</strong> each fluoride injection point, at the first sample tap where adequate<br />
mixing has occurred.<br />
Disinfection By-Products – SPU provides disinfection by-products monitoring <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s<br />
water system as part <strong>of</strong> its regional water quality monitoring program. Specific requirements are<br />
contained in WAC 246-290-300.<br />
Lead and Copper – Specific requirements are contained in Title 40, Parts 141.86, 141.87, and<br />
141.88 <strong>of</strong> the Code <strong>of</strong> Federal Regulations (CFR). The <strong>City</strong> participates in SPU’s regional lead<br />
and copper monitoring program. The <strong>City</strong> obtained samples from one location within the water<br />
service area most recently in 1997 for the regional monitoring program and submitted the<br />
samples to the SPU <strong>Water</strong> Quality Laboratory for analysis. Although the <strong>City</strong>’s sample did not<br />
exceed the action levels, the regional testing did, requiring annual public education and treatment<br />
improvements because compliance is determined on a regional basis. SPU is resuming lead and<br />
copper monitoring in 2003 and 2004, now that the treatment improvements are completed at the<br />
Tolt Treatment Facility.<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> provides information on lead and copper to customers in their annual drinking water<br />
quality report to comply with public notification requirements for lead and copper.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 7 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\<strong>Water</strong> Quality Monitoring <strong>Plan</strong> (1/6/05-15:20)
2003<br />
Annual Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Quality Report<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> Has High Quality Drinking <strong>Water</strong><br />
We're pleased to present to you this year's Annual Quality <strong>Water</strong> Report. This report is designed to<br />
inform you about the quality <strong>of</strong> water and services we deliver to you every day. Our constant goal is to<br />
provide you with a safe and dependable supply <strong>of</strong> drinking water. We want you to understand the efforts<br />
we make to continually improve the water treatment process and protect our water resources. We are<br />
committed to ensuring the quality <strong>of</strong> your water. This report is written to keep you informed about the<br />
excellent water and services we have delivered to you over the past year. Our goal is and always has<br />
been, to provide to you a safe and dependable supply <strong>of</strong> drinking water.<br />
Do You Know Whom Provides And Maintains Your Drinking <strong>Water</strong>?<br />
Seattle provides many <strong>City</strong> and <strong>Water</strong> Districts with water to supply their customers. The <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
purchases all <strong>of</strong> its water from the Seattle Public Utility Department (SPU). SPU has a large water main<br />
located South <strong>of</strong> the city limits.<br />
Two transmission mains connect the <strong>City</strong> distribution system to the SPU supply system. A 10-inch water<br />
main is nearly two miles long and extends from the SPU pipeline to the intersection <strong>of</strong> Third Avenue and<br />
Stephens Street. A second transmission main, consisting <strong>of</strong> a 12-inch pipe, connects to the SPU pipeline<br />
where it crosses Big Rock Road and extends to the intersection <strong>of</strong> NE 142 nd Pl. and 282 nd Avenue NE.<br />
The water system consists <strong>of</strong> over 20 miles <strong>of</strong> water mains, a 2.2 million gallon storage tank, a 0.5<br />
million gallon storage tank, and 25 pressure reducing stations. The type <strong>of</strong> materials being used for the<br />
transmission main consists <strong>of</strong> Asbestos Cement, PVC, and Ductile Iron. Currently there are 1,948 service<br />
connections to the <strong>City</strong> transmission system. (When you read the tables below note that the <strong>City</strong> only<br />
receives water from the Tolt <strong>Water</strong> Supply and not the Cedar <strong>Water</strong> Supply)<br />
Information For Your Review<br />
The <strong>City</strong> has on file, for customer review, the 1994 <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>, a Cross-Connection<br />
Control <strong>Plan</strong>, Development Design Standards, and the <strong>Water</strong> Shortage Response <strong>Plan</strong>. We are currently<br />
in the process if updateing our water comprehensive plan so that we can more accurately address the<br />
Cities growing needs as well as deliver the highest quality water to our customers. Also on file are testing<br />
results conducted by the <strong>City</strong> and the Seattle Public Utilities Department.<br />
The <strong>City</strong> is pleased to report that our drinking water is safe and meets all federal and state requirements.<br />
You Own The <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong><br />
The citizens <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> own the <strong>City</strong> water distribution system. <strong>City</strong> council meetings are held on the 2 nd<br />
and 4 th Thursday <strong>of</strong> each month. They are held in the Rose Room, lower level <strong>of</strong> the library, starting at<br />
7:00pm. Your questions and concerns can be presented at the beginning <strong>of</strong> any council meeting. The<br />
telephone number for <strong>City</strong> Hall is (425) 788-1185. The operator in charge <strong>of</strong> the water system is Steven<br />
Leniszewski, PE and his phone number is (425) 788-3434 extension 225. He may be contacted with any<br />
questions and will answer them as quickly as possible. We want our valued customers to be informed<br />
about their water utility.<br />
1
2002 <strong>Water</strong> Quality Monitoring Results<br />
The Seattle Public Utility Department (SPU) routinely monitors for constituents in your drinking water<br />
according to Federal and State laws. The following are results <strong>of</strong> water monitoring for 2002. We like to<br />
provide all the results that we have even though we only purchase water from SPU out <strong>of</strong> their Tolt<br />
<strong>Water</strong>shed, so when you read the following results remember that the Tolt supply water is the water you<br />
purchase and use.<br />
All drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts<br />
<strong>of</strong> some contaminants. The presence <strong>of</strong> contaminants does not necessarily indicate that the water poses a<br />
health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling<br />
the Environmental Protection Agency’s Safe Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Hotline at 1-800-426-4791.<br />
Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminates in drinking water than the general population.<br />
Immune-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have<br />
undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly,<br />
and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking<br />
water from their health care providers or the Safe Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Hotline at 1-800-426-4791.<br />
The 2002 water quality monitoring confirmed that there were no contaminants at or above established<br />
levels <strong>of</strong> concern for the general public. The table titled “<strong>Water</strong> Quality Monitoring Results” lists the<br />
contaminants detected in 2002 together with their concentrations and possible sources. The following<br />
paragraphs describe the significance <strong>of</strong> a few <strong>of</strong> these contaminants. If you would like a copy <strong>of</strong> the list<br />
<strong>of</strong> undetected contaminants, please call (425) 788-3434 extension 225 and the <strong>City</strong> will contact SPU to<br />
obtain your requested information.<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Clarity<br />
Turbidity, which is a measure <strong>of</strong> water's clarity, has no direct health effect but indicates the overall<br />
quality <strong>of</strong> the water. High turbidity can reduce the effectiveness <strong>of</strong> disinfection. The water the <strong>City</strong><br />
purchases from SPU has a very low turbidity. The unit <strong>of</strong> measurement for turbidity is the NTU<br />
(nephelometric turbidity unit).<br />
Cryptosporidium<br />
Cryptosporidium Parvum is a protozoan pathogen (disease-causing organism) commonly found in the<br />
natural environment. Most rivers and streams across the country have detectable concentrations <strong>of</strong> this<br />
pathogen. In the water we purchase from SPU for our drinking, Cryptosporidium sources include deer,<br />
elk, and wolves in the watershed. Chlorinating is ineffective against Cryptosporidium; however, there<br />
have been no disease outbreaks associated with SPU or <strong>Duvall</strong>'s drinking water. SPU has recently<br />
upgraded the disinfection process by adding Ozonation to the treatment <strong>of</strong> our water. Ozonation is the<br />
adding <strong>of</strong> ozone gas, a powerful disinfectant which is very effective at destroying Cryptosporidium,<br />
Giardia, bacteria and viruses and aids the filtration process.<br />
Source water Cryptosporidium monitoring was conducted for 2002. Cryptosporidium samples were not<br />
collected from the Tolt supply due to removal and inactivation <strong>of</strong> Cryptosporidium by the Tolt Filtration<br />
<strong>Plan</strong>t. Furthermore, the method used for detecting Cryptosporidium cannot determine if the organisms,<br />
which are detected, are alive and possibly harmful, or dead and presumably harmless.<br />
2
“<strong>Water</strong> Quality Monitoring Results”<br />
EPA’s<br />
Allowable<br />
Limits<br />
Detected Compounds Units MCLG<br />
MCL<br />
Levels in<br />
Cedar <strong>Water</strong><br />
Levels in Tolt<br />
<strong>Water</strong><br />
Average Range Average Range Typical Sources<br />
Clarity (Measured Before Treatment)<br />
Turbidity NTU NA TT 0.7 0.2 – 4.0 0.07 0.05– 0.2 Soil run<strong>of</strong>f<br />
Inorganic and Organic Parameters (Measured After Treatment)<br />
Fluoride ppm 4 4 1.0 0.9 – 1.1 1.0 0.1 – 1.2 <strong>Water</strong> additive that promotes<br />
strong teeth.<br />
Nitrate ppm 10 10 0.022 --- 0.12 --- Erosion from natural<br />
deposits<br />
Only one sample was collected for nitrate for each supply.<br />
TT = treatment technique<br />
100% <strong>of</strong> the samples from the Tolt Treatment Facility were below 0.5 NTU for each month in 2002.<br />
Disinfection Byproducts<br />
(Measured in<br />
the Distribution <strong>System</strong>)<br />
Units<br />
MCLG<br />
MCL<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Range<br />
(Low)<br />
Range<br />
(High)<br />
Typical Sources<br />
Total Trihalomethanes PPB NA 100 25.0 11.0 45.0 Soil run<strong>of</strong>f<br />
Definitions<br />
Parts per billion (ppb) or Micrograms per liter - one part per billion corresponds to one minute in 2,000<br />
years, or a single penny in $10,000,000.<br />
Parts per million (ppm) or Milligrams per liter (mg/l) - one part per million corresponds to one minute in<br />
two years or a single penny in $10,000.<br />
FML > 10um: Million Fibers per Liter greater than 10um in length. Samples with values higher than<br />
seven (7) MFL are above the EPA maximum contaminant level MCL and must be reported to the<br />
appropriate state agency for an assessment <strong>of</strong> vulnerability.<br />
Maximum Contaminate Level (MCL): The highest level <strong>of</strong> a contaminate that is allowed in drinking<br />
water. MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology.<br />
MCL’s are set at very stringent levels. To understand the possible health effects described for many<br />
regulated constituents, a person would have to drink 2 liters <strong>of</strong> water every day at the MCL level for a<br />
lifetime to have a one-in-a-million chance <strong>of</strong> having the described health effect.<br />
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal ( MCLG): The level <strong>of</strong> a contaminate in drinking water below which<br />
there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin <strong>of</strong> safety.<br />
Treatment Technique (TT): A required process intended to reduce the level <strong>of</strong> a contaminant in drinking<br />
water.<br />
Action Level (AL): The concentration <strong>of</strong> a contaminant, which, if exceeded, triggers treatment, or other<br />
requirement, which a water system must follow.<br />
NA: Not applicable<br />
ND: Not detected1 mg/l = 1000 ug/l<br />
For water samples: 1 part per million (PPM) = 1 mg<br />
1 part per billion (PPBP) = 1 ug/l<br />
3
Residential Tap Monitoring for Lead and Copper<br />
The source waters do not contain lead or copper. However, lead and copper can leach into residential<br />
water from building plumbing systems containing copper plumbing, lead-based solder, brass fixtures, or<br />
some types <strong>of</strong> zinc coatings used on galvanized pipes and fittings. Homes built or plumbed with copper<br />
pipe prior to the 1980 Seattle or King County lead solder bans would have likely used lead-based solder,<br />
and are considered "high risk" per EPA's criteria. Brass fixtures, regardless <strong>of</strong> age, generally also contain<br />
some lead. Metals leach into building plumbing systems when water is stagnant in the pipes for extended<br />
periods <strong>of</strong> time (6 hours or greater).<br />
By regulation, lead and copper monitoring is conducted at "high risk" homes. Samples are collected from<br />
these homes after the water is allowed to stand in the pipes overnight. The city is required to report the<br />
"90 th percentile" result <strong>of</strong> the testing. This means that 90 percent <strong>of</strong> the "high risk" homes have<br />
concentrations less than the reported value, and 10 percent have concentrations higher than the report<br />
value. Lead and Copper monitoring was conducted most recently in 1997. Homes in Seattle were tested<br />
at the same time as homes located in cities and districts that purchase water from SPU. This testing<br />
included the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>. Compliance is determined on a regional basis.<br />
Lead And Copper<br />
Combined Regional Monitoring for<br />
Lead and Copper<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Lead and Copper<br />
Lead and Copper – Regional Monitoring Program Results<br />
Parameter and Units MCLG 90 th Percentile Regional 90 th Number <strong>of</strong> Homes Source<br />
Action Level Percentile Exceeding Action Level<br />
Lead, ppb 0 15 19.3 53 <strong>of</strong> 390 (14%) Corrosion <strong>of</strong> household<br />
Copper, ppm 1.3 1.3 0.6 0 <strong>of</strong> 390 plumbing systems<br />
Lead and copper data from 1997 sampling at customers’ taps. Next sampling round in 2003 – 2004.<br />
Even though <strong>Duvall</strong> concentrations do not exceed the Action Level, the 90 th percentile lead concentration<br />
for regional monitoring does exceed this level. Because regional testing exceeded the Action Level<br />
annual public education and additional treatment improvements are required. Because the 90 th percentile<br />
lead concentration is not expected to change significantly until after the Seattle <strong>Water</strong> Department's new<br />
Tolt treatment facilities are in operation, Seattle and the <strong>City</strong> has entered into a Bilateral Compliance<br />
Agreement with the Washington State Department <strong>of</strong> Health which allows us to suspend customer tap<br />
sampling until the new facilities are in operation. This Agreement was signed in May 1997.<br />
Infants and young children are typically more vulnerable to lead in drinking water than the general<br />
population. It is possible that lead levels at your home may be higher than at other homes in the<br />
community as a result <strong>of</strong> materials used in your home’s plumbing. If you are concerned about elevated<br />
lead levels in your home’s water, you may wish to have your water tested and flush your tap for 30<br />
seconds to 2 minutes before using tap water. Additional information is available from the EPA’s Safe<br />
Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Hotline (1-800-426-4791).<br />
Infants and children who drink water containing lead in excess <strong>of</strong> the action level could experience<br />
delays in their physical or mental development. Children could show slight deficits in attention span and<br />
learning abilities. Adults who drink this water over many years could develop kidney problems or high<br />
blood pressure.<br />
SPU has provided the <strong>City</strong> a source water protection plan, available for your review that provides<br />
information such as potential sources <strong>of</strong> contamination.<br />
4
Tolt River Treatment Facility – A Noticeable Improvement<br />
The new and improved facility utilizes a state <strong>of</strong> the art ozonation process that is used to provide<br />
increased levels <strong>of</strong> disinfection. In addition, the Tolt Treatment Facility increases reliability and<br />
flexibility by permitting continuous operation through periods <strong>of</strong> elevated source water turbidity and<br />
allows for increased use <strong>of</strong> water from the Tolt supply. The plant is designed to provide up to 120 million<br />
gallons <strong>of</strong> water per day to Seattle and their 26 original wholesale customers (including our district), and<br />
includes the following treatment processes:<br />
1. Ozonation – Adding ozone gas, a powerful disinfectant that destroys Cryptosporidium, Giardia,<br />
bacteria, and viruses and aids the filtration process.<br />
2. Coagulation and flocculation – Gently stirring the water with small doses <strong>of</strong> chemicals to bring<br />
small particles together to form large particles that can be more easily filtered.<br />
3. Filtration – Removing the suspended solids (particles) by passing the water through a 6-foot deep<br />
bed <strong>of</strong> anthracite (crushed coal).<br />
4. Chlorination – Adding a secondary disinfectant to provide continued protection in the<br />
distribution system against microbial contamination.<br />
5. Fluoridation – Adding fluoride, which helps prevent tooth decay.<br />
6. Corrosion Control – Adding minerals, which increase the pH and alkalinity, to help reduce<br />
corrosion in building plumbing systems.<br />
All <strong>of</strong> these processes are monitored continuously at the facility, which is staffed 24 hours a day.<br />
Here are some <strong>of</strong> the expected improvements in water quality:<br />
• Reduced turbidity (improved clarity) <strong>of</strong> the water<br />
• Reduced disinfection by-product levels<br />
• Improved stability <strong>of</strong> pH and chlorine residual levels leaving the plant; slight reduction in<br />
chlorine residuals<br />
• Protection against microbes including Cryptosporidium<br />
To learn more about the Tolt Treatment Facility, see SPU’s website at<br />
www.city<strong>of</strong>seattle.net/util/DW/TOLT or call their water quality information telephone at 206-615-0827.<br />
Looking into the future<br />
Thank you for helping us to continue providing your family with clean, quality water this year. This has<br />
been a community effort. In order to maintain a safe and dependable water supply we sometimes need to<br />
make improvements that will benefit all <strong>of</strong> our customers. Last years improvements included a new<br />
distribution main in NE Virginia Street from Main Street to Fourth Avenue with included the connection<br />
<strong>of</strong> preiously stand alone lines for improvement in water pressure and circulation. The <strong>City</strong> is also<br />
underway in installing and using the Touch-to-Read meter reading system. These improvements are<br />
sometimes reflected as rate structure requests. Thank you for your understanding and support. Due to<br />
recent events throughout the nation, we have heightened the security <strong>of</strong> our water supply network and<br />
tried to limit the access to the system for your protection.<br />
We at the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> work around the clock to provide top quality water to every tap. We ask that all<br />
our customers help us protect our water sources, which are the heart <strong>of</strong> our community, our way <strong>of</strong> life<br />
and our children’s future.<br />
Please call our <strong>of</strong>fice at (425) 788-3434 if you have questions.<br />
5
CITY OF DUVALL<br />
Emergency Response <strong>Plan</strong><br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
This plan is designed to assist the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> (<strong>City</strong>) <strong>Water</strong> Department personnel in<br />
responding to water system emergencies. The use and success <strong>of</strong> this plan depends upon the<br />
accuracy <strong>of</strong> its contents. It is a working tool that must be maintained and updated regularly as<br />
changes in the water system occur. This plan contains the following six elements:<br />
• An overview <strong>of</strong> the existing water system.<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> system personnel responsible for making decisions in emergency situations.<br />
• Procedures for notification <strong>of</strong> water-related emergencies to water customers, the public,<br />
local health department, and the State Department <strong>of</strong> Health.<br />
• Vulnerability assessment <strong>of</strong> the water system facilities.<br />
• Contingency operation plan for responding to emergency events.<br />
• Recommendations.<br />
This document and a current map <strong>of</strong> the water system should be kept at the Public Works<br />
Facility so it will be readily available for use by <strong>Water</strong> Department personnel in the event <strong>of</strong> an<br />
emergency.<br />
OVERVIEW OF EXISTING SYSTEM<br />
The <strong>City</strong> provided water service to approximately 1,954 customer accounts in 2002 within an<br />
area <strong>of</strong> approximately 2.3 square miles. The <strong>City</strong>’s water service area is significantly larger than<br />
the existing city limits.<br />
Seattle Public Utilities (SPU) provides all water supply to the <strong>City</strong> through two metered<br />
connections. <strong>Water</strong> from SPU originates from the Tolt Treatment <strong>Plan</strong>t that provides filtration<br />
and ozonation, as well as chlorination and fluoridation. Currently, no interties exist with<br />
adjacent systems to provide supplemental or emergency water supply to the <strong>City</strong>’s system.<br />
<strong>Water</strong> storage is provided by two reservoirs (both located on the eastern side <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>), which<br />
have a total capacity <strong>of</strong> 2.7 million gallons (MG). <strong>Duvall</strong>’s water system has five pressure zones<br />
with 19 pressure reducing stations, one booster pump station, and more than 36 miles <strong>of</strong> water<br />
main.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 1 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Emergency Response <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-15:04)
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PERSONNEL<br />
Mr. Steven Leniszewski, Associate <strong>City</strong> Engineer, manages and supervises daily operations <strong>of</strong><br />
the water system. Mr. Leniszewski is also the Deputy Director <strong>of</strong> Emergency Management for<br />
the <strong>City</strong>.<br />
When an emergency is reported to the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> Police Department during non-working<br />
hours, the police contact the Public Works on-call person. This person assesses the emergency<br />
situation and calls the necessary <strong>Water</strong> Department personnel to respond, depending on the<br />
severity <strong>of</strong> the emergency situation.<br />
All emergency situations are reported to the Associate <strong>City</strong> Engineer. If the Associate <strong>City</strong><br />
Engineer is not available, the emergency situation should be reported to the Public Works<br />
Superintendent. One <strong>of</strong> these persons will direct the efforts to respond to the emergency<br />
situation, including proper notification <strong>of</strong> personnel described in the next section. The Associate<br />
<strong>City</strong> Engineer or Public Works Superintendent will be responsible for assessing the water system<br />
emergency and coordinating with water system personnel, other <strong>City</strong> departments, fire, and<br />
police, as necessary, to resolve the emergency situation. A list <strong>of</strong> these water system personnel<br />
and others responsible for making decisions in emergency situations is shown in Table 1 -<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Personnel Emergency Call-Up List.<br />
The <strong>Water</strong> Department may require outside assistance to properly respond to an emergency<br />
situation. For example, the <strong>City</strong> may need to retain engineering consultants to assist in<br />
evaluating affected facilities and planning a course <strong>of</strong> action, or may need to hire construction<br />
contractors to assist in repairing affected facilities. Coordination with SPU may be required if<br />
the emergency affects the regional supply system. A list <strong>of</strong> these and other support personnel<br />
that can assist the <strong>City</strong> during an emergency event is shown in Table 2 - <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong><br />
Support Services Call-Up List.<br />
DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Emergency Response <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-15:04) 2 CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN
Emergency Response <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Table 1<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Personnel Emergency Call-Up List<br />
The following is a list, in ranked order, <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> water system personnel that should be contacted<br />
in the event <strong>of</strong> an emergency.<br />
Contact Person<br />
(Name/Job Title) Personnel Responsibilities Work Phone Other Phone<br />
Steven Leniszewski, P.E.<br />
Associate <strong>City</strong> Engineer<br />
Mike Fisher<br />
Public Works Superintendent<br />
Mike Marty<br />
Operations Manager<br />
Jerry Marlette<br />
Public Works Supervisor<br />
Joe Chriest<br />
Maintenance Staff<br />
Brad Lauer<br />
Maintenance Staff<br />
Dustin Crawford<br />
Maintenance Staff<br />
Kyle Carrigan<br />
Maintenance Staff<br />
Oversees water system. Also acts as a telemetry<br />
operator and schedules water system O&M activities.<br />
425-788-3434 C 206-255-1601<br />
Responsible for day-to-day operation <strong>of</strong> water system. 425-788-3434 C 206-255-1374<br />
Telemetry coordinator and operator. Also responsible<br />
for day-to-day operation <strong>of</strong> water system.<br />
<strong>Plan</strong>s and directs the construction and O&M activities <strong>of</strong><br />
the water system.<br />
Performs O&M <strong>of</strong> water facilities. 425-788-3434<br />
Performs O&M <strong>of</strong> water facilities.<br />
Performs O&M <strong>of</strong> water facilities.<br />
425-788-0257 C 206-255-1372<br />
425-788-3332 C 425-471-1632<br />
425-788-3434<br />
425-788-3434<br />
Performs O&M <strong>of</strong> water facilities. 425-788-3434<br />
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<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Table 2<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Support Services Call-Up List<br />
The following is a list <strong>of</strong> organizations outside the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> that can assist the <strong>City</strong><br />
during an emergency event.<br />
Organization/<br />
Contact Person Type <strong>of</strong> Service Address Phone No.<br />
Engineering Services<br />
RH2 Engineering, Inc. 12100 NE 195th St. #100<br />
Engineering Support 800-720-8052<br />
Tom Lindberg, Rick Harbert Bothell, WA 98011<br />
Telemetry Services and Equipment<br />
Northern <strong>System</strong>s 9009 W. Mall Drive #2108<br />
Telemetry 425-210-2381<br />
Art Larson Everett, WA 98208<br />
GC <strong>System</strong>s PO Box 848<br />
Control Valves<br />
800-525-9425<br />
Dale Fletcher Sumner, WA 98390-0848<br />
RH2 Engineering, Inc. 12100 NE 195th St. #100<br />
Telemetry 800-720-8052<br />
Jim Swanson, Lee Tumbleson Bothell, WA 98011<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Material Suppliers<br />
Familian Northwest<br />
1012 132nd SW<br />
Pipe, Valves, Etc.<br />
425-742-4748<br />
Everett, WA 98206<br />
H.D. Fowler<br />
6016 29th Dr. NE<br />
Pipe, Valves, Etc. 360-651-2400<br />
Marysville, WA 98270<br />
Western Utilities<br />
4106 134th St. NE<br />
Meters 206-722-4800<br />
Tom Rontin Marysville, WA 98271<br />
Pump and Motor Suppliers<br />
PumpTech<br />
12020 SE 32nd Street, Suite2<br />
Supplies and Service 425-644-8501<br />
Doug Davidson Bellevue, WA 98005<br />
PACO/Johnston Pumps<br />
3215 S. 116th Street<br />
Supplies and Service 206-433-2600<br />
Seattle, WA 98168<br />
Adjacent <strong>Water</strong> Purveyors<br />
Woodinville <strong>Water</strong> District Equipment, Materials, 17238 NE Woodinville-<strong>Duvall</strong> Rd<br />
and Manpower Support Woodinville, WA 98072<br />
King County <strong>Water</strong> District 119 Equipment, Materials, 11106 318th Pl. S<br />
and Manpower Support Carnation, WA 98014<br />
425-483-9104<br />
425-788-2885<br />
NOTIFICATION PROCEDURES<br />
<strong>Water</strong> customers, the public, local health department, State Department <strong>of</strong> Health, King County<br />
Utility Inspection, and others may be notified during an emergency, depending on the type and<br />
severity <strong>of</strong> the emergency situation. A list <strong>of</strong> organizations that may be contacted during an<br />
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Emergency Response <strong>Plan</strong><br />
emergency is shown below in Table 3 - Emergency Notification Contact List. Following this<br />
table is a summary <strong>of</strong> the procedures for notification during an emergency event.<br />
Table 3<br />
Emergency Notification Contact List<br />
The following is a list <strong>of</strong> organizations that may be notified <strong>of</strong> an emergency event related to<br />
the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong>.<br />
Agency Contact Person Location Phone No.<br />
King County<br />
911 or<br />
Jim Lambert<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Fire District 45 425-788-1625<br />
<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
911 or<br />
Operator<br />
<strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Police Department 425-788-1519<br />
King County<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Public Health<br />
King County<br />
Utility Inspection<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Program<br />
Jay Fulwider<br />
Bellevue<br />
Seattle<br />
206-296-4932<br />
206-296-8122<br />
Seattle Public Utilities<br />
Ernie Dunston<br />
Seattle<br />
206-684-5551<br />
Washington State<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Health<br />
Washington State<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Ecology<br />
Verizon Telephone<br />
Puget Sound Energy<br />
KING 5 Television<br />
KIRO 7 Television<br />
KOMO 4 Television<br />
KSTW 11 Television<br />
KCPQ 13 Television<br />
KCTS 9 Television<br />
KIRO 710 AM Radio<br />
KOMO 1000 AM Radio<br />
Seattle Post-Intelligencer<br />
(Newspaper)<br />
The Seattle Times<br />
(Newspaper)<br />
Derek Pell, P.E.<br />
Ray Hellwig<br />
Kent 253-395-6763<br />
Bellevue 425-649-7010<br />
800-483-4000<br />
800-321-4123<br />
Seattle 206-448-5555<br />
Seattle 800-777-5476<br />
Seattle 206-443-4000<br />
Tacoma 253-441-7945<br />
Tacoma 206-625-1313<br />
Seattle 206-728-6463<br />
Seattle 206-726-7000<br />
Seattle 206-223-5700<br />
Seattle 206-448-8000<br />
Seattle 206-464-2111<br />
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<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Customers<br />
Customers and the general public will be notified in the event <strong>of</strong> an emergency situation that<br />
affects either the quantity or quality <strong>of</strong> water supply. The customers will be notified through the<br />
radio and television news media <strong>of</strong> the emergency situation and how it affects them. If the<br />
emergency situation affects water quality, customers may be asked to boil water prior to drinking<br />
or cooking. If the emergency situation affects water quantity, customers may be asked to<br />
conserve water to prevent depletion <strong>of</strong> a potentially limited quantity <strong>of</strong> emergency supply.<br />
Priority Customers<br />
Priority customers that require uninterrupted water service will be notified directly. These<br />
customers could include home care kidney dialysis patients, medical facilities, and commercial<br />
customers that are especially vulnerable to loss <strong>of</strong> water service. At this time, no priority<br />
customers exist within the <strong>City</strong>’s boundaries.<br />
Health Departments<br />
The local health department and State Department <strong>of</strong> Health will be contacted directly if there<br />
are water quality problems, water shortage concerns, or any other emergency situations where<br />
public health is threatened.<br />
Police and Fire<br />
Police or fire personnel will be notified in the event <strong>of</strong> a fire or human safety emergency<br />
situation. The emergency phone number for these types <strong>of</strong> emergency situations is 911.<br />
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT<br />
A vulnerability assessment <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>’s water system was performed to determine the impact on<br />
the water system from different types <strong>of</strong> emergency events. The results <strong>of</strong> the assessment shown<br />
in Table 4 – Vulnerability Rating identify the water system components that are most<br />
vulnerable during a given emergency event. The emergency events considered for the<br />
assessment are earthquakes, windstorms, snowstorms, fire, vandalism and volcanic eruptions.<br />
For each emergency event, there are several resulting emergency conditions, many <strong>of</strong> which are<br />
identical for different types <strong>of</strong> emergency events. For example, a power outage type <strong>of</strong><br />
emergency condition could be the result <strong>of</strong> any <strong>of</strong> the emergency events described above.<br />
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Emergency Response <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Table 4<br />
Vulnerability Rating<br />
Wind Snow Volcanic<br />
Facility Earthquake Storm Storm Fire Vandalism Eruption<br />
SPU Supply <strong>System</strong><br />
High<br />
Low<br />
Low<br />
Moderate<br />
Moderate<br />
Moderate<br />
Supply Stations<br />
Moderate<br />
Low<br />
Low<br />
Moderate<br />
Low<br />
Low<br />
Big Rock Road Reservoir<br />
Moderate<br />
Low<br />
Low<br />
Low<br />
Moderate<br />
Low<br />
Crestview Estates Reservoir<br />
Moderate Low Low Low Moderate Low<br />
Big Rock Road Pump Station<br />
Moderate<br />
Low<br />
Low<br />
Moderate<br />
Moderate<br />
Low<br />
PRV's<br />
Moderate<br />
Low<br />
Low<br />
Low<br />
Low<br />
Low<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Mains<br />
High<br />
Low<br />
Moderate<br />
Low<br />
Low<br />
Low<br />
Telemetry <strong>System</strong><br />
High<br />
High<br />
High<br />
Moderate<br />
Moderate<br />
Low<br />
The results <strong>of</strong> the vulnerability assessment indicate that the telemetry system is the most<br />
vulnerable component <strong>of</strong> the water system, primarily because it relies on telephone lines for the<br />
transfer <strong>of</strong> data from the facilities to the master telemetry unit located at the Public Works<br />
Facility.<br />
CONTINGENCY OPERATION PLAN<br />
The following section contains contingency operation plans for responding to potential<br />
emergency conditions for each <strong>of</strong> the major system components. The prevention program<br />
outlines procedures and programs related to the use and care <strong>of</strong> personal protective equipment,<br />
respiratory protection, chemical and hazardous material identification, and hazard<br />
communication.<br />
Seattle Public Utilities<br />
Emergency Condition : Contamination<br />
Impact on <strong>System</strong><br />
: Potentially major impact. <strong>Water</strong> not suitable for potable use - complete<br />
loss <strong>of</strong> supply. Seattle Public Utilities supplies all <strong>of</strong> the potable water<br />
for <strong>Duvall</strong>.<br />
Emergency Response :<br />
1. Shut down both <strong>of</strong> the supply stations.<br />
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<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Emergency Condition : Pipeline Break<br />
Impact on <strong>System</strong><br />
2. Coordinate with Seattle on notifying customers.<br />
3. Notify DOH.<br />
4. Analyze water quality <strong>of</strong> water within reservoirs and dispose <strong>of</strong><br />
properly if contaminated.<br />
5. Disinfect reservoirs and water mains, as necessary, to remove<br />
contaminated residuals.<br />
6. Adjust control <strong>of</strong> system facilities, as necessary to provide supply from<br />
storage facilities if water within them is not contaminated.<br />
7. Implement water shortage response plan, as necessary, to ensure an<br />
adequate supply <strong>of</strong> water.<br />
: Potentially major impact. Reduction or complete loss <strong>of</strong> supply quantity<br />
and pressure.<br />
Emergency Response :<br />
1. Coordinate with SPU on extent <strong>of</strong> damage and duration <strong>of</strong> reduced<br />
supply.<br />
2. Adjust control <strong>of</strong> system facilities, as necessary, to provide supply<br />
from storage facilities if water within them is not contaminated.<br />
3. Implement water shortage response plan, as necessary, to ensure an<br />
adequate supply <strong>of</strong> water.<br />
Supply Stations<br />
Emergency Condition : Power Outage<br />
Impact on <strong>System</strong><br />
: Probably minor impact. Unable to adjust control valves via electronic<br />
controls. Sump pumps will not operate.<br />
Emergency Response : Contact Puget Sound Energy to restore power. Visit each station to<br />
monitor operation and manually adjust control, as necessary.<br />
Emergency Condition : Telemetry and Control Failure<br />
Impact on <strong>System</strong><br />
: Probably minor impact. Unable to remotely monitor and control supply<br />
stations.<br />
Emergency Response : Visit each station to monitor operation and manually adjust control, as<br />
necessary.<br />
Emergency Condition : Control Valve Failure<br />
Impact on <strong>System</strong><br />
: Potentially moderate impact. Unable to supply water to the system from<br />
this supply station.<br />
Emergency Response :<br />
1. Locate the failed control valve and close upstream and downstream<br />
valves to isolate it from the system.<br />
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Emergency Response <strong>Plan</strong><br />
2. Adjust other supply station, as necessary, to maintain proper supply to<br />
the system until failed valve is repaired.<br />
Reservoirs<br />
Emergency Condition : Structural Damage<br />
Impact on <strong>System</strong><br />
: Potentially major impact depending on reservoir (or reservoirs)<br />
damaged. Loss <strong>of</strong> storage capacity and reduced fire flow.<br />
Emergency Response :<br />
1. Isolate reservoir from water system.<br />
2. Notify police and nearby residents <strong>of</strong> potential danger.<br />
3. Notify local fire departments <strong>of</strong> reduced fire fighting capabilities in<br />
areas served by the reservoir.<br />
4. Drain reservoir, as necessary, to reduce level <strong>of</strong> damage and threat to<br />
local residents.<br />
5. Determine the extent <strong>of</strong> damage.<br />
6. Adjust control <strong>of</strong> other system facilities to operate system without the<br />
damaged reservoir.<br />
7. Implement water shortage response plan, as necessary, to ensure an<br />
adequate supply <strong>of</strong> water.<br />
Emergency Condition : Power Outage<br />
Impact on <strong>System</strong> : None<br />
Emergency Response : Contact Puget Sound Energy to restore power.<br />
Emergency Condition : Telemetry and Control Failure<br />
Impact on <strong>System</strong><br />
: Probably minor impact. Unable to remotely monitor and control<br />
reservoirs.<br />
Emergency Response : Visit each reservoir to monitor levels and manually adjust control for<br />
inflow and outflow, as necessary.<br />
Pump Stations<br />
Emergency Condition : Power Outage<br />
Impact on <strong>System</strong> : None. The 615 Zone Booster Pump Station is equipped with an<br />
emergency engine generator set.<br />
Emergency Response : Contact Puget Sound Energy to restore power.<br />
Emergency Condition : Telemetry and Control Failure<br />
Impact on <strong>System</strong> : Probably minor impact. Unable to remotely monitor and control 615<br />
Zone Booster Pump Station.<br />
Emergency Response : Visit pump station to monitor operation and manually adjust control, as<br />
necessary.<br />
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<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Pressure Reducing Stations<br />
Emergency Condition : Power Outage<br />
Impact on <strong>System</strong> : None<br />
Emergency Response : Contact Puget Sound Energy to restore power.<br />
Emergency Condition : Pressure Reducing Valve Failure<br />
Impact on <strong>System</strong><br />
: Probably moderate impact, depending on type <strong>of</strong> failure. If valve fails in<br />
the open position, localized high water pressures may occur in the zone<br />
supplied by the PRV station because the PRV stations and zones they<br />
supply are not equipped with pressure relief valves. The reservoir in the<br />
zone supplied by the PRV station will overflow if the PRV station is not<br />
shut down in time and if the reservoir’s altitude valve fails. If valve fails<br />
in the closed position, localized low pressures may occur in the zone<br />
supplied by the PRV.<br />
Emergency Response :<br />
1. Locate the suspect PRV station and close upstream and downstream<br />
valves to isolate it from the system.<br />
2. Adjust other PRV stations, as necessary, to maintain adequate<br />
pressures until failed valve is repaired.<br />
Transmission and Distribution Mains<br />
Emergency Condition : <strong>Water</strong> Main Break<br />
Impact on <strong>System</strong><br />
: From minor to potentially major, depending on size and location <strong>of</strong><br />
water main and size <strong>of</strong> break. Loss <strong>of</strong> water from reservoirs, reduction<br />
or loss <strong>of</strong> fire protection capability, disruption <strong>of</strong> water service to<br />
customers, potential damage to adjacent property.<br />
Emergency Response :<br />
1. Notify affected customers.<br />
2. Isolate, shut down, and repair damaged water main.<br />
3. If one <strong>of</strong> the major transmission mains must be shut down, adjustments<br />
to the control and operation <strong>of</strong> other facilities may be necessary.<br />
Emergency Condition : <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Contamination Due to a Backflow Incident<br />
Impact on <strong>System</strong> : Potentially major impact. <strong>Water</strong> not suitable for potable use - loss <strong>of</strong><br />
supply.<br />
Emergency Response :<br />
1. Notify the <strong>City</strong> CCS personnel <strong>of</strong> the incident.<br />
2. Shut down the affected mains if possible to contain the affected<br />
contaminants.<br />
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Emergency Response <strong>Plan</strong><br />
3. Notify DOH <strong>of</strong> the backflow incident.<br />
4. Notify all customers <strong>of</strong> the problem and instruct them to boil all water<br />
to be used for consumption and cooking and/or issue a no-drinking<br />
warning.<br />
5. Flush affected water mains to remove contaminants.<br />
6. Disinfect reservoirs and water mains, as necessary, to remove<br />
contaminated residuals.<br />
7. Analyze water quality in other parts <strong>of</strong> the distribution system to<br />
ensure that all contaminants were contained.<br />
Telemetry <strong>System</strong><br />
Emergency Condition : Remote Telemetry and Control Equipment Failure<br />
Impact on <strong>System</strong><br />
: Probably minor to moderate impact. Unable to control affected facility<br />
(reservoirs, supply stations, pump station). The remote telemetry and<br />
control equipment, commonly referred to as RTU’s (remote telemetry<br />
units), are connected to the <strong>City</strong>’s master telemetry unit (MTU) at the<br />
Public Works Facility via telephone lines. The RTU’s send and receive<br />
data between the water system facilities and the MTU and control the<br />
operation <strong>of</strong> the facilities using this data. A brief description <strong>of</strong> the<br />
control <strong>of</strong> the facilities with RTU’s is as follows:<br />
• The 555 Zone is controlled by the level in the Crestview Estates<br />
Reservoir.<br />
• The 450 Zone is largely controlled by the level in the Big Rock Road<br />
Reservoir and supply from the Tolt 2 Supply Station.<br />
• Pressure in the 615 Zone is largely controlled by the 615 Zone<br />
Booster Pump Station and Tolt 1 Supply Station.<br />
• The remaining pressure zones are not controlled by the telemetry<br />
system.<br />
• A telemetry receiver is located at the Public Works Facility.<br />
Emergency Response :<br />
1. Shut down the facility affected by the failed RTU, if necessary.<br />
2. Make necessary adjustments to use the other facilities for supply or<br />
manually operate the facility with the failed RTU.<br />
3. Call necessary personnel to repair or replace the failed RTU<br />
equipment.<br />
Emergency Condition : Master Telemetry and Control Equipment Failure<br />
Impact on <strong>System</strong> : Probably minor to moderate impact. Unable to remotely monitor and<br />
control facilities (reservoirs, supply stations, pump station). The RTU’s<br />
at each <strong>of</strong> the facilities described above will continue to control the<br />
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<strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
operation <strong>of</strong> the facilities after a failure <strong>of</strong> the MTU.<br />
Emergency Response :<br />
1. Call necessary personnel to repair or replace the failed equipment at<br />
the MTU.<br />
2. Visit each facility controlled by an RTU to monitor, verify proper<br />
operation, and adjust control, as necessary.<br />
RECOMMENDATIONS<br />
Emergency Operations Center<br />
It is recommended that a primary and alternate Emergency Operations Center (EOC) be<br />
established and fully equipped for emergency response in the event <strong>of</strong> a major earthquake or<br />
other major emergency. Each center should be provided with all necessary information for<br />
emergency response. This includes, but is not limited to current water system maps and plans,<br />
lists <strong>of</strong> emergency contacts for service personnel, parts, and equipment, <strong>City</strong> and County<br />
<strong>of</strong>ficials, and various media sources.<br />
Safety Preparations<br />
It is critical that reliable emergency communication be available to the staff to facilitate and/or<br />
expedite emergency functions <strong>of</strong> the <strong>City</strong>. It may be necessary to have separate radio channels<br />
for fire, police, and public works. Critical staff members should be given emergency radios to<br />
assure timely communication with other staff members if transportation systems and telephone<br />
lines are severed or restricted. Other staff members should be instructed to call in, if possible, or<br />
automatically report to work following an emergency to help re-establish emergency fire flows<br />
and drinking water supplies. Emergency water treatment supplies should be kept on hand in the<br />
event <strong>of</strong> an emergency.<br />
Since it is very likely that both power and telephone service will be incapacitated in a major<br />
earthquake, customers should be provided with emergency instructions in advance <strong>of</strong> the event<br />
<strong>of</strong> water supply loss. These instructions could be in the form <strong>of</strong> a billing insert or separate<br />
mailer. Power outages would prevent boiling <strong>of</strong> water for purification at most households.<br />
Alternative methods should be fully explained and described in sufficient detail with emergency<br />
instructions. Other necessary information might include volume and type <strong>of</strong> emergency food and<br />
water to store and other items customers should have on hand, such as a fire extinguisher,<br />
battery-operated radio, first aid kit, flashlight, and wrench for turning <strong>of</strong>f gas or water service<br />
lines, if necessary. Directions for the aftermath <strong>of</strong> the earthquake should describe how and when<br />
to shut <strong>of</strong>f gas, water mains, and electricity, and where to go for emergency medical services,<br />
food, water, and shelter.<br />
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Emergency Response <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Design Criteria for Future Improvements<br />
Redundancy and reliability are critical throughout all parts <strong>of</strong> the water system, including<br />
sources, storage, and distribution. The following factors should be considered in future designs<br />
for minimizing <strong>Duvall</strong>’s seismic vulnerability.<br />
Reservoirs: Flexible piping connections and adequate anchorage.<br />
Distribution <strong>System</strong>: Ductile iron piping generally performs much better in an earthquake than<br />
more brittle materials, such as asbestos cement and cast iron. Frequent and well-located<br />
isolation valves are beneficial in preventing water loss due to leaks or breaks. Buried piping<br />
usually performs better than above-grade piping. Back pressure sustaining valves in pressure<br />
reducing stations reduce "draining" <strong>of</strong> upper pressure zones and subsequent low pressures when<br />
main breaks occur downstream <strong>of</strong> pressure reducing stations.<br />
Telemetry: Radio telemetry is more reliable in an earthquake and major storms than hard-wire<br />
telemetry, which is vulnerable to ground faulting, settlement, slides, and underground<br />
construction activities, all common during or following major earthquakes. Consideration<br />
should be given for replacing the existing hard-wire telephone-based telemetry system with a<br />
radio-based telemetry system.<br />
Power: Backup power to pump stations and other critical electrically powered facilities,<br />
including emergency response stations, is <strong>of</strong>ten critical. Power loss is the norm rather than the<br />
exception in a large earthquake and major storms. Future pump-based supply facilities should be<br />
equipped with a standby emergency generator and automatic transfer switch. As a minimum<br />
requirement, they should have an emergency generator connection and manual transfer switch<br />
for use with a portable engine generator set.<br />
CITY OF DUVALL COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 13 DUV\102-081\01\PLAN\Emergency Response <strong>Plan</strong> (12/29/04-15:04)
strATE o,E WAshlt I N G]-O N<br />
DEPARTN,4 E NT OF N,]1 FALTH<br />
2fi4357Zna Ave. 5. , SlMi1te 20a, K'r 7-'tr2" Kent, Waskingtan gfur032 -2.-JSE<br />
September 23,2004<br />
STEVE LENISZEWSKI<br />
DUVALL, CITY OF<br />
PO BOX 1300<br />
DWALL WA 98019<br />
RECEIVED<br />
stP 2 4 ?004<br />
.jlTv OF DUVALL<br />
RE: <strong>Duvall</strong>, <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong>, <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong>, D# 20750<br />
King County<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
Submittal # 04-0604<br />
Dear Mr. Leniszewski:<br />
Thank you for submitting the draft <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> (WSP) for the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> (the <strong>City</strong>),<br />
received in this <strong>of</strong>fice on May 28,2004. We have reviewed the plan and <strong>of</strong>fer the following<br />
comments. The comments must be adequately addressed prior to approval<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Demand (Chapter 4)<br />
1. Please provide Average Day and Peak Day demands on an annual basis for the years<br />
2004 to 2010, with and without water conservation savings. Presentation <strong>of</strong> this data in a<br />
tabular format would be helpful.<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Source (Chapter 6)<br />
2. Please complete the enclosed <strong>Water</strong> Right Self-Assessment Forms and include them in<br />
Chapter 6.<br />
Onerations and Maintenance<br />
3' The original THM regulations have been phased out <strong>of</strong> WAC 246-290-300 (6). The<br />
Stage 1 DisinfectantsiDisinfection By-Product Rule does not apply to <strong>Duvall</strong> (i.e., does<br />
not apply to water systems that pwchase all their water and do not chlorinate). However,<br />
it is anticipated that the Stage 2 Rule will apply to purchasing systems. Please revise<br />
Chapter 6 and Appendix L accordingly.<br />
ada-#s-t7
4. The <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Construction Standards do not appear to follow Figure 5-10 <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Pacific Northwest Section AWWA Cross-Connection Control Manual for new water<br />
main construction. Please consider revising the standards to avoid the cross-connection<br />
potential in connecting and testing new water mains.<br />
Other Documentation<br />
5. Please include Consistency Statement Checklists from the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> and King<br />
County with the final draft <strong>of</strong> the WSP.<br />
6. Please provide a signed copy <strong>of</strong> the Determination <strong>of</strong> Non-Significance for the SEPA<br />
checklist.<br />
7 . Please address the issues identified in the September 16,2004letter from the Department<br />
<strong>of</strong> Ecology (attached). I notice that the <strong>Water</strong> Reclamation Checkiist is included in<br />
Appendix F (<strong>Water</strong> Conservation <strong>Plan</strong>) <strong>of</strong> the WSP.<br />
We hope that you have found these comments to be clear, constructive and helpful in the<br />
development <strong>of</strong> your final draft WSP. We ask that you submit the revised WSP on or before<br />
December 25,2004. In order to expedite the review <strong>of</strong> your revised submittal, please include a<br />
cover letter summarizing how each <strong>of</strong> the above comments was addressed in the revised WSP<br />
and where each response is located (i.e., page numbers, Appendices, etc.)<br />
Regulations establishing a schedule for fees for review <strong>of</strong> planning, engineering and construction<br />
documents have been adopted (WAC 246-290-990). Please note that we have included an invoice<br />
in the amount <strong>of</strong> $3,473.00 for the review <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. This fee covers our cost for<br />
review <strong>of</strong> the initial submittal, plus the review <strong>of</strong> one revised document. Please remit your<br />
complete payment in the form <strong>of</strong> a check or money order within thirty days <strong>of</strong> the date <strong>of</strong> this<br />
letter to: DOH, Revenue Section, P.O. Box 1099, Olympia, WA 98507-1099.<br />
Thank you again for submitting your draft <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> for our review. If you have any<br />
comments or questions conceming our review, please contact me.<br />
Sincerelv.<br />
/'t<br />
.L l" tt-//l<br />
[n-ho'#<br />
(w:a,tg*
STATE OF WASHINGTON<br />
DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOCY<br />
Northwest Regional Office . 3190 160th Avenue SE , Bellevue, Washington 98008-5452 . (425) 649-7000<br />
September 16,2004<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Health<br />
NW Drinking <strong>Water</strong> Operations<br />
ATTN: Mr. Richard Rodriguez<br />
2043572"d Ave South, Suite 200<br />
Kent, WA 98032-2358<br />
RFCEIYED<br />
sFp 2onn<br />
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,vw DRrNru;'<br />
,i,lru^<br />
RE: <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong>, ID # 04-0604, King County; Review <strong>of</strong> WSP<br />
Dear Mr. Rodriguez:<br />
Thank you for forwarding the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> to our <strong>of</strong>fice for review.<br />
Consistent with the Memorandum <strong>of</strong> Understanding between the Departments <strong>of</strong> Health and<br />
Ecology regarding joint review and approval <strong>of</strong> water system plans, this letter is being sent to<br />
your <strong>of</strong>fice with Ecology's comments on the <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. I have reviewed the relevant<br />
portions <strong>of</strong> the plan and have no objections to its approval. The inaccuracies as described in the<br />
following paragraphshould be corrected, and the requested additions should be made.<br />
Chapter6-<strong>Water</strong>Source<br />
On page 6-5 under the heading<br />
"Existing <strong>Water</strong> Rights", the plan erroneously refers to the right<br />
associated with the Taylor's Landing Well as a claim, when it is actually a certificated water<br />
right. The certificate number in Ecology's database lists the right as 674-D, not 574-D.<br />
Ecology records do show water right claim Gl-026854CL under the name<br />
"Town <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>" for<br />
15 gpm and 5 afy for the purposes <strong>of</strong> "Domestic and Livestock during dry months". The city is<br />
reminded that in order for this claim to represent a vested water right, evidence must exist that water<br />
was first put to use on or before June 6, 1945. As a result <strong>of</strong> the Sinking Creek court case, the<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Ecology is limited to making a tentative determination as to the validity and extent <strong>of</strong><br />
a water right claim. The fue validity and extent <strong>of</strong> a water right claim can only be made by a judge<br />
during a water rights adjudication in superior court. Since the claim is not mentioned in the <strong>Plan</strong>, it<br />
is possible that certificate 674-D superseded it, or the claim is not being used as a water source at this<br />
time. In the interest <strong>of</strong> completeness. the <strong>Plan</strong> should mention the existence and status <strong>of</strong> this claim<br />
as the city sees it.<br />
Since water right certific ate 674-D is not being used and all water for the Town <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> cunently<br />
comes from the Seattle Public Utilities disbibution system, no analysis <strong>of</strong> water rights in relation to<br />
existing and projectedemand is necessary,<br />
Chapter 9 - <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> Improvements<br />
On page 9-9 under heading<br />
"CIP M3: <strong>Water</strong> Reclamation Activities", the <strong>Plan</strong> briefly discusses<br />
potential opportunities for use <strong>of</strong> reclaimed water. RCW 90.46.120(3) requires municipalities with<br />
greater than 1000 connections ensure that opportunities for the use <strong>of</strong> reclaimed water are evaluated.
A worksheet entitled "<strong>Water</strong> Reclamation Checklist for <strong>System</strong>s with 1000 or more Connections"<br />
can assist in fulfilling this obligation. This worksheet has been included with the copy <strong>of</strong> this letter<br />
sent directly to the city, and should be filled out and included in the plan.<br />
Thank you for the opportunity to review the <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>. Please contact<br />
me at (425) 649-4342 if you have any questions regarding this comment letter.<br />
Sincerely,<br />
A rt r'rl-<br />
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n<br />
Paul Fabiniak<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Resources Program<br />
Encloswe: <strong>Water</strong> Reclamation Checklist for <strong>System</strong>s with 1000 or more Connections<br />
cc: Mr. Steven Leniszewski, P.E., <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong>
UTRC Meeting Minutes<br />
October 13, 2004<br />
Attendees:<br />
Bruce Bennett<br />
Delite Morris<br />
Bernard Thompson<br />
Don Sorenson, Skyway <strong>Water</strong> and Sewer District Commissioner<br />
Cheryl Scheuerman, Skyway <strong>Water</strong> and Sewer District Manager<br />
Dennis Fields, Cascade <strong>Water</strong> Alliance<br />
Marty Penhallegon, Penhallegon Associates Consulting Engineers<br />
Ember Fry, Penhallegon Associates Consulting Engineers<br />
Steve Leniszewski, <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong><br />
Tom Lindberg, RH2<br />
Review <strong>of</strong> Skyway <strong>Water</strong> and Sewer District water and sewer plans<br />
The UTRC had a lengthy discussion with the District regarding its review <strong>of</strong> the plan,<br />
specifically its comments concerning the District’s water conservation program. Statements<br />
made in the District’s plan concerning water conservation were not sufficiently supported by<br />
data. To evaluate the District’s conservation program, the UTRC requested additional data<br />
from the District and analyzed several months <strong>of</strong> billing data. The UTRC made the following<br />
observations:<br />
• The District’s existing rate structure does appear to support conservation in that there<br />
does not appear to be a subsidy for high water use. Approximately 50% <strong>of</strong> the water<br />
used by the residential rate class is being used by approximately 25% <strong>of</strong> the homes.<br />
Those same 25% <strong>of</strong> the homes are generating approximately 50% <strong>of</strong> the rate revenue.<br />
• The inclined blocks defined in the structure may not be appropriately placed, however,<br />
as they do not appear to adequately capture higher water use. For example, the first<br />
rate block captures use from 0-10 ccf per month. Over 90% <strong>of</strong> the residential rate<br />
class falls into this block. This first block could be divided into perhaps 3 or 4 blocks<br />
to more accurately reflect actual usage patterns. In fact, it might be possible to reduce<br />
rates for those using lesser amounts <strong>of</strong> water while shifting the revenue burden to<br />
those using more water. This could more effectively send a conservation message.<br />
The District indicated that a 2005 rate study would examine this issue in more detail.<br />
Prior to county approval, the UTRC has requested that the following changes be made:<br />
1. The plan should be changed to reflect the comments discussed in the August 30, 2004<br />
letter from Penhallegon Associates to the UTRC.<br />
2. The plan should fully address the comments provided by the Washington State<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Health in its September 7, 2004 letter to the District. Of particular<br />
interest to the UTRC is the ability <strong>of</strong> the Cascade <strong>Water</strong> Alliance to fully account for<br />
both supplies and demands on an annual basis for the next 20 years.
3. Page 6-3 <strong>of</strong> the plan (section 6.3.1.1) should be changed to include a statement that the<br />
District’s water rates will be evaluated and changed, if necessary, to ensure an<br />
equitable rate structure that promotes water conservation.<br />
Upon receipt <strong>of</strong> 5 copies <strong>of</strong> the water and sewer plan that addresses the comments above, the<br />
UTRC will forward the plan to the Executive for his transmittal to the King County Council.<br />
The ordinance proposing approval <strong>of</strong> the plan may contain a requirement that the District<br />
provide the UTRC with a copy <strong>of</strong> its annual rate studies.<br />
Review <strong>of</strong> <strong>City</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Duvall</strong> water plan<br />
The UTRC was impressed with the city’s plan, particularly its water conservation data<br />
analysis. There were only two requested improvements made by the UTRC:<br />
1. On page 9-4 <strong>of</strong> the plan (“Future water main extensions and replacements”) and page<br />
2-1 <strong>of</strong> Appendix I, please include the following statement: “All work performed in<br />
King County road right-<strong>of</strong>-way must conform to the most recent edition <strong>of</strong> the King<br />
County Road Standards.”<br />
2. In Table 1 <strong>of</strong> Appendix O, please include emergency contact information for King<br />
County: King County Utility Inspections<br />
Jay Fulwider<br />
206-296-8122<br />
Please modify the plan accordingly and send 5 sets <strong>of</strong> replacement pages to the UTRC Chair.<br />
The UTRC will then forward the plan to the Executive for his transmittal to the King County<br />
Council.<br />
Braun Appeal<br />
The UTRC has been notified <strong>of</strong> an appeal <strong>of</strong> water service from Mark Braun. Mr. Braun is<br />
disputing the Sallal <strong>Water</strong> Association’s contention that it can provide timely and reasonable<br />
service. The UTRC Chair will schedule a hearing to review this appeal.