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throughout the era of colonialism and apartheid in our country. Generation after generation they continued to rally around their clarion call of “wathintabafazi wathintimbokodo uzakufa” (now you have touched the women, you have dislodged a boulder, you are going to be killed). The women engaged in different kinds of battles during the negotiations process. They fought for their right to be included in the negotiations and had to fight to ensure that the new Constitution integrated gender concerns. Under the Women’s National Coalition they adopted the Women’s Charter that documented the women’s needs, aspirations that had to be integrated into the new policies of a free, non-sexist, non-racial and democratic South Africa. Currently women still continue, albeit under a different climate, to engage in a protracted struggle for their emancipation. The women’s movement is focusing on both the practical and strategic gender needs. Strong organisations have emerged fighting, amongst others, the scourge of violence against women and many other ills that are inherited from the apartheid era as well as those that are part of the patriarchal system. South African women like struggling women the world over, are the product and epitome of the struggle itself. They are still in the forefront of the struggle, confirming the Sotho saying that “ …. a woman holds the knife at its sharp end.” Conclusion 16 The overlapping systems of oppression, discussed above, continue to impact on post-apartheid South Africa just as racism continues to create the “two nations” within one South Africa. It is important for people, societies and nations to understand the gender dynamics of racism. The rapidly changing global economy has also created new barriers to social and economic equality especially for African women. Therefore the struggle against racism should integrate the struggle to eradicate gender oppression. Thenjiwe Mtintso is a South African
Bibliography Albertyn, C. and Zylich, L. Audit of Legislation that Discriminates on the Basis of Sex / Gender. Conducted by the Gender Research Project, Centre for Applied Legal Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, for the Commission on Gender Equality: Johannesburg. ANC. 2000. “Uprooting the Demon of Racism.” In Unrabulo No. 8: http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/ngcouncils/docs2000/discuss3.html Baden S. and Milward, K. 1995. Gender and Poverty. BRIDGE: http://www.ids.ac.uk/bridge Baden, S. 1993. Gender and Adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa. BRIDGE: http://www.ids.ac.uk/bridge Budlender, D. 1996. The Women’s Budget. IDASA: Cape Town. Budlender, D. 1998. The People’s Voices: National Speak Out on Poverty Hearings, March to June 1998. SANGOCO: Johannesburg. Central Statistics. 1998. Women and Men in South Africa. CSS: Pretoria. Elson, D. 2000. Progress of the World’s Women 2000. UNIFEM: New York. Grossman, A. and Mugambi, P. March 2001.“What’s Race Got to Do with It?” In WEDO News & Views: Newsletter of the Women’s Environment and Development Organisation Vol. 14, No. 1. Heintz, J. and Jardine, C. 1998. Poverty and Economics in South Africa. SANGOCO: Johannesburg. Lorgat, H. 2001. “The Scourge in Our Schools.” In The Educator’s Voice. April, Vol. 5, No. 3. Nath, M.B. 2000. Gender, HIV and Human Rights: A Training Manual. UNIFEM: New York. Orr, L. 2001. Globalisation Trends and Women’s Work: The South African Picture. NALEDI. Rasebotsa, N. and Molema, L. (Editors). 1998. Women Creating the Future. Vivlia: Florida Hills, Johannesburg. Shivdas, M. 2000. Alternative Assessment of Women and Media. Compiled by Isis International-Manila for WomenAction 2000: http://www.womenaction.org/csw44/altrepeng.htm South African Communist Party. 2000. Racism, Class, Gender and 17
Page 1 and 2: Contents Overview 2 Impact of Apart
Page 3 and 4: “How do I hold hands with my sist
Page 5 and 6: during colonialism. In their silenc
Page 7 and 8: towards achieving a democratic, non
Page 9 and 10: African women make up 39.94% of the
Page 11 and 12: Access to piped water in dwellings
Page 13 and 14: Black women are either concentrated
Page 15: access resources through their rela
Page 19 and 20: Asian women caught in the middle By
Page 21 and 22: say of how it is used or disposed o
Page 23 and 24: women who have been cheated out of
Page 25 and 26: To be a racist By Hope Chigudu We h
Page 27 and 28: upbringing instilled in me a sense
Page 29 and 30: As time went on, most of us were fo
Page 31 and 32: At the end of six years in the same
Page 33 and 34: Religion, Racism and Gender By Dr M
Page 35 and 36: again? Why does the Lord command a
Page 37 and 38: approaches Abraham with a plan, nam
Page 39 and 40: tively. But before we turn to these
Page 41 and 42: Lord my God of Shem; and let Canaan
Page 43 and 44: Conclusions The Time is Now These t
Page 45 and 46: Dube, M. W, Other Ways of Reading:
Page 47 and 48: All major newspapers, magazines and
Page 49 and 50: Those black women who have ventured
Page 51 and 52: “..promote women’s full and equ
Page 53 and 54: Women in Interracial Marriage Still
Page 55 and 56: for registration of their unions. Z

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