Usługa głosowa w sieciach ATM - Katedra Telekomunikacji AGH
Usługa głosowa w sieciach ATM - Katedra Telekomunikacji AGH Usługa głosowa w sieciach ATM - Katedra Telekomunikacji AGH
8VáXJDJáRVRZDZVLHFLDFK$70 Andrzej 6]\PDVNL.U]\V]WRI:DMGD Katedra Telekomunikacji Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Kraków {wajda,szyman}@kt.agh.edu.pl Streszczenie 5HIHUDWSU]HGVWDZLD]DUyZQRVWDQGDUGRZHUR]ZL]DQLD]ZL]DQH]SU]HV\áDQLHPJáRVXSU]H]VLHFL $70 MDN L Z\QLNL EDGD LOXVWUXMF\FK X]\VNLZDQH SDUDPHWU\ MDNRFLRZH WUDQVPLVML 3U]HGVWDZLRQRSUREOHP\NRPSUHVMLJáRVXXVXZDQLDFLV]\LVSHF\ILNDFMZ\PDJDMDNRFLRZ\FK 4R6GODXVáXJLWUDQVPLVMLJáRVX Wprowadzenie 0LPR REVHUZRZDQHJR V]\ENLHJR UR]ZRMX XVáXJ WUDQVPLVML GDQ\FK L XVáXJ multimedialnych, XVáXJDJáRVRZDZFL*SR]RVWDMHQDMZD*QLHMV]QDMF]FLHMZLDGF]RQLSU]\QRV]FQDMZLNV]H ]\VNLRSHUDWRURP3U]\MPXMHVL*HREHFQLHMHV]F]HREURWXQDU\QNXWHOHNRPXQLNDF\MQ\P MHVW]ZL]DQH]NODV\F]QWHOHIRQLOXEXVáXJDPLSRGVWDZRZ\PLW\SXNRPXWDFMLáF]\5R]ZyM ZVNRSDVPRZHMVLHFL,6'1RGE\ZDVLZWHPSLHGDOHNRQL*V]\PQL*SU]HZLG\ZDQ\SU]HGODW\ PLPRWHJR*HWRURGRZLVNRMHVWZVWDQLHUHDOL]RZDüSUDNW\F]QLHNRQFHSFMLQWHJUDFMLXVáXJ :]UDVWD]DSRWU]HERZDQLHQDWUDQVPLVMGDQ\FK]HVWURQ\X*\WNRZQLNyZNRPHUF\MQ\FKLXVáXJL GRVWSXGRVLHFL,QWHUQHW]HVWURQ\ZV]\VWNLFKX*\WNRZQLNyZ 2SHUDWRU]\ WHOHNRPXQLNDF\MQL VWDM SU]HG SUREOHPHP PRGHUQL]DFML WUDG\F\MQ\FK VLHFL SXEOLF]Q\FK Z FHOX GRVWRVRZDQLD LFK GR QRZ\FK SRWU]HE =PLDQ\ Z\PXV]DM ]DUyZQR X*\WNRZQLF\ RF]HNXMF\ GRVWSXGRXVáXJRZ\*V]HM MDNRFLLQL*V]\FK FHQDFK MDN L URVQFD NRQNXUHQFMD :]UDVWDMF\ SRS\W QD WUDQVPLVM GDQ\FK]ZáDV]F]DInternetowych, ujawnia QLHGRVWDWNLWUDG\F\MQ\FKVLHFLWHOHNRPXQLNDF\MQ\FK]RULHQWRZDQ\FKQDZLDGF]HQLHNODV\F]Q\FK XVáXJWHOHIRQLF]Q\FK 8VáXJDJáRVRZDZVLHFL]LQWHJURZDQHM 8VáXJDJáRVRZDG]LVLDMWRMX*QLH W\ONR SRZV]HFKQLH ]QDQD XVáXJD WHOHIRQLF]QD SROHJDMFD QD SRáF]HQLX GZyFK DERQHQWyZ Z\SRVD*RQ\FK Z DSDUDW\ WHOHIRQLF]QH DOH WDN*H QS UR]PRZD GZyFKX*\WNRZQLNyZZ\SRVD*RQ\FKZNRPSXWHULRGSRZLHGQLHRSURJUDPRZDQLHtelephony to the desktopSU]H]VLHüNRPSXWHURZ2GSHZQHJRF]DVXPR*QD]DREVHUZRZDüWH*G*HQLHGR 1
- Page 2 and 3: LQWHJUDFMLXVáXJW]QSU]HV\áDQLDGDQ\
- Page 4 and 5: 3U]HV\áDQLHJáRVXZVLHFL$70 5HDOL]D
- Page 6 and 7: ]MDZLVN FR SRZRGXMH PDUQRWUDZLHQLH
- Page 8 and 9: 1RZH PR*OLZRFL X]\VNXMH VLSU]H]SRá
- Page 10 and 11: LF]ED NDQDáyZ 3U]HSXV
8VáXJDJáRVRZDZVLHFLDFK$70<br />
Andrzej 6]\PDVNL.U]\V]WRI:DMGD<br />
<strong>Katedra</strong> <strong>Telekomunikacji</strong><br />
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Kraków<br />
{wajda,szyman}@kt.agh.edu.pl<br />
Streszczenie<br />
5HIHUDWSU]HGVWDZLD]DUyZQRVWDQGDUGRZHUR]ZL]DQLD]ZL]DQH]SU]HV\áDQLHPJáRVXSU]H]VLHFL<br />
$70 MDN L Z\QLNL EDGD LOXVWUXMF\FK X]\VNLZDQH SDUDPHWU\ MDNRFLRZH WUDQVPLVML<br />
3U]HGVWDZLRQRSUREOHP\NRPSUHVMLJáRVXXVXZDQLDFLV]\LVSHF\ILNDFMZ\PDJDMDNRFLRZ\FK<br />
4R6GODXVáXJLWUDQVPLVMLJáRVX<br />
Wprowadzenie<br />
0LPR REVHUZRZDQHJR V]\ENLHJR UR]ZRMX XVáXJ WUDQVPLVML GDQ\FK L XVáXJ multimedialnych,<br />
XVáXJDJáRVRZDZFL*SR]RVWDMHQDMZD*QLHMV]QDMF]FLHMZLDGF]RQLSU]\QRV]FQDMZLNV]H<br />
]\VNLRSHUDWRURP3U]\MPXMHVL*HREHFQLHMHV]F]HREURWXQDU\QNXWHOHNRPXQLNDF\MQ\P<br />
MHVW]ZL]DQH]NODV\F]QWHOHIRQLOXEXVáXJDPLSRGVWDZRZ\PLW\SXNRPXWDFMLáF]\5R]ZyM<br />
ZVNRSDVPRZHMVLHFL,6'1RGE\ZDVLZWHPSLHGDOHNRQL*V]\PQL*SU]HZLG\ZDQ\SU]HGODW\<br />
PLPRWHJR*HWRURGRZLVNRMHVWZVWDQLHUHDOL]RZDüSUDNW\F]QLHNRQFHSFMLQWHJUDFMLXVáXJ<br />
:]UDVWD]DSRWU]HERZDQLHQDWUDQVPLVMGDQ\FK]HVWURQ\X*\WNRZQLNyZNRPHUF\MQ\FKLXVáXJL<br />
GRVWSXGRVLHFL,QWHUQHW]HVWURQ\ZV]\VWNLFKX*\WNRZQLNyZ<br />
2SHUDWRU]\ WHOHNRPXQLNDF\MQL VWDM SU]HG SUREOHPHP PRGHUQL]DFML WUDG\F\MQ\FK VLHFL<br />
SXEOLF]Q\FK Z FHOX GRVWRVRZDQLD LFK GR QRZ\FK SRWU]HE =PLDQ\ Z\PXV]DM ]DUyZQR<br />
X*\WNRZQLF\ RF]HNXMF\ GRVWSXGRXVáXJRZ\*V]HM MDNRFLLQL*V]\FK FHQDFK MDN L URVQFD<br />
NRQNXUHQFMD :]UDVWDMF\ SRS\W QD WUDQVPLVM GDQ\FK]ZáDV]F]DInternetowych, ujawnia<br />
QLHGRVWDWNLWUDG\F\MQ\FKVLHFLWHOHNRPXQLNDF\MQ\FK]RULHQWRZDQ\FKQDZLDGF]HQLHNODV\F]Q\FK<br />
XVáXJWHOHIRQLF]Q\FK<br />
8VáXJDJáRVRZDZVLHFL]LQWHJURZDQHM<br />
8VáXJDJáRVRZDG]LVLDMWRMX*QLH W\ONR SRZV]HFKQLH ]QDQD XVáXJD WHOHIRQLF]QD SROHJDMFD QD<br />
SRáF]HQLX GZyFK DERQHQWyZ Z\SRVD*RQ\FK Z DSDUDW\ WHOHIRQLF]QH DOH WDN*H QS UR]PRZD<br />
GZyFKX*\WNRZQLNyZZ\SRVD*RQ\FKZNRPSXWHULRGSRZLHGQLHRSURJUDPRZDQLHtelephony to<br />
the desktopSU]H]VLHüNRPSXWHURZ2GSHZQHJRF]DVXPR*QD]DREVHUZRZDüWH*G*HQLHGR<br />
1
LQWHJUDFMLXVáXJW]QSU]HV\áDQLDGDQ\FKLJáRVXMHGQVLHFL:\QLNDRQR]IDNWX*HX*\WNRZDQLH<br />
GZyFK VLHFL RGG]LHOQHM GR SURZDG]HQLD UR]PyZ WHOHIRQLF]Q\FK L RGG]LHOQHM GR SU]HV\áDQLD<br />
GDQ\FK MHVW GX*R GUR*V]H RG NRU]\VWDQLD ] MHGQHM VLHFL 6LHü WDND SRZLQQD E\ü áDWZR<br />
NRQILJXURZDOQD L Z\ND]\ZDü ]GROQRFL DGDSWDFML GR ]PLHQLDMF\FK VL SRWU]HEL*GD<br />
X*\WNRZQLNyZ 0R*OLZRFL WDNLH VWZDU]D VLHü F\IURZD Z NWyUHM JáRV SU]HV\áDQ\ MHVW MDNR<br />
VWUXPLH SDNLHWyZ SU]HáF]DQ\FK L GRVWDUF]DQ\FK Z F]DVLH U]HF]\ZLVW\P ] NRQWURORZDQ\PL<br />
RSy(QLHQLDPL<br />
:FHOXSHáQHJRZ\NRU]\VWDQLDPR*OLZRFLWDNLHMVLHFLSRWU]HEQHVQRZHUR]ZL]DQLDNRGRZDQLD<br />
LWUDQVPLVML'RW\FKF]DVQDMF]FLHMVWRVRZDQPHWRGNRGRZDQLDJáRVXE\áRNRGRZDQLH3&0<br />
3ROHJDRQRQDSUyENRZDQLXJáRVX]F]VWRWOLZRFL N+]L]DSLVLHND*GHM SUyENL QD ELWDFK<br />
3RZVWDMHZWHQVSRVyESRGVWDZRZ\NDQDá3&0RVWDáHMSU]HSá\ZQRFL kbit/s. Tego typu<br />
NRGRZDQLHMHVWPDáRVNRPSOLNRZDQHLX]\VNXMHVLJáRVRGREUHMMDNRFLDOHZ\PDJDUHODW\ZQLH<br />
Z\VRNLHM SU]HSá\ZQRFL '*\ VL GR ]DZ*HQLD SRWU]HEQHJR SDVPD SU]\ ]DFKRZDQLX MDN<br />
QDMZ\*V]HMMDNRFLJáRVX0R*QDWRRVLJQüSRSU]H]]DVWRVRZDQLHQRZ\FKPHWRGNRGRZDQLDL<br />
NRPSUHVMLRUD]PHFKDQL]PyZGHWHNFMLLZ\FLQDQLDFLV]\=ZROQLRQHZWHQVSRVyESDVPRPR*H<br />
]RVWDü Z\NRU]\VWDQH GR ZLDGF]HQLD LQQ\FK XVáXJ QS WUDQVPLVML GDQ\FK OXE GR ]ZLNV]HQLD<br />
OLF]E\NDQDáyZSU]HQRV]RQ\FKZGDQ\PSDPLH8PR*OLZLDWRREQL*HQLHNRV]WyZHNVSORDWDFML<br />
sieci.<br />
Detekcja i wycinanie ciszy<br />
0HFKDQL]PGHWHNFMLLZ\FLQDQLDFLV]\ED]XMHQDVSHF\ILF]Q\FKZáDFLZRFLDFKPRZ\OXG]NLHM<br />
:UR]PRZLHGZyFKRVyEZ\VWSXMH ZLHOH SU]HUZ PLG]\ SRV]F]HJyOQ\PL ]GDQLDPL VáRZDPL<br />
RUD]FKZLOZNWyU\FKUR]PyZF\]DVWDQDZLDMVL,QQMHMZD*QFHFKMHVWLQWHUDNFMDW]QMHGQD<br />
RVREDPyZLDGUXJDVáXFKD']LDáDQLHXNáDGXSROHJDQDW\P *HZWUDNFLHFLV]\SU]HV\áDQDMHVW<br />
W\ONR PLQLPDOQD LQIRUPDFMD SRWU]HEQD GR SRGWU]\PDQLD SRáF]HQLD 5HDOL]RZDQH MHVW WR SU]\<br />
SRPRF\GHWHNWRUDDNW\ZQRFLUR]PyZF\9$'Voice Activity Detector) i generatora szumu CNG<br />
(Comfort Noise Generator 8NáDG 9$' XPLHMVFRZLRQ\ RG VWURQ\ QDGDZF]HM PD QD FHOX<br />
]GHF\GRZDüF]\ZHMFLRZ\PV\JQDáHPMHVWPRZDF]\FLV]D:SU]\SDGNXZ\NU\FLDFLV]\XNáDG<br />
ZVWU]\PXMH Z\V\áDQLH SUyEHN G(ZLNX 1DWRPLDVW XNáDG &1* ]DáR*RQ\ RG VWURQ\ RGELRUF]HM<br />
VáX*\GRJHQHUDFMLV]XPXWáDZSU]\SDGNXFLV]\RGVWURQ\QDGDZF]HM6WRVRZDQLHWHJRXNáDGX<br />
SRGQRVL NRPIRUW UR]PRZ\ V]XP WáD XSHZQLD UR]PyZF *H SRáF]HQLH QLH ]RVWDáR QDJOH<br />
]HUZDQH1DU\VSRND]XMHP\VFKHPDWG]LDáDQLDW\FKXNáDGyZ<br />
'HWHNWRU DNW\ZQRFL<br />
UR]PyZF\ 9$'<br />
V\QFKURQL]DFMD XNáDGyZ<br />
*HQHUDWRU V]XPyZ<br />
&1*<br />
6\JQDá<br />
QDGDZF]\<br />
PRZD<br />
V]XP<br />
6\JQDá<br />
RGELRUF]\<br />
Rys. 18SURV]F]RQ\VFKHPDWWUDQVPLVMLJáRVX]XNáDGDPL9$'L&1*<br />
2
6WRVXMFPHFKDQL]P\GHWHNFMLFLV]\ZNDQDOHUR]PyZQ\PLMHMZ\FLQDQLDPR*QDRVLJQüGX*H<br />
RV]F]GQRFLZSDPLHUHGQLRU]GX<br />
:\PDJDQLDMDNRFLRZH<br />
&KDUDNWHU UR]PRZ\ WHOHIRQLF]QHM QDNáDGD QD WUDQVPLVM JáRVX VWRVXQNRZR U\JRU\VW\F]QH<br />
Z\PDJDQLD MDNRFLRZH FKRü Z\GDMH VL *H V]\ENRü NESV QLH MHVW GX*D 8VáXJD JáRVRZD<br />
Z\PDJDSU]HV\áDQLDSUyEHNG(ZLNXZF]DVLHU]HF]\ZLVW\P7UDQVPLVMDWDNDSRGDWQDMHVWSU]HGH<br />
ZV]\VWNLP QD RSy(QLHQLD %DGDQLD GRZRG] *H RSy(QLHQLD ZLNV]H RG ms w jednym<br />
NLHUXQNX V MX* ]DXZD*DOQH SU]H] UR]PyZFyZ L SU]HV]NDG]DM ZUR]PRZLH6WG SRZVWDMH<br />
SRWU]HEDNRQWUROLRSy(QLH3RGVWDZRFHQ\MDNRFLWUDQVPLVMLJáRVXVGZLHZLHONRFL<br />
x RSy(QLHQLDUHGQLH<br />
x IOXNWXDFMHRSy(QLHQLD<br />
1DLFKZDUWRüZSá\ZDM<br />
x RSy(QLHQLD]ZL]DQH]RF]HNLZDQLHPQDZ\SHáQLHQLHUDPNLWUDQVPLV\MQHM<br />
x RSy(QLHQLD]ZL]DQH]]DVWRVRZDQWHFKQLNNRGRZDQLD<br />
x RSy(QLHQLD SRZVWDMFH Z NDQDOH WUDQVPLV\MQ\P ]ZL]DQH ] SURSDJDFMV\JQDáXZPHGLXP<br />
fizycznym,<br />
x RSy(QLHQLD ]ZL]DQH]SU]HWZDU]DQLHPGDQ\FKZZ]áDFK VLHFL ± GRERUHP WUDV\ routing),<br />
SU]HáF]DQLHPRUD]EXIRURZDQLHP<br />
2Sy(QLHQLD ]ZL]DQH ] RF]HNLZDQLHP QD Z\SHáQLHQLH UDPNL WUDQVPLV\MQHM QDOH*GRNDWHJRULL<br />
RSy(QLH VWDá\FK L VW\PZLNV]HLPVWRVRZDQHUDPNLVGáX*V]H:\QLNDWR]IDNWX*H<br />
QDGDMQLN PXVL F]HNDü QD VNRPSOHWRZDQLH UDPNL ] SRMHG\QF]\FK SUyEHN SU]HG MHM Z\VáDQLHP<br />
SU]H] VLHü 1DVXZD VLWXWDMSURVW\ZQLRVHN*H GOD REQL*HQLD ZDUWRFL WHJR RSy(QLHQLD QDOH*\<br />
VWRVRZDüNUyWNLHUDPNL1LHVWHW\ND*GDUDPND]DZLHUDUyZQLH*QDJáyZHNRXVWDORQHMGáXJRFL<br />
:SU]\SDGNXVNUDFDQLDUDPHNQDVWSXMHREQL*HQLHZ\GDMQRFLWUDQVPLVML<br />
'RRSy(QLHVWDá\FKQDOH*UyZQLH*RSy(QLHQLD]ZL]DQH]]DVWRVRZDQWHFKQLNNRGRZDQLDMDN<br />
WH*RSy(QLHQLD]ZL]DQH]SURSDJDFMV\JQDáXZPHGLXPWUDQVPLV\MQ\P:DUWRüSLHUZV]HJR]<br />
QLFK ]DOH*\ RG ]DVWRVRZDQHJR DOJRU\WPX RUD] RG PRF\ REOLF]HQLRZHM XU]G]H NRGXMF\FK<br />
'UXJLH ]ZL]DQH V ]RJUDQLF]RQ SUGNRFL UR]FKRG]HQLD VL V\JQDáXL]DOH* ZSURVW RG<br />
GáXJRFLPHGLXP<br />
,QQ\FKDUDNWHUPDMRSy(QLHQLD]ZL]DQH]SU]HWZDU]DQLHPGDQ\FKZZ]áDFKVLHFL2LOHF]DV<br />
SRWU]HEQ\QDGREyUWUDV\F]\SU]HáF]DQLHMHVWPQLHMZLFHMVWDá\GODGDQHJRW\SXXU]G]HRW\OH<br />
F]DV SU]HE\ZDQLD UDPNL Z EXIRUDFK ]DOH*\ RG DNWXDOQHJR REFL*HQLD VLHFL :VSRPQLDQH<br />
ZF]HQLHMIOXNWXDFMHRSy(QLHQLDVVSRZRGRZDQHZáDQLHW\PIDNWHP<br />
:SU]\SDGNX]E\WGX*\FK RSy(QLHSRZ\*HMPVRGF]XZDOQ\VWDMHVLHIHNWHFKDNWyUHJR<br />
(UyGáHP V SU]HQLNL Z SWOL DERQHQFNLHM =DFKRG]L ZWHG\ NRQLHF]QRü VWRVRZDQLD XNáDGyZ<br />
NDVRZDQLD HFKD =JRGQLH ] ]DOHFHQLDPL SRZLQQ\ E\ü RQH XPLHV]F]RQH QD REU]H*DFK VLHFL<br />
WHOHNRPXQLNDF\MQHMZXU]G]HQLDFKREVáXJXMF\FKNRFRZ\FKX*\WNRZQLNyZ<br />
3
3U]HV\áDQLHJáRVXZVLHFL$70<br />
5HDOL]DFMDZ\PDJDMDNRFLRZ\FKSU]\WUDQVPLVMLJáRVX<br />
$70 MHVW QRZRF]HVQ VLHFL ]LQWHJURZDQ ]GROQ GR ZLDGF]HQLD XVáXJL JáRVRZHM 6WDMH VL<br />
SRGVWDZRZWHFKQLNVLHFLV]HURNRSDVPRZ\FK'HF\GXMRW\PQDVWSXMFHFHFK\<br />
„ VNDORZDOQRü MHM HIHNWHP MHVW PR*OLZRü QHJRFMRZDQLD NDQDáX ZLUWXDOQHJR SUDNW\F]QLH R<br />
GRZROQHMSU]HSXVWRZRFL<br />
„ NRQWUROD MDNRFL REVáXJL QoS (Quality of Service -DNRü XVáXJL ]GHILQLRZDQD MHVW SU]H]<br />
F]WHU\SDUDPHWU\6WR<br />
x stopa utraty komórek (CLR),<br />
x PDNV\PDOQHRSy(QLHQLHWUDQVPLVMLNRPyUNLMaxCTD),<br />
x UHGQLHRGFK\OHQLHRSy(QLHQLDNRPyUNLMeanCDV),<br />
x PLG]\V]F]\WRZHRGFK\OHQLHRSy(QLHQLDNRPyUHNpeak-to-peak CDV).<br />
']LNL]GHILQLRZDQLX SDUDPHWUyZ 4R6 DSOLNDFMH PRJ QS SU]HUZDü SRáF]HQLH Z SU]\SDGNX<br />
JG\MDNRüWUDQVPLVMLEG]LHQLHZ\VWDUF]DMFDOXEWH*RGU]XFDüSDNLHW\NWyUHQDGHV]á\]H]E\W<br />
GX*\P RSy(QLHQLHP 2VWDWQLD FHFKD PD GX*H ]QDF]HQLH Z SU]\SDGNX SU]HV\áDQLD VWUXPLHQLD<br />
L]RFKURQLF]QHJRMDNLPMHVWJáRV=QDF]QLHNRU]\VWQLHMMHVWRGU]XFLüRSy(QLRQ\OXEZDGOLZ\SDNLHW<br />
F]HJR HIHNWHP EG]LH FR QDMZ\*HM GHOLNDWQ\ WU]DVN Z VáXFKDZFH QL* JR SRQRZQLH<br />
UHWUDQVPLWRZDü:LNV]RüGRW\FKF]DVRZ\FKSURWRNRáyZSU]HV\áDQLDGDQ\FKQS7&3QLHMHVW<br />
GRVWRVRZDQD GR SU]HV\áDQLD JáRVX JG\* ]DZV]H UHWUDQVPLWRZDáD XV]NRG]RQH SDNLHW\ EH]<br />
Z]JOGXQDZSURZDG]DQHRSy(QLHQLD<br />
,QIRUPDFMHZVLHFL$70SU]HV\áDQHVZNDQDáDFKZLUWXDOQ\FK.D*G\]QLFKQDOH*\GRMHGQHM]<br />
ZLHOX GRVWSQ\FK NDWHJRULL UXFKRZ\FK 'ZLH VSRUyG QLFK QDGDMVL V]F]HJyOQLH GREU]H GR<br />
SU]HV\áDQLDJáRVX6WRNDWHJRULH<br />
a) CBR (Constant Bit Rate VWRVRZDQ\ GR XVáXJ R VWDáHM SU]HSá\ZQRFL ELWRZHM =DSHZQLD<br />
FLJá\ SU]HSá\Z ELWyZ ]H VWDá Z\QHJRFMRZDQ SRGF]DV ]HVWDZLDQLD SRáF]HQLD V]\ENRFL<br />
ELWRZ : W\P FHOX UH]HUZRZDQH MHVW RGSRZLHGQLH SDVPR QD FDá\ F]DV LVWQLHQLD NDQDáX<br />
ZLUWXDOQHJR5HDOL]DFMNDWHJRULL&%5]DSHZQLDZSUDNW\FHZDUVWZDDGDSWDF\MQD$$/<br />
b) VBR-rt (Variable Bit Rate - real timePD]DVWRVRZDQLHZSU]\SDGNXXVáXJZ\PDJDMF\FK<br />
]PLHQQ\FK SU]HSá\ZQRFL 3RGF]DV QDZL]\ZDQLD SRáF]HQLD QHJRFMRZDQH V SDUDPHWU\<br />
FKDUDNWHU\]XMFH SU]HV\áDQ\ VWUXPLH LQIRUPDFML MHJR ]PLHQQRü UHGQLDLPDNV\PDOQD<br />
SU]HSá\ZQRü PDNV\PDOQD ZLHONRü SDF]NL GDQ\FK burst’u) itd. Podczas trwania sesji<br />
JZDUDQFM GRWDUFLD GR RGELRUF\ PDM W\ONR WH SDNLHW\ NWyUH VSHáQLDM]DáR*HQLD GRW\F]FH<br />
Z\QHJRFMRZDQHJR SURILOX UXFKX : SU]HFLZLHVWZLH GR NDWHJRULL &%5 QLH PD UH]HUZDFML<br />
SDVPD GOD NDQDáX ZLUWXDOQHJR Z FLVá\P WHJR VáRZD ]QDF]HQLX : HIHNFLH JG\ Z GDQHM<br />
FKZLOLVWUXPLHGDQ\FK]PDOHMHOXEFDáNRZLFLHXVWDQLH]ZROQLRQHSDVPRPRJZ\NRU]\VWDü<br />
LQQH NDQDá\ QLH W\ONR 9%5 2NUHOHQLH real time R]QDF]D *H SDNLHW\ NWyUH SRVLDGDM<br />
RSy(QLHQLH ZLNV]H RG ]DNáDGDQHJR PDMQL*V]\ SULRU\WHW L Z UD]LH QDWáRNX Z Z(OH±V<br />
usuwane.<br />
2SUyF] Z\ERUX NDWHJRULL UXFKRZHM SU]\ UHDOL]DFML XVáXJ JáRVRZ\FK PR*QD Z\NRU]\VWDü Uy*QH<br />
wersje warstwy AAL $$/ $$/ $$/ 'REyU RGSRZLHGQLHM ZDUVWZ\ ]DOH*\ JáyZQLH RG<br />
VSRVREXNRGRZDQLDJáRVXDFLOHMSDUDPHWUyZJHQHURZDQHJRVWUXPLHQLDGDQ\FK&%59%5<br />
4
:DUVWZD $$/ XPR*OLZLD WUDQVPLVM GDQ\FK Z NDWHJRULL UXFKRZHM &%5 -HVW WR QDMSURVWV]D<br />
LPSOHPHQWDFMD XVáXJL JáRVRZHM Z VLHFL $70 SR]ZDOD ERZLHP QD SU]HV\áDQLH SRGVWDZRZHJR<br />
VWUXPLHQLD3&0RSU]HSá\ZQRFLNESV0R*OLZHMHVWWDN*H Z\NRU]\VWDQLH W\FK DOJRU\WPyZ<br />
NRPSUHVMLJáRVXNWyUHJHQHUXMQDZ\MFLXVWUXPLHELWRZ\RVWDáHMSU]HSá\ZQRFL<br />
: ]DOH*QRFL RG SRWU]HE PR*OLZH MHVW SU]HV\áDQLH Z MHGQ\P NDQDOH ZLUWXDOQ\P SRMHG\QF]HM<br />
UR]PRZ\ OXE JUXS\ UR]PyZ 7R RVWDWQLH UR]ZL]DQLH MHVW VWRVRZDQH Z\áF]QLH SU]\<br />
Z\NRU]\VWDQLXVLHFL$70GRSRáF]HVNURQ\FK 3%;3%; -HJR ]DOHWV QLVNLH RSy(QLHQLD<br />
SDNLHW\]DFML RUD] PR*OLZRü VWRVRZDQLD EDUG]R XSURV]F]RQHM V\JQDOL]DFML Z VNUDMQ\P<br />
SU]\SDGNXMHMEUDNSU]\Z\NRU]\VWDQLXNDQDáyZVWDá\FK39&(Permanent Virtual Connection).<br />
=ZL]DQLH MHGQHM UR]PRZ\ ] MHGQ\P NDQDáHP ZLUWXDOQ\P XPR*OLZLD ]QDF]QLH V]HUV]H<br />
Z\NRU]\VWDQLH VLHFL $70 GR WUDQVPLVML JáRVX 0R*OLZH V ZyZF]DV QLH W\ONR SRáF]HQLD W\SX<br />
3%;3%; DOH WH* SRáF]HQLD Z\NRU]\VWXMFH NRPXWDFM ZHZQWU] VLHFL $70 FR LOXVWUXMH<br />
SRQL*HM5\V<br />
5\V0R*OLZHNRQILJXUDFMHGRVWSXGRXVáXJLJáRVRZHM]Z\NRU]\VWDQLHPVLHFL$70<br />
5R]ZL]DQLD RSDUWH R NDWHJRUL UXFKRZ &%5PLPR*H QDMSURVWV]H QLH V RSW\PDOQH<br />
:\VWDUF]\SRGDü*HSU]\SU]HQRV]HQLXVWUXPLHQLDNELWVSU]\Z\NRU]\VWDQLXNDQDáX$70Z<br />
ZHUVML &%5 L $$/ QDU]XW LQIRUPDFML Z\QRVL EDMWyZ QD ND*GH SU]HQRV]RQH EDMWyZ<br />
ÄLQIRUPDFML JáRVRZHM´ ]DWHP HIHNW\ZQD V]\ENRü NDQDáX Z\QRVL 64x[53/47] kbit/s). W<br />
UR]PRZLHGZyFKRVyEZ\VWSXMHZLHOHSU]HUZPLG]\SRV]F]HJyOQ\PL]GDQLDPLVáRZDPLRUD]<br />
FKZLO Z NWyU\FK UR]PyZF\ ]DVWDQDZLDMVL ,QQMHMZD*Q FHFK MHVW LQWHUDNFMD W]Q MHGQD<br />
RVREDPyZLDGUXJDVáXFKD3U]HV\áDQLHJáRVXMDNRVWUXPLHQLD&%5ZRJyOHQLHXZ]JOGQLDW\FK<br />
5
]MDZLVN FR SRZRGXMH PDUQRWUDZLHQLH GRVWSQHJR SDVPD 3UREOHP WHQ UR]ZL]XMH SU]HV\áDQLH<br />
JáRVXMDNRVWUXPLHQLD9%5UWPR*OLZHSU]\]DVWRVRZDQLXZDUVWZ$$/OXE$$/<br />
:DUVWZD$$/SR]ZDODQDSU]HV\áDQLHJáRVXZNDWHJRULLUXFKRZHM VBR-rt. Oznacza to dobre<br />
Z\NRU]\VWDQLH SDVPD VLHFL = SXQNWX ZLG]HQLD DSOLNDFML PR*OLZH MHVW VWRVRZDQLH ]DUyZQR<br />
PHFKDQL]PyZNRPSUHVMLJáRVXMDNWH*XNáDGyZGHWHNFMLLXVXZDQLDFLV]\<br />
3RGREQLHMDNZSRSU]HGQLRRSLVDQHMZDUVWZLH$$/PR*OLZHMHVWSU]HV\áDQLHZMHGQ\PNDQDOH<br />
wirtualnym pojedynczej rozmowy lub grupy rozmów.<br />
Warstwa AAL2 ma zaimplementowany mechanizm multipleksacji dynamicznej, który<br />
XPR*OLZLD SU]HV\áDQLH ZLHOX QLH]DOH*Q\FK VWUXPLHQL Z MHGQ\P NDQDOH ZLUWXDOQ\P L ND*G\<br />
VWUXPLH PR*H Uy*QLü VL URG]DMHP SU]HV\áDQ\FK LQIRUPDFML SU]HSá\ZQRFL ELWRZ RUD]<br />
SRURZDWRFLburstiness ± SRU 5\V 0HFKDQL]P WHQ RND]XMH VLV]F]HJyOQLHFHQQ\SU]\<br />
ZVSyáSUDF\]FHQWUDODPL3%;<br />
$$/ 8VHU 3DUW<br />
NDQDá<br />
<br />
NDQDá<br />
JáRVRZ\ <br />
GDQH<br />
NDQDá<br />
JáRVRZ\ <br />
NDQDá<br />
<br />
$$/ &RPPRQ<br />
3DUW<br />
$70<br />
komórka <strong>ATM</strong><br />
komórka <strong>ATM</strong><br />
1DJáyZHN SDNLHWX<br />
1DJáyZHN NRPyUNL<br />
Rys. 23U]HV\áDQLHLQIRUPDFML]Z\NRU]\VWDQLHP$$/QDSODWIRUPLH$70<br />
:DUVWZD$$/XPR*OLZLDSU]HV\áDQLHJáRVX]DUyZQRZNDWHJRULLUXFKRZHM&%5MDNWH*VBR-rt.<br />
:áDVQRFLWHMZDUVWZ\VSRGREQHMDN$$/=JRGQLH]]DOHFHQLDPL$70)RUXPV\JQDOL]DFMD<br />
na styku 3ULYDWH 81, PXVL VL RGE\ZDü ] Z\NRU]\VWDQLHP WHM ZDUVWZ\ VWG ]DVWRVRZDQLH MHM<br />
UyZQLH*GRSU]HV\áDQLDJáRVXXSUDV]F]DNRQVWUXNFMWHUPLQDOL<br />
3U]\JRWRZDQRGZLHNRQFHSFMHSU]HV\áDQLDJáRVXUHDOL]RZDQHZRSDUFLXRVWDQGDUG$70<br />
„ Telephony to the Desktop - tzn. od komputera do komputera.<br />
„ PBX-based Instalations - tzn. oparta na centralach PBX<br />
Koncepcja Telephony to the Desktop<br />
5R]ZL]DQLHWRVWRVRZDQHMHVW]D]Z\F]DMZSU]\SDGNXJG\LVWQLHMHSRWU]HEDUR]PRZ\SRPLG]\<br />
GZRPD X*\WNRZQLNDPL NRPSXWHUyZ RVRELVW\FK SRGáF]RQ\FK GR VLHFL $70 =DSHZQLD RQR<br />
LQWHJUDFM JáRVX ] LQQ\PL XVáXJDPL WUDQVIHU SOLNyZ SRF]WD HOHNWURQLF]QD 5ROD VLHFL $70<br />
RJUDQLF]D VL GR ]HVWDZLHQLD NDQDáX ZLUWXDOQHJR L XWU]\P\ZDQLD RGSRZLHGQLFK SDUDPHWUyZ<br />
6
WUDQVPLVML G]LNL ZEXGRZDQ\P PHFKDQL]PRP 4R6 QDWRPLDVW GR ]DGDWHUPLQDOLNRFRZ\FK<br />
QDOH*\ ]OHFHQLH ]HVWDZLHQLD RGSRZLHGQLHJR NDQDáX QD ED]LH DGUHVyZ ,3 OXE $70 RUD]<br />
ZV]\VWNLHF]\QQRFL]ZL]DQH]NRGRZDQLHPLNRPSUHVMJáRVXZSU]\SDGNXNRPSXWHUDMHVWWR<br />
VSUDZDRGSRZLHGQLHMDSOLNDFML$E\WDNLHSRáF]HQLHE\áRUHDOL]RZDQHZ\VWDUF]\*HE\RE\GZDM<br />
UR]PyZF\]DLQVWDORZDOLQDVZRLFKNRPSXWHUDFKRGSRZLHGQLHRSURJUDPRZDQLHLPLHOLGRVWSGR<br />
VLHFL$70'RSU]HVáDQLDJáRVXPR*H]RVWDüZ\NRU]\VWDQ\NDQDáZLUWXDOQ\RNDWHJRULLUXFKRZHM<br />
&%5OXEWH*RLOHMHVWWRPR*OLZHVBR-rt.<br />
,QVWDODFMHRSDUWHQDZ\NRU]\VWDQLXVSU]WX3%;<br />
:REHFQ\FKF]DVDFKF]VWR]DFKRG]LSRWU]HEDSRáF]HQLDRGG]LDáyZNRUSRUDFML]DUyZQRVLHFL<br />
WHOHIRQLF]QZ\NRU]\VWXMFFHQWUDOH3%;MDNLVLHFLWUDQVPLVMLGDQ\FK5R]ZL]DQLHRSDUWHQD<br />
VLHFL V]NLHOHWRZHM $70 MHVW R W\OH NRU]\VWQH *H SR]ZDOD ]URELü WR Z VSRVyE MHGQROLW\<br />
Z\NRU]\VWXMFPHFKDQL]PLQWHJUDFMLXVáXJ<br />
:\NRU]\VWDQLHFHQWUDO3%;ZL*HVL]NRQLHF]QRFLSU]HND]\ZDQLDLQIRUPDFMLV\JQDOL]DF\MQHM<br />
SRPLG]\QLPL1LHVWHW\ZWHMNZHVWLLQLHGRSUDFRZDQRVLMHV]F]HSRZV]HFKQLHDNFHSWRZDQHJR<br />
MHGQROLWHJRVWDQGDUGX'RVWSQHVZ\áF]QLHUR]ZL]DQLDILUPRZH<br />
:SU]\SDGNXWZRU]HQLDSRáF]HSRPLG]\FHQWUDODPL]DSRPRFNDQDáyZZLUWXDOQ\FKNDWHJRULL<br />
&%5UR]Uy*QLDVLNRQFHSFMH<br />
„ Structured Frames 3%;JHQHUXMHVWUXPLHRFLOHXVWDORQHMVWUXNWXU]HQS3&0<br />
NDQDá\ NESV PXOWLSOHNVRZDQH Z WHFKQLFH 7'0 Z W\P JáRVRZ\FK 6WUXPLH WHQ<br />
SU]HV\áDQ\MHVWQDVWSQLHMHGQ\PNDQDáHPRVWDáHMSU]HSá\ZQRFLZSU]\SDGNX3&0<br />
0ESV 5ROD VLHFL RJUDQLF]D VL GR XVWDQRZLHQLD WHJR NDQDáX JG\* FDáD LQIRUPDFMD<br />
V\JQDOL]DF\MQD]DZDUWDMHVWZHZQWU]SU]HV\áDQHJRVWUXPLHQLD5R]ZL]DQLHWRFKDUDNWHU\]XMH<br />
VL EDUG]R QLVNLPL RSy(QLHQLDPL ]ZL]DQ\PL ] Z\SHáQLDQLHP NRPyUHN L PDá\PL QDU]XWDPL<br />
QDJáyZNyZ Z VWRVXQNX GR LQIRUPDFML X*\WHF]QHM 7HFKQLND WD QLH Z\NRU]\VWXMH MHGQDN<br />
HIHNW\ZQLHSDVPDJG\*ZSU]\SDGNXEUDNXUR]PRZ\ZNWyU\P]NDQDáyZrozmównych nie<br />
PR*HRQE\üZ\NRU]\VWDQ\GRLQQ\FKFHOyZ<br />
„ Unstructured Frames 1[NESVSRPLG]\ PBX’ami tworzonych jest N pojedynczych<br />
NDQDáyZ ZLUWXDOQ\FK R SU]HSá\ZQRFL ELWRZHM NESV ND*G\ 5R]ZL]DQLH WR MHVW SRG<br />
SHZQ\PL Z]JOGDPL PQLHM DWUDNF\MQH QL* Structured Frames SRQLHZD*Z]UDVWDRSy(QLHQLH<br />
]ZL]DQH ] Z\SHáQLDQLHP UDPHN LQIRUPDFM JáRVRZ -HGQDN WDN ]HVWDZLRQH NDQDá\ Z<br />
PRPHQFLH JG\ QLH VDNWXDOQLHX*\ZDQH GR SU]HV\áDQLD UR]PRZ\ PR*QDZ\NRU]\VWDüGR<br />
LQQ\FK FHOyZ QS SU]HV\áDQLD GDQ\FK NRPSXWHURZ\FK FR QLH E\áR PR*OLZH Z SRSU]HGQLP<br />
UR]ZL]DQLX<br />
2E\GZLH SRZ\*HM RSLVDQH VSRVRE\ áF]HQLD XU]G]H 3%; RSLHUDMVL QD WZRU]HQLX NDQDáyZ<br />
ZLUWXDOQ\FK R VWDáHM SU]HSá\ZQRFLELWRZHM&%5L]W\PIDNWHPZL* VL SRZD*QH<br />
ograniczenia. Pasmo jest wykorzystywane QLHHIHNW\ZQLH QLH PDM ]DVWRVRZDQLD XNáDG\<br />
NRPSUHVML RUD] GHWHNFML L Z\FLQDQLD FLV]\ 7HQ VSRVyE WUDQVPLVML MHVW MX* GREU]H<br />
]QRUPDOL]RZDQ\ Z\EyU XU]G]H MHVW V]HURNL L PR*OLZD MHVW REHFQLH SUDNW\F]QD UHDOL]DFMD Z<br />
sieci, nawet publicznej.<br />
7
1RZH PR*OLZRFL X]\VNXMH VLSU]H]SRáF]HQLH FHQWUDO 3%; NDQDáDPL ZLUWXDOQ\PL NDWHJRULL<br />
9%5 0R*OLZH MHVW ]HVWDZLDQLH GOD ND*GHM UR]PRZ\ RGG]LHOQHJR NDQDáX ZLUWXDOQHJR MDN<br />
UyZQLH*Z\NRU]\VWDQLH]DOHWPXOWLSOHNVDFMLG\QDPLF]QHMRIHURZDQHMSU]H]ZDUVWZDGDSWDF\MQ<br />
$$/ZSRáF]HQLX]XNáDGDPLGHWHNFMLLZ\FLQDQLDFLV]\RUD]NRPSUHVM:\JRVSRGDURZDQHZ<br />
WHQVSRVyESDVPRPR*HE\üZ\NRU]\VWDQHSU]H]LQQHDSOLNDFMH<br />
1LHVWHW\ ZDUVWZD $// D WDN*H NDWHJRULD UXFKRZD VBR-rt), nie jest jeszcze dobrze<br />
]QRUPDOL]RZDQD 3URGXFHQFL NWyU]\ RIHUXM VSU]W SUDFXMF\ Z WHM NDWHJRULL Z\NRU]\VWXM<br />
UR]ZL]DQLDILUPRZH6]HUV]H]DVWRVRZDQLHNDWHJRULL9%5PR*OLZHEG]LHZSU]\V]áRFL<br />
%DGDQLDV\PXODF\MQHUy*Q\FKNRQFHSFMLWUDQVPLVMLJáRVX<br />
: FHOX ]LOXVWURZDQLD SUREOHPyZ UXFKRZ\FK ]ZL]DQ\FK ] SU]HV\áDQLHP LQIRUPDFML JáRVRZHM<br />
SU]H]VLHü$70SU]HSURZDG]RQRV]HUHJV\PXODFML6\PXORZDQ\E\áV\VWHPZNWyU\PQ(UyGHá<br />
JáRVRZ\FK R FKDUDNWHU\VW\FH on/off JHQHURZDáR VWUXPLHQLH 9%5 SU]HV\áDQH áF]HP $70 R<br />
]DGDQHMSU]HSá\ZQRFL2GSRZLDGDWRWUDQVPLVMLJáRVX]GHWHNFMLZ\FLQDQLHPFLV]\<br />
5\VSU]HGVWDZLDZ\JOGV\PXORZDQHMVLHFLSU]HQRV]FHMLQIRUPDFMJáRVRZ<br />
Rys. 3 Schemat symulacji jednostopniowej PXOWLSOHNVDFMLNDQDáyZJáRVRZ\FK<br />
3U]\MWRQDVWSXMFHSDUDPHWU\(UyGHá<br />
- stan on (UR]PyZQDDNW\ZQ\RF]DVLHWUZDQLDRSLVDQ\PSU]H]UR]NáDGZ\NáDGQLF]\R<br />
ZDUWRFLUHGQLHMPV<br />
- stan off ÄFLV]D´ R F]DVLH WUZDQLD RSLVDQ\P SU]H] UR]NáDG Z\NáDGQLF]\ R ZDUWRFL<br />
UHGQLHMPV<br />
- w stanie on(UyGáRJHQHUXMHEDMWFRPs co odpowiada specyfikacji PCM,<br />
- w stanie off(UyGáRQLHJHQHUXMHGDQ\FK<br />
=DáR*RQR *H WUDQVSRUW GDQ\FK RGE\ZD VL ]Z\NRU]\VWDQLHPZDUVWZ\$$/'*F GR<br />
]PQLHMV]HQLD RSy(QLHSU]\MWR *H Z SDNLHFLH $70 R GáXJRFL EDMW\ SU]HV\áDQH MHVW <br />
bajtów danych, 8 bajtów stanowi WUDLOHU NRFyZND ZDUVWZ\ $$/ D SR]RVWDáH EDMWyZ MHVW<br />
VWDQGDUGRZ\PQDJáyZNLHP$707DNDZHUVMDZ\NRU]\VWDQLDZDUVWZ\$$/MHVWSURSRQRZDQD<br />
MDNR SRGVWDZRZD Z GRNXPHQFLH >@ L R]QDF]D RQD UHDOL]DFM SRVWXODWX MHGQRF]HVQHM<br />
8
PDNV\PDOL]DFML HIHNW\ZQRFL WUDQVPLVML SU]\ ]DFKRZDQLX QLHZLHONLHJR SR]LRPX RSy(QLHQLD<br />
pakietyzacji.<br />
6\PXODFMHZ\NRQDQRZ\NRU]\VWXMFSURJUDPComnet III v1.3SU]\QDVWSXMF\FK]DáR*HQLDFK<br />
ZáF]XQLHZ\VWSXMH*DGHQGRGDWNRZ\UXFKUXFKWáD<br />
SRPLQLWRRSy(QLHQLDZ\QLNDMFH]F]DVXSDNLHW\]DFMLPVLRSy(QLHQLDIL]\F]QHZ<br />
meGLXPWUDQVPLV\MQ\PPR*QDMHGRGDü<br />
]DáR*RQR EUDN VWUDW Z VLHFL D FR ]D W\P LG]LH SU]\MWR QLHRJUDQLF]RQSRMHPQRü<br />
buforów w elementach komutacyjnych (switch),<br />
- okres symulacji wynosi 90s + 5s rozbiegu (warmup) dla ustabilizowania stanu sieci; w<br />
okresie rozbiegu nie zbieramy danych.<br />
6\PXORZDQR G]LDáDQLH V\VWHPX GOD SU]HSá\ZQRFL Z ]DNUHVLH RG NESV GR NESV<br />
SU]\MPXMF ]\VN PXOWLSOHNVDFML Z ]DNUHVLH · =\VN ]GHILQLRZDQR MDNR OLF]E<br />
SURZDG]RQ\FKUR]PyZZRGQLHVLHQLXGROLF]E\NDQDáyZ3&0NESVPR*OLZ\FKGRSU]HVáDQLD<br />
GDQ\PáF]HP3U]\NáDGRZRGODáF]DNESV]\VNR]QDF]DUR]PRZ\<br />
=DNUHV V\PXODFML · ELHU]H VL]IDNWX*H GOD ]\VNX SRQL*HM OLF]ED NDQDáyZ<br />
PR*OLZ\FK GR SU]HVáDQLD ] X*\FLHP PHFKDQL]PyZ Z\FLQDQLD FLV]\ MHVW PQLHMV]D EG(UyZQD<br />
LORFLNDQDáyZSU]HV\áDQ\FKDQDORJLF]Q\PáF]HPEH]W\FKPHFKDQL]PyZ3&0-HVWZLFWR<br />
HNRQRPLF]QLH QLHRSáDFDOQH = NROHL ]\VN PXOWLSOHNVDFML SRZ\*HM MHVW WHFKQLF]QLH<br />
QLHPR*OLZ\ JG\* SU]\]DáR*RQ\FK SDUDPHWUDFK (UyGáD JHQHUXM UHGQL VWUXPLH GDQ\FKQD<br />
poziomie 21,33 NESV=DWHPSUyEDRVLJQLFLD]\VNXSRQDGVSRZRGXMHQLHVWDELOQRüVLHFL<br />
ODZLQRZHSU]HSHáQLHQLHEXIRUyZ<br />
3RF]WNRZR MDNR NU\WHULXP GRSXV]F]HQLD GDQHJR ZDULDQWX SU]\MPRZDQH E\áR RSy(QLHQLH<br />
UHGQLH WUDQVPLVML SRQL*HM PV ZDUWRü WD MHVW ]DOHFDQD SU]H] ,78 3U]\ RSUDFRZDQLX<br />
Z\QLNyZRND]DáRVLMHGQDN*HRSy(QLHQLHUHGQLHSDNLHWXMHVWQLHSU]\GDWQ\GRRFHQ\MDNRFL<br />
WUDQVPLVML]HZ]JOGXQDWR*HRGFK\OHQLHVWDQGDUGRZHRSy(QLHQLDE\áRWHJRVDPHJRU]GXFR<br />
ZDUWRü UHGQLD 'ODWHJR WH* GR RVWDWHF]QHM RFHQ\ MDNRFL WUDQVPLVML Z V\PXORZDQ\FK áF]DFK<br />
SU]\MWRGZDSURJLáF]HX]QDZDQR]DSU]\GDWQHGRWUDQVPLVMLUR]PyZMH*HOLPDNV\PDOQLH<br />
SDNLHWyZSU]\FKRG]Lá]RSy(QLHQLHPZLNV]\PRGPV]DGREUHMMDNRFL]DMH*HOLZDUWRü<br />
RSy(QLHQLDPVE\áDSU]HNUDF]DQDGODPDNV\PDOQLHSDNLHWyZ<br />
3RQL*HM SU]HGVWDZLDP\ X]\VNDQH Z\QLNL V\PXODFML 3RPLQLWH ]RVWDá\ WXWDM Z\QLNL GOD<br />
SU]HSá\ZQRFL NDQDáyZ Z ]DNUHVLH · NESV JG\*GODW\FKSU]HSá\ZQRFL QLH XGDáR VL<br />
X]\VNDüGRSXV]F]DOQ\FKRSy(QLHSU]\]\VNXPXOWLSOHNVDFMLZLNV]\PRG<br />
9
LF]ED NDQDáyZ<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
3U]HSXVWRZRü áF]D >NESV@<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
S GOD W PV<br />
S GOD W PV<br />
Rys. 46]DFRZDQDGRSXV]F]DOQDOLF]EDNDQDáyZWHOHIRQLF]Q\FKSU]\]DáR*HQLX*HGODmax. p<br />
>@SDNLHWyZRSy(QLHQLHSU]HNURF]\W>ms]<br />
<br />
<br />
2Sy(QLHQLH >PV@<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
NESV <br />
NESV <br />
NESV <br />
NESV <br />
3UyJ PV<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=\VN PXOWLSOHNVDFML<br />
Rys. 52Sy(QLHQLHSU]HNUDF]DQHGODS>@SDNLHWyZZ]DOH*QRFLRGSU]HSXVWRZRFLáF]DL<br />
zysku multipleksacji<br />
3LHUZV]\ Z\NUHV 5\V RGSRZLDGD QD S\WDQLH LOH UR]PyZ WHOHIRQLF]Q\FK R ]DáR*RQ\FK<br />
SDUDPHWUDFKPR*HE\üMHGQRF]HQLHSU]HVáDQ\FKNRQNUHWQ\PáF]HPGUXJL]D5\V]DZLHUD<br />
GDQH R RSy(QLHQLDFK SDNLHWyZ GOD áF]\ NESV RUD] NESV :DUWR ]DXZD*\ü *H<br />
GRSXV]F]DOQ\ ]H Z]JOGX QD RSy(QLHQLD ]\VN PXOWLSOHNVDFML URQLH V]\ENR ]H Z]URVWHP<br />
SU]HSXVWRZRFLNDQDáX<br />
10
3U]HGVWDZLRQ\SRZ\*HMSU]\SDGHNMHVWEDUG]RXSURV]F]RQ\:SUDNW\FHV\WXDFMHZNWyU\FKUXFK<br />
]Q(UyGHáEG]LHNRQFHQWURZDQ\ZMHGQ\PNRPXWDWRU]H$70LSU]HV\áDQ\áF]HPSXQNWSXQNW<br />
GRRGELRUF\EG]LHP\VSRW\NDüEDUG]RU]DGNR2ZLHOHF]FLHMVSRWNDP\V\WXDFMJG]LHUXFK<br />
EG]LH SU]HFKRG]Lá SU]H] NLOND Z]áyZ Z NWyU\FK SRV]F]HJyOQH UR]PRZ\ EGNLHURZDQHGR<br />
Uy*Q\FKRGELRUFyZ<br />
Podsumowanie<br />
=SU]HGVWDZLRQ\FKUR]ZD*DZ\QLND*HREHFQLH$70MDNRVLHüJáRVRZDQLHMHVWUR]ZL]DQLHP<br />
EDUG]R DWUDNF\MQ\P L SRZV]HFKQLH DNFHSWRZDQ\P .DWHJRULD &%5 QLH QLHVLH ]H VRE WDN<br />
]QDF]F\FK]\VNyZNWyUHPRJá\E\UHNRPSHQVRZDüZ\VRNLNRV]WVSU]WXLVLHFL:\NRU]\VWDQLH<br />
NDWHJRULL 9%5 SRSUDZLD HIHNW\ZQRü WUDQVPLVML JáRVX SU]H] VLHü $70 DOH SRZVWDMZW\P<br />
SU]\SDGNX SUREOHP\ ]ZL]DQH ] ]DDZDQVRZDQ\P VWHURZDQLHP UXFKHP L JZDUDQWRZDQLHP<br />
Z\PDJDQ\FKZDUWRFLSDUDPHWUyZMDNRFLRZ\FK<br />
-HGQDN*H SRVWSXMFD LQWHJUDFMD XVáXJ Z VLHFL Z QLHXQLNQLRQ\ VSRVyE SURZDG]L GR<br />
wykorzystywania uniwersalnych terminali i zunifikowanej techniki sieciowej. Podnoszenie<br />
HIHNW\ZQRFL MHVW ZD*Q\P DOH QLH MHG\Q\P FHOHP LQWHJUDFML XVáXJ 6WDQGDUG $70 MHVW<br />
XQLZHUVDOQLHIHNW\ZQ SODWIRUPLQWHJUXMF XVáXJL L GODWHJR SU]\SXV]F]DOQLH MX*QLHGáXJR<br />
EG]LHP\ SRZV]HFKQLH Z\NRU]\VW\ZDü WHUPLQDOH PXOWLPHGLDOQH ] NDUW$70L]PR*OLZRFL<br />
MHGQRF]HVQHMUHDOL]DFMLGRVWSXGR,QWHUQHWXSRáF]HJáRVRZ\FKRUD]XVáXJZLGHR<br />
Literatura<br />
[1] Ericsson Review. The Telecommunication Technology Journal 1/98 Voice and telephony<br />
networking over <strong>ATM</strong> GRVWSQ\QDVWURQLHwww.ericsson.com)<br />
[2] Adapting Voice for <strong>ATM</strong> Networks www.gdc.com (oficjalna strona firmy General<br />
DataComm)<br />
[3] dane z serwera Cisco System www.cisco.com<br />
[4] Realtime speech and voice transmission on the Internet, Jarkko.Ahonen@iki.fi &<br />
Arttu.Laine@eunet.fi<br />
[5] Rekomendacje ITU-T<br />
[6] <strong>ATM</strong> Forum, Voice and Telephony Over <strong>ATM</strong> to the Desktop af-vtoa-0083, maj 1997<br />
[7] <strong>ATM</strong> Forum, <strong>ATM</strong> Trunking Using AAL1 for Narrowband Services v1.0 af-vtoa-0089, lipiec<br />
1997<br />
11