Sebaceous Glands and the Prostaglandin Pathway—Key Stones of ...

125 : 5 NOVEMBER 2005
SEBACEOUS AND PROSTAGLANDIN—MOSAIC
xi
and PGE 2 levels but increase 15-deoxy-D 12,14 -PGJ 2 production
and triacylglycerol synthesis. The clinical consequence
could be that COX-2 inhibition may lead to a
downregulation of an existing inflammatory reaction but
may also enhance seborrhoea; and b) both natural and
synthetic PPAR-g1 ligands enhance lipid synthesis in sebaceous
gland cells following different modes of action, which
for the natural PPAR-g1 ligand 15-deoxy-D 12,14 -PGJ 2 is the
regulation of a cytochrome P-450 enzyme.
In addition, the results of this study combined with the
results of the previous reports mentioned above give a partial
explanation of the rather complex sebotropic effect of estrogens
(Callens et al, 1996; Dieudonne et al, 2000). Estrogens
seem to upregulate 15-deoxy-D 12,14 -PGJ 2 synthesis and subsequently
enhance PPAR-g1 activity and sebaceous lipid synthesis
(Ma et al, 1998; Iwata et al, 2005). This pathway of
estrogen effectiveness is probably complementary to estrogen’s
capacity to upregulate the insulin-like growth factor-1
pathway and, subsequently, production of sebaceous lipids
(Makrantonaki et al, 2002; Mendez-Davila et al, 2004).
At last, the work of Iwata et al (2005) provides indirect
evidence that the inhibition of the lipoxygenase pathway,
which exhibits proinflammatory and sebotropic activities
and a possible regulation of PPAR-a (Alestas et al, in press;
Zouboulis et al, 2003, 2005) is likely to be more powerful
than the inhibition of the PG pathway, including PPAR-g1
regulation, for future treatments of seborrhea and acne. On
the other hand, manipulating the PG pathway may be of
great interest in improving the activity of aging sebaceous
glands by parallel downregulation of inflammatory signals,
thus improving the quality of aging skin.
DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23922.x
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