Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Undersea Naval Applications
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Undersea Naval Applications Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Undersea Naval Applications
Conversion, % � CaO + CO 2 → CaCO 3 + HEAT (17.8 kJ/mol) � CaCO 3 Decomposes ~ 850º C 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Carbon Dioxide Scrubber 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time, Minutes 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CO2 Removal Rate, mmol/min; Mass CO2 Absorbed, g -Recently developed sorbent showed over 70% conversion of CaO in gas mixture of 21% CO 2 /44% H 2 /35% steam -Sorbent shows fast kinetics and stability for repeated cycles -Effort in place to scale up production methods for this extruded CaO sorbent * Sorbent provided by TDA Research, Inc. Sorbent tested at NUWC
Liquid Oxygen (LOX) Storage German built U212 & U214 submarines already employ Siemens fuel cell systems, which store hydrogen via metal hydrides and oxygen as LIQUID OXGYEN. Spanish S-80 goes a step further, in that it will be producing LOX on the vehicle itself. UTC providing fuel cell system for this submarine. LOX is becoming standard for air-independent propulsion (AIP), and it is an area that the U.S. Navy cannot afford to neglect. Sierra Lobo successfully demonstrated this technology in a Phase II STTR funded by ONR
- Page 1 and 2: Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Undersea
- Page 3 and 4: Voltage vs. Efficiency Plots R.W. S
- Page 5 and 6: Autonomous Undersea Vehicles
- Page 7 and 8: Force Net �� ISR �� Oceanog
- Page 9 and 10: Broad Fuel Comparisons Energy Conte
- Page 11 and 12: OSD Sponsored SBIR � OSD07-ES5
- Page 13 and 14: Delphi Inc. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell S
- Page 15 and 16: Efficiency, %; Utilization, % 100 9
- Page 17 and 18: Stack Voltage, V; Efficiency, % Mod
- Page 19 and 20: Preliminary Energy Section for 21
- Page 21: Anode Gas Recycle Blower Blower Att
- Page 25 and 26: Conclusions � Sulfur-free FT-fuel
- Page 27: NiCd Lead Acid NiMH AgO-Zn Sec. Li
Liquid Oxygen (LOX) Storage<br />
German built U212 & U214<br />
submarines already employ<br />
Siemens fuel cell systems,<br />
which store hydrogen via<br />
metal hydrides and oxygen as<br />
LIQUID OXGYEN.<br />
Spanish S-80 goes a step<br />
further, in that it will be<br />
producing LOX on the vehicle<br />
itself. UTC providing fuel cell<br />
system <strong>for</strong> this submarine.<br />
LOX is becoming standard <strong>for</strong><br />
air-independent propulsion<br />
(AIP), and it is an area that the<br />
U.S. Navy cannot af<strong>for</strong>d to<br />
neglect.<br />
Sierra Lobo successfully<br />
demonstrated this technology in a<br />
Phase II STTR funded by ONR