Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Undersea Naval Applications
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Undersea Naval Applications Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Undersea Naval Applications
Conversion, % � CaO + CO 2 → CaCO 3 + HEAT (17.8 kJ/mol) � CaCO 3 Decomposes ~ 850º C 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Carbon Dioxide Scrubber 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time, Minutes 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CO2 Removal Rate, mmol/min; Mass CO2 Absorbed, g -Recently developed sorbent showed over 70% conversion of CaO in gas mixture of 21% CO 2 /44% H 2 /35% steam -Sorbent shows fast kinetics and stability for repeated cycles -Effort in place to scale up production methods for this extruded CaO sorbent * Sorbent provided by TDA Research, Inc. Sorbent tested at NUWC
Liquid Oxygen (LOX) Storage German built U212 & U214 submarines already employ Siemens fuel cell systems, which store hydrogen via metal hydrides and oxygen as LIQUID OXGYEN. Spanish S-80 goes a step further, in that it will be producing LOX on the vehicle itself. UTC providing fuel cell system for this submarine. LOX is becoming standard for air-independent propulsion (AIP), and it is an area that the U.S. Navy cannot afford to neglect. Sierra Lobo successfully demonstrated this technology in a Phase II STTR funded by ONR
- Page 1 and 2: Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Undersea
- Page 3 and 4: Voltage vs. Efficiency Plots R.W. S
- Page 5 and 6: Autonomous Undersea Vehicles
- Page 7 and 8: Force Net �� ISR �� Oceanog
- Page 9 and 10: Broad Fuel Comparisons Energy Conte
- Page 11 and 12: OSD Sponsored SBIR � OSD07-ES5
- Page 13 and 14: Delphi Inc. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell S
- Page 15 and 16: Efficiency, %; Utilization, % 100 9
- Page 17 and 18: Stack Voltage, V; Efficiency, % Mod
- Page 19 and 20: Preliminary Energy Section for 21
- Page 21: Anode Gas Recycle Blower Blower Att
- Page 25 and 26: Conclusions � Sulfur-free FT-fuel
- Page 27: NiCd Lead Acid NiMH AgO-Zn Sec. Li
Conversion, %<br />
� CaO + CO 2 → CaCO 3 + HEAT (17.8 kJ/mol)<br />
� CaCO 3 Decomposes ~ 850º C<br />
80<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
Carbon Dioxide Scrubber<br />
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14<br />
Time, Minutes<br />
8<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
CO2 Removal Rate, mmol/min;<br />
Mass CO2 Absorbed, g<br />
-Recently developed sorbent<br />
showed over 70% conversion<br />
of CaO in gas mixture of<br />
21% CO 2 /44% H 2 /35% steam<br />
-Sorbent shows fast kinetics<br />
and stability <strong>for</strong> repeated<br />
cycles<br />
-Ef<strong>for</strong>t in place to scale up<br />
production methods <strong>for</strong> this<br />
extruded CaO sorbent<br />
* Sorbent provided by TDA Research, Inc.<br />
Sorbent tested at NUWC
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