An Introduction to Early Welsh - Arthur Pendragon of Wales

2i.] CONSONANT MUTATIONS. 19
commonly by nt, rarely by nh, the mutation of mp commonly
by mp, sometimes by mph or mh. The mutation of ng is
expressed by gg or ngg, the mutation of nd, nb by n or nd,
and m or mb.
20. Nasal mutation is found :
(a) After vyn my, e.g. vygkynghor, vyghynghor my counsel,
vyntat, vynhat my father, vympenn, vymphen, vymhen my
head, vyggwreic (gwreic) my wife, vynggwely my bed, vynyvot,
vyndyvot my coming, vymaraf (baraf) my beard.
(b) After yn in, into, e.g. ygkarchar, ygharchar in prison,
ymperved, ymherved in the centre, ymhoen (poen) in punishment;
yn diwed (=yn niwed) in the end; ymbwyt, ymwyt (bwyt)
into food.
(c) In certain phrases after numerals (chiefly with blyned years
and dieu, diwarnawt days), e.g. pump mlyned five years,
chwech mlyned RB. II. 397 (more usually chwe blyned) six
seith mlyned seven years, wyth mlyned eight years, naw
years,
mlyned nine years, naw nieu nine days, deng mlyned ten years,
dec nieu ten days, deudec niwarnawt twelve days, pymtheng
mlyned fifteen years, ugein mlyned twenty years, deugeint
mlyned forty years, cant mlyned a hundred years, can mu a
hundred kine, trychan mu three hundred kine.
NOTE. This usage started from those numerals which in Old Celtic
ended in n : seith (cf. Ir. secht n-, Lat. septem final m in Celtic became
; n),
naw (cf. Ir. noi n-, Lat. novem), dec (cf. Ir. deich n-, Lat. decem), cant (cf.
Ir. cet n-, Lat. centum).
Spirant Mutation.
21. This is found :
(a) After the numerals tri three and chwe(ch) six, e.g. tri
chantref three cantreds, tri pheth three things, chwe thorth six
loaves.
(b) After y her, e.g. y chlust her ear, y throet her foot, y
phenn her head.
After the prepositions ac, a with, tra beyond, e.g. a chledyf
(c)
with a sword, a thi with thee, tra thonn beyond wave.