An Introduction to Early Welsh - Arthur Pendragon of Wales
An Introduction to Early Welsh - Arthur Pendragon of Wales
An Introduction to Early Welsh - Arthur Pendragon of Wales
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
16.]<br />
CONSONANT MUTATIONS. 15<br />
in different parts <strong>of</strong> the verb. After certain parts<br />
<strong>of</strong> the verb<br />
lenation is absent or exceptional. Such are 3 sg. and 3 pi. pres.<br />
ind. act., 3 sg. pres. subj. act. and the passive forms. After the<br />
3 sg. <strong>of</strong> the pret. ind. act. non-lenation <strong>of</strong> the subject is the rule ;<br />
in RB. lenation <strong>of</strong> the object is occasionally found when it directly<br />
follows the verb, e.g. y kavas Uendigeit Uran he found Bendigeit<br />
Vran, frequently when the subject precedes it, e.g. y lladawd<br />
Peredur wyr yr iarll<br />
Peredur slew the earl's men.<br />
(P) After most <strong>of</strong> the forms <strong>of</strong> the verb "<strong>to</strong> be" lenation is found,<br />
most consistently in the predicate from its close connexion with the<br />
verb, but also in the subject whether it follows the verb immediately<br />
or is<br />
separated from it, e.g. ot wyt uorwyn if thou art a maid,<br />
yd ym drist ni we are sad, yssyd urenhin who is king, yssit le<br />
there is a place, nyt oed Uwy // was not greater, oedynt gystal<br />
they were as good, mi a uydaf borthawr / am gatekeeper, ni a<br />
vydwn gyuarwyd we will be guides, ny bydei vyw he was not<br />
alive, y bydynt barawt they should be ready, ny buost gyvartal<br />
thou hast not been just, tra uu vyw while she lived, pan imant<br />
veirw whe?i they were dead,<br />
buassei oreu it would have been best,<br />
byd lawenach be more joyous, bit bont let him be a bridge,<br />
bydwch gedymdeithon be ye comrades, tra vwyf vyw while 1<br />
live, tra vych vyw while thou livest, tra vom vyw while we live,<br />
mal na bont ueichawc so that they may not be pregnant, pei bewn<br />
urathedic if I were wounded, a vei vawr which should be great,<br />
gwedy y beym uedw after we were in<strong>to</strong>xicated, nyt DCS blant<br />
there is no <strong>of</strong>fspring, budugawl oed Gei Kei was gifted, y hwnnw y<br />
bu uab <strong>to</strong> him there was a son, cy<br />
t bei lawer o geiryd though there<br />
were many cities,<br />
nyt oes in gyghor we have no counsel, oed well<br />
ytti geisaw *'/ were better for thee <strong>to</strong> seek, <strong>to</strong>st vu gantaw welet it<br />
pained him <strong>to</strong> see. There is, however, no lenation after ys, e.g. ys<br />
gwir it is true (unless the subject be separated, e.g. kanys<br />
gwell genthi gyscu since she prefers <strong>to</strong> sleep] after ; nyt, nat, neut,<br />
e.g. nyt llei is not less, neut marw he is dead; after OS, e.g. OS<br />
gwr if he is a man ;<br />
after ae e.g. ae gwell is it better 1 after yw,<br />
e.g. pan yw Peredur that it is Peredur (unless the subject be