History of Shan Churches in Burma 1861-2001 - Khamkoo

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Shan people and their culture 8 SaoPha’s salary was depending on a fixed fraction of the State revenue. Thus, a SaoPha with a bigger and more prosperous State earned a salary higher than one with a smaller and less prosperous State. About thirty-five per cent of the revenue was contributed to the Central Government and the rest was used for State Administration. Before World War II, the Shan had been content to be ruled by the SaoPha. After the war SaoPha found themselves having to deal with activists in their own States, some were anti-SaoPha and others anti-British. The people’s demonstrations were putting pressure on the SaoPha to relinquish the power. In 1958 the SaoPha agreed to the demand of the temporary military government led by General Ne Win and relinquish their power and hereditary rights. No more ruling SaoPha since 1958. Culture and Custom Shan have their own language, literature, belief, dress, festivals and practices, which they proudly called “Shan culture.” However it is difficult to say whether it is an “Authentic Shan Culture” or “Buddhist Practices.” For instance, the novice ordination festival (y.B;omifbv.if;) normally held in March is, as claimed by the Shan, a Shan culture. It fact it is a Buddhist customs to make their sons becoming monks for a month in monastery to obtain merit for better future. Since Shan people have adopted Buddhism for almost two thousand years, all Buddhist practices have naturally and automatically become their culture. Buddhist festivals, activities and practices are sometime identified or assumed or considered or claimed as Shan culture. 23 Sometime they call it “Buddhist Shan Culture.” Shan people claim that Buddhism is Shan religion, Shan are Buddhists and Buddhism is Shan culture. People have been identified with religion. Thus it makes Shan very difficult to become Christian or belong to other religions. The questions are: * Is Buddhism Shan religion? * Where does Buddhism come from? * Is culture a religion? * Is religion a culture? * Is Buddhism Shan culture? * Can religion become culture or part of the culture or foundation of culture? * How can a Shan become Christian without abandoning their culture? * How can a Shan continuing participating in Shan cultural activities when he becomes Christian since their culture are Buddhist practices? These questions are very important for the Shan, Shan Christians and missionaries who work among the Shan. There are many Buddhist rites, which Shan have been adopting and practicing for centuries as their culture. They follow them and use them in their daily personal, social and community life. They have a unique way in celebrating festivals, giving name to a child, courting and marriages, dedication of new home, dead and burial, etc. which Shan Christians called it “Buddhist practices.” Language The Tai people in different countries and places still have many words in common although changes in dialect and accents. There are common languages and terms among Tai, Thai, Lao, Shan, Dai and Tai Ahom in spite of their separation for hundreds of years. For instance they all call “rice” as “kao” (c0fj), and the “spirit” as “Phe” (zD), “water” as “namm” (erfh)? The number, one (ekdifj), two (o.if), three (omrf), four (oDb), five ([Mj), six (=uf;), seven (qAwf;), eight (yFwfb), nine (u0fj), ten (odyf;) are the same. They also have similar dress and same method of cooking, dressing, life style and common food. Shan 23 History of Tai and Tai Country by Khoe Sean, published by Mok Ko Soi Leng Printing Press, Yangon, 1996, p99
Shan people and their culture 9 language belongs to the Tai linguistic group, which also includes the Thai, Lao and Zhuang languages. 24 Shan language is different from other languages in Burma. In their own language the Shan call themselves Tai (wB;) and their country Muong Tai (rldif;wB;) and their language Tai language (ugmrf;wB;). The Tai languages are a subgroup of the Tai Kadai language family. Six Central Tai Languages 1. Southern Zhuang (China) 2. Eastern Zhuang (China) 3. Man Cao Lan (Vietnam) 4. Nung (Vietnam) 5. Tày (Tho) (Vietnam) 6. Ts'ün-Lao (Vietnam) One Northwestern Tai Language 1. Turung (India) Four Northern Tai Languages 1. Northern Zhuang (China) 2. Nhang (Vietnam) 3. Bouyei (Buyi) (China) 4. Tai Mène (Laos) Thirty-two Southwestern Tai Languages 1. Tai Ya (China) 2. Tai Dam (Vietnam) 3. Northern Thai (Lanna, Thai Yuan) (Thailand, Laos) 4. Phuan (Thailand) 5. Thai Song (Thailand) 6. Thai (Thailand) 7. Tai Hang Tong (Vietnam) 8. Tai Dón (Vietnam) 9. Tai Daeng (Vietnam) 10. Tay Tac (Vietnam) 11. Thu Lao (Vietnam) 12. Lao (Laos) 13. Nyaw (Thailand) 14. Phu Thai (Thailand) 15. Isan (Northeastern Thai) (Thailand, Laos) 16. Ahom (India - extinct. Modern Assamese is Indo-European.) 17. Aiton (India) 18. Lü (Lue, Tai Lue) (China, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Myanmar) 19. Khamti (India, Myanmar) 20. Khün (Myanmar) 21. Khamyang (India) 22. Phake (India) 23. Shan (Myanmar) 24. Tai Nüa (China, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos) 25. Pu Ko (Laos) 26. Pa Di (China) 24 http://www.ethnologue.com/show_iso639.asp?code=Tai, January, 3, 2006
Page 1 and 2: I HISTORY OF SHAN CHURCHES IN BURMA
Page 3 and 4: III Preface Praise be to God our He
Page 5 and 6: V Contents Page Preface Introductio
Page 7 and 8: Mission Fields In Shan States 44 Th
Page 9 and 10: IX School 99 Church 99 Seven Servic
Page 11 and 12: XI Identification 161 Building Chur
Page 13 and 14: XIII CHAPTER SEVEN 270 CONCLUSION E
Page 15 and 16: Shan people and their culture 1 CHA
Page 17 and 18: Shan people and their culture 3 The
Page 19 and 20: Shan people and their culture 5 The
Page 21: Shan people and their culture 7 Sig
Page 25 and 26: Shan people and their culture 11 fr
Page 27 and 28: Shan people and their culture 13 Th
Page 29 and 30: Shan people and their culture 15 ta
Page 31 and 32: Shan people and their culture 17 mo
Page 33 and 34: Shan people and their culture 19 on
Page 35 and 36: Shan people and their culture 21 th
Page 37 and 38: Shan people and their culture 23 th
Page 39 and 40: Shan people and their culture 25 In
Page 41 and 42: Shan people and their culture 27 Th
Page 43 and 44: Shan people and their culture 29 Be
Page 45 and 46: Shan people and their culture 31 fe
Page 47 and 48: Baptist mission among the Shan 33 I
Page 49 and 50: Baptist mission among the Shan 35 S
Page 51 and 52: Baptist mission among the Shan 37 s
Page 53 and 54: Baptist mission among the Shan 39 s
Page 55 and 56: Baptist mission among the Shan 41 G
Page 57 and 58: Baptist mission among the Shan 43 T
Page 59 and 60: Baptist mission among the Shan 45 T
Page 61 and 62: Baptist mission among the Shan 47 r
Page 63 and 64: Baptist mission among the Shan 49 g
Page 65 and 66: Baptist mission among the Shan 51 3
Page 67 and 68: Baptist mission among the Shan 53 e
Page 69 and 70: Baptist mission among the Shan 55 q
Page 71 and 72: Baptist mission among the Shan 57 m
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Baptist mission among the Shan 59 i
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Baptist mission among the Shan 61 1
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Baptist mission among the Shan 63 G
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Baptist mission among the Shan 65 N
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Baptist mission among the Shan 67 R
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Baptist mission among the Shan 69 m
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Baptist mission among the Shan 71 K
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Baptist mission among the Shan 73 M
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Baptist mission among the Shan 75 w
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Baptist mission among the Shan 77 S
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Baptist mission among the Shan 81 N
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Baptist mission among the Shan 85 T
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Baptist mission among the Shan 87 B
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Baptist mission among the Shan 89 A
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Baptist mission among the Shan 91 E
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Baptist mission among the Shan 93 Y
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Baptist mission among the Shan 95 m
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Baptist mission among the Shan 97 W
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Baptist mission among the Shan 99 M
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Baptist mission among the Shan 101
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Challenges in twenty-first century
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Twenty-first century Shan mission p
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Shan Bible, Hymnbook, Radio, Litera
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Analysis 191 1. Workers in The Harv
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Analysis 193 not enter into ministr
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Analysis 195 members to become Chri
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Analysis 197 work. Some even do not
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Analysis 199 custom, but purer in m
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Analysis 201 Dr. Henderson reported
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Analysis 203 thanks offering of ric
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Analysis 205 attendant at the Shan
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Analysis 207 2 Timothy 2:15-16 Do y
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Analysis 209 As reported in August
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Analysis 211 Acts 8:36-38 As they t
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Analysis 213 had built other hospit
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Analysis 215 10. Special Music (Cho
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Analysis 217 zayat. My house, being
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Analysis 219 requested to give the
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Analysis 221 evangelistic rally at
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Analysis 223 made of brick. We spen
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Analysis 225 Christians” 93 Makin
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Analysis 227 20. Religion of Poor a
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Analysis 229 Present When we talk a
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Analysis 231 22. Language and Liter
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Analysis 233 5. Government policy.
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Analysis 235 used Church money to d
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Analysis 237 25. Mission is Mandato
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Analysis 239 Present In village set
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Analysis 241 work yet no noble trut
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Analysis 243 building, the other Ch
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Analysis 245 Psalms 89:7 In the cou
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Analysis 247 is a hero who comes ou
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Analysis 249 seen some leaders only
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Analysis 251 36. Understanding Past
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Analysis 253 of the monastery. They
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Analysis 255 Shan Churches. All of
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Analysis 257 In some Churches pasto
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Analysis 259 and sea to win a singl
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Analysis 261 Some Churches don’t
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Analysis 263 Pentecostal, Charismat
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Analysis 265 13. Victory over death
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Analysis 267 formal application on
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Analysis 269 Thank God for His wond
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Conclusion 271 Northern Shan State
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Conclusion 273 Luke 9:1-2 When Jesu
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Appendix 275 APPENDIX BIOGRAPHY Mos
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Appendix 277 evangelization by freq
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Appendix 279 Kham Maung Born of U N
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Appendix 281 Sai Stephen On July 12
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Appendix 283 Corresponding Letters
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Appendix 285 Letter from Dr. Sai Ht
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Appendix 287 2. Establish a new “
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Appendix 289 progressing. Some memb
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Appendix 291 Letter from U Kyaw Hla
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Appendix 293 3. Abandon the misunde
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Appendix 295 (Sai Nyunt Tha told me
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Appendix 297 Letter from Rev. David
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Appendix 299 money in the future. R
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Appendix 301 Letter from Rev. Sai N
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Appendix 303 successful if we can g
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Appendix 305 Letter from Dr. Sai Ht
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Appendix 307 2. Office 2,255 Kyat 3
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Appendix 309 (1993-1995) Letter fro
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Appendix 311 2. The price of the bo
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Appendix 313 Report on Income and E
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Appendix 315 3. For 1994 I have rec
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Appendix 317 (5) In June, preached
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Appendix 319 (1996-1998) Letter fro
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Appendix 321 I am very grateful to
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Appendix 323 Letter from Rev. Sai S
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Appendix 325 Expenditure (I) Local
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Appendix 327 Gospel tracts: Dr. Sai
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Appendix 329 2001 I wish we may hav
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Appendix 331 The Receipts and Payme
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Appendix 333 base on mutual trust a
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Appendix 335 Thank you for having c
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Appendix 337 I have sent Rev. Sai T
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Appendix 339 working around KengTun
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Appendix 341 will be responsible fo
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Appendix 343 year. Support will be
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Appendix 345 2. New believers Durin
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Appendix 347 We have no training du
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Appendix 349 the footsoldiers and C
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Appendix 351 Meals K 400 each x14x6
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Appendix 353 times therefore missed
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Appendix 355 Fax from Rev. Sai Step
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Appendix 357 E-mail letter to Rev.
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Appendix 359 691,200 518,400 518,40
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Appendix 361 Doctor gave him treatm
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Appendix 363 Myanmar beyond the Sha
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Appendix 365 2. To improve Shan Gos
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Appendix 367 Only Myanmar nationals
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Appendix 369 In retrospect, Dr. Sai
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Appendix 371 Century Shan Mission P
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Appendix 373 November 1989, by givi
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Appendix 375 Kyat (about US 10 cent
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Appendix 377 Kham have received tra
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Appendix 379 Many of the participan
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Appendix 381 learned that my two fr
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Appendix 383 Asian Report May/June
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Appendix 385 Asian Report January/F
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Appendix 387 Bible all the time, ev
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Appendix 389 Report from Malaysia T
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Appendix 391 the next day. However
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Appendix 393 Sao Noi gives his pers
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Appendix 395 Foreign and other nati
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Appendix 397 Rev. Moses Homan Bixby
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References and sources 399 Referenc
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Index 401 INDEX 21st Century…69,
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Index 403 Gibbens………52, 54, 7
Page 419 and 420:
Index 405 NamKham……46, 47, 48,
Page 421:
Index 407 TaChiLeik……68, 69, 74
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History of Shan Churches in Burma 1861-2001 - Khamkoo

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