History of Shan Churches in Burma 1861-2001 - Khamkoo

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Shan people and their culture 2 productive rice fields, Autonomous Prefecture, in the southern part of Yunnan province. The main Dai groups in China are Dai Lu, Dai Nua and Dai Mao. According to Travel China Guide, Dai is the name of the nationality, which means “freedom”. 7 Tai or Shan is now used as a generic word to cover the whole race spelled by French as Thay. The name is said to mean “The Free” or “Free Men.” 8 Why do they call themselves “Tai” or “Free” or “Freedom” or “Freemen”? Most likely, according to the history of Tai people, they were under attack many times by many groups such as Monkhmer, Mongol and Chinese for centuries. Their Kingdoms had been destroyed Kingdom by Kingdom. They were dispersed to many places in Southeast Asia because of war. They ended up “people without country” in other countries such as China, Burma, India and Vietnam and became a minority group of people in those countries. They would long for freedom. The great Tai race, who number today about 100 million, had established numerous Kingdoms and States in the past and still govern the two nations of Thailand and Laos. Tai people consider Thailand and Laos as Tai countries existing today. 9 Why Tai are also called Shan? One of the suppositions concerning the origin of the name “Shan” (oSsef;) is that, it derived from the word “Siam” (Hsian, Sein), which designates to a group of mountainous people who migrated from Yunnan in the 6 th century AD. Siam means agriculture or cultivating. Most probably because they were people of farming. Another supposition is, when Kublai Khan and his Mongol army conquered Nan Chao Kingdom in AD 1253 a second wave of Tai migrating down south into many areas of Southeast Asia. Some migrating Tai became mercenaries for the Khmer armies in the early 13 th century AD as it was depicted in the walls of Angkor Wat. In those days the Khmer called Tai as Syam, the word derived from Sunskrit meaning golden or yellow. The Tai at that time had a yellow or golden skin color. Shan can be a corrupt word of Syam, a name given to Kshatriya (warriors) (those warriors were said to be Shan) who were on duty for the Khmer Empire. A third supposition suggests that Shan were the people named after the “Great Mountain Ranges of China” from where they had migrated. Shan in Chinese is “mountain” or “hill”. 10 Tai in Burma are called Shan. But Shan always call themselves Tai (wB;) . Shan population in Burma is about 5 million (10% of Burma total population) 11 The Ancient Kingdoms Shan had their country and ruled by King since BC 2000 up to 16 th Century AD when the last Shan kingdom was overthrown by Burman King Anawrata. There were nine Shan kingdoms recorded in early history. 1. Tsu Kingdom (rldif;old0f) (BC 2000 - BC 222) 2. Ai Lao Kingdom (rldif;nBmjvm0f;) (AD 47 - AD 225) 3. Nan Chao Kingdom (rldif;vmefhq0fj) (AD 649 - AD 1252) 4. Muong Mao Lone Kingdom (rldif;rm0f;vlif) (AD 764 - AD 1252) 5. Yonok Kingdom (rldif;vmefheM;) (AD 773 - AD 1080) 6. SipSongPanNa (rldif;odyf;o.ifyef;eM;) (AD 1180 - AD 1292) 7. Waisali Kingdom (rldif;wlefjo.ef;crf;) (AD 1227 - AD 1838) 8. Sukhothai (rldif;xB;) (AD 1238 - AD 1350) 9. Muong Mao Kingdom (rldif;rm0f;) (AD 1311 - AD 1604) Muong Mao Kingdom was the last kingdom of Shan. 7 http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/nationality/Dai/ Apr 21,2006 8 Shan at home by Leslie Milne, published by White Lotus Co.; February 200, p208 9 Tai group of Thailand by Joachim Schliesinger, published by White Lotus, 2001, Vol 1, p19 10 Shan Magazine, published by Shan Cultural Committee, Yangon, Vol.2, 1997 p64 (Shan language) 11 1996 Myanmar Government Information, published by Myanmar Government
Shan people and their culture 3 The Kings of MuongMao were: Hsu Kan Hpa (old0fcmefbZMU) (AD 1311 - AD 1364) (founder of Muong Mao) Hsu Pem Hpa (old0fyArfbZMU) (q0fjyArfbZMU) (AD 1364 - AD 1366) Hsu Wak Hpa (old0f0mufjZMU) (ckefwB;yArfb) (AD 1366 - AD 1367) Hsu Hzun Hpa (old0fqkdefjZMU) (ildefjcA0fZMU) (AD 1367 - AD 1368) Hsu Hom Hpa (old0f+rfbZMU) (ckefyl;auM;) (AD 1367 - AD 1371) Hsu Yap Hpa (old0f,AyfbZMU) (wm0fhcmifbrldif;) (AD 1371) Hsu Hum Hpa (old0f=rfbZMU) (AD 1372 - AD 1405) Hsu Ke Hpa (old0fcDbZMU) (AD 1405 - AD 1420) Their Migration The first migration of Shan was said to be taken place in 1 st century BC when wars in central China drove many Tai people from that area. Those people moved South founded ancient Shan cities such as “MuongMao” (rldif;rm0f;) “MuongNai” (rldif;eBm;) “HsenWi” (oFefj0D) and “HsiPaw” (oDDbayMU). All of them are in Burma today. The second migration took place in 6 th century AD from the mountain of Yunnan. They followed “Nam Mao River” (erfhrm0f;) (ShweLi River) to the South and settled in the valleys and regions surrounding the river. Some continued west into Thailand. A second branch went north following the Brahmaputra River into Northern Assam, India. These three groups of Tai migrants were; Tai Ahom (Assam), Siam (Thailand) and Shan (Shan State), came to regard themselves as “Free People.” 12 Their Present Settlement Shan live in Burma, China, India, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam under different names but always one and the same people in different countries. Tai people in Burma are called Shan. There are five million Shan in Burma. Their land is called Shan State. Shan people in Burma are also known as Tai Lone, Tai Lai, Dai Nua, Dai Mao, Tai Dome, Tai Ding, Tai Sa, Tai La, Tai Wan, Tai Hume, Tai Lamm, Tai Kwan, Dai Lu, Tai Sam Tao, Tai An, Tai Khun, Tai Ngam, Tai Hai Ya, Tai Yang, Tai Loi, Tai Leng, Tai Khamti. In China about ten million Shan live in Yunnan, Hainan and Canton. They are known as Dai. There are three main Tai groups in China such as Dai Nua, Dai Mao and Dai Lu. Other Tai groups in China are known as Dai Yangze, Dai Nam (Sue Dai) or Dai Nung, Dai Lai, Dai Lone, Dai Chaung, Dai Doi, Dai Lung, Dai Kai Hua Jen, Tuo Law or Pa Yi, Pu Tai, Pu Naung, Pu Man, Pu Yu, Pu Chia, Pu En, Pu Yai, Pu Sui, Dai Ching, Dai Pa, Dai Tu Jen, Dai Doi, Dai Tho, Dai Hakkas, Dai Ong Be, Dai Li or Dai Lo. In India Tai live in Assam State. They are known as Tai Ahom or Tai Assam or Tai Khamti. In Lao they are known as Lao-Tai, include local groups such as Black Tai (Tai Dam) (Dai Lum) and Red Tai (Tai Deng) (Tai Leng) and Tai Nua. In Thailand they are known as Tai Yai, literally means Great Tai. In Vietnam they are known as Black Tai (wB;vrf@) and White Tai (Tai Khao) (wB;cm0f) numbering about five hundred thousand. Some other Tai in Vietnam are; Tai Tho (wB;xl0fb), Tai Nung (wB;ekif;), Tai To Tis (wB;xl0fbwdwfh), Tai Yang or Tai Nhang (wB;,mif;? WB;emif;), Tai Leng (wB;vFif@), Tai Pong Toa (wB;z.if;xl0fh), Dai Lu (wB;vkd0fh). According to Encyclopedia Britannica, the estimate total number of Tai in the late 20 th century is about 75,760,000 (including 45,060,000 Thai in Thailand, 3,020,000 Laotians in Laos, 3,710,000 Shan in 12 http://206.225.87.154:9080/live/shan/resources/history/Publications/tai_of_the_shan_state.htm, Oct 5,2006
Page 1 and 2: I HISTORY OF SHAN CHURCHES IN BURMA
Page 3 and 4: III Preface Praise be to God our He
Page 5 and 6: V Contents Page Preface Introductio
Page 7 and 8: Mission Fields In Shan States 44 Th
Page 9 and 10: IX School 99 Church 99 Seven Servic
Page 11 and 12: XI Identification 161 Building Chur
Page 13 and 14: XIII CHAPTER SEVEN 270 CONCLUSION E
Page 15: Shan people and their culture 1 CHA
Page 19 and 20: Shan people and their culture 5 The
Page 21 and 22: Shan people and their culture 7 Sig
Page 23 and 24: Shan people and their culture 9 lan
Page 25 and 26: Shan people and their culture 11 fr
Page 27 and 28: Shan people and their culture 13 Th
Page 29 and 30: Shan people and their culture 15 ta
Page 31 and 32: Shan people and their culture 17 mo
Page 33 and 34: Shan people and their culture 19 on
Page 35 and 36: Shan people and their culture 21 th
Page 37 and 38: Shan people and their culture 23 th
Page 39 and 40: Shan people and their culture 25 In
Page 41 and 42: Shan people and their culture 27 Th
Page 43 and 44: Shan people and their culture 29 Be
Page 45 and 46: Shan people and their culture 31 fe
Page 47 and 48: Baptist mission among the Shan 33 I
Page 49 and 50: Baptist mission among the Shan 35 S
Page 51 and 52: Baptist mission among the Shan 37 s
Page 53 and 54: Baptist mission among the Shan 39 s
Page 55 and 56: Baptist mission among the Shan 41 G
Page 57 and 58: Baptist mission among the Shan 43 T
Page 59 and 60: Baptist mission among the Shan 45 T
Page 61 and 62: Baptist mission among the Shan 47 r
Page 63 and 64: Baptist mission among the Shan 49 g
Page 65 and 66: Baptist mission among the Shan 51 3
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Baptist mission among the Shan 53 e
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Baptist mission among the Shan 55 q
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Baptist mission among the Shan 57 m
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Baptist mission among the Shan 59 i
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Baptist mission among the Shan 61 1
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Baptist mission among the Shan 63 G
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Baptist mission among the Shan 65 N
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Baptist mission among the Shan 67 R
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Baptist mission among the Shan 71 K
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Baptist mission among the Shan 73 M
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Baptist mission among the Shan 75 w
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Baptist mission among the Shan 77 S
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Baptist mission among the Shan 81 N
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Baptist mission among the Shan 85 T
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Baptist mission among the Shan 87 B
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Baptist mission among the Shan 89 A
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Baptist mission among the Shan 91 E
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Baptist mission among the Shan 93 Y
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Baptist mission among the Shan 97 W
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Baptist mission among the Shan 99 M
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Baptist mission among the Shan 101
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Challenges in twenty-first century
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Twenty-first century Shan mission p
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Shan Bible, Hymnbook, Radio, Litera
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Analysis 191 1. Workers in The Harv
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Analysis 193 not enter into ministr
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Analysis 195 members to become Chri
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Analysis 197 work. Some even do not
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Analysis 199 custom, but purer in m
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Analysis 201 Dr. Henderson reported
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Analysis 203 thanks offering of ric
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Analysis 205 attendant at the Shan
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Analysis 207 2 Timothy 2:15-16 Do y
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Analysis 209 As reported in August
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Analysis 211 Acts 8:36-38 As they t
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Analysis 213 had built other hospit
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Analysis 215 10. Special Music (Cho
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Analysis 217 zayat. My house, being
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Analysis 219 requested to give the
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Analysis 221 evangelistic rally at
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Analysis 223 made of brick. We spen
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Analysis 225 Christians” 93 Makin
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Analysis 227 20. Religion of Poor a
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Analysis 229 Present When we talk a
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Analysis 231 22. Language and Liter
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Analysis 233 5. Government policy.
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Analysis 235 used Church money to d
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Analysis 237 25. Mission is Mandato
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Analysis 239 Present In village set
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Analysis 241 work yet no noble trut
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Analysis 243 building, the other Ch
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Analysis 245 Psalms 89:7 In the cou
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Analysis 247 is a hero who comes ou
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Analysis 249 seen some leaders only
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Analysis 251 36. Understanding Past
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Analysis 253 of the monastery. They
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Analysis 255 Shan Churches. All of
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Analysis 257 In some Churches pasto
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Analysis 259 and sea to win a singl
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Analysis 261 Some Churches don’t
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Analysis 263 Pentecostal, Charismat
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Analysis 265 13. Victory over death
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Analysis 267 formal application on
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Analysis 269 Thank God for His wond
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Conclusion 271 Northern Shan State
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Conclusion 273 Luke 9:1-2 When Jesu
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Appendix 275 APPENDIX BIOGRAPHY Mos
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Appendix 277 evangelization by freq
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Appendix 279 Kham Maung Born of U N
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Appendix 281 Sai Stephen On July 12
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Appendix 283 Corresponding Letters
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Appendix 285 Letter from Dr. Sai Ht
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Appendix 287 2. Establish a new “
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Appendix 289 progressing. Some memb
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Appendix 291 Letter from U Kyaw Hla
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Appendix 293 3. Abandon the misunde
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Appendix 295 (Sai Nyunt Tha told me
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Appendix 297 Letter from Rev. David
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Appendix 299 money in the future. R
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Appendix 301 Letter from Rev. Sai N
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Appendix 303 successful if we can g
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Appendix 305 Letter from Dr. Sai Ht
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Appendix 307 2. Office 2,255 Kyat 3
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Appendix 309 (1993-1995) Letter fro
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Appendix 311 2. The price of the bo
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Appendix 313 Report on Income and E
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Appendix 315 3. For 1994 I have rec
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Appendix 317 (5) In June, preached
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Appendix 319 (1996-1998) Letter fro
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Appendix 321 I am very grateful to
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Appendix 323 Letter from Rev. Sai S
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Appendix 325 Expenditure (I) Local
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Appendix 327 Gospel tracts: Dr. Sai
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Appendix 329 2001 I wish we may hav
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Appendix 331 The Receipts and Payme
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Appendix 333 base on mutual trust a
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Appendix 335 Thank you for having c
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Appendix 337 I have sent Rev. Sai T
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Appendix 339 working around KengTun
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Appendix 341 will be responsible fo
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Appendix 343 year. Support will be
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Appendix 345 2. New believers Durin
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Appendix 347 We have no training du
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Appendix 349 the footsoldiers and C
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Appendix 351 Meals K 400 each x14x6
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Appendix 353 times therefore missed
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Appendix 355 Fax from Rev. Sai Step
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Appendix 357 E-mail letter to Rev.
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Appendix 359 691,200 518,400 518,40
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Appendix 361 Doctor gave him treatm
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Appendix 363 Myanmar beyond the Sha
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Appendix 365 2. To improve Shan Gos
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Appendix 367 Only Myanmar nationals
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Appendix 369 In retrospect, Dr. Sai
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Appendix 371 Century Shan Mission P
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Appendix 373 November 1989, by givi
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Appendix 375 Kyat (about US 10 cent
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Appendix 377 Kham have received tra
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Appendix 379 Many of the participan
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Appendix 381 learned that my two fr
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Appendix 383 Asian Report May/June
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Appendix 385 Asian Report January/F
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Appendix 387 Bible all the time, ev
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Appendix 389 Report from Malaysia T
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Appendix 391 the next day. However
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Appendix 393 Sao Noi gives his pers
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Appendix 395 Foreign and other nati
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Appendix 397 Rev. Moses Homan Bixby
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References and sources 399 Referenc
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Index 401 INDEX 21st Century…69,
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Index 403 Gibbens………52, 54, 7
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Index 405 NamKham……46, 47, 48,
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Index 407 TaChiLeik……68, 69, 74
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History of Shan Churches in Burma 1861-2001 - Khamkoo

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