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Rebirth and the Western Buddhist - Khamkoo

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Logical 'Proofs': <strong>the</strong> Theory of <strong>Rebirth</strong> 35<br />

things that are in fact not findable on logical analysis, it is<br />

postulated that we are dealing with findable things. In<br />

many ways <strong>the</strong>se hypo<strong>the</strong>tical findable things behave<br />

much like things in <strong>the</strong> observed world, so <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>ory can<br />

still be useful. But just as <strong>the</strong> Newtonian <strong>the</strong>ory of dynamics,<br />

which assumes absolute time <strong>and</strong> space, breaks<br />

down when very high velocities are involved, so this<br />

<strong>the</strong>ory too may cease to apply in certain circumstances.<br />

While this postulate may appear to be about individual<br />

things, in practice it is taken to mean that each type of<br />

thing has numberless defining characteristics, which<br />

mark it off from every thing not of that type. This gives<br />

rise to <strong>the</strong> important concept of a homogene (rigs 'dra): a<br />

homogene of A is something that is of <strong>the</strong> same type as<br />

A.<br />

Pz: A person is a dependent imputation on <strong>the</strong><br />

aggregates. There is no person self-sufficient or<br />

st<strong>and</strong>ing up on its own. (LG 12-18, 100)<br />

These first two postulates are consistent with Sautrantika<br />

tenets. The next two form <strong>the</strong> basis of <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>ory of<br />

causation.<br />

PJ: Whatever result is produced must be preceded<br />

by <strong>the</strong> complete collection of however<br />

many causes it has. If any of <strong>the</strong>m is absent,<br />

<strong>the</strong>y are unfit; if one cause is incomplete, that<br />

result cannot arise. (LG 21)<br />

P3': Conversely, if <strong>the</strong> collection of causes is<br />

complete, <strong>the</strong> result must be produced. (LG<br />

56-57)<br />

P4: The complete collection of causes of any<br />

result includes (1) <strong>the</strong> substantial cause (upadana)<br />

<strong>and</strong> (2) co-operative conditions.<br />

"Substantial cause of result R" means "That which leaves

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