The Current Situation and Challenge of Biomass Gasification ...
The Current Situation and Challenge of Biomass Gasification ...
The Current Situation and Challenge of Biomass Gasification ...
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11/12/2012<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Current</strong> <strong>Situation</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Challenge</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Biomass</strong> <strong>Gasification</strong> System<br />
with Rotary Kiln<br />
K. Sasauchi<br />
Environmental & <strong>Biomass</strong><br />
Engineering Dept. R&D Center<br />
Chugai Ro Co., Ltd.<br />
1
<strong>The</strong> kind <strong>of</strong> forms <strong>of</strong><br />
renewable energy<br />
Method<br />
Wind Power<br />
Hydro Power<br />
PV<br />
Geothermal power<br />
Energy form<br />
Electric<br />
Electric<br />
Electric<br />
Electric<br />
<strong>Biomass</strong> Electric・Heat・Liqu<br />
fuel ・Chemicals<br />
<strong>Biomass</strong> can be changed<br />
not only electric but also many kind <strong>of</strong> forms<br />
2
Contents<br />
We provide:<br />
Background in Japan<br />
Motivation <strong>of</strong> development<br />
<strong>Current</strong> situation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Biomass</strong> gasifire in Japan<br />
Our developing Rotary Kiln type gasifier<br />
Applied for rubble <strong>of</strong> earthquake disaster<br />
Conclusion<br />
3
Background<br />
<strong>Biomass</strong> resources are widely dispersed,<br />
so it costs a lot to collect a large amount <strong>of</strong> biomass<br />
Small-scale gasification system is desirable for on-site use.<br />
Downdraft gasifiers<br />
are <strong>of</strong>ten used for small-scale in Europe.<br />
It is compact<br />
<strong>and</strong> product gas contains little amount <strong>of</strong> tar.<br />
But it needs uniform size <strong>of</strong> biomass for successful operation<br />
<strong>and</strong> cannot treat unutiized biomass (bark, bamboo, grass).<br />
4
Wood chip<br />
for DownDraft Gasifire<br />
Scraps from Lumber<br />
Regular size with dry<br />
Paper company is using for pulp in Japan<br />
EUR80 / ton<br />
5
Motivation<br />
In Japan, there is currently a strong dem<strong>and</strong><br />
for fuel flexible gasifiers, that are able to convert biomass<br />
difficult to treat (bark, bamboo, grass etc.).<br />
bark bamboo grass<br />
We started the development <strong>of</strong> Rotary Kiln gasifier<br />
supported by NEDO project in 2003<br />
6
<strong>Current</strong> situation <strong>of</strong> biomass gasification<br />
plant for electrical generation in Japan<br />
300kW Downdraft (2010) TSK<br />
180kW Rotary Kiln (2013) ChugaiRo<br />
2000kW Updraft (2008) JFEE<br />
175kW Downdraft (2006) KHI<br />
Foreign License<br />
3000kW (2014) JBEC<br />
180kW Rotary Kiln (2006) ChugaiRo<br />
35kWDowndraft (2010) Yanmer<br />
250kW EB (2011) MAFF<br />
330kW Rotary Koln (2012) ChugaiRo<br />
2000kW Updraft (2007) JFEE<br />
150kW CFB (2007) KHI<br />
130kW Downdraft (2005) TSK<br />
175kW Downdraft (2009) KHI<br />
7
Fixed bed type Direct Gasifiers<br />
Updraft Type Gasifier<br />
Downdraft Type Gasifier<br />
<strong>Biomass</strong><br />
<strong>Biomass</strong><br />
<strong>The</strong>rmal decomposition<br />
gas +tar<br />
Air<br />
Reduced zone<br />
Combustion<br />
Zone<br />
Air<br />
Air<br />
Combustion<br />
Zone<br />
Reduced zone<br />
Air<br />
<strong>The</strong>rmal decomposition<br />
gas +tar<br />
Carbide<br />
Carbide<br />
8
Demonstration Plant <strong>of</strong> Stirling<br />
Engine<br />
Aichi Energy Park<br />
Owner:Chubu Electric Power Co.<br />
Constructor:ChugaiRo<br />
OutPut Power:30kW Eff:25%<br />
Fuel :Wood chip<br />
Type <strong>of</strong> Furnace:Direct fired<br />
Circulation Combustion<br />
Heat Exchanger<br />
Stirling Engine from DTU<br />
Overview <strong>of</strong> Plant<br />
9
間 接 式 木 質 バイオマスガス 発 生 の 原 理<br />
System <strong>of</strong> Indirect woody biomass gasification<br />
木 質 バイオマス<br />
Woody biomass<br />
Test 試 験 tube 管<br />
Combustible 可 燃 性 ガス Gas<br />
External アルコールランプ Heat Source<br />
10
Gasifier with externally heating kiln<br />
<strong>Biomass</strong><br />
<strong>The</strong>rmal decomposition<br />
gas +tar<br />
Hot Air<br />
Char/Ash<br />
Burning<br />
char<br />
Ash<br />
11
●External heating type multi-chamber<br />
rotary kiln<br />
12
Woody Chip<br />
Indirect gasification<br />
System <strong>of</strong> <strong>Gasification</strong><br />
Hot Gas<br />
Product gas<br />
Oxygen<br />
Reforming Gas<br />
Steam<br />
<strong>The</strong>rmal<br />
decomposition<br />
Shift<br />
reaction<br />
Combustible<br />
Gas<br />
Reformer<br />
Combustible<br />
Gas<br />
+<br />
Gasifier:External heating kiln<br />
Residuals(Char +Ash)<br />
Tar<br />
Removing tar by high<br />
temperature (1100℃)<br />
860℃<br />
200℃ <strong>The</strong>rmal decomposition<br />
Shift reaction<br />
約 1.5h<br />
13
Great East Japan Earthquake<br />
In Minamisanriku Town Miyagi<br />
612 people were dead<br />
226 people are missing<br />
3316 houses were destroyed<br />
<strong>The</strong> generated amount <strong>of</strong> rubble in<br />
this disaster is 1.8 million tons<br />
Town hall Feb.2012 Foundation <strong>of</strong> the house 14
<strong>Gasification</strong> <strong>and</strong> Co-generation Plant<br />
in Minamisannriku Miyagi Pref. Japan<br />
Input <strong>of</strong> <strong>Biomass</strong>:<br />
830 kg/h(50% moisture content)<br />
20 t/day<br />
Generation Capacity: 330kW efficiency 18%<br />
Hot water production:<br />
1980MJ/h[550kW]efficiency 30%<br />
Operation Started: Sep. 2012<br />
15
Waste<br />
Gasifire<br />
Waste<br />
incinerator<br />
Temporary<br />
storage <strong>of</strong><br />
waste<br />
Overview <strong>of</strong> disaster waste treatment<br />
plant in Minamisanriku<br />
16
Metal in the rubble<br />
<strong>Biomass</strong> selected from the rubble<br />
17
Property <strong>of</strong> chips for materials<br />
Unit<br />
Measurement<br />
Values from<br />
technical<br />
analysis<br />
Values from<br />
elemental<br />
analysis<br />
Moisture<br />
content<br />
wet% 64<br />
Volatile matter dry% 83.5<br />
Fixed carbon dry% 13.2<br />
Ash dry% 0.3<br />
C dry% 46<br />
H dry% 6.1<br />
N dry% 0.2<br />
O dry% 46<br />
T-S dry% 0.22<br />
T-Cl dry% 0.39<br />
Na<br />
K<br />
mg/kgdry<br />
mg/kgdry<br />
360<br />
1500<br />
Higher calorific value J/g 19200<br />
18
Schematic Flow Diagram<br />
Vent<br />
Gas Reformer<br />
Flare Stuck<br />
Vent<br />
Storage<br />
140m3<br />
Dryer<br />
Oxygen<br />
Filter<br />
Gas Holder<br />
Gasifier<br />
Gas Cooler<br />
Receiving Hopper<br />
Char<br />
Water<br />
Tank<br />
Metal or<br />
Others<br />
Hot Gas F’ce<br />
Drain<br />
Heat Exchanger<br />
Gas Engine Generator<br />
19
Differential in the composition <strong>of</strong> the produced gas<br />
<strong>Gasification</strong> at 850℃ <strong>Gasification</strong> at 700℃<br />
H 2 : 48%<br />
H 2 : 28%<br />
CO: 26%<br />
CO: 30%<br />
CO: 2 17%<br />
CO: 2 25%<br />
CH 4 : 8%<br />
CH 4 : 13%<br />
LCV 2,615 kcal/m3NLCV 3,233 kcal/m3N<br />
40℃ or less<br />
40℃ or less<br />
Relative humidity Relative 80%<br />
humidity 80%<br />
or less<br />
or less<br />
20
Result <strong>of</strong> <strong>Gasification</strong> Test<br />
Water<br />
20%<br />
Water<br />
20%<br />
Gas<br />
99%<br />
Solid 860℃<br />
(Continuous)<br />
80%<br />
Gas<br />
85%<br />
Solid 700℃<br />
(Continuous)<br />
80%<br />
Residual<br />
1%<br />
Residual<br />
15%<br />
Material<br />
(Wood Chip)<br />
Producer<br />
Material<br />
(Wood Chip)<br />
Producer<br />
21
Result <strong>of</strong> <strong>Gasification</strong> Test<br />
Outlet <strong>of</strong><br />
gasifier<br />
Outlet <strong>of</strong><br />
Refromer<br />
Gas volume wet m 3 N/h 348 269<br />
dry m 3 N/h 116 130<br />
Gas temperature o<br />
C 650 474<br />
Moisture content vol% 66.7 51.7<br />
Gas components CO 2<br />
vol% 20 31<br />
Calorific value (lower) MJ/m 3<br />
CO vol% 31 25<br />
H 2<br />
vol% 30 36<br />
CH 4<br />
vol% 13.6 7.4<br />
C 2<br />
H 4<br />
vol% 3.1 0.2<br />
C 2<br />
H 6<br />
vol% 0.3
Change <strong>of</strong> Calorific <strong>and</strong> volume<br />
Calorific value <strong>of</strong> the<br />
gas (MJ/m<br />
3 N)<br />
12<br />
250<br />
10<br />
200<br />
8<br />
150<br />
6<br />
4<br />
100<br />
2<br />
50<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0 30 60 90 120 1500 30 60 90 120 150<br />
Time (minutes)<br />
Time (minutes)<br />
Gas volume (m<br />
3 /h)<br />
Change in the calorific value <strong>of</strong><br />
gas with time<br />
Change in the gas<br />
volume with time<br />
23
<strong>The</strong>rmal reforming <strong>of</strong> tar<br />
Measured at the exit <strong>of</strong> reforming unit<br />
Time 10:09 10:31 11:02 11:4<br />
Reforming temp.(℃) 715 867 1200< 1079<br />
Oxygen (m3N/h) 7 8.77 9.02 14<br />
Tar in alcohol solvent<br />
24
Middle Gas Engine for<br />
generator<br />
Type<br />
Cylinder<br />
Displacement<br />
Power<br />
MAN<br />
V12<br />
19L<br />
Compression ratio 11<br />
350kW at Natural Gas 180kW at<br />
Pyrolysis Gas<br />
25
Small Gas Engine for<br />
generator<br />
Type<br />
2GR-FE(Toyota)<br />
Cylinder V6<br />
Displacement 3.456L<br />
Power<br />
30kW at Pyrolysis Gas<br />
Compression ratio 10.8<br />
HARRIER(TOYOTA)<br />
We try to use car engine for power generation<br />
26
Connect to diesel<br />
generator<br />
180kW<br />
<strong>Gasification</strong> Plant<br />
30kW×5<br />
500kW Diesel<br />
To other plant<br />
27
Conclusion<br />
1. Rotary kiln gasifire system is effective for<br />
gasification <strong>of</strong> biomass <strong>of</strong> irregular size<br />
2. Tar can be removed completely by thermal<br />
reforming<br />
3. <strong>Biomass</strong> power generation is not able to<br />
follow the electrical load variation, but it may<br />
be based by the generator connected to the<br />
emergency power system, even in no grid<br />
such as disaster area<br />
4. A motor vehicle engine can be used for<br />
biomass power generation<br />
28
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