Production of Tannin from the Bark of Eucalyptus ... - AU Journal
Production of Tannin from the Bark of Eucalyptus ... - AU Journal Production of Tannin from the Bark of Eucalyptus ... - AU Journal
The author is indebted to his employer, Federal University of Technology, Minna for providing the academic environment for conducting the research. The help rendered by the technical staff and undergraduate students, especially Messrs. Adamu, Aliyu, Abubakar and Orekoya of the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Federal University of Technology, Minna is also amply acknowledged. Table 1. Experimental data for the operating variables. Leaching Volume Method time of solvent Leaching of solvent (hrs) Solvent (x 10- 6 m 3 ) method removal EXPTA1 1 Tap water 1000 Agitation Distillation EXPTA2 2 Tap water 1000 Agitation Distillation EXPTA3 3 Tap water 1000 Agitation Distillation EXPTB1 1 Distilled water 1000 Agitation Distillation EXPTB2 2 Distilled water 1000 Agitation Distillation EXPTB3 3 Distilled water 1000 Agitation Distillation EXPTC1 6 Tap water 1000 Soaking Distillation EXPTC2 12 Tap water 1000 Soaking Distillation EXPTC3 24 Tap water 1000 Soaking Distillation EXPTD1 6 Tap water 2000 Soaking evaporation EXPTD2 12 Tap water 2000 Soaking evaporation EXPTD3 24 Tap water 2000 Soaking evaporation Table 2. Yield and percentage of tannin for EXPTA. EXPTA1 EXPTA2 EXPTA3 Sample Size Yield % Yield % Yield % (x 10 -6 m) (x 10 -3 kg) Yield (x 10 -3 kg) Yield (x 10 -3 kg) Yield 250 – 500 3.80 7.6 3.88 7.8 3.87 7.7 500 – 710 3.72 7.4 3.72 7.4 3.85 7.7 710 – 850 3.66 7.3 3.69 7.4 3.71 7.4 850 – 1000 3.61 7.1 3.63 7.3 3.67 7.3 > 1000 3.57 7.1 3.57 7.1 3.59 7.2 Table 3. Yield and percentage of tannin for EXPTB. EXPTB1 EXPTB2 EXPTB3 Sample Size Yield % Yield % Yield % (x 10 -6 m) (x 10 -3 kg) Yield (x 10 -3 kg) Yield (x 10 -3 kg) Yield 250 – 500 2.97 5.9 3.20 6.4 3.50 7.0
500 – 710 2.65 5.3 2.81 5.6 2.94 5.9 710 – 850 2.50 5.0 2.73 5.5 2.80 5.6 850 – 1000 2.23 4.5 2.38 4.8 2.59 5.2 > 1000 2.01 4.0 2.20 4.4 2.41 4.8 Table 4. Yield and percentage of tannin for EXPTC. EXPTC1 EXPTC2 EXPTC3 Sample Size Yield % Yield % Yield % (x 10 -6 m) (x 10 -3 kg) Yield (x 10 -3 kg) Yield (x 10 -3 kg) Yield 250 – 500 4.59 9.2 4.99 10.0 5.69 11.4 500 – 710 3.89 7..8 4.89 9.8 5.31 10.6 710 – 850 3.74 7.5 4.90 9.8 5.05 10.1 850 – 1000 3.04 6.1 3.60 7.2 4.99 10.0 > 1000 1.90 3.8 3.57 7.1 4.15 8.3 Table 5. Yield and percentage of tannin for EXPTD. EXPTD1 EXPTD2 EXPTD3 Sample Size Yield % Yield % Yield % (x 10 -6 m) (x 10 -3 kg) Yield (x 10 -3 kg) Yield (x 10 -3 kg) Yield 250 – 500 5.81 11.6 5.88 11.7 6.10 12.2 500 – 710 4.82 9.6 5.32 10.6 5.44 10.9 710 – 850 4.62 9.2 5.11 10.2 5.27 10.5 850 – 1000 4.59 9.2 5.03 10.1 5.00 10.0 > 1000 3.46 6.9 3.87 7.7 3.95 7.9 Table 6. Absorption factors for EXPTA1 and EXPTB1. Absorption factor Particle size (x 10 -6 m) EXPTA1 EXPTB1 250 - 500 3.29 2.95 500 - 710 3.27 2.91 710 - 850 3.25 2.86 850 - 1000 3.23 2.82 > 1000 3.21 2.76
- Page 1 and 2: Production of Tannin from the Bark
- Page 3: expected that the yield for 6 hrs s
- Page 7 and 8: 4.00 3.50 3.00 Tannin yield (x 10 -
The author is indebted to his employer,<br />
Federal University <strong>of</strong> Technology, Minna for<br />
providing <strong>the</strong> academic environment for conducting<br />
<strong>the</strong> research. The help rendered by <strong>the</strong> technical<br />
staff and undergraduate students, especially<br />
Messrs. Adamu, Aliyu, Abubakar and Orekoya <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Chemical Engineering <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Federal University <strong>of</strong> Technology, Minna is also<br />
amply acknowledged.<br />
Table 1. Experimental data for <strong>the</strong> operating variables.<br />
Leaching Volume Method<br />
time <strong>of</strong> solvent Leaching <strong>of</strong> solvent<br />
(hrs) Solvent (x 10- 6 m 3 ) method removal<br />
EXPTA1 1 Tap water 1000 Agitation Distillation<br />
EXPTA2 2 Tap water 1000 Agitation Distillation<br />
EXPTA3 3 Tap water 1000 Agitation Distillation<br />
EXPTB1 1 Distilled water 1000 Agitation Distillation<br />
EXPTB2 2 Distilled water 1000 Agitation Distillation<br />
EXPTB3 3 Distilled water 1000 Agitation Distillation<br />
EXPTC1 6 Tap water 1000 Soaking Distillation<br />
EXPTC2 12 Tap water 1000 Soaking Distillation<br />
EXPTC3 24 Tap water 1000 Soaking Distillation<br />
EXPTD1 6 Tap water 2000 Soaking evaporation<br />
EXPTD2 12 Tap water 2000 Soaking evaporation<br />
EXPTD3 24 Tap water 2000 Soaking evaporation<br />
Table 2. Yield and percentage <strong>of</strong> tannin for EXPTA.<br />
EXPTA1 EXPTA2 EXPTA3<br />
Sample Size Yield % Yield % Yield %<br />
(x 10 -6 m) (x 10 -3 kg) Yield (x 10 -3 kg) Yield (x 10 -3 kg) Yield<br />
250 – 500 3.80 7.6 3.88 7.8 3.87 7.7<br />
500 – 710 3.72 7.4 3.72 7.4 3.85 7.7<br />
710 – 850 3.66 7.3 3.69 7.4 3.71 7.4<br />
850 – 1000 3.61 7.1 3.63 7.3 3.67 7.3<br />
> 1000 3.57 7.1 3.57 7.1 3.59 7.2<br />
Table 3. Yield and percentage <strong>of</strong> tannin for EXPTB.<br />
EXPTB1 EXPTB2 EXPTB3<br />
Sample Size Yield % Yield % Yield %<br />
(x 10 -6 m) (x 10 -3 kg) Yield (x 10 -3 kg) Yield (x 10 -3 kg) Yield<br />
250 – 500 2.97 5.9 3.20 6.4 3.50 7.0
Change language