XXII. BIOCHEMICKÝ ZJAZD - Jesseniova lekárska fakulta
XXII. BIOCHEMICKÝ ZJAZD - Jesseniova lekárska fakulta
XXII. BIOCHEMICKÝ ZJAZD - Jesseniova lekárska fakulta
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Lectures<br />
HOW CAN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DNA STABILITY BE INFLUENCED<br />
BY DIET AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY?<br />
Karl-Heinz Wagner and Oliver Neubauer<br />
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Emerging Field Oxidative Stress and DNA Stability,<br />
University of Vienna, Austria<br />
Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and insufficient DNA repair may play an important<br />
role in the etiology of cancer, diabetes and arteriosclerosis. Participation in regular<br />
physical activity as well as plant based diet reduces the risk of developing such and<br />
other lifestyle-dependent diseases. Clear evidence for protective effects was observed<br />
for several foods although no correlations between oxidative/antioxidative parameter<br />
and DNA relevant biomarker can be observed.<br />
Interestingly, acute and strenuous exercise may induce oxidative stress via enhanced<br />
formation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) leading to oxidatively<br />
modified lipids, proteins and nucleic acids and possibly to lifestyle dependent diseases.<br />
Exercise-induced DNA damage might either be a consequence of oxidative stress or<br />
inflammatory processes or it is causally involved in inflammation and immunological<br />
alterations after strenuous prolonged exercise (e.g. by inducing lymphocyte apoptosis and<br />
lymphocytopenia). Currently, only a few data have investigated the influence of exercise<br />
on DNA stability and damage with conflicting results, small study groups and the use of<br />
different sample matrices or methods and result units. The presentation will address<br />
results of food based studies as well as the effects of exercise of various intensities and<br />
durations on DNA stability, focusing on human population studies. It will consider the<br />
type of exercise conducted (field or laboratory based) and the intensity performed (i.e.<br />
competitive ultra/endurance exercise or maximal tests until exhaustion). The findings<br />
suggest that competitive ultra-endurance exercise (>4 h) does not induce persistent DNA<br />
damage. However, when considering the effects of endurance exercise (
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