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In the eighth chapter of the Jnatasutra and in Avashyak Niryukti these twenty practices are mentioned. Intense practice of
even one or two of these practices may lead to the earning of Tirthankar-nam-karma. In the Mahapurana and the Tattvarth
Sutra there is a mention of sixteen practices of feelings or attitudes. These encompass all the above twenty practices.
Importance has been given to spiritual practices in both these sets of practices.
APPENDIX 3
THE UNIQUE ATTRIBUTES OF A TIRTHANKAR
(A) THE THIRTY FOUR UNIQUE
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ATTRIBUTES
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OF A TIRTHANKAR
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The Tirthankars are worshipped as the loftiest beings in this world because they acquire infinite knowledge, perception, and
purity of conduct and power by destroying the four vitiating Karmas as spiritual level. This gives rise to unique attributes in
them, both at spiritual and physical levels. In canonical terms those are known as Atishaya or out of ordinary. They are-
1. There is no growth of hair on the body.
2. The body remains free of any ailment.
3. The blood and flesh are milky white.
4. The breath is fragrant like lotus.
5. Food intake and excretion are invisible.
6. Above the head there are three canopies (umbrellas) in the sky.
7. A wheel, symbolic of religion, moved ahead and behind him in the sky.
8. At both flanks there are white whisks in the sky.
9. The throne is made of crystal quartz.
10. The flag of Indra moves ahead of him.
11. Wherever he stays there is an Ashok tree.
12. There is a divine aura around him.
13. The land around him is pleasant.
14. Thorns get reversed.
15. The seasons are pleasant and favorable.
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16. Pleasant wind blows.
17. Dust is settled due to moisture.
18. There are heaps of five types of lifeless flowers around him.
19. There is absence of unpleasant sound, form, smell, color and touch around him and pleasant things appear.
20-21. His voice is heard with same volume and clarity upto a distance of one Yojan.
22. His discourse is in Ardha-Magadhi language.
23. All present in the audience understand his discourse in their respective languages.
24. In his proximity the natural enemies forget their animosity.
25. His opponents become amiable.
26. His dissenters become speechless.
27-28. Twenty-five Yojans around him there is no epidemic or death.
29-33. Wherever he goes there are no afflictions self-inflicted or inflicted by others including flood, drought, diseases, etc.
34. The touch of his feet pacifies all the earlier disturbances of the area.
(B) THIRTY FIVE UNIQUE ATTRIBUTES OF SPEECH
After gaining omniscience the Tirthankars give discourses aimed at public welfare. They utter only that which they have
directly experienced, thus in their speech there is nothing but the truth. Their life is free of all 18 vices. Their speech also has
unique qualities. The scriptures mention 35 unique attributes.
Amar Muni - Tirthankar Charitra - Surana # 50
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