Dissertation_Paula Aleksandrowicz_12 ... - Jacobs University
Dissertation_Paula Aleksandrowicz_12 ... - Jacobs University Dissertation_Paula Aleksandrowicz_12 ... - Jacobs University
Table 4: Average age of take-up of pensions in Western Germany, 1970-2006 Year old-age pension disability pension Total Men Women Total Men Women 1970 64.3 65.2 63.3 58.3 57.7 59 1975 63.6 64.1 63.0 57.8 56.3 59.2 1980 62.2 62.5 61.9 56.1 54.4 57.7 1985 62.8 62.7 62.9 53.9 53.7 54.3 1990 63.2 62.8 63.5 53.4 53.8 52.6 1993 63.3 62.9 63.7 53.4 53.9 52.2 1995 63.0 62.6 63.3 52.8 53.4 51.5 2000 62.6 62.4 62.8 51.8 52.6 50.5 2005 63.4 63.3 63.5 50 50.6 49.3 2006 63.4 63.4 63.4 50.1 50.7 49.3 Source: DRV 2007 (99-100). The factual retirement age within statutory old-age pension scheme pension scheme in Germany is 63.3 years for men and 63.2 years for women. The phenomenon of higher average retirement ages of women compared to that of men (between 1984 and 2005) is a rare one among OECD countries and related to the long career breaks of women after childbirth due to which they do not reached the longer insurance period required by the oldage pension for women (OECD 2005a: 74). Between 2002 and 2003, the percentage of persons taking up a pension at the age of 65 has risen and has remained constant afterwards, while less and less 60- and 61-year-olds are claiming a pension (including disability pensions; Brussig/Wojtkowski 2006: 11). That development can be ascribed partly to demographic developments (larger amount of baby-boomers in older age cohorts till 2001), but a clear effect of pension deductions is also visible (ibid: 1, 14; Büttner/Knuth 2004:10). Evasive movements between different kinds of pensions become apparent in Figures 4 and 5. 57
Figure 4: Inflows of men into the pension system, Western Germany Source: DRV (http://forschung.deutsche-rentenversicherung.de). Figure 4 starts with the moment when the newly introduced seniority pension (´flexible retirement age´) started attracting new pensioners due to worsened labour market situation. The disability pension, the most significant way of exit in the 1970s, has by and by lost in importance. The increased take-up of the old-age pension after unemployment can be explained solely with economic developments, and there had been no rule changes till 1992. After 2000, the relative inflow rates into the old-age pension after unemployment and into the disability pension claimed at the age of 50+ of West German men started decreasing. Thus, no evasive strategies into disability pensions could be observed (Hoffmann 2007: 206) but, on the contrary, the disincentives installed in the pension reform of 2001 started to show effects (Brussig/Wojtkowski 2006: 6) and the old-age pension re-gained quantitative importance. However, since 2004, the old-age pension after unemployment and the hazard rates for 60-year-olds are again on the rise, possibly as an evasive reaction due to the stricter rules for the receipt of AL-Geld II (Brussig/Wojtkowski 2006: 14; Büttner et al. 2005: 9). 58
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Figure 4: Inflows of men into the pension system, Western Germany<br />
Source: DRV (http://forschung.deutsche-rentenversicherung.de).<br />
Figure 4 starts with the moment when the newly introduced seniority pension (´flexible<br />
retirement age´) started attracting new pensioners due to worsened labour market situation.<br />
The disability pension, the most significant way of exit in the 1970s, has by and by lost in<br />
importance. The increased take-up of the old-age pension after unemployment can be<br />
explained solely with economic developments, and there had been no rule changes till 1992.<br />
After 2000, the relative inflow rates into the old-age pension after unemployment and into<br />
the disability pension claimed at the age of 50+ of West German men started decreasing.<br />
Thus, no evasive strategies into disability pensions could be observed (Hoffmann 2007:<br />
206) but, on the contrary, the disincentives installed in the pension reform of 2001 started to<br />
show effects (Brussig/Wojtkowski 2006: 6) and the old-age pension re-gained quantitative<br />
importance. However, since 2004, the old-age pension after unemployment and the hazard<br />
rates for 60-year-olds are again on the rise, possibly as an evasive reaction due to the stricter<br />
rules for the receipt of AL-Geld II (Brussig/Wojtkowski 2006: 14; Büttner et al. 2005: 9).<br />
58
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