Development of a Novel Mass Spectrometric ... - Jacobs University

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Introduction measurements. Next data interpretation skills are performed to visualise the acquired data in its most informative form (Figure 1-4). Figure 1-4 Complex data management Table 1.1 Reference studies targeting various hydrocarbons Methodology Tested Hydrocarbons Product Ions Drawback Ref. DESI-Iontrap-MS Alkanes (C 15 to C 30 ) Petroleum distillate [M+2O+BA] + Extensive dehydrogenation species observed 57 MALDI-RTOF-260 High mass n-alkanes Polyethylene [Co(Cp) 2 (alkane-2H 2 )] + Organometallic matrix interactions 60 FD-MS Saturated and aromatic HCs Polywax [M-2H] + Low ionisation efficiency of product ion 61 FD-MS Large branched hydrocarbons Low abundance M •+ Extensive fragmentation 64 LC/FI-MS Paraffins-Napthenes- Isoparaffins M •+ Fragment ions for isoparaffins 63 n-paraffins GC-FI-TOF-MS VGO distillate(S heterocycles) M •+ Selective 62 APPI-FT ICR-MS Naphtho[2,3-a]pyrene Crude oil [M+H] + , [M-H] ‾ , M •+ Complication of mass spectra 30 19
Introduction APLI-FT ICR-MS Crude oil M •+ Specific and sensitive for aromatic hydrocarbons 74 APLI-FT ICR-MS Non-polar aromatic in heavy crude oil samples M •+ Selective for aromatic components 75 LC/APCI-MS PAH [M+H] + , M •+ Poor signal intensity of PAH< 300 u 6 APCI-MS with 63 Ni ionisation n-alkanes [M+H] + , [M-3H] + , [(M-3H)H 2 O] + Low mass alkanes 78 EI-FT ICR-MS n-alkanes (up to C 30 ) [CpCo+alkane-2H 2 ] •+ ~80% Formation of other product ions, Limit C 30 87 LIAD/FT ICR-MS Saturated, unsaturated Hydrocarbons Petroleum distillate [M+CpCo-2H 2 ] •+ (Adduct), (Adduct-H 2 ) or (Adduct-2H 2 -CH 3 ) may form 28,93, 94 polyethylene LIAD/ClMn(H 2 O) + / FT- ICR MS Various hydrocarbons [(ClMn+M)-H 2 O] + Adduct interaction may result with complex mixture 88,95 Base oil fractions LIAD/APCI/LQIT Model hydrocarbons M •+ , [M+H] + generation and minor No control of ion fragmentation APCI/CS 2 /LQIT Model hydrocarbons M •+ Significant failure with saturated analytes 97 43 1.3.8 Ionisation via APCI Since a significant portion of the studies employed for hydrocarbon analyses has used APCI as an ionisation technique, I would like to give an insight about this ionisation technique. APCI is an ionisation method used in mass spectrometry. It is 20
Page 1 and 2: Development of a Novel Mass Spectro
Page 3 and 4: Declaration of Authorship I ,Nadim
Page 5 and 6: This work has been carried out unde
Page 7 and 8: Contents Contents Declaration of Au
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures List of Figures Fig
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures Figure 3-39 MS 2 fr
Page 13 and 14: List of Tables List of Tables Table
Page 15 and 16: Abbreviations Abbreviations APCI AP
Page 17 and 18: Abbreviations UV VGOs VOCs VRs ultr
Page 19 and 20: Introduction Analytical chemistry h
Page 21 and 22: Introduction 1.2 Presence and Fate
Page 23 and 24: Introduction aliphatic hydrocarbons
Page 25 and 26: Introduction Figure 1-1 Examples of
Page 27 and 28: Introduction Figure 1-2 Range of io
Page 29 and 30: Introduction fractions. 42 Another
Page 31 and 32: Introduction 1.3.5 APLI Other crude
Page 33 and 34: Introduction products). Other molec
Page 35: Introduction Other studies performe
Page 39 and 40: Introduction spectrometry in as muc
Page 41 and 42: Introduction catalytic processing t
Page 43 and 44: Introduction Figure 1-6 Kendrick ma
Page 45 and 46: Introduction including determinatio
Page 47 and 48: Introduction 1.5 Scope and Signific
Page 49 and 50: Experimental e) Other model mixture
Page 51 and 52: Experimental 2.2.2 Preparation of O
Page 53 and 54: Experimental 2.4 Graphical Presenta
Page 55 and 56: Results and Discussion experiment.
Page 57 and 58: Results and Discussion Intens. [%]
Page 59 and 60: Results and Discussion common featu
Page 61 and 62: Results and Discussion 3.2 APCI-TOF
Page 63 and 64: Results and Discussion These compou
Page 67 and 68: Results and Discussion Ions were pr
Page 71 and 72: Results and Discussion procedure ba
Page 75 and 76: Results and Discussion to produce m
Page 77 and 78: Results and Discussion 519.5863 519
Page 79 and 80: Results and Discussion Higher mass
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Results and Discussion isolated fro
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Results and Discussion Intens. [%]
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Page 93 and 94:
Results and Discussion 3.4.5 Tandem
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Page 97 and 98:
Results and Discussion injected int
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Page 101 and 102:
Results and Discussion 3.4.8 Quanti
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Results and Discussion Int. x 10000
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Results and Discussion Table 3.6 Qu
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Results and Discussion assessment o
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Results and Discussion hydrocarbons
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Page 117 and 118:
Results and Discussion of n-alkanes
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Results and Discussion flow (in I2)
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Results and Discussion Other intere
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Results and Discussion Figure 3-80
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Results and Discussion KMD 2.4 2.2
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Results and Discussion KMD 1.1 1 Le
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Results and Discussion 3.6.4 Asphal
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Conclusions In conclusion we could
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References References 1. Fay, R. M.
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References 23. Colavecchia, M. V.,
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References 47. Dzidic, I., Petersen
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References Hydroconversion Processe
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References 91. Golovlev, V. V., All
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Appendix Light shredder waste Meas.
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419.4592 C 30 H 59 419.4611 4.6 421
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Liqui Moly car motor oil Meas. m/z
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345.3511 C 25 H 45 345.3516 1.5 349
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