Development of a Novel Mass Spectrometric ... - Jacobs University

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Results and Discussion Int. 70 60 50 x 10000 C40 40 30 20 y = 14165x + 4479.9 R² = 0.9961 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 ppm Figure 3-59 A plot between Concentration vs Intensity for C40 Using these linearity graphs, a quantitative figure of few n-alkanes was deduced. Table 3.6 presents the quantities of C20, C23, C32, C36 and C40 present in a 1 ml waste extract. Next a standard addition experiment was conducted for C36. The addition of a known quantity of C36 into the native quantity of C36 within the the same 1 ml of waste sample was monitored. The addition of 40 µl of a 1 mg/ml prepared standard of C36, that individually provoked 3 µg/ml, to the same 1 ml solution of the waste extract produced a total of 17 µg/ml. According to table 3.6, the latter value was found cumulative for native and spiked quantities of C36. This demonstrated success of not just quantitating a native amount of a single n-alkane (C36) but as well reflecting a promising response that C36 exhibited when a little quantity was added. This is an advantage for monitoring the quantities of certain n- alkane analytes within the waste sample subjected to biological degradation or other weathering conditions. Addition experiments were tested for C40 where similar results were attained. However it is important to mention that the addition method wasn’t applicable when low n-alkane’s quantities were spiked to the waste matrix. This can be attributed to the limit of detection of these n-alkanes under APCI-TOF-MS method. As well few n-alkanes were seen not to respond efficiently with such addition experiments upon the applied methodology. 87
Results and Discussion Table 3.6 Quantities of few selected n-alkanes in waste samples APCI-TOF-MS Alkane Extract Spiked C36 Extract + C36 (µg/ml) (µg/ml) (µg/ml) C20 34 – – C23 45 – – C32 28 – – C36 14 3 17 C40 10 – – 3.5 Application of the Methodology to Other Complex Mixtures 3.5.1 Analysis of Solid Waste from Lebanon With more than 4200 tons of solid waste produced daily out of household, industrial and medical sources, Lebanon suffers from uncontrolled garbage mountains randomly distributed all over its area. The accumulation of such heterogeneous waste is considered one of the chronic environmental problems in this country. Daily waste deposition contains 60% organic material, 15%, cartoon, 5% plastic and others. Unfortunately only 10% of the waste is recycled daily, the rest is sent to readily over-load random dumps or landfills known as well as “Garbage Mountains”. Unfortunately there is a continuous leakage of liquids rich in heavy metals and toxic chemicals towards the sea. Even parts of the accumulated waste fall directly to the sea as in famous ‘Saida Garbage Mountain’ (30 km from Capital). ‘Ras El-Ein Garbage Dump’ (80 km from Capital), permanently closed recently, is still an unclear threaten for the groundwater source just few meters away from the dump. On the other side accumulation of these massive waste mixtures subjected to weathering conditions, periodic incineration activities and bacterial degradation arouse an alarming pollution affecting the health of the surrounding people and the environment. Unfortunately, to the best of 88
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Development of a Novel Mass Spectro
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Declaration of Authorship I ,Nadim
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This work has been carried out unde
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Contents Contents Declaration of Au
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List of Figures List of Figures Fig
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List of Figures Figure 3-39 MS 2 fr
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List of Tables List of Tables Table
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Abbreviations Abbreviations APCI AP
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Abbreviations UV VGOs VOCs VRs ultr
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Introduction Analytical chemistry h
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Introduction 1.2 Presence and Fate
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Introduction aliphatic hydrocarbons
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Introduction Figure 1-1 Examples of
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Introduction Figure 1-2 Range of io
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Introduction fractions. 42 Another
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Introduction 1.3.5 APLI Other crude
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Introduction products). Other molec
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Introduction Other studies performe
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Introduction APLI-FT ICR-MS Crude o
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Introduction spectrometry in as muc
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Introduction catalytic processing t
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Introduction Figure 1-6 Kendrick ma
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Introduction including determinatio
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Introduction 1.5 Scope and Signific
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Experimental e) Other model mixture
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Experimental 2.2.2 Preparation of O
Page 53 and 54: Experimental 2.4 Graphical Presenta
Page 55 and 56: Results and Discussion experiment.
Page 57 and 58: Results and Discussion Intens. [%]
Page 59 and 60: Results and Discussion common featu
Page 61 and 62: Results and Discussion 3.2 APCI-TOF
Page 63 and 64: Results and Discussion These compou
Page 67 and 68: Results and Discussion Ions were pr
Page 71 and 72: Results and Discussion procedure ba
Page 75 and 76: Results and Discussion to produce m
Page 77 and 78: Results and Discussion 519.5863 519
Page 79 and 80: Results and Discussion Higher mass
Page 87 and 88: Results and Discussion isolated fro
Page 93 and 94: Results and Discussion 3.4.5 Tandem
Page 97 and 98: Results and Discussion injected int
Page 101 and 102: Results and Discussion 3.4.8 Quanti
Page 103: Results and Discussion Int. x 10000
Page 107 and 108: Results and Discussion assessment o
Page 109 and 110: Results and Discussion hydrocarbons
Page 117 and 118: Results and Discussion of n-alkanes
Page 119 and 120: Results and Discussion flow (in I2)
Page 121 and 122: Results and Discussion Other intere
Page 123 and 124: Results and Discussion Figure 3-80
Page 125 and 126: Results and Discussion KMD 2.4 2.2
Page 127 and 128: Results and Discussion KMD 1.1 1 Le
Page 129 and 130: Results and Discussion 3.6.4 Asphal
Page 131 and 132: Conclusions In conclusion we could
Page 133 and 134: References References 1. Fay, R. M.
Page 135 and 136: References 23. Colavecchia, M. V.,
Page 137 and 138: References 47. Dzidic, I., Petersen
Page 139 and 140: References Hydroconversion Processe
Page 141 and 142: References 91. Golovlev, V. V., All
Page 143 and 144: Appendix Light shredder waste Meas.
Page 145 and 146: 419.4592 C 30 H 59 419.4611 4.6 421
Page 147 and 148: Liqui Moly car motor oil Meas. m/z
Page 149 and 150: 345.3511 C 25 H 45 345.3516 1.5 349
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