Kyne & Simpfendorfer.. - Shark Specialist Group

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example of this is the dwarf spookfish Rhinochimaera sp. A [Didier], a new species of longnose chimaera captured off Japan, under investigation by Dr Dominique Didier-Dagit. Where a ? follows a generic name, the placement of this species in that particular genera is questionable and thus tentative. Further research may result in placement in another genus, evaluation of a subgenera to generic level or designation of an altogether new genus. Where a ? follows a specific name, the validity of this species is questionable or the use of that specific name may be invalid. Subgeneric names have been provided for several skates within the families Arhynchobatidae and Rajidae and these may be elevated to generic level where further taxonomic research dictates. An example of this is the proposed elevation of Zearaja from a subgenera within Dipturus (Last and Gledhill 2006), represented here by the yellownose skate Dipturus (Zearaja) chilensis and the rough skate Dipturus (Zearaja) nasutus. Distribution and habitat Each species entry incorporates a summary of its known distribution, a list of FAO Fisheries Areas in which it occurs, habitat zones, bathymetric distribution (depth range) and where relevant, taxonomic notes including recent or commonly used synonyms. Distribution, habitat and depth information was collated from Compagno and Duffy (2003), global and regional field guides, specifically Last and Stevens (1994), Carpenter and Niem (1998, 1999), Carpenter (2002), Ebert (2003), Compagno et al. (2005) and White et al. (2006), as well as the primary literature, grey literature sources and consultation with experts. FAO Fisheries Areas (the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization's Major Fishing Areas for Statistical Purposes) are outlined below: 18 Arctic Sea 21 Northwest Atlantic 27 Northeast Atlantic 31 Western Central Atlantic 34 Eastern Central Atlantic 37 Mediterranean and Black Sea 41 Southwest Atlantic 47 Southeast Atlantic 48 Antarctic Atlantic 51 Western Indian Ocean 57 Eastern Indian Ocean 58 Antarctic Indian Ocean 61 Northwest Pacific 67 Northeast Pacific 71 Western Central Pacific 77 Eastern Central Pacific 81 Southwest Pacific 87 Southeast Pacific 88 Antarctic Pacific Maps of these can be located at ftp://ftp.fao.org/fi/maps/Default.htm#CURRENT. 16
Habitat zones broadly follow Compagno et al. (2005). Benthic habitat zones are defined as follows: Shelf: continental and insular shelves, 0 to 200m depth. Outer shelf defined as >90m. Slope: continental and insular slopes, 200 to ~2250m depth, divided into upper slope (200– 750m), mid slope (750–1500m) and deep slope (1500–2250m). Abyssal plains: deep oceanic plains at ~2000–2250 to 6000m depth. Hadal: benthic zone of deepsea trenches at 6000 to 11000m depth. Where available, more specific habitat information may be provided, including occurrences on submarine ridges and rises, troughs, plateaus, seamounts, and deepsea reefs and shoals. Pelagic habitat zones are defined as follows: Epipelagic: 0 to 200m. Mesopelagic: 200 to 1000m. Bathypelagic: 1000 to 4000m. Hadopelagic: 6000 to 11000m. No chondrichthyans have ever been observed or recorded in the hadal or hadopelagic zones (Compagno et al. 2005, Priede et al. 2006). Priede et al. (2006) hypothesised that the highenergy demands of chondrichthyans exclude them from the deepest habitat zones. 17
Page 1 and 2: A COLLATION AND SUMMARIZATION OF AV
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary
Page 5 and 6: Reproductive output in deepwater ch
Page 7 and 8: GENERAL INTRODUCTION THE CLASS CHON
Page 9 and 10: Leucoraja circularis, blonde skate
Page 11 and 12: SECTION I. BIODIVERSITY AND AN ANNO
Page 13 and 14: Table 1.1. The diversity of deepwat
Page 15: ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF EXTANT DEEPW
Page 19 and 20: Chimaera lignaria Didier, 2002. Gia
Page 21 and 22: Hydrolagus trolli Didier & Séret,
Page 23 and 24: Squalus melanurus Fourmanoir, 1979.
Page 25 and 26: Deania hystricosum (Garman, 1906).
Page 27 and 28: Etmopterus molleri (Whitley, 1939).
Page 29 and 30: Scymnodalatias sherwoodi (Archey, 1
Page 31 and 32: Squatina formosa Shen & Ting, 1972.
Page 33 and 34: Torpedo nobiliana Bonaparte, 1835.
Page 35 and 36: Bathyraja matsubarai (Ishiyama, 195
Page 37 and 38: Brochiraja spinifera (Garrick & Pau
Page 39 and 40: Amblyraja hyperborea (Collette, 187
Page 41 and 42: Dipturus mennii Gomes & Paragó, 20
Page 43 and 44: Fenestraja cubensis (Bigelow & Schr
Page 45 and 46: Okamejei sp. N [Last & Stevens, 199
Page 47 and 48: Family Anacanthobatidae. Legskates.
Page 49 and 50: Family Dasyatidae. Whiptail Stingra
Page 51 and 52: Apristurus kampae Taylor, 1972. Lon
Page 53 and 54: Apristurus sp. [Séret]. Western Ce
Page 55 and 56: Western Central Atlantic: Straits o
Page 57 and 58: Pentanchus profundicolus Smith & Ra
Page 59 and 60: Mustelus canis insularis (Mitchell,
Page 61: Musick, J.A., Harbin, M.M. and Comp
Page 64 and 65: efore relying on ovulated ova) and
Page 66 and 67:
FAMILY LIFE HISTORY ACCOUNTS PART 1
Page 68 and 69:
Family Squalidae. Dogfish Sharks. T
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often related to maternal size, lar
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Table 2.3. Reproductive biology of
Page 74 and 75:
16 embryos (Table 2.5). Irvine (200
Page 76 and 77:
Table 2.6. Age and growth of etmopt
Page 78 and 79:
Table 2.7. Reproductive biology of
Page 80 and 81:
Gonzalez 2006). Daley et al. (2002)
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and in the case of the crocodile sh
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Balart et al. (2000) is 295mm TL fo
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Table 2.11 (continued). Species Loc
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PART 2. BATOIDS Order Rajiformes. B
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years for females of all species ag
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Ebert and Davis 2007). These are th
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Table 2.15. Age and growth of rajid
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PART 3. HOLOCEPHALANS Order Chimaer
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SEGREGATION, MOVEMENT AND MIGRATION
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PRODUCTIVITY OF DEEPWATER CHONDRICH
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e slow to recover from overfishing.
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0.16 0.14 Intrinsic rebound potenti
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Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder, W.C. 1
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Conrath, C.L., Gelsleichter, J. and
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Squaliformes) in the southwestern e
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Hoenig, J.M. 1983. Empirical use of
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Lucifora, L.O., Valero, J.L. and Ga
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Parsons, G.R., Ingram, G.W. Jr. and
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Sulikowski, J.A., Elzey, S., Kneebo
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K. (eds.). Indo-Pacific Fish Biolog
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deepwater species categories for ea
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Table 3.1. FAO FIGIS database categ
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CASE STUDY 1. AUSTRALIAN SOUTHERN A
Page 128 and 129:
Table 3.2. Mid-slope deepwater shar
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CASE STUDY 2. NORTHEAST ATLANTIC DE
Page 132 and 133:
CASE STUDY 3. AZORES KITEFIN SHARK
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CASE STUDY 4. MALDIVES GULPER SHARK
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SECTION III LITERATURE Adam, M.S.,
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