Workshop on the Establishment of a Geological Model of ...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 4 PARTICIPANTS 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 PART I Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 THE INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY’S EFFORTS IN RESOURCE ASSESSMENT OF THE METALS OF COMMERCIAL INTEREST IN POLYMETALLIC NODULE DEPOSITS IN THE AREA Purposes of the Model and the International Seabed Authority’s requirements in relation to model development Nii Allotey Odunton, Deputy to the Secretary‐General and Chief, Office of Resources and Environmental Monitoring, International Seabed Authority, Kingston, Jamaica International Seabed Authority’s resource assessment of the metals found in polymetallic nodule deposits in the Area Kaiser de Souza, Scientific Affairs Officer (Marine Geology), International Seabed Authority, Kingston, Jamaica Geostatistical analysis and evaluation of the metals contained in polymetallic nodules in reserved areas Dr. Robert de L'Etoile, Vice‐président, Geostat Systems International, Laval, Québec, Canada Requirements for data submission on polymetallic nodule deposits to the Authority Baidy Diène, Special Adviser to the Minister of Mines, Energy & Water Resources, Dakar, Senegal Proposed model data inputs Dr. Charles Morgan, Environmental Planner, Planning Solutions, Inc.; Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America Integration of geophysical/geological data for reserved areas in the Clarion‐Clipperton Fracture Zone: new perspectives from current compilation techniques Dr. Lindsay Parson, Project Leader, Southampton, Oceanography Centre (SOC), Southampton, United Kingdom 25 28 42 70 80 96 1 | P age
PART II Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 CONSIDERATION OF PROXY DATA CANDIDATES Geology of the Clarion‐Clipperton Fracture Zone: existing geological information in respect of polymetallic nodules in the Clarion‐Clipperton Zone Dr. Yuri Kazmin, Consultant, Russian Ministry of Natural Resources and Interoceanmetal Joint Organization, Szczecin, Poland Relationships between Nodule Grade and Abundance, and Tectonics and Volcanic Activity in the Clarion‐Clipperton Zone Dr. Yuri Kazmin, Consultant, Russian Ministry of Natural Resources and Interoceanmetal Joint Organization, Szczecin, Poland Relevant Geological Processes in the Formation of Clarion‐Clipperton Zone Nodule Deposits Professor David Cronan, Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom Scientific Challenges Related To the Development of a Geological Model for the Manganese Nodule Occurrences in the Clarion‐Clipperton Zone (Equatorial North Pacific Ocean) Helmut Beiersdorf, Director and Professor (retired), Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Goerdelerstrasse 11, Germany Relationships between manganese nodules and their sedimentation and geological environment: predictive applications for resource assessments Michel Hoffert, Professeur, Université Louis Pasteur, Institut de Géologie, Strasbourg, France Relationships between nodule genesis and topography in the eastern Area of the Clarion‐Clipperton region Dr. Ryszard Kotliński, Director‐General, Professor, Interoceanmetal Joint Organization (IOM), Szczecin, Poland Regional and local trends in the formation of polymetallic nodule deposits in the Clarion‐Clipperton Zone Dr. Valeri Yubko, Deputy‐Director, Okeanglofizika Research Institute, Yuhzmorgeologiya, Russian Federation Characteristics of the distribution and control factors of polymetallic nodules in the west Area of the Clarion‐Clipperton Fracture Zone (China Pioneer Area) Professor Wenzheng Lu, Second Institute of Oceanography (SIO), State Oceanic Administration (SAO), Hang Zhou, People’s Republic of China. Biological factors related to nodule formation Dr. Philomene Verlaan, Researcher, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom 106 145 161 175 201 203 222 233 241 2 | P age
Page 1 and 2: Establishment of a Geological Model
Page 3: The designations employed and the p
Page 7 and 8: FOREWORD Welcoming remarks and addr
Page 9 and 10: Introductory remarks by His Excelle
Page 11 and 12: PARTICIPANTS Mrs. Naomi Atauea, Min
Page 13 and 14: South Pacific Applied Geoscience Co
Page 15 and 16: waters, where biological activity i
Page 17 and 18: At the Workshop, R
Page 19 and 20: the results of resource assessment
Page 21 and 22: deposits in the CCZ, illustrating t
Page 23 and 24: soft and hard. This transparent lay
Page 25 and 26: athed by cold water, around 4 degre
Page 27 and 28: export productivity - the part of t
Page 29 and 30: activity in the CCZ, seabed topogra
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 2 THE INTERNATIONAL SEABED
Page 33 and 34: eserved area and for their individu
Page 35 and 36: station, that is, nickel, copper, c
Page 37 and 38: Figure 9 illustrates the different
Page 39 and 40: Pioneer investors also provided bat
Page 41 and 42: order to identify possible discrepa
Page 43 and 44: Utilizing these statistics, Mr. de
Page 45 and 46: CHAPTER 3 A RESOURCE MODEL FOR DEEP
Page 47 and 48: The reserved areas are delimited by
Page 49 and 50: Figure 5: Bathymetric map of Blocks
Page 51 and 52: Considering the available data sets
Page 53 and 54: 3,200 million tonnes of nodules (av
Page 55 and 56:
Table 1 Global resource model resul
Page 57 and 58:
22 23 Figure 18: Resource model sho
Page 59 and 60:
unlikely that major decisions will
Page 61 and 62:
geological model (Figure 19) to be,
Page 63 and 64:
Recalling Mr. de Souza’s presenta
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The Resource Model • Array of cel
Page 67 and 68:
Copper grade Figure 33 Cobalt grade
Page 69 and 70:
He further said that, in land‐bas
Page 71 and 72:
lock Block 16 Block 17 Block 18 Blo
Page 73 and 74:
CHAPTER 4 REQUIREMENTS FOR DATA SUB
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Data requirements The Authority rec
Page 77 and 78:
Quality of data to be submitted to
Page 79 and 80:
SUMMARY OF PRESENTATION Mr. Diène
Page 81 and 82:
• The programme of work and any c
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CHAPTER 5 GEOLOGICAL MODEL INPUTS D
Page 85 and 86:
Total sediment thickness. Growth of
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water chlorophyll concentrations as
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een used for other spatial estimati
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prospectors, who can then provide i
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Figure 16: Benthic currents from th
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twenty million years was the limit
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comparing the raw data with the co
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CHAPTER 6 INTEGRATION OF GEOPHYSICA
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Figure 1 presents a summary chart o
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Figure 2: This perspective view is
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• (Strategy to access) Parameters
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Dr. Parson suggested that since the
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CHAPTER 7 GEOLOGY OF THE CLARION‐
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eserved areas. With regard to singl
Page 113 and 114:
asis of geological and oceanographi
Page 115 and 116:
America: the Ocean Minerals Company
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information necessary for the devel
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Ocean floor morphology The CCZ is a
Page 121 and 122:
According to the Geostat analysis (
Page 123 and 124:
Figure 12: Comparison of the reserv
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This map is the first to emphasize
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From the earlier stages of sediment
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However, Dr. Morgan’s sketch does
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Figure 25: Manganese and Copper As
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Figure 29 represents a sketch map o
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Copper The copper content of the no
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Moreover, as mentioned above, there
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As indicated by Figure 42, there is
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The following preliminary conclusio
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Halbach, P., Ozkara, M. and Rehm, E
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Yubko ,V.M. and Lygina, T.I., 2002,
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He said that within the CCZ, there
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concentrations and high‐grade nod
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It is obvious that major relief for
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Figure 7: Local relief in the abbys
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The results of nodule research in t
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Metal content and tectonics Mangane
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Cobalt An analysis of the cobalt gr
Page 161 and 162:
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENTATION Dr. Kaz
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Dr. Kazmin said that although he co
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deposits first and then attempt to
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The Phoenix Island exclusive econom
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maximum in the south. Thus, in keep
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layers. Nevertheless, enough organi
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Banerjee, R., Roy, S., Dasgupta, S.
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Professor Cronan said that the larg
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declining values as one went toward
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. Figure 1: Location of survey area
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Figure 3: Schematic core diagram fo
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are indicated by I, II, and III. Th
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The earliest nodule growth around n
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Figure 11: Size distributions of ma
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The particle flux in each zone is a
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In area SO‐25‐1 the age of the
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used as marker reflectors for the d
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If one assumes that the total area
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needs to correlate those functions.
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These experts should be invited by
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of the paper for his presentation.
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According to Professor Beiersdorf,
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Professor Hoffert said that a compa
Page 207 and 208:
Figure 1: Location of sectors of Co
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Sediments In the eastern area, thre
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Fe > Mg > Mn to form a series of 5.
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Distribution of the genetic types o
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A gradual increase in contribution
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increases (from 10.3 to 46.8 per ce
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are found. The general north‐sout
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that IOM had been granted pioneer i
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Kotliński, the hydrogenetic, small
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CHAPTER 13 REGIONAL AND LOCAL TREND
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The types of regional zoning made a
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Figure 8b: Scheme of ore accumulati
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other from the north to the south a
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Figure 15: Geomorphological scheme
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Figure 20: Buried downcuttings, str
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topographic feature in the south, w
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测站数 180 160 140 120 100 80
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(a) Large amounts of basic volcanic
Page 243 and 244:
Professor Lu identified the main co
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suggest that the organic matter con
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Prospecting criteria Prospecting cr
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According to Dr. Verlaan, the start
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The final element discussed by Dr.
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EXAMPLES OF LOW RATES - - infaunal
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- Very high local species diversity
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Extrapolation yields an estimated 1
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Apparent ranges of polychaete speci
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In addition to studying the three f
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‐ Distribution and diversity of m
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Because deep‐sea benthos are food
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Megafauna, NW Atlantic slope: (a) X
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“Macrofauna” = animals retained
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Characteristics of Deep Seafloor -
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disturbance, from being inundated b
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ought back in samples from the Paci
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Dr. Smith said there were additiona
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CHAPTER 17 POLYMETALLIC NODULES RES
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Bathymetric and nodule distribution
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Resources A resource evaluation was
Page 285 and 286:
He showed the generalized bathymetr
Page 287 and 288:
Dr. Kodagali said that, for the net
Page 289 and 290:
CHAPTER 18 THE CHINA OCEAN MINERAL
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Deposit: Ore: distribution and cove
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Ni‐equivalent abundance The Ni‐
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Result Based on the data and inform
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Table 1: Tonnage and tonnage per un
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Table 6 Resource amount in blocks o
Page 301 and 302:
Compared with other areas in the CC
Page 303 and 304:
CHAPTER 19 POLYMETALLIC NODULE RESO
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3. The Manihiki Plateau, in the nor
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environments and their impact on oc
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Figure 6: Submarine geomorphologic
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The Cook Islands nodules and those
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Table 1 Comparison of the Cook Isla
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structure and large spiral loops Hi
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Glasby, G.P. et.al., 1986, “Geolo
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the major topographic feature of th
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In conclusion, Dr. Clark stressed t
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The group viewed the carbonate comp
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interpretation and analysis of the
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the geological model. In particular
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In terms of nodule data, let me jus
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very intense, and the waters are ne
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• Complete documentation of metho
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young oceanic plate, with the crust
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Volcanic Activity The general struc
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Data Sources Data sources to be inc
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‐ Transparent‐layer materials a
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• Universities and Institutions
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‐ An evaluation of palaeo to rece
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• Distance of seafloor from CCD
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• Collaborate on a regular basis
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Improved resource assessment The im
Page 353 and 354:
With regard to the programme of wor
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group thinking about how it wanted
Page 357 and 358:
perhaps elsewhere; it could also pr
Page 359 and 360:
processes with geological and benth
Page 361 and 362:
Alf Simpson Director SOPAC Secretar
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