Workshop on the Establishment of a Geological Model of ...

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Republic, the Russian Federation, the Slovak Republic and the Republic of Poland. The Government of India’s application area is in the Central Indian Ocean basin (Department of Ocean Development). 150 ° 140 ° 130 ° 120 ° 20 ° 20 ° HAWAII 10 ° 10 ° 0 ° 0 ° 150 ° 140 ° 130 ° 120 ° APPLICATION AREAS FOR PIONEER INVESTORS STATUS IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN COMRA (China) YUZHMORGEOLOGIA (Russian Fed.) DORD (Japan) Government of Korea IFREMER/AFERNOD (France) INTEROCEANMETAL (Bulgaria, Cuba, Czech Rep., Russian Fed., Slovak Rep., Poland) Figure 2 Figure 3 shows the areas reserved for the conduct of activities by the International Seabed Authority in the Pacific Ocean resulting from registration 150 ° 140 ° 130 ° 120 ° 20 ° 20 ° HAWAII 10 ° 10 ° 0 ° 0 ° 150 ° 140 ° 130 ° 120 ° AREAS RESERVED FOR CONDUCT OF ACTIVITIES BY THE INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN From COMRA (China) From DORD (Japan) From IFREMER/AFERNOD (France) From YUZHMORGEOLOGIA (Russian Fed.) From Government of Korea From INTEROCEANMETAL (Bulgaria, Cuba, Czech Rep., Russian Fed., Slovak Rep., Poland) Figure 3 Each of the six pioneer investors in the Pacific Ocean provided the Authority with half of their application areas as reserved areas. It was in respect of these areas that the resource assessment was conducted. It is important to mention that the pioneer investors provided data and information for each 29 | P age
eserved area and for their individual pioneer areas. In order to proceed with the resource assessment, the reserved areas were divided into twelve sectors, each one containing one to four blocks. Figure 4 shows the blocks in the Clarion‐Clipperton Zone; these were further divided into three different regions, Western, Central and Eastern. 150 ° 140 ° 130 ° 120 ° 20 ° 10 ° HAWAII WESTERN REGION CENTRAL REGION 17 16 14 15 5 7 8 10 11 13 9 12 4 18 3 1 2 6 EASTERN REGION 22 21 20 19 23 20 ° 10 ° 0 ° 0 ° 150 ° 140 ° 130 ° 120 ° AREAS RESERVED FOR CONDUCT OF ACTIVITIES BY THE INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN From COMRA (China) From DORD (Japan) From IFREMER/AFERNOD (France) From YUZHMORGEOLOGIYA (Russia Fed.) From KORDI (Korea) From INTEROCEANMETAL (Bulgaria, Cuba, Czech Rep., Russia Fed., Slovak 01 - Block number Rep., Poland) Figure 4 The first step in the resource assessment of the metals of commercial interest in polymetallic nodule deposits in the CCZ was to analyse the data and information that came from the pioneer investors. Data and information include the coordinates of areas, turning points and sampling positions, and sampling data, (which consists of nodule abundance and nodule composition), seabed topography, and methods and equipment used for data collection and analysis. Coordinates and sampling data Blocks for which complementary data were provided by YUZHMORGEOLOGIYA, IFREMER/AFERNOD and DORD (Blocks 13, 14, 15 and 16) Coordinates refer to turning points and sampling data. Turning points are locations described by latitude and longitude. By drawing a line from one turning point to another, the perimeter of each block is revealed. Sampling data include information on latitude and longitude to indicate where the sample(s) were collected, the depth, the abundance and the mineral composition of recovered nodules. The mineral composition provides information of the content of the following metals: manganese, nickel, copper, cobalt, and for some blocks, iron. Figure 5 contains an example of turning points and sampling data. 30 | P age
Page 1 and 2: Establishment of a Geological Model
Page 3 and 4: The designations employed and the p
Page 5 and 6: PART II Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter
Page 7 and 8: FOREWORD Welcoming remarks and addr
Page 9 and 10: Introductory remarks by His Excelle
Page 11 and 12: PARTICIPANTS Mrs. Naomi Atauea, Min
Page 13 and 14: South Pacific Applied Geoscience Co
Page 15 and 16: waters, where biological activity i
Page 17 and 18: At the Workshop, R
Page 19 and 20: the results of resource assessment
Page 21 and 22: deposits in the CCZ, illustrating t
Page 23 and 24: soft and hard. This transparent lay
Page 25 and 26: athed by cold water, around 4 degre
Page 27 and 28: export productivity - the part of t
Page 29 and 30: activity in the CCZ, seabed topogra
Page 31: CHAPTER 2 THE INTERNATIONAL SEABED
Page 35 and 36: station, that is, nickel, copper, c
Page 37 and 38: Figure 9 illustrates the different
Page 39 and 40: Pioneer investors also provided bat
Page 41 and 42: order to identify possible discrepa
Page 43 and 44: Utilizing these statistics, Mr. de
Page 45 and 46: CHAPTER 3 A RESOURCE MODEL FOR DEEP
Page 47 and 48: The reserved areas are delimited by
Page 49 and 50: Figure 5: Bathymetric map of Blocks
Page 51 and 52: Considering the available data sets
Page 53 and 54: 3,200 million tonnes of nodules (av
Page 55 and 56: Table 1 Global resource model resul
Page 57 and 58: 22 23 Figure 18: Resource model sho
Page 59 and 60: unlikely that major decisions will
Page 61 and 62: geological model (Figure 19) to be,
Page 63 and 64: Recalling Mr. de Souza’s presenta
Page 65 and 66: The Resource Model • Array of cel
Page 67 and 68: Copper grade Figure 33 Cobalt grade
Page 69 and 70: He further said that, in land‐bas
Page 71 and 72: lock Block 16 Block 17 Block 18 Blo
Page 73 and 74: CHAPTER 4 REQUIREMENTS FOR DATA SUB
Page 75 and 76: Data requirements The Authority rec
Page 77 and 78: Quality of data to be submitted to
Page 79 and 80: SUMMARY OF PRESENTATION Mr. Diène
Page 81 and 82: • The programme of work and any c
Page 83 and 84:
CHAPTER 5 GEOLOGICAL MODEL INPUTS D
Page 85 and 86:
Total sediment thickness. Growth of
Page 87 and 88:
water chlorophyll concentrations as
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een used for other spatial estimati
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prospectors, who can then provide i
Page 93 and 94:
Figure 16: Benthic currents from th
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twenty million years was the limit
Page 97 and 98:
comparing the raw data with the co
Page 99 and 100:
CHAPTER 6 INTEGRATION OF GEOPHYSICA
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Figure 1 presents a summary chart o
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Figure 2: This perspective view is
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• (Strategy to access) Parameters
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Dr. Parson suggested that since the
Page 109 and 110:
CHAPTER 7 GEOLOGY OF THE CLARION‐
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eserved areas. With regard to singl
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asis of geological and oceanographi
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America: the Ocean Minerals Company
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information necessary for the devel
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Ocean floor morphology The CCZ is a
Page 121 and 122:
According to the Geostat analysis (
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Figure 12: Comparison of the reserv
Page 125 and 126:
This map is the first to emphasize
Page 127 and 128:
From the earlier stages of sediment
Page 129 and 130:
However, Dr. Morgan’s sketch does
Page 131 and 132:
Figure 25: Manganese and Copper As
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Figure 29 represents a sketch map o
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Copper The copper content of the no
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Moreover, as mentioned above, there
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As indicated by Figure 42, there is
Page 141 and 142:
The following preliminary conclusio
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Halbach, P., Ozkara, M. and Rehm, E
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Yubko ,V.M. and Lygina, T.I., 2002,
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He said that within the CCZ, there
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concentrations and high‐grade nod
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It is obvious that major relief for
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Figure 7: Local relief in the abbys
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The results of nodule research in t
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Metal content and tectonics Mangane
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Cobalt An analysis of the cobalt gr
Page 161 and 162:
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENTATION Dr. Kaz
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Dr. Kazmin said that although he co
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deposits first and then attempt to
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The Phoenix Island exclusive econom
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maximum in the south. Thus, in keep
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layers. Nevertheless, enough organi
Page 173 and 174:
Banerjee, R., Roy, S., Dasgupta, S.
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Professor Cronan said that the larg
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declining values as one went toward
Page 179 and 180:
. Figure 1: Location of survey area
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Figure 3: Schematic core diagram fo
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are indicated by I, II, and III. Th
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The earliest nodule growth around n
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Figure 11: Size distributions of ma
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The particle flux in each zone is a
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In area SO‐25‐1 the age of the
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used as marker reflectors for the d
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If one assumes that the total area
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needs to correlate those functions.
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These experts should be invited by
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of the paper for his presentation.
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According to Professor Beiersdorf,
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Professor Hoffert said that a compa
Page 207 and 208:
Figure 1: Location of sectors of Co
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Sediments In the eastern area, thre
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Fe > Mg > Mn to form a series of 5.
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Distribution of the genetic types o
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A gradual increase in contribution
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increases (from 10.3 to 46.8 per ce
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are found. The general north‐sout
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that IOM had been granted pioneer i
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Kotliński, the hydrogenetic, small
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CHAPTER 13 REGIONAL AND LOCAL TREND
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The types of regional zoning made a
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Figure 8b: Scheme of ore accumulati
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other from the north to the south a
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Figure 15: Geomorphological scheme
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Figure 20: Buried downcuttings, str
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topographic feature in the south, w
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测站数 180 160 140 120 100 80
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(a) Large amounts of basic volcanic
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Professor Lu identified the main co
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suggest that the organic matter con
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Prospecting criteria Prospecting cr
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According to Dr. Verlaan, the start
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The final element discussed by Dr.
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EXAMPLES OF LOW RATES - - infaunal
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- Very high local species diversity
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Extrapolation yields an estimated 1
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Apparent ranges of polychaete speci
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In addition to studying the three f
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‐ Distribution and diversity of m
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Because deep‐sea benthos are food
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Megafauna, NW Atlantic slope: (a) X
Page 269 and 270:
“Macrofauna” = animals retained
Page 271 and 272:
Characteristics of Deep Seafloor -
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disturbance, from being inundated b
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ought back in samples from the Paci
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Dr. Smith said there were additiona
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CHAPTER 17 POLYMETALLIC NODULES RES
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Bathymetric and nodule distribution
Page 283 and 284:
Resources A resource evaluation was
Page 285 and 286:
He showed the generalized bathymetr
Page 287 and 288:
Dr. Kodagali said that, for the net
Page 289 and 290:
CHAPTER 18 THE CHINA OCEAN MINERAL
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Deposit: Ore: distribution and cove
Page 293 and 294:
Ni‐equivalent abundance The Ni‐
Page 295 and 296:
Result Based on the data and inform
Page 297 and 298:
Table 1: Tonnage and tonnage per un
Page 299 and 300:
Table 6 Resource amount in blocks o
Page 301 and 302:
Compared with other areas in the CC
Page 303 and 304:
CHAPTER 19 POLYMETALLIC NODULE RESO
Page 305 and 306:
3. The Manihiki Plateau, in the nor
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environments and their impact on oc
Page 309 and 310:
Figure 6: Submarine geomorphologic
Page 311 and 312:
The Cook Islands nodules and those
Page 313 and 314:
Table 1 Comparison of the Cook Isla
Page 315 and 316:
structure and large spiral loops Hi
Page 317 and 318:
Glasby, G.P. et.al., 1986, “Geolo
Page 319 and 320:
the major topographic feature of th
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In conclusion, Dr. Clark stressed t
Page 323 and 324:
The group viewed the carbonate comp
Page 325 and 326:
interpretation and analysis of the
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the geological model. In particular
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In terms of nodule data, let me jus
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very intense, and the waters are ne
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• Complete documentation of metho
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young oceanic plate, with the crust
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Volcanic Activity The general struc
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Data Sources Data sources to be inc
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‐ Transparent‐layer materials a
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• Universities and Institutions
Page 345 and 346:
‐ An evaluation of palaeo to rece
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• Distance of seafloor from CCD
Page 349 and 350:
• Collaborate on a regular basis
Page 351 and 352:
Improved resource assessment The im
Page 353 and 354:
With regard to the programme of wor
Page 355 and 356:
group thinking about how it wanted
Page 357 and 358:
perhaps elsewhere; it could also pr
Page 359 and 360:
processes with geological and benth
Page 361 and 362:
Alf Simpson Director SOPAC Secretar
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