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NAVAL DESPATCH FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF BMD Missile SM-3, at an altitude of 250 Km proceeding at a speed of 11,000 Km/hr. This engagement also demonstrated a naval warship’s anti-Satellite capability. Inference. India has already made considerable progress in the field of Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) as reported in the media. Though there is no doubt that these weapon systems are extremely expensive, however, in prevailing security matrix where some nations in our neighbourhood are in possession of Long Range Missiles, there is certainly a need to commence planning induction of these weapon systems on our future naval platforms as these are going to be the order of the day by 2020. Therefore, one of the roles of the IN of 2020 or thereof, should be either neutralizing or rendering ineffective the enemy’s satellite (could be by Jamming the adversary’s satellites using Directed Energy) as well as providing protection to main land India as well as her Island territories against enemy Long range missiles. Ability to Influence Land Battle. It is no secret that the raison-de- etre of the maritime forces is to support the conduct of the battle on land. This could either be by delivery of ordinance from the sea or by forces at the Objective Area (AO). In either case we will require expeditionary capability with platforms capable of heavy air-lift for vertical envelopment as well as missiles with land attack capability. The IN of 2020 needs to accordingly prepare its force structuring for meeting this role. Capability Development – to Meet Asymmetric Threats Creation of a Maritime Security Advisor. One important role of the Indian Navy for the next decade would be to co-ordinate the functioning of various maritime agencies till such time that the nation develops a truly ’Maritime Culture’. The creation of Maritime Security Advisor (MSA) (though presently turned down by the Govt) needs to be taken up again. The MSA , a serving three star admiral would be the one point maritime advisor to the PMO through the National Security Advisor (NSA). This way indirectly, the Indian Navy could co-ordinate with various maritime agencies and synergise maritime security. Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA). A key national security requirement (be it from conventional threats as well as from asymmetric threats) is "Domain Awareness". Domain Awareness is the effective understanding of all activities, events, and trends within any relevant domain – air, land, sea, space and cyberspace. Effective surveillance of our area of interest and situational awareness in the maritime domain will require integration of inputs from the Indian Navy, Indian Coast Guard, DG Shipping, DG Light House Authorities, Customs, Intelligence agencies, Marine/Coastal police, fishing communities and most important of all the citizens of India itself. There would also be a need to exchange information with friendly countries with shared perceptions and interests. Presently, the weakest link in our MDA capability is lack of adequate surveillance platforms. Apart from Long and Short range Maritime Patrol Aircraft and less expensive UAVs, we also need to acquire strategic as well as maritime satellite surveillance capability. In the interim, innovative use of available technologies viz AIS, VTMS etc needs to be factored to generate domain awareness. One important role of IN for the next decade would be to build upon this capability and enhance the MDA to the optimum. Driver for Maritime Cooperation FFFFFFFFF SEPTEMBER 2010 FFFFFFFFF 19
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF Diplomatic Role The main business of major navies in the 21st century is to use warships to support foreign policy by less violent methods. Maritime Cooperation comprises those actions undertaken after mutual consent. This cooperation could be further subdivided into ‘strategic defence security cooperation’, ‘defence industry and technology cooperation’, and ‘navy to navy cooperation’. The various drivers that could influence the progress of our Maritime Cooperation Initiative are depicted in the above diagram. The IN would have to play a very active role in the field of diplomacy as a resurgent India would certainly lobby for a better world order in the coming decade. Constabulary Role Currently, the constabulary role of the Indian Navy can be divided into two broad tasks: Low Intensity Maritime Operations (LIMO); and Maritime Good Order at Sea. The diagram below depicts the Constabulary Role of the Indian Navy which in the coming years will only increase with the increasing asymmetric threats:- Constabulary Role Benign Role Benign tasks such as humanitarian aid, disaster relief, diving assistance, hydrography, etc will continue to occupy the attention of the Indian Navy in the foreseeable future. The ambit of operations envisaged to be undertaken under the benign role is depicted below:- Benign Role Spectrum of Naval Missions and Individual Mission Capability Whilst the IN would continue to concentrate towards it main four roles however, there is a need for the IN to continue to re-check its roles and capabilities vis-a vis Navies of the developed nations to ensure relevance at the international fora. Table appended at the end of this paper depicts the types of Naval Missions that can be carried out world wide by various navies of the world. Conclusion The 26 Nov 08 terrorist attack on Mumbai did make the nation sit-up and take note of infiltrations of terrorists through the sea route, so much so that some critics remarked whether the Indian Navy was investing in the correct platforms and whether it was time for Indian Navy to revert back to ‘Brown Water’ operations instead of the ‘Blue water Navy’ which the IN had been harping on even whilst the Indian coast itself had been left undefended? It is to be borne in mind that conceptually the roles and missions of the Indian Navy have been clearly defined in the Indian Maritime Doctrine (INBR 8) and India’s Maritime Strategy. However, in addition to meeting challenges of LIMO, Navies have much bigger roles and our naval leadership of yester years had a lot of difficulty trying to convince our political leadership (who invariably FFFFFFFFF SEPTEMBER 2010 FFFFFFFFF20
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