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Capt Ashok Rai "You fight your way and I fight my way" - Mao Zedong The term “Maritime Security” represents the broadest approach to issues and aspects which pertain to the sea and have an important bearing on the country’s security. This goes far beyond the military aspect although the military power and security remains the final arbiter of national security. This concept therefore, includes aspects such as seaborne trade and commerce and the facilities/infrastructure required for sustaining their effort pursuit, the management of living and non-living resources of the seas, maritime environmental issues and the delimitation of international seaward boundaries, along with the deployment and employment of Indian and foreign military forces in the Indian Ocean.
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF Transnational crime has been increasing in scope and intensity across the globe. The maritime threats today have dimensions ranging from maritime terrorism, asymmetric threats, piracy , gun running to name a few to a full scale war. The 26/11 Mumbai terrorist attack is indicative of our neighbour’s modus operandi of use of sea-route to disrupt the very social fabric of our nation’s integrity, peace and harmony. As the varied dimensions of India’s maritime security – economic, political, military, scientific, technological, and environmental – are becoming increasingly important for the development and stability of the country, it is imperative to deal with them in a comprehensive manner. Today, there is no single government ministry or agency exclusively responsible for India’s maritime activities and interests. As many as fourteen Ministries of the central government, in addition to the departments and organizations of both central and state governments, are currently involved in various aspects of the country’s maritime affairs, leading to considerable confusion and overlapping of jurisdiction . Even co-ordination among these agencies is beset with difficulties at the best of times. AIM The aim of this paper is to examine the role of the Indian Navy for the next decade against the backdrop of the prevailing maritime security environment post 26/11 Mumbai attack. EXISTING ROLES OF THE INDIAN NAVY The roles of the Navies are formulated based on the missions envisaged for it. Let us therefore begin by examining the existing roles of the Indian Navy. As per Indian Maritime Doctrine (INBR 8), the existing roles of Indian navy are as enumerated in the succeeding paragraphs. Military Role. Some of the Indian Navy’s Military roles include Sea Control, Sea Denial, Sea Based Deterrence, Operations in support of Land Battle, Interdiction of the Enemy’s Maritime Forces, Blockade of Enemy’s Ports and Harbours etc. Diplomatic Role. Military forces at sea contribute to what has traditionally been known as ‘Naval Diplomacy’. Indian Naval ships today are deployed overseas for demonstrating to local populations India’s interests and involvement in the region as also for show casing India’s industrial capability which becomes evident when our indigenously built ships are seen around the world. Naval diplomacy also takes the form of assistance to foreign countries as seen during Op Cactus in Nov 1988, assistance to Sri Lanka during floods in May 2003 as well as seaward security provided by two IN Ships to the African Union Summit in Maputo, Mozambique in Jul 2003. Maritime forces can also be used symbolically to send calibrated messages to a government by incrementally increasing the offensive capability . This in turn can be used to influence events, particularly in the early stages of a crisis, resulting in a potential aggressor backing down or defusing the situation. At the higher end, naval diplomacy takes the form of power projection forces, with the ultimate being the submarine nuclear deterrent – universally acknowledged as the most survivable leg of the nuclear triad. Constabulary Role. In this, forces are employed to enforce law or to implement some regime established by an international mandate. Violence is only employed for self-defence or as a last resort in execution of the task. The incidents of the pirated ship Alondra Rainbow captured in Nov 99 and the interdiction of the armed pirate ship off Somalia in Nov 2008 are examples where the international community has taken note of the Indian Navy’s positive contribution towards this role. With the establishment of the Coast Guard, the law enforcement aspects of the constabulary role within the MZI have been transferred to it. Thus whilst the Navy continues to look after all constabulary functions connected with the defence and security of the country, both within and outside the MZI, the Coast Guard looks after all law enforcement activities within the MZI. Benign Role. Benign tasks are those such as humanitarian aid, disaster relief, Search and Rescue (SAR), ordinance disposal, pollution control, diving assistance, salvage operations, hydrography etc. The role is termed as benign because violence has no part to play in its execution, nor is the potential to apply FFFFFFFFF SEPTEMBER 2010 FFFFFFFFF16
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