MISSING PIECES - Inter-Parliamentary Union
MISSING PIECES - Inter-Parliamentary Union
MISSING PIECES - Inter-Parliamentary Union
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<strong>MISSING</strong> <strong>PIECES</strong><br />
the threat to peace or a breach of<br />
peace, it may decide to impose a<br />
legally-binding arms embargo.<br />
Four Geneva Conventions of 1949<br />
Articles on the Responsibility of States<br />
for <strong>Inter</strong>nationally Wrongful Acts, 2001<br />
UN Protocol Against the Illicit Manufacturing<br />
of and Trafficking in Firearms,<br />
their Parts and Components and<br />
Ammunition, supplementing the United<br />
Nations Convention against Transnational<br />
Organised Crime, 2001 (Firearms<br />
Protocol or Vienna Protocol)<br />
Agenda for Humanitarian Action,<br />
adopted by the 28 th <strong>Inter</strong>national<br />
Conference of the Red Cross and Red<br />
Crescent, 2003<br />
<strong>Inter</strong>national Instrument to Enable<br />
States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely<br />
and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms<br />
and Light Weapons (<strong>Inter</strong>national Tracing<br />
Instrument)<br />
Common Article 1 provides a customary<br />
obligation for states not only to<br />
respect rules of IHL, but also to ensure<br />
their respect. This may constrain arms<br />
transfers to a state violating IHL.<br />
Prohibit aiding and assisting states in<br />
violating international law.<br />
Criminalises illicit trafficking in firearms,<br />
provides that legal transfers of guns<br />
require agreements between the governments<br />
involved, and that guns must<br />
be marked at the point of manufacture,<br />
import, and transfer from government<br />
into private hands. It also calls for the<br />
regulation of arms brokering.<br />
Calls for IHL to be one of the fundamental<br />
criteria on which arms transfer<br />
decisions are assessed (Action 2.3.1);<br />
and for strengthened controls on<br />
arms and ammunition (Action 2.3.2).<br />
Adopted by the General Assembly on<br />
8 December 2005, builds on the minimum<br />
standards on marking, recordkeeping,<br />
and cooperation in tracing of<br />
small arms that are contained in the<br />
UN Firearms Protocol and the PoA.<br />
Regional level<br />
Wassenaar Arrangement on Export<br />
Controls for Conventional Arms and<br />
Dual-Use Goods and Technologies,<br />
1996<br />
<strong>Inter</strong>-American Convention against<br />
the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking<br />
in Firearms, Ammunition,<br />
Explosives and Other Related Material,<br />
1997 (OAS Convention)<br />
ASEAN Declaration on Transnational<br />
Crime, 1997<br />
OAS Model Regulations for the Control<br />
of <strong>Inter</strong>national Movement of Firearms,<br />
their Parts, Components, and Ammunition,<br />
1998<br />
Mechanism of information exchanges<br />
and export control to promote transparency<br />
and greater responsibility in<br />
transfers of conventional arms.<br />
Outlines measures to improve the<br />
control and monitoring of legal manufacture<br />
and transfers of firearms (e.g.<br />
marking, record-keeping, strict licence<br />
systems) and to improve exchange of<br />
information among Member States<br />
regarding the illicit trade in firearms.<br />
Framework for regional cooperation<br />
on transnational crime, including trafficking<br />
in small arms.<br />
Non legally binding document designed<br />
to assist with the implementation of<br />
the OAS Convention, and outlining a set<br />
of practical measures and procedures.<br />
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