C - Lublin

More documents

Recommendations

Info

BM - biomass; NM - necromass; MM – mineral mass; NF – natural factors; AF – anthropogenic factors; ANB - anabolism; NKB - necrobolism; KTB - catabolism; bsn - biosynthesis; exc- excretion; die – dying off; ret – return of assimilates; min - mineralization; gum - humification. Fig. 1. Structural-functional scheme of an ecosystem. Transition of the substance from the phase of anabolism to catabolism and vice versa occurs with changing of the composition. Subsequence of consumption of mineral elements in anabolism differs from that one of their release at catabolism. The number and composition of the elements required is determined by the species composition of biocenosis and its phenology. Mineral elements during ontogenesis form different molecules, living cells, tissues, organs, physiological liquids differed by the complexity of structure and strength of chemical bonds. 72
As the organisms reach the generative phase, the necrobolism of turning biomass into the necromass begins. It consists of two subprocesses: the necrosis itself and return of vital substances into still functioning organs, first of all generative ones (flowers, fruits, seeds).The mature organisms provide generation of populations. Once the generative phase is completed, the biomass used up its life resource dies, turning into the necromass. Since the “landing” of necromass, the catabolism starts: dissimilation of dead organic matter into simple mineral elements. It also comprises two subprocesses: mineralization and humification. The sequence of dissimilation of organic matter depends upon the strength of chemical bonds, composition and activity of heterotrophic soil biota. Initially simple compounds are mineralized: sugars, proteins, amino acids, then more complicated ones and finally stable substances like lignin, chitin, and bone tissues. As a result of mineralization of simple compounds mineral gases (CO 2 , methane, ammonium etc.) are formed. More complicated compounds with higher ash content form except gases, mineral salts or free radicals. Gases are absorbed by the plant leaves or diffused in the atmosphere. A great part of mineral elements is absorbed by the root system of plants. The elements not required by phytocenosis interact with free radicals, forming soil humus. The other elements migrate with water solutions on soil profile and relief incline and the ecosystem losses them. Humus, as a product of second synthesis, entering into the composition of necromass, is also the subject to mineralization, but it is mineralized more slowly and with release of much more salts than gases. Humines are the most resistant fraction of organic matter. The process of their complete mineralization lasts for decades and centuries. Mineral colloids with small amount of salts of rare elements are the products of mineralization. They completely remain in the soil, enriching the reserve of minerals and falling out from biological turnover. In natural ecosystem the losses of substances are minimal. Usually the elements not demanded for phytocenosis and incorporated into humus are lost. The losses increase sharply at changing external conditions, which stimulate the processes of adaptation. In this connection, to endure in new conditions the organisms change their function and the ecosystem - its structure. The change of species composition disturbs the normal rhythm of substances turnover, creating the conditions for removing the chemical elements from the ecosystem. Catastrophic losses of mineral elements occurs at fires and invasion of entomological pests (locust, silkworm), when biomass is mineralized almost completely, and anabolism is blocked. The weeds become rescues of ‘gold supply’ of the mineral elements. They can increase their own mass by hundred and 73
Page 2 and 3:
PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY AND BIOGEOCHEMIS
Page 4 and 5:
IN MEMORIAM Dr Ludmila Petrovna Kor
Page 6 and 7:
magnetic (ferrimagnetic) oxides, ma
Page 8 and 9:
educed water activity, would favour
Page 10 and 11:
In this paper AT sorption by surfac
Page 12 and 13:
were obtained with clay content, pH
Page 14 and 15:
In present investigation the quartz
Page 16 and 17: Hence, the micromorphology suggests
Page 18 and 19: As the indicators of soil aeration
Page 20 and 21: Stomatal diffusive resistance of th
Page 22 and 23: indicators of soil aeration conditi
Page 24 and 25: REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Page 26 and 27: Table 1. Breakdown of numbers and t
Page 28 and 29: MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL P
Page 30 and 31: conditions, existing at the first p
Page 32 and 33: INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON WATER P
Page 34 and 35: moisture % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 so
Page 36 and 37: STATE OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN M
Page 38 and 39: million cells/g soil 25 20 15 10 5
Page 40 and 41: THE INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITION AND PR
Page 42 and 43: days grew faster than on substrate
Page 44 and 45: SOIL SALINITY AND CLIMATE CHANGES I
Page 46 and 47: POROUS STRUCTURE OF NATURAL BODIES
Page 48 and 49: These nonuniform classification sys
Page 50 and 51: Mercury intrusion data are plotted
Page 52 and 53: METHOD AND MATERIALS The shear stre
Page 54 and 55: wheat flour NaCl salt fine milk Fig
Page 56 and 57: The shear experiments revealed two
Page 58 and 59: Variable charge of mineral surfaces
Page 60 and 61: 3. Huffaker RC and Wallace A 1958 P
Page 62 and 63: Q V (pH)/N t = α(pH) = n ∑ i= 1
Page 64 and 65: REFERENCES 1. De Wit, J.C.M, Van Ri
Page 68 and 69: thousand times at the absence of co
Page 70 and 71: . m 131.5 131.0 I Height above sea
Page 72 and 73: SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL WATER
Page 74 and 75: The mean difference (MD) and the ro
Page 76 and 77: Acknowledgement This paper presents
Page 78 and 79: 1992; Selim 1999). The relative imp
Page 80 and 81: 1.0 C rel 0.5 0.0 v=0.7 D=3.28 v=0.
Page 82 and 83: 1.0 a b C rel 0.5 0.0 0 1 2 3 0 1 2
Page 84 and 85: Comparison of before- and after-pul
Page 86 and 87: provides the accessibility of catio
Page 88 and 89: MODEL RESEARCH ON FORMATION OF SYNT
Page 90 and 91: The analysis of the specific surfac
Page 92 and 93: PHOSPHATE-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE SP
Page 94 and 95: According to the data of Table 1, t
Page 96 and 97: MINERAL-ORGANIC COMPOUND OF SOILS:
Page 98 and 99: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION An analysis
Page 100 and 101: INTRODUCTION CHEMICAL DEGRADATION O
Page 102 and 103: of organic particles and their elec
Page 104 and 105: HNO 3 -extractable form is very clo
Page 106 and 107: Results demonstrated that Pb and Cd
Page 108 and 109: tion was measured using the Tjurina
Page 110 and 111: OUTPUT FLUXES OF LEAD IN FOREST ECO
Page 112 and 113: Regional data on Pb concentrations
Page 114 and 115: DEVICE FOR EVALUATION OF THE RAPE P
Page 116 and 117:
SPECTROSCOPIC COMPARISON OF HUMIC A
Page 118 and 119:
ehavior of sequentially extracted H
Page 120 and 121:
MODERN MONITORING SYSTEMS FOR THE M
Page 122 and 123:
The control of the measurement syst
Page 124 and 125:
ASORPTION AND SURFACE AREA OF SOILS
Page 126 and 127:
Nm xCBET N = ( 1− x BET − )[ 1+
Page 128 and 129:
According to this, when x/N (1-x) i
Page 130 and 131:
POTENTIAL OF AZOLLA CAROLINIANA TO
Page 132 and 133:
The decrease of Pb(II) and of Cd(II
Page 134 and 135:
12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Piechalak, A.,
Page 136 and 137:
Kloc, 2001]. Nitrogen adsorption is
Page 138 and 139:
This is worth noting that the lower
Page 140 and 141:
N ( h) 1 2 γ ( h) = [ ( ) ( )] ( )
Page 142 and 143:
Exemplary spatial distributions (sa
Page 144 and 145:
This is worth noting that significa
Page 146 and 147:
adsorbed chemicals to microorganism
Page 148 and 149:
were detected in the untreated soil
Page 150 and 151:
0.4 1000 Moisture [Vol.] 0.3 0.2 0.
Page 152 and 153:
NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION FROM SOILS W
Page 154 and 155:
N2O-N [mg kg -1 ] 100 80 60 40 20 0
Page 156 and 157:
LITERATURE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Page 158 and 159:
where v(t) - CO 2 production rate;
Page 160 and 161:
carbon was involved mainly into mic
Page 162 and 163:
Demkin Vitaliiy DrSc Dmitrakov Leon
Page 164 and 165:
Priputina Irina PhD Rudko Tadeusz P
show all

C - Lublin

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?