C - Lublin

Next paleosoil is dated back 4410±100 BP, Cal. 3304-2911 BC. The paleosoil
properties are also close to these of modern soils. But some soil parameters indicate
that the climate in the middle of the third Millennium BC differed from that of
present days. In particular, the salt concentration in the buried soil was virtually
5100±50 4410±100 4260±120 4120±70 3960±40 Present time
1 2 3 4
1 – nodule calcareous neoformations 2 – easy soluble salts (concentration >1%)
3 – gypsum neoformations 4 – depth of HCl-reaction
Fig. 1. Stratigraphy morphology of the paleosols and modern surface soils
higher, with the content of chloride in the upper part of soil profile exceeding 600
ppm. Evidently, this kind of soil salinity was due to increasing the salt transfer by
the wind, sodium chloride, in the firs place, from the Caspian Sea, the process
occurring when the climate becomes more arid. On the other hand, the HClreaction
begun at the depth of 28cm, the thickness of carbonates accumulation zone
reached 63cm, with the calcareous new formations in the nodule form prevailing.
The gypsum content was less than 1% (Fig.2.). The Illuvial horizon B had
prismatic structure with signs of solonetzic process developing. The upper part of
the soil-forming rock had been leached from the easily soluble salts and gypsum. It
is typical of the paleosoil to contain many Fe-Mn oxide neoformations in the form
of thin pellicles and coatings on the soil particle surface in the horizons B1, B2 and
BC. Fe and Mn are known to immobilize at Eh exceeding 450 mv. Such an
ambiguity of the soil properties indicates that comparatively humid climate
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