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0.4 1000 Moisture [Vol.] 0.3 0.2 0.1 moisture - 1 cm moisture - 2.5 cm moisture - 4 cm water potential - 1 cm water potential- 2.5 cm water potential - 4 cm 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 Water potential [hPa] 0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 Time [s] Fig. 2. Water content and water potential dynamic in soil column evaporation process Assuming that the process of water transport takes place under isothermal conditions and is one-dimensional, the Darcy’s low is valid for the proposed experimental conditions. The water flow can be described with the use of the following equation: ⎛ ∂ψ ( z, t) ⎞ q( z, t) = −k( ψ ) ⎜ −1⎟ (1) ⎝ ∂z ⎠ Alternatively the flux can be calculated from the equation: z ∂θ ( z, t) q( z, t) = − ∫ dz (2) t ∂ z= z 0 Comparing these equations it is possible to calculate the hydraulic conductivity k(ψ) from the equation: z ∂θ ( z, t) ∫ dz ∂t z= z0 k( ψ ) = (3) ⎛ ∂ψ ( z, t) ⎞ ⎜ −1⎟ ⎝ ∂z ⎠ Using this method it is possible to determine relationship between hydraulic conductivity coefficient and water potential (see Fig. 3) and so called dynamic retention curve (see Fig. 4). 156 0
Hydraulic conductivity [cm · day -1 ] 2.00E-01 1.80E-01 1.60E-01 1.40E-01 1.20E-01 1.00E-01 8.00E-02 6.00E-02 4.00E-02 2.00E-02 0.00E+00 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Water potential [hPa] Fig.3. Hydraulic conductivity coefficient as a function of water potential Water potential [hPa] 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0.2 0.3 0.4 Moisture [Vol.] Fig. 4. Dynamic retention curve Using TDR laboratory set-up and applying instantaneous profile methods (IPM) the hydraulic conductivity coefficients as a function of water potential and dynamic retention curve for minerals soil of Poland were determined. Also using Richard’s chambers the static retention curves were measured. Results of mentioned investigations are documented by two qualities: - average numerical values of chosen soil hydrophysical characteristics set in tabular form, - cartographic presentation of the variability and differentiation of soil cover of arable lands according to the values of these characteristics. 157
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PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY AND BIOGEOCHEMIS
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IN MEMORIAM Dr Ludmila Petrovna Kor
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magnetic (ferrimagnetic) oxides, ma
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educed water activity, would favour
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In this paper AT sorption by surfac
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were obtained with clay content, pH
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In present investigation the quartz
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Hence, the micromorphology suggests
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As the indicators of soil aeration
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Stomatal diffusive resistance of th
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indicators of soil aeration conditi
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REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
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Table 1. Breakdown of numbers and t
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MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL P
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conditions, existing at the first p
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INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON WATER P
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moisture % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 so
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STATE OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN M
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million cells/g soil 25 20 15 10 5
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THE INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITION AND PR
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days grew faster than on substrate
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SOIL SALINITY AND CLIMATE CHANGES I
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POROUS STRUCTURE OF NATURAL BODIES
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These nonuniform classification sys
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Mercury intrusion data are plotted
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METHOD AND MATERIALS The shear stre
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wheat flour NaCl salt fine milk Fig
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The shear experiments revealed two
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Variable charge of mineral surfaces
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3. Huffaker RC and Wallace A 1958 P
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Q V (pH)/N t = α(pH) = n ∑ i= 1
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REFERENCES 1. De Wit, J.C.M, Van Ri
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BM - biomass; NM - necromass; MM -
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thousand times at the absence of co
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. m 131.5 131.0 I Height above sea
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SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL WATER
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The mean difference (MD) and the ro
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Acknowledgement This paper presents
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1992; Selim 1999). The relative imp
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1.0 C rel 0.5 0.0 v=0.7 D=3.28 v=0.
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1.0 a b C rel 0.5 0.0 0 1 2 3 0 1 2
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Comparison of before- and after-pul
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provides the accessibility of catio
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MODEL RESEARCH ON FORMATION OF SYNT
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The analysis of the specific surfac
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PHOSPHATE-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE SP
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According to the data of Table 1, t
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MINERAL-ORGANIC COMPOUND OF SOILS:
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION An analysis
Page 100 and 101: INTRODUCTION CHEMICAL DEGRADATION O
Page 102 and 103: of organic particles and their elec
Page 104 and 105: HNO 3 -extractable form is very clo
Page 106 and 107: Results demonstrated that Pb and Cd
Page 108 and 109: tion was measured using the Tjurina
Page 110 and 111: OUTPUT FLUXES OF LEAD IN FOREST ECO
Page 112 and 113: Regional data on Pb concentrations
Page 114 and 115: DEVICE FOR EVALUATION OF THE RAPE P
Page 116 and 117: SPECTROSCOPIC COMPARISON OF HUMIC A
Page 118 and 119: ehavior of sequentially extracted H
Page 120 and 121: MODERN MONITORING SYSTEMS FOR THE M
Page 122 and 123: The control of the measurement syst
Page 124 and 125: ASORPTION AND SURFACE AREA OF SOILS
Page 126 and 127: Nm xCBET N = ( 1− x BET − )[ 1+
Page 128 and 129: According to this, when x/N (1-x) i
Page 130 and 131: POTENTIAL OF AZOLLA CAROLINIANA TO
Page 132 and 133: The decrease of Pb(II) and of Cd(II
Page 134 and 135: 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Piechalak, A.,
Page 136 and 137: Kloc, 2001]. Nitrogen adsorption is
Page 138 and 139: This is worth noting that the lower
Page 140 and 141: N ( h) 1 2 γ ( h) = [ ( ) ( )] ( )
Page 142 and 143: Exemplary spatial distributions (sa
Page 144 and 145: This is worth noting that significa
Page 146 and 147: adsorbed chemicals to microorganism
Page 148 and 149: were detected in the untreated soil
Page 152 and 153: NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION FROM SOILS W
Page 154 and 155: N2O-N [mg kg -1 ] 100 80 60 40 20 0
Page 156 and 157: LITERATURE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Page 158 and 159: where v(t) - CO 2 production rate;
Page 160 and 161: carbon was involved mainly into mic
Page 162 and 163: Demkin Vitaliiy DrSc Dmitrakov Leon
Page 164 and 165: Priputina Irina PhD Rudko Tadeusz P
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