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were detected in the untreated soil. Mechanism of PCB transformation in soil at presence of activated carbon is being studied. CONCLUSIONS AC introduced to soil in adequate dose reduced concentration of DCA, TNT and probably PCB or its metabolites in soil solution to low toxicity to degrading microorganisms and plants; AC promoted total biodegradation of DCA accompanied by almost stoichiometric release of chloride-ions; AC promoted microbial reduction of TNT nitro-groups and simultaneously catalyzed chemical oxidation of its methyl-group that resulted in accelerated transformation of TNT to products of low toxicity that were strongly bound to the soil-carbon matrix. Mechanism of accelerated PCB detoxification in soil at presence of activated carbon is being studied. Acknowledgements. This research was partly supported by RFBR and Moscow oblast’ grant № 01-05-97006. We thank Dr. Pat Shea and J-M. Bollag for valuable discussions and use of laboratory facilities. REFERENCES 1. Bakhaeva LP, Vasilyeva GK, Surovtseva EG, Mukhin VM (2001) Microbial degradation of 3,4-dichloroaniline adsorbed to activated carbon. Microbiology 70: 277-284 2. Vasilyeva GK, Bakhaeva LP, Surovtseva EG (1996) The use of in situ soil adsorptive bioremediation following an accidental spill of propanil in the Krasnodar region of Russia. Land Contam Reclam 4: 263-268 3. Vasilyeva GK, Kreslavski VD, Shea. PJ, Oh B-T (2001) Potential of activated carbon to decrease 2,4,6-trinitritoluene toxicity and accelerate soil decontamination. Environ Toxicol Chem 20: 965-971 4. Vasilyeva GK, Kreslavski VD, Shea PJ, Bollag J-M (2002) Accelerated transformation and binding of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in soil amended with activated carbon. In: Violante A, Huang PM, Bollag JM, and Gianfreda L (eds) Soil Mineral- Organic Matter - Microorganism Interactions and Ecosystems Health. Ser. Development in Soil Science 28 B. Amsterdam and others, Elsevier. Pp. 157-168 154
DETERMINATION OF WATER CHARACTERISTICS OF POLISH MINERAL SOILS WITH TDR METHOD APPLICATION Walczak R. T., Sławiński C., Witkowska-Walczak B. The water retention, saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity coefficients are the basic hydrophysical characteristics of the soil. The correct determination of those characteristics is indispensable to obtain the required accuracy of the used models of water transport in soil profile. Therefore, the methods of measurement and estimation of these characteristics are extensively developed. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is one of the most important physical soil characteristics. Applying TDR techniques and the instantaneous profile method (IPM) the measurement of hydraulic conductivity coefficient k(ψ) and also dynamic retention curve θ(ψ) has become much faster and effective. It was demonstrated, that this method gives accurate results for various initial and boundary conditions applied to the soil sample. The instantaneous profile method (IPM) rest on simultaneously measurements of water content and water potential dynamic in the process of drying or wetting the soil column (see Fig.1, 2). wentylator fen ko m p u te r com puter mikrotensjometry microtensiometers so n d y TD R TD R p robes m iernik TD R TD R d e vice znacznik c za su tim e m arke r podstawa Fig. 1. TDR set-up for water content and water potential dynamic measurements in evaporation process base 155
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PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY AND BIOGEOCHEMIS
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IN MEMORIAM Dr Ludmila Petrovna Kor
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magnetic (ferrimagnetic) oxides, ma
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educed water activity, would favour
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In this paper AT sorption by surfac
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were obtained with clay content, pH
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In present investigation the quartz
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Hence, the micromorphology suggests
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As the indicators of soil aeration
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Stomatal diffusive resistance of th
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indicators of soil aeration conditi
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REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
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Table 1. Breakdown of numbers and t
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MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL P
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conditions, existing at the first p
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INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON WATER P
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moisture % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 so
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STATE OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN M
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million cells/g soil 25 20 15 10 5
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THE INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITION AND PR
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days grew faster than on substrate
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SOIL SALINITY AND CLIMATE CHANGES I
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POROUS STRUCTURE OF NATURAL BODIES
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These nonuniform classification sys
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Mercury intrusion data are plotted
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METHOD AND MATERIALS The shear stre
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wheat flour NaCl salt fine milk Fig
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The shear experiments revealed two
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Variable charge of mineral surfaces
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3. Huffaker RC and Wallace A 1958 P
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Q V (pH)/N t = α(pH) = n ∑ i= 1
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REFERENCES 1. De Wit, J.C.M, Van Ri
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BM - biomass; NM - necromass; MM -
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thousand times at the absence of co
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. m 131.5 131.0 I Height above sea
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SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL WATER
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The mean difference (MD) and the ro
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Acknowledgement This paper presents
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1992; Selim 1999). The relative imp
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1.0 C rel 0.5 0.0 v=0.7 D=3.28 v=0.
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1.0 a b C rel 0.5 0.0 0 1 2 3 0 1 2
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Comparison of before- and after-pul
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provides the accessibility of catio
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MODEL RESEARCH ON FORMATION OF SYNT
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The analysis of the specific surfac
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PHOSPHATE-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE SP
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According to the data of Table 1, t
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MINERAL-ORGANIC COMPOUND OF SOILS:
Page 98 and 99: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION An analysis
Page 100 and 101: INTRODUCTION CHEMICAL DEGRADATION O
Page 102 and 103: of organic particles and their elec
Page 104 and 105: HNO 3 -extractable form is very clo
Page 106 and 107: Results demonstrated that Pb and Cd
Page 108 and 109: tion was measured using the Tjurina
Page 110 and 111: OUTPUT FLUXES OF LEAD IN FOREST ECO
Page 112 and 113: Regional data on Pb concentrations
Page 114 and 115: DEVICE FOR EVALUATION OF THE RAPE P
Page 116 and 117: SPECTROSCOPIC COMPARISON OF HUMIC A
Page 118 and 119: ehavior of sequentially extracted H
Page 120 and 121: MODERN MONITORING SYSTEMS FOR THE M
Page 122 and 123: The control of the measurement syst
Page 124 and 125: ASORPTION AND SURFACE AREA OF SOILS
Page 126 and 127: Nm xCBET N = ( 1− x BET − )[ 1+
Page 128 and 129: According to this, when x/N (1-x) i
Page 130 and 131: POTENTIAL OF AZOLLA CAROLINIANA TO
Page 132 and 133: The decrease of Pb(II) and of Cd(II
Page 134 and 135: 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Piechalak, A.,
Page 136 and 137: Kloc, 2001]. Nitrogen adsorption is
Page 138 and 139: This is worth noting that the lower
Page 140 and 141: N ( h) 1 2 γ ( h) = [ ( ) ( )] ( )
Page 142 and 143: Exemplary spatial distributions (sa
Page 144 and 145: This is worth noting that significa
Page 146 and 147: adsorbed chemicals to microorganism
Page 150 and 151: 0.4 1000 Moisture [Vol.] 0.3 0.2 0.
Page 152 and 153: NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION FROM SOILS W
Page 154 and 155: N2O-N [mg kg -1 ] 100 80 60 40 20 0
Page 156 and 157: LITERATURE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Page 158 and 159: where v(t) - CO 2 production rate;
Page 160 and 161: carbon was involved mainly into mic
Page 162 and 163: Demkin Vitaliiy DrSc Dmitrakov Leon
Page 164 and 165: Priputina Irina PhD Rudko Tadeusz P
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