C - Lublin
C - Lublin
C - Lublin
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SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SELECTED SOIL PHYSICAL AND<br />
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES<br />
Usowicz B, Hajnos M., Sokołowska Z., Józefaciuk G.,<br />
Bowanko G., Kossowski J.<br />
Basic soil properties are documented on maps of different scales and degree of<br />
generalization, and in databanks. From these one can see different variability of<br />
soil properties on a given area. Despite the heterogeneity of soil on a field scale<br />
may be high, this is frequently neglected not only by farmers, but also by scientists.<br />
As a rule the soil in a single field is considered to be homogeneous so one-point<br />
measurements are used for determination of its properties and uniform agricultural<br />
practices are applied, as well. In general, least knowledge on soil spatial variability<br />
has been collected in respect of its mathematical-physical description, and in<br />
respect of its natural and anthropogenic components.<br />
In this work spatial variability of selected soil physicochemical properties was<br />
studied on an area of a whole commune (Trzebieszów, <strong>Lublin</strong> voivodship) and on a<br />
single field. The statistic and geostatistic analysis including estimation of spatial<br />
distribution and estimation error of soil granulometric composition and pH are<br />
presented.<br />
MATERIALS AND METHODS<br />
Trzebieszów commune is located on a flat landscape of denivelations rarely<br />
exceeding 10 m, with a few shallow valleys of flooding rivers. The lowland is<br />
mostly built from outwash material, with loose sands to low clayey sandy soils [4].<br />
The mean annual temperature is 7,3 o C; the mean temperature of the warmest<br />
month (July) is 17,7 o C, and of the coldest one (January) is –3,5 o C. The annual<br />
rainfall is 537 mm, 64% of which comes during vegetation period (IV-IX).<br />
The soils were sampled in summer from randomly located points (commune)<br />
and regular network points (field), that is shown in Fig. 1. Analysis of<br />
granulometric composition was performed using areometrical-sedimentation<br />
method and of the pH (H 2 O and KCl) potentiometrically.<br />
Both for the commune and the field areas the basic statistical parameters<br />
were estimated: mean value, standard deviation, coefficient of variability (CV),<br />
skewness and kurtosis. Spatial characteristics of the studied soil features was<br />
performed using geostatistical methods. Exsperimental semivariogram − γ(h) for<br />
the distance h was calculated from the equation [4, 5]:<br />
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