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This is worth noting that the lowering of the growing solution pH without Al addition causes insignificant changes in surface areas indicating that the root material survives low pH intact. The intensity of the changes in root surface areas is higher for the Al sensitive plants as this is the highest for barley and the lowest for Al-resistant wheat Inia. The younger, tillering stage plant roots were more susceptible for the Al stress, as their surface areas increased to a larger extent. REFERENCES 1. Ansari S A, Kumar P, Gupta B N 1995 Root surface area measurements based on adsorption and desorption of nitrite. Plant Soil 175, 133-137. 2. Brunauer S, Emmet P H, Teller E 1938 Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60, 309-314. 3. Carley H E, Watson R D 1996 A new gravimetric method for estimating root-surface areas. Soil Sci. 102, 289-291. 4. Gregg S J, Sing K S W 1967 Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity. Academic Press London and New York, 35-223. 5. Józefaciuk G., Szatanik-Kloc A. 2001: Aluminium-induced changes in the surface and micropore properties of wheat roots: a study using the water vapor adsorptiondesorption technique. Plant and Soil, 233, (1), 95-108 6. María Luz Pérez-Rea, Fernando Rojas, Victor M. Castano. 2003. Nitrogen adsorption method for determining the mesopore slit-like size distribution of expansive soils, Materials Research Innovations, Vol. 7, 6. 7. Marschner H, Romheld V 1983 In vivo measurement of root-induced pH changes at the soil-root interface: effect of plant species and nitrogen source. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 111, 249-254. 8. Nye P H 1973 The relation between the radius of a root and its nutrient-adsorbing power. J. Exp. Bot. 24, 783-786. 9. Petersen L.W., Moldrup P., JacobsenO.H., Rolston D.E. 1996. Relation between specific surface area and soil physical and chemical properties. Soil Sci., 161, s.9-21. 10. Siberbrush M, Barber S A 1983 Sensitivity of simulated phosphorus uptake to parameters used by a mechanistic-mathematical model. Plant and Soil 74, 93-100. 11. Stawinski J., Gliński J. Ostrowski J., Stępniewska Z., Sokołowska Z., Bowanko G., Józefaciuk G., Księżopolska A., Matyka-Sarzyńska D., 2000. Przestrzenna charakterystyka powierzchni własciwej gleb Polski. Acta Agrophysica, Monografia. 12. Szatanik-Kloc A., Józefaciuk G. 1997. Effect of pH and aluminum on surface properties of barley roots as determined from water vapor adsorption. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 19, 3, 327-332. 13. Vilee C A 1978 Biology. PWRIL Warsaw. p 228. 14. Volzone, C., Thompson, J.G., Melnitchenko, A., Ortiga, J. and Palethorpe, S.R. (1999) Selective gas adsorption by amorphous clay-mineral derivatives. Clays and Clay Minerals, 5, 647-657. 144
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SELECTED SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Usowicz B, Hajnos M., Sokołowska Z., Józefaciuk G., Bowanko G., Kossowski J. Basic soil properties are documented on maps of different scales and degree of generalization, and in databanks. From these one can see different variability of soil properties on a given area. Despite the heterogeneity of soil on a field scale may be high, this is frequently neglected not only by farmers, but also by scientists. As a rule the soil in a single field is considered to be homogeneous so one-point measurements are used for determination of its properties and uniform agricultural practices are applied, as well. In general, least knowledge on soil spatial variability has been collected in respect of its mathematical-physical description, and in respect of its natural and anthropogenic components. In this work spatial variability of selected soil physicochemical properties was studied on an area of a whole commune (Trzebieszów, <strong>Lublin</strong> voivodship) and on a single field. The statistic and geostatistic analysis including estimation of spatial distribution and estimation error of soil granulometric composition and pH are presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS Trzebieszów commune is located on a flat landscape of denivelations rarely exceeding 10 m, with a few shallow valleys of flooding rivers. The lowland is mostly built from outwash material, with loose sands to low clayey sandy soils [4]. The mean annual temperature is 7,3 o C; the mean temperature of the warmest month (July) is 17,7 o C, and of the coldest one (January) is –3,5 o C. The annual rainfall is 537 mm, 64% of which comes during vegetation period (IV-IX). The soils were sampled in summer from randomly located points (commune) and regular network points (field), that is shown in Fig. 1. Analysis of granulometric composition was performed using areometrical-sedimentation method and of the pH (H 2 O and KCl) potentiometrically. Both for the commune and the field areas the basic statistical parameters were estimated: mean value, standard deviation, coefficient of variability (CV), skewness and kurtosis. Spatial characteristics of the studied soil features was performed using geostatistical methods. Exsperimental semivariogram − γ(h) for the distance h was calculated from the equation [4, 5]: 145
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PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY AND BIOGEOCHEMIS
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IN MEMORIAM Dr Ludmila Petrovna Kor
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magnetic (ferrimagnetic) oxides, ma
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educed water activity, would favour
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In this paper AT sorption by surfac
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were obtained with clay content, pH
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In present investigation the quartz
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Hence, the micromorphology suggests
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As the indicators of soil aeration
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Stomatal diffusive resistance of th
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indicators of soil aeration conditi
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REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
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Table 1. Breakdown of numbers and t
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MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL P
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conditions, existing at the first p
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INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON WATER P
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moisture % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 so
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STATE OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN M
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million cells/g soil 25 20 15 10 5
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THE INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITION AND PR
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days grew faster than on substrate
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SOIL SALINITY AND CLIMATE CHANGES I
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POROUS STRUCTURE OF NATURAL BODIES
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These nonuniform classification sys
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Mercury intrusion data are plotted
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METHOD AND MATERIALS The shear stre
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wheat flour NaCl salt fine milk Fig
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The shear experiments revealed two
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Variable charge of mineral surfaces
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3. Huffaker RC and Wallace A 1958 P
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Q V (pH)/N t = α(pH) = n ∑ i= 1
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REFERENCES 1. De Wit, J.C.M, Van Ri
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BM - biomass; NM - necromass; MM -
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thousand times at the absence of co
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. m 131.5 131.0 I Height above sea
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SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL WATER
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The mean difference (MD) and the ro
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Acknowledgement This paper presents
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1992; Selim 1999). The relative imp
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1.0 C rel 0.5 0.0 v=0.7 D=3.28 v=0.
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1.0 a b C rel 0.5 0.0 0 1 2 3 0 1 2
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Comparison of before- and after-pul
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provides the accessibility of catio
Page 88 and 89: MODEL RESEARCH ON FORMATION OF SYNT
Page 90 and 91: The analysis of the specific surfac
Page 92 and 93: PHOSPHATE-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE SP
Page 94 and 95: According to the data of Table 1, t
Page 96 and 97: MINERAL-ORGANIC COMPOUND OF SOILS:
Page 98 and 99: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION An analysis
Page 100 and 101: INTRODUCTION CHEMICAL DEGRADATION O
Page 102 and 103: of organic particles and their elec
Page 104 and 105: HNO 3 -extractable form is very clo
Page 106 and 107: Results demonstrated that Pb and Cd
Page 108 and 109: tion was measured using the Tjurina
Page 110 and 111: OUTPUT FLUXES OF LEAD IN FOREST ECO
Page 112 and 113: Regional data on Pb concentrations
Page 114 and 115: DEVICE FOR EVALUATION OF THE RAPE P
Page 116 and 117: SPECTROSCOPIC COMPARISON OF HUMIC A
Page 118 and 119: ehavior of sequentially extracted H
Page 120 and 121: MODERN MONITORING SYSTEMS FOR THE M
Page 122 and 123: The control of the measurement syst
Page 124 and 125: ASORPTION AND SURFACE AREA OF SOILS
Page 126 and 127: Nm xCBET N = ( 1− x BET − )[ 1+
Page 128 and 129: According to this, when x/N (1-x) i
Page 130 and 131: POTENTIAL OF AZOLLA CAROLINIANA TO
Page 132 and 133: The decrease of Pb(II) and of Cd(II
Page 134 and 135: 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Piechalak, A.,
Page 136 and 137: Kloc, 2001]. Nitrogen adsorption is
Page 140 and 141: N ( h) 1 2 γ ( h) = [ ( ) ( )] ( )
Page 142 and 143: Exemplary spatial distributions (sa
Page 144 and 145: This is worth noting that significa
Page 146 and 147: adsorbed chemicals to microorganism
Page 148 and 149: were detected in the untreated soil
Page 150 and 151: 0.4 1000 Moisture [Vol.] 0.3 0.2 0.
Page 152 and 153: NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION FROM SOILS W
Page 154 and 155: N2O-N [mg kg -1 ] 100 80 60 40 20 0
Page 156 and 157: LITERATURE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Page 158 and 159: where v(t) - CO 2 production rate;
Page 160 and 161: carbon was involved mainly into mic
Page 162 and 163: Demkin Vitaliiy DrSc Dmitrakov Leon
Page 164 and 165: Priputina Irina PhD Rudko Tadeusz P
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