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The decrease of Pb(II) and of Cd(II) in solution medium amounted to 90% and 22%. Respectively. In the A. caroliniana tissues content of tested metals were up to 416 mg Pb per kg d.w. and up to 259 mg Cd per kg d.w. Changes in concentration of lead and cadmium ions in all the treatments are shown in Fig 2. Concentrations of Cd(II) in all the tested treatments underwent small changes during the experiment. Decrease of the metal concentration on the level of 10, 18 and 22% for 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg Cd(II) dm -3 treatments was found. Positive correlation between Pb(II) and Cd(II) concentration in water solution and biomass content was noted (R 2 = 0,999 and R 2 = 0,992 respectively). Fig. 2. Concentration of lead (A) and cadmium (B) in A.caroliniana biomass in all treatments. The experiment performed shows that A. caroliniana is a good bioacumutator of tested metals and can takes up to 53-416 mg·kg -1 d.m.of Pb and up to 23-259 mg·kg -1 d.m. of Cd, depending to metal concentration in water solution during 12 days of growth and can be very effective in bioremediation as compare to other plants. In many experiments conducted on live and dried plants at different pH values. M. sativa bound 7.1 mg Cd, 7.7 mg Cr(III), 43 mg Pb(II), 4.9 mg Zn(II) but no Cr(VI). The recovery of bound metals from biomass amounted to 90% for Pb, Zn, Cr and 70% for Cd (Gardea-Torresdey et al., 1996). Another hyperaccumulator, T. caerulescens, bound 62800 mg Cd(II) in 1 kg of d.w. (Nedelkoska and Doran, 2000). However in the H. lupulus the leaves contained 72400 mg Pb(II) in 1 kh of biomass (Gardea-Torresdey et al., 2002). Willows accumulated 40-80% of Cd introduced into the soil (Klang-Westin and Perttub, 2002). Agrostemma githago L. (Caryophyllaceae) roots contained 1800 mg Pb per kg and in T. officinale there was 15.4 mg Cd per kg (Pichtel et al., 2000). Of legumes, P. vulgaris had in its roots the largest amount of accumulated Pb equal 75 mg per g d.w. (Piechalak et al., 2002). The common aquatic plant L. minor can remove up to 90% of soluble Pb from water (Rahmani and Sternberg, 1999). 138
Sorption of lead ions by dried Azolla filiculoides L. depended on pH values. When it was higher (3.5 and 4.5) the sorption was the highest – 95%. At lower pH values (1.5) the accumulation decreased to 30%. This plant removed up to 93000 mg Pb per kg of d.w. (Sanyahumbi et al., 1998). However Azolla pinnata Brown takes up to 90% of Cd from medium (Gaur and Noraho, 1995). Experiments using Azolla sp. until now were performed mostly on dried plant which was packed into columns. REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Bennicelli, R., Stęniewska, Z., Banach, M., Szajnocha, K., Ostrowski, J. (2004) The ability of Azolla caroliniana to remove heavy metals (Hg(II), Cr(III), Cr(VI)) from municipal waste water. Chemosphere 55 (1),141-146. Carrapiço, F. (2001) The Azolla-Anabaena-Bacteria System as a Natural Micro-cosm. Proceedings of SPIE 4495, 261-265. Evanko, C.R., Dzombak, D.A. (1997) Remediation of Metal-Contaminated Soils and Groundwater. Technology Evaluation Report, GWRTAC Series, TE-97-01. Gardea-Torresdey, J.L., Gonzalez, J.H., Tiemann, K.J., Rodriguez, O. (1996) Biosorption of Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, and Zinc by Biomass of Medicago Sativa (Alfalfa). Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual EPA Conf. on Hazardous Waste Research, (HSRC/WERC Joint Conference on the Environment), Edited by L.R. Erickson, D.L. Tillison, S.C. Grant, and J.P. McDonald, Albuquerque, NM, pp. 11-20. Gardea-Torresdey, J., Hejazi, M., Tiemann, K., Parsons, J.G., Duarte-Gardea, M., Henning, J. (2002) Use of hop (Humulus lupulus) agricultural by-products for the reduction of aqueous lead (II) environmental health hazards. Journal Hazard Materials 91 (1-3), 95-112. Gaur, J.P., Noraho, N.(1995) Adsorption and uptake of cadmium by Azolla pinnata: kinetics of inhibition by cations. Biomed Environ Sci 8 (2), 149-57. Gleba, D., Borisjuk, N.V., Borisjuk, L.G., Kneer, R., Poulev, A., Skarzhinskaya, M., Dushenkov, S., Logendra, S., Gleba, Y.Y., Raskin, I. (1999) Use of plant roots for phytoremediation and molecular farming. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 96 (11), 5973-5977. Klang-Westin, E., Perttub, K. (2002) Effects of nutrient supply and soil cadmium concentration on cadmium removal by willow. Biomass and Bioenergy 23 (6), 415- 426. Krieger, R.I. (1990) Toxicity and bio-availability studies of lead and other elements in the lower Coeur D'Alene River. Idaho Bureau of Land Management, Technical Bulletin 90-3. Nedelkoska, T.V., Doran, P.M. (2000) Hyperaccumulation of cadmium by hairy roots of Thlaspi caerulescens. Biotechnol Bioeng 67 (5), 607-615. Pichtel, J., Kuroiwa, K., Sawyerr, H.T. (2000) Distribution of Pb, Cd and Ba in soils and plants of two contaminated sites. Environmental Pollution 110 (1), 171-178. 139
Page 2 and 3:
PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY AND BIOGEOCHEMIS
Page 4 and 5:
IN MEMORIAM Dr Ludmila Petrovna Kor
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magnetic (ferrimagnetic) oxides, ma
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educed water activity, would favour
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In this paper AT sorption by surfac
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were obtained with clay content, pH
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In present investigation the quartz
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Hence, the micromorphology suggests
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As the indicators of soil aeration
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Stomatal diffusive resistance of th
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indicators of soil aeration conditi
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REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
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Table 1. Breakdown of numbers and t
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MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL P
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conditions, existing at the first p
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INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON WATER P
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moisture % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 so
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STATE OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN M
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million cells/g soil 25 20 15 10 5
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THE INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITION AND PR
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days grew faster than on substrate
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SOIL SALINITY AND CLIMATE CHANGES I
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POROUS STRUCTURE OF NATURAL BODIES
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These nonuniform classification sys
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Mercury intrusion data are plotted
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METHOD AND MATERIALS The shear stre
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wheat flour NaCl salt fine milk Fig
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The shear experiments revealed two
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Variable charge of mineral surfaces
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3. Huffaker RC and Wallace A 1958 P
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Q V (pH)/N t = α(pH) = n ∑ i= 1
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REFERENCES 1. De Wit, J.C.M, Van Ri
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BM - biomass; NM - necromass; MM -
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thousand times at the absence of co
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. m 131.5 131.0 I Height above sea
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SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL WATER
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The mean difference (MD) and the ro
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Acknowledgement This paper presents
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1992; Selim 1999). The relative imp
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1.0 C rel 0.5 0.0 v=0.7 D=3.28 v=0.
Page 82 and 83: 1.0 a b C rel 0.5 0.0 0 1 2 3 0 1 2
Page 84 and 85: Comparison of before- and after-pul
Page 86 and 87: provides the accessibility of catio
Page 88 and 89: MODEL RESEARCH ON FORMATION OF SYNT
Page 90 and 91: The analysis of the specific surfac
Page 92 and 93: PHOSPHATE-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE SP
Page 94 and 95: According to the data of Table 1, t
Page 96 and 97: MINERAL-ORGANIC COMPOUND OF SOILS:
Page 98 and 99: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION An analysis
Page 100 and 101: INTRODUCTION CHEMICAL DEGRADATION O
Page 102 and 103: of organic particles and their elec
Page 104 and 105: HNO 3 -extractable form is very clo
Page 106 and 107: Results demonstrated that Pb and Cd
Page 108 and 109: tion was measured using the Tjurina
Page 110 and 111: OUTPUT FLUXES OF LEAD IN FOREST ECO
Page 112 and 113: Regional data on Pb concentrations
Page 114 and 115: DEVICE FOR EVALUATION OF THE RAPE P
Page 116 and 117: SPECTROSCOPIC COMPARISON OF HUMIC A
Page 118 and 119: ehavior of sequentially extracted H
Page 120 and 121: MODERN MONITORING SYSTEMS FOR THE M
Page 122 and 123: The control of the measurement syst
Page 124 and 125: ASORPTION AND SURFACE AREA OF SOILS
Page 126 and 127: Nm xCBET N = ( 1− x BET − )[ 1+
Page 128 and 129: According to this, when x/N (1-x) i
Page 130 and 131: POTENTIAL OF AZOLLA CAROLINIANA TO
Page 134 and 135: 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Piechalak, A.,
Page 136 and 137: Kloc, 2001]. Nitrogen adsorption is
Page 138 and 139: This is worth noting that the lower
Page 140 and 141: N ( h) 1 2 γ ( h) = [ ( ) ( )] ( )
Page 142 and 143: Exemplary spatial distributions (sa
Page 144 and 145: This is worth noting that significa
Page 146 and 147: adsorbed chemicals to microorganism
Page 148 and 149: were detected in the untreated soil
Page 150 and 151: 0.4 1000 Moisture [Vol.] 0.3 0.2 0.
Page 152 and 153: NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION FROM SOILS W
Page 154 and 155: N2O-N [mg kg -1 ] 100 80 60 40 20 0
Page 156 and 157: LITERATURE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Page 158 and 159: where v(t) - CO 2 production rate;
Page 160 and 161: carbon was involved mainly into mic
Page 162 and 163: Demkin Vitaliiy DrSc Dmitrakov Leon
Page 164 and 165: Priputina Irina PhD Rudko Tadeusz P
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