Classical and augmentative biological control against ... - IOBC-WPRS

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List of Figures Figure 1: Figure 2: Evolution of the yearly number of publications dedicated to biological control of plant diseases based on a survey of the CAB Abstracts® database. .................................1 Range of efficacy of 157 microbial biocontrol agents against five main types of airborne diseases. Detailed data are presented in Table 4.............................................10 Figure 3: Number of papers per year published during 1998-2008 concerning augmentative biological control of pests in grapevine......................................................13 Figure 4: Figure 5: Figure 6: Figure 7: Figure 8: Figure 9: Figure 10: Figure 11: Figure 12: Groups of biocontrol agents investigated in augmentative biological control researches in grapevine. Number of references for each group is reported..........................19 Groups of target pests investigated in augmentative biological control researches in grapevine. Number of references for each group is reported..........................19 Large-scale temporal survey of the publications associated with classical biological control........................................................................................................26 Relative importance of the different types of biocontrol during the temporal frame [1999-2008]......................................................................................................27 Number of pest species and related citation rate by orders during the period [1999 ; 2008] .............................................................................................................28 Relationships between the number of publications associated to the main pests and the relative percentage of ClBC related studies.................................................29 Frequencies of papers and associated median IF related to the different categories of work ......................................................................................................30 Estimated sales of biocontrol products in Europe in 2008 (in Million €). The estimates were obtained by extrapolating use patterns in a representative sample of EU farmers..................................................................................................64 Estimated distribution of biocontrol use among types of crops in 2008 in Europe ......................................................................................................................65 vi
Contents Chapter 1 Potential of biological control based on published research. 1. Protection against plant pathogens of selected crops...................................................1 P. C. Nicot, M. Bardin, C. Alabouvette, J. Köhl and M. Ruocco Chapter 2 Potential of biological control based on published research. 2. Beneficials for augmentative biocontrol against insect pests. The grapevine case study .......................................................................................................12 M. Giorgini Chapter 3 Potential of biological control based on published research. 3. Research and development in classical biological control with emphasis on the recent introduction of insect parasitoids .......................................20 N. Ris and J.C. Malausa Chapter 4 Registered Biocontrol Products and their use in Europe...................................................34 U. Heilig, P. Delval and B. Blum Chapter 5 Identified difficulties and conditions for field success of biocontrol. 1. Regulatory aspects ................................................................................................. 42 U. Heilig, C. Alabouvette and B.Blum Chapter 6 Identified difficulties and conditions for field success of biocontrol. 2. Technical aspects: factors of efficacy ...........................................................................45 M. Ruocco, S. Woo, F. Vinale, S. Lanzuise and M. Lorito Chapter 7 Identified difficulties and conditions for field success of biocontrol. 3. Economic aspects: cost analysis ....................................................................................58 B. Blum, P.C. Nicot, J. Köhl and M. Ruocco Chapter 8 Identified difficulties and conditions for field success of biocontrol. 4. Socio-economic aspects: market analysis and outlook ..............................................62 B. Blum, P.C. Nicot, J. Köhl and M. Ruocco Conclusions and perspectives Perspectives for future research-and-development projects on biological control of plant pests and diseases.................................................................................. 68 P.C. Nicot, B. Blum, J. Köhl and M. Ruocco vii
Page 1 and 2: IOBC OILB WPRS SROP In te rn atio n
Page 3 and 4: Preface One of the Research Activit
Page 5 and 6: LORITO Matteo UNINA, Dip. Arboricol
Page 7: List of Tables (continued) Table 17
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1 Potential of biological c
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1 To allow for the analysis
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1 Table 4: Microbial specie
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1 Table 4 (continued) T. lo
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1 Table 4 (continued) Cupri
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1 other was aiming at ident
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 2 Table 5: References extra
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 2 Table 6: Biocontrol agent
Page 27 and 28: Table 7 (continued) Chapter 2 Hemip
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 2 Bacillus thuringiensis: 2
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 3 - financial; since the de
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 3 Pathogens and Nematodes a
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 3 [Remark: Estimating the s
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 3 100% 80% 60% P = Phytopha
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 0,25 4 0,20 % dedicated t
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 3 Table 9: Recent introduct
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 3 Table 9: Recent introduct
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 4 The survey was limited to
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 4 Table 11 (continued) Othe
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 4 SCLPs are included in ann
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 4 laminarin is available on
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 5 (EC) No 1109/2009. Tests
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 6 Identified difficulties a
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 6 Table 12: Evidence for, a
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Table 13: Trichoderma-based prepara
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Chapter 6 Many preparations have be
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Chapter 6 Persistence, physiologica
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Chapter 6 Harman, G. E. (2006) Over
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Chapter 6 Sharon, E., Bar-Eyal, M.,
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Chapter 7 purification, formulation
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Chapter 7 Business profitability Co
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Chapter 8 A survey was carried out
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Chapter 8 80 70 60 %of supply %of a
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Chapter 8 efficacy and the price of
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Conclusions and perspectives reduct
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Appendices For Chapter 1 Appendix 1
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Appendix 1 B O Milsana + Brevibacil
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Appendix 1 Strawberry (target patho
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Appendix 1 Fruits - postharvest (ap
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Appendix 1 Legumes (Fabaceae) (targ
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Appendix 1 Miscellaneous crops (tar
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Appendix 1 Lecanicillium muscarium
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Appendix 1 Bedini, S., Bagnoli, G.,
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Appendix 1 Dik, A., and Wubben, J.
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Appendix 1 Gerlagh, M., Amsing, J.
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Appendix 1 Jing, W., Tu, K., Shao,
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Appendix 1 Li, G. Q., Huang, H. C.,
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Appendix 1 Morandi, M. A. B., Maffi
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Appendix 1 Rabea, E. I., Badawy, M.
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Appendix 1 Sutton, J. C., Liu, W.,
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Appendix 1 Zahavi, T., Cohen, L., W
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Appendix 2 Powdery mildew on grapes
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Appendix 2 Powdery mildew on cucurb
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Appendix 2 Askary, H. (1998). Patho
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Appendix 2 Malathrakis, N. E. (2002
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Appendix 3. Inventory of biocontrol
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Appendix 3 References on biocontrol
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Appendix 4. Inventory of biocontrol
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Appendix 4 Grapes (target pathogen
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Appendix 4 References on biocontrol
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Appendix 4 Robak, J., and Ostrowska
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Appendix 5 Cherry (target pathogens
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Appendix 5 Successful inhibition in
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Appendix 5 Smilanick, J. L., Denis-
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Appendix 6 showed protein content o
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Appendix 6 El-Khallal, S. M. (2007)
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Appendix 6 Liu, Q., J. C. Yu, et al
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Appendix 6 of tomato wilt pathogen
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Appendix 6 incognita, respectively.
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Appendix 7. Number of references re
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Appendix 8. Collection of data on a
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Appendix 8 Camporese & Duso, 1996 T
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Appendix 8 8.5 Fungi [5 species] Re
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Appendix 8 Berner & Schnetter, 2002
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Appendix 8 Morandi-Filho et al., 20
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Appendix 8 Marshall D.B. & Lester P
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Appendix 9 9.2. Details on the use
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Appendix 9 References 1. Abd-Rabou
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Appendix 9 50. Gariepy TD, Kuhlmann
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Appendix 9 97. Langewald J, Neuensc
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Appendix 9 146. Roltsch WJ, Meyerdi
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Appendix 10. Substances included in
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Appendix 10 Chemical Dimoxystrobin
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Appendix 10 Chemical Prosulfocarb '
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Appendix 10 Natural other Abamectin
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Appendix 11. Invertebrate beneficia
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Appendix 11 11.2. Invertebrate bioc
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Appendix 11 Coccinella septempuncta
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Appendix 11 Trichogramma brassicae
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Appendix 11 Diglyphus isaea Digline
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