Classical and augmentative biological control against ... - IOBC-WPRS
Classical and augmentative biological control against ... - IOBC-WPRS
Classical and augmentative biological control against ... - IOBC-WPRS
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Appendix 8<br />
Berner &<br />
Schnetter, 2002<br />
Williams et al.,<br />
2002<br />
Heterorhabditis<br />
bacteriophora,<br />
H.bacteriophora<br />
+ Beauveria brongniartii<br />
(fungus)<br />
Heterorhabditis<br />
bacteriophora,<br />
H. zeal<strong>and</strong>ica,<br />
H. marelata, <strong>and</strong><br />
Steinernema carpocapsae<br />
Melolontha melolontha<br />
(European cockchafer)<br />
Vitacea polistiformis<br />
(grape root borer)<br />
Coleoptera:<br />
Scarabeidae<br />
Lepidoptera:<br />
Sesiidae<br />
Germany<br />
Inundative<br />
(soil)<br />
Ohio, USA Inundative Lab<br />
Field + Only under optimum conditions <strong>and</strong><br />
with high doses of nematodes<br />
<strong>control</strong> of grubs could be reached.<br />
New variant for the application of<br />
nematodes proposed.<br />
Greenh<br />
ouse<br />
+<br />
+<br />
H. bacteriophora strains GPS11 <strong>and</strong><br />
Oswego, H. zeal<strong>and</strong>ica strain X1,<br />
<strong>and</strong> H. marelata.<br />
S. carpocapsae strain All less<br />
effective<br />
H. zeal<strong>and</strong>ica strain X1<br />
H. bacteriophora strain GPS11<br />
* + means effective, - means not effective bio<strong>control</strong> agent.<br />
8.7 Bacillus thuringiensis<br />
Reference<br />
B. thuringiensis<br />
subspecies<br />
Species of Insect<br />
pest<br />
Taxonomic<br />
category of<br />
pests<br />
Lepidoptera:<br />
Caroli et al., 1998 subsp. aizawai Lobesia botrana<br />
(grape berry moth) Tortricidae<br />
Keil & Schruft, 1998<br />
L. botrana,<br />
Lepidoptera:<br />
Eupoecilia<br />
Tortricidae<br />
ambiguella<br />
(grape berry moths)<br />
Mor<strong>and</strong>o et al., 1998<br />
L. botrana,<br />
Lepidoptera:<br />
E. ambiguella Tortricidae<br />
Boselli et al., 2000 L. botrana Lepidoptera:<br />
Tortricidae<br />
Fretay & Quenin, 2000 L. botrana Lepidoptera:<br />
Tortricidae<br />
Bagnoli & Lucchi, subsp. kurstaki Cryptoblabes Lepidoptera :<br />
2001<br />
gnidiella<br />
Pyralidae<br />
Boselli & Scannavini,<br />
2001<br />
Neves & Frescata,<br />
2001<br />
subsp. kurstaki<br />
subsp. aizawai<br />
(honey moth)<br />
L. botrana Lepidoptera:<br />
Tortricidae<br />
kurstaki x aizawai L. botrana Lepidoptera:<br />
Tortricidae<br />
Country Type of test Efficacy Additional results <strong>and</strong> information<br />
Emilia-<br />
Romagna, Italy<br />
Field + 90-95% reduction in damage <strong>against</strong> severe pest infestations<br />
comparable to the st<strong>and</strong>ard chemical products.<br />
Lab<br />
4 Bt products (0.2% Bactospeine FC, 0.1 % Delfin, 0.1% Dipel<br />
ES <strong>and</strong> 0.1% Thuricide HP) were compared. The influence of<br />
temperature on the efficacy is discussed.<br />
Toscana, Italy Field +<br />
Piemonte, Italy Field + The efficacy of Bt was compared to 7 insecticides. All the<br />
tested insecticides had a significantly good efficacy.<br />
Emilia- Field<br />
Bt compared to insecticides.<br />
Romagna, Italy<br />
France Field Evaluation of new formularions.<br />
Emilia-<br />
Romagna, Italy<br />
Bairrada,<br />
Portugal<br />
Field<br />
Treatments included Agree (Bt kurstaki <strong>and</strong> aizawi),<br />
flufenoxuron, chlorpyrifos, lufenuron, tebufenozide,<br />
methoxyfenozide, indoxacarb <strong>and</strong> spinosad. The best <strong>control</strong><br />
was obtained with methoxyfenozide, indoxacarb, <strong>and</strong> spinosad.<br />
Field + TUREX was tested to <strong>control</strong> the L. botrana third generation.<br />
Great interest of this Bt product regarding its efficiency <strong>and</strong><br />
persistence based in a correct spray moment determination.<br />
147