Classical and augmentative biological control against ... - IOBC-WPRS

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Giorgini (Appendix for Chapter 2) El-Wakeil et al., 2008 T. evanescens Lobesia botrana (European grape berry moth) * + means effective, - means not effective biocontrol agent. Lepidoptera: Tortricidae Egypt Inundative Field + Parasitism > 97% and reduction percents of infestation reached 96.8% 8.2 Parasitoid Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae [4 species], Pteromalidae [1 species] Reference Species of biocontrol agent Species of insect pest Taxonomic category of pests Walton & Pringle, 1999 Walton & Pringle, 2004 Abd-Rabou, 2005 Daane et al., 2006 Daane et al., 2008 Kapongo et al., 2007 Coccidoxenoides peregrinus (Encyrtidae) Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Encyrtidae) Anagyrus kamali (Encyrtidae) Anagyrus pseudococci (Encyrtidae) Anagyrus pseudococci (Encyrtidae) Muscidifurax raptor (Pteromalidae) Planococcus ficus (vine mealybug) Planococcus ficus (vine mealybug) Maconellicoccus hirsutus Planococcus ficus Planococcus ficus Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) * + means effective, - means not effective biocontrol agent. Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae Cuontry Type of augmentation Type of test Efficacy of biocontrol agents* Additional information and results South Africa Lab Compatibility of fungicides and incompatibility of insecticides with augmentative releases South Africa Inundative Field + Mass release was at least as effective as the chemical control Egypt Inundative Field + It is concluded that the releases of parasitoids were suitable for control. California Inoculative Field + Promising results. Commercial products are not yet available. Israel Inoculative Field + Promising results. Commercial products are not yet available. Diptera: Tephritidae Canada Inundative Field Lab cages + M. raptor constitutes a promising biocontrol agent in vineyards. 8.3 Predators of mites. Acari: Phytoseidae. References Species of biocontrol agent Species of mite pest Boller et al., 1988 Typhlodromus pyri Panonychus ulmi, Tetranychus urticae Taxonomic category of pests Acari: Tetranychidae Country Type of augmentation Type of test Efficacy of biocontrol agents* Additional information and results Switzerland Inoculative Field Inoculative release of T. pyri along with the increase of the internal ecological diversity achieved by proper management of the green cover plants will have a strong influence on predator densities. 142
Appendix 8 Camporese & Duso, 1996 Typhlodromus pyri, Amblyseius andersoni, Kampimodromus aberrans Panonychus ulmi Acari: Tetranychidae Takahashi et al., 1998 Phytoseiulus persimilis Tetranychus kanzawai Acari: Tetranychidae Duso & Vettorazzo, 1999 Kampimodromus aberrans, Typhlodromus pyri Panonychus ulmi, Eotetranychus carpini Calepitrimerus vitis Acari: Tetranychidae Acari: Eriophyidae Marshall & Lester, 2001 Typhlodromus pyri Panonychus ulmi Acari: Tetranychidae Duso et al., 2006 Typhlodromus pyri strain resistant to organophosphates Panonychus ulmi, Eotetranychus carpini Calomerus vitis * + means effective, - means not effective biocontrol agent. Acari: Tetranychidae Acari: Eriophyidae Italy Inoculative Field + Different colonization patterns on three grape varieties (with different pubescent leaf undersurfaces). The high competitiveness of K. aberrans over the other 2 phytoseid species is a major factor in selecting predatory species for inoculative releases. Japan Inundative Field (grape in green house) + Release of P. persimilis onto the grass ground cover in the spring. No chemical control was required. Veneto, Italy Inoculative Field (A) + Releases were successful and the predators became more abundant on the variety with pubescent leaf under-surface. Native A. andersoni were displaced by T. pyri. Field (B) + Two grape varieties with different leaf hair density. T. pyri colonization failed; K. aberrans was more successful on glabrous varieties. K. aberrans displaced native P. finitimus. Ontario, Canada North-eastern Italy Inoculative Field + T. pyri out-competed native Amblyseius fallacies. T. pyri is an effective biocontrol agent and may be introduced by transferring leaves. Inoculative Field 15-years observations. The predator colonized the vineyard and competed successfully with other species. Role of alternative foods, leaf morphology and selective pesticides. 143
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IOBC OILB WPRS SROP In te rn atio n
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Preface One of the Research Activit
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LORITO Matteo UNINA, Dip. Arboricol
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List of Tables (continued) Table 17
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Contents Chapter 1 Potential of bio
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Chapter 1 Potential of biological c
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Chapter 1 To allow for the analysis
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Chapter 1 Table 4: Microbial specie
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Chapter 1 Table 4 (continued) T. lo
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Chapter 1 Table 4 (continued) Cupri
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Chapter 1 other was aiming at ident
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Chapter 2 Table 5: References extra
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Chapter 2 Table 6: Biocontrol agent
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Table 7 (continued) Chapter 2 Hemip
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Chapter 2 Bacillus thuringiensis: 2
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Chapter 3 - financial; since the de
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Chapter 3 Pathogens and Nematodes a
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Chapter 3 [Remark: Estimating the s
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Chapter 3 100% 80% 60% P = Phytopha
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Chapter 3 0,25 4 0,20 % dedicated t
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Chapter 3 Table 9: Recent introduct
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Chapter 3 Table 9: Recent introduct
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Chapter 4 The survey was limited to
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Chapter 4 Table 11 (continued) Othe
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Chapter 4 SCLPs are included in ann
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Chapter 4 laminarin is available on
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Chapter 5 (EC) No 1109/2009. Tests
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Chapter 6 Identified difficulties a
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Chapter 6 Table 12: Evidence for, a
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Table 13: Trichoderma-based prepara
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Chapter 6 Many preparations have be
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Chapter 6 Persistence, physiologica
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Chapter 6 Harman, G. E. (2006) Over
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Chapter 6 Sharon, E., Bar-Eyal, M.,
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Chapter 7 purification, formulation
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Chapter 7 Business profitability Co
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Chapter 8 A survey was carried out
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Chapter 8 80 70 60 %of supply %of a
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Chapter 8 efficacy and the price of
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Conclusions and perspectives reduct
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Appendices For Chapter 1 Appendix 1
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Appendix 1 B O Milsana + Brevibacil
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Appendix 1 Strawberry (target patho
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Appendix 1 Fruits - postharvest (ap
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Appendix 1 Legumes (Fabaceae) (targ
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Appendix 1 Miscellaneous crops (tar
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Appendix 1 Lecanicillium muscarium
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Appendix 1 Bedini, S., Bagnoli, G.,
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Appendix 1 Dik, A., and Wubben, J.
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Appendix 1 Gerlagh, M., Amsing, J.
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Page 103 and 104: Appendix 1 Li, G. Q., Huang, H. C.,
Page 105 and 106: Appendix 1 Morandi, M. A. B., Maffi
Page 107 and 108: Appendix 1 Rabea, E. I., Badawy, M.
Page 109 and 110: Appendix 1 Sutton, J. C., Liu, W.,
Page 111 and 112: Appendix 1 Zahavi, T., Cohen, L., W
Page 113 and 114: Appendix 2 Powdery mildew on grapes
Page 115 and 116: Appendix 2 Powdery mildew on cucurb
Page 117 and 118: Appendix 2 Askary, H. (1998). Patho
Page 119 and 120: Appendix 2 Malathrakis, N. E. (2002
Page 121 and 122: Appendix 3. Inventory of biocontrol
Page 123 and 124: Appendix 3 References on biocontrol
Page 125 and 126: Appendix 4. Inventory of biocontrol
Page 127 and 128: Appendix 4 Grapes (target pathogen
Page 129 and 130: Appendix 4 References on biocontrol
Page 131 and 132: Appendix 4 Robak, J., and Ostrowska
Page 133 and 134: Appendix 5 Cherry (target pathogens
Page 135 and 136: Appendix 5 Successful inhibition in
Page 137 and 138: Appendix 5 Smilanick, J. L., Denis-
Page 139 and 140: Appendix 6 showed protein content o
Page 141 and 142: Appendix 6 El-Khallal, S. M. (2007)
Page 143 and 144: Appendix 6 Liu, Q., J. C. Yu, et al
Page 145 and 146: Appendix 6 of tomato wilt pathogen
Page 147 and 148: Appendix 6 incognita, respectively.
Page 149 and 150: Appendix 7. Number of references re
Page 151: Appendix 8. Collection of data on a
Page 155 and 156: Appendix 8 8.5 Fungi [5 species] Re
Page 157 and 158: Appendix 8 Berner & Schnetter, 2002
Page 159 and 160: Appendix 8 Morandi-Filho et al., 20
Page 161 and 162: Appendix 8 Marshall D.B. & Lester P
Page 163 and 164: Appendix 9 9.2. Details on the use
Page 165 and 166: Appendix 9 References 1. Abd-Rabou
Page 167 and 168: Appendix 9 50. Gariepy TD, Kuhlmann
Page 169 and 170: Appendix 9 97. Langewald J, Neuensc
Page 171 and 172: Appendix 9 146. Roltsch WJ, Meyerdi
Page 173 and 174: Appendix 10. Substances included in
Page 175 and 176: Appendix 10 Chemical Dimoxystrobin
Page 177 and 178: Appendix 10 Chemical Prosulfocarb '
Page 179 and 180: Appendix 10 Natural other Abamectin
Page 181 and 182: Appendix 11. Invertebrate beneficia
Page 183 and 184: Appendix 11 11.2. Invertebrate bioc
Page 185 and 186: Appendix 11 Coccinella septempuncta
Page 187 and 188: Appendix 11 Trichogramma brassicae
Page 193 and 194: Appendix 11 Diglyphus isaea Digline
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