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<strong>Ozone</strong> Generation for Pulp Bleaching<br />
Valencia, Spain: Site of Fall European IOA Conference<br />
OZONE NEWS Volume 35, No. 4 • August, 2007
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
Volume 35, No. 4<br />
Editor:<br />
Barry L. Loeb<br />
OZONE NEWS<br />
August,2007<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> News (ISSN 1065-5905) is a bimonthly publication of the <strong>International</strong><br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong> (IOA). Annual Subscription Rate $150.00. For editorial and<br />
advertising information, please contact:<br />
<strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong>/Editorial Office<br />
9731 Pebble View Drive<br />
Cincinnati, Ohio 45252-2167<br />
Tel./ Fax: (1) 513.385.3906<br />
Email: blloeb@fuse.net<br />
Membership and Publication Information:<br />
The <strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong> is a nonprofit educational and scientific<br />
organization dedicated to the collection and dissemination of information on,<br />
and to promote research in, any and all aspects of <strong>ozone</strong> and related oxygen<br />
species technologies. Membership is open to any individual, corporation, or<br />
organization having interest in the latest developments and advancements in<br />
<strong>ozone</strong> technology.<br />
As a member of the IOA, you will receive bimonthly issues of the <strong>Ozone</strong> News<br />
newsletter, bimonthly issues of the technical journal <strong>Ozone</strong>: Science &<br />
Engineering (OS&E), a listing and copy of Who's Who in <strong>Ozone</strong>, and IOA's<br />
Publication Catalog which includes worldwide conference proceedings,<br />
monographs, and special reprints. In addition, members receive discounts on<br />
IOA worldwide publications and meetings.<br />
Website: www.io3a.org<br />
For membership and publication information, please contact the IOA office<br />
nearest you:<br />
Pan American Group (PAG)<br />
Mr. Paul Overbeck, Executive Director<br />
<strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong>, Pan American Group<br />
PO Box 28873, Scottsdale, AZ 85255<br />
Tel: (1)480-529-3787<br />
Fax: (1)480-473-9068<br />
Email: PaulOverbeck@io3a.org<br />
European-African-Asian-Australasian Group (EA3G)<br />
Mr. François Mauvais, SecretaryTreasurer<br />
<strong>Association</strong> <strong>International</strong>e de l'<strong>Ozone</strong><br />
83 avenue Foch F-75116 Paris, France<br />
Tel: 33 (0) 1 53 70 13 56<br />
Fax: 33 (0) 1 53 70 13 40<br />
Email: francois.mauvais@astee.org<br />
Ms. Beatrice Bernard, Secretariat<br />
IOA-EA3G -ESIP-Plate-Forme Eaux, 40 av. du Recteur Pineau<br />
86022 Poitiers Cedex, France<br />
Tel: 33 (0) 5 49 45 44 54<br />
Fax: 33 (0) 5 49 45 40 60<br />
Email: ioa@esip.univ-poitiers.fr; Web: www.ioa-ea3g.org<br />
--<br />
INSIDE THIS ISSUE<br />
ON THE COVER<br />
A major IOA conference specializing in<br />
agri-food applications is being held in<br />
Valencia Spain. Story on editorial page<br />
and in special insert. (Photo courtesy of<br />
Secretariat of the Orgaization for Security and Cooperation<br />
in Europe)<br />
5 Editor’s Notes<br />
6 INDUSTRY NEWS<br />
- ITT-WEDECO, Air Products Join in<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> Marketing<br />
8 - Applied and Teijin to Cooperate<br />
10 - Audubon Machinery Receives 2007<br />
EPA Environmental Quality Award<br />
11 IOA NEWS<br />
- 17th Japan <strong>Ozone</strong> Annual Conference<br />
15 - Russian Workshop on <strong>Ozone</strong><br />
17 - 5th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> Symposium in<br />
Havana<br />
20 Electrical Energy for <strong>Ozone</strong> Generation<br />
and Application for Pulp Bleaching<br />
24 City Solves Taste and Odor Problem<br />
Through Installation of <strong>Ozone</strong> System<br />
for Primary Disinfection<br />
26 New IOA Members<br />
29 Meetings Calendar<br />
30 Consultants Page<br />
Nippon Islands Group (NIG)<br />
Mr. Hirofumi Takahara<br />
<strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong><br />
Homei Building, 8th Floor<br />
1-3-19 Akasaka<br />
Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan<br />
Tel: (81) 03 3583 5210<br />
Fax: (81) 03 3583 1461<br />
Email: joa@mwd.biglobe.ne.jp<br />
Page 3
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
For latest up-to-date information on<br />
upcoming IOA conferences, please<br />
contact the following.<br />
18th <strong>Ozone</strong> World Congress, August<br />
25-30, 2007<br />
www.io3a.org<br />
or call (+1) 480-529-3787<br />
or email PaulOverbeck@io3a.org<br />
Valencia Conference on <strong>Ozone</strong>/Agri-<br />
Food applications,<br />
October 29-31, 2007<br />
www.io3a.org<br />
or call +33 (0) 5 49 454 060<br />
or email ioa@esip.univ-poitiers.fr<br />
INDEX OF ADVERTISERS<br />
2 AirTree <strong>Ozone</strong> Technology<br />
31 Analytical Technology Inc.<br />
30 Best Sulfur Products<br />
30 Black & Veatch<br />
8,9 BMT Messtechnik GmbH<br />
12 Bodycare Environmental Technologies<br />
30 Bollyky Associates Inc.<br />
13 Camp Dresser & McKee, Inc.<br />
14 Dr. J. Hånsler GmbH<br />
6 Eco Sensors, Inc.<br />
5 ENMET Analytical Instruments<br />
11 IN USA Inc.<br />
30 Innovative <strong>Ozone</strong> Services Inc.<br />
10 Mazzei Injector Corporation<br />
28 OGSI<br />
5 <strong>Ozone</strong> Water Systems<br />
32 Ozonia <strong>International</strong><br />
4 Pacific <strong>Ozone</strong> Technology<br />
7 SeQual Technologies<br />
Copyright© 2007 <strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong>. All rights reserved. No<br />
part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted, or<br />
disseminated in any form or by any means without prior written permission<br />
from the <strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong>. The publisher assumes no<br />
responsibility for any statements of fact or opinion expressed in the published<br />
papers.<br />
Page 4
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
Editor’s Notes<br />
The <strong>cover</strong> page of this issue of <strong>Ozone</strong><br />
News shows the Ciutat des les arts i les<br />
Ciènces (The City of Arts and Sciences) in<br />
Valencia, Spain. This is one of many sites that<br />
visitors to the IOA-EA3G conference titled<br />
“Sustainable Agri-Food Industry Use of <strong>Ozone</strong><br />
& Related Oxidants” will experience during<br />
October 29-31, 2007.<br />
The use of <strong>ozone</strong> in the Agri-Food industry is<br />
growing, with many documented successful<br />
case studies. With the help of the IOA, a<br />
scientific approach is being taken to many<br />
sophisticated applications in using <strong>ozone</strong> as an<br />
anti-microbial agent to treat Agri-Food<br />
products. There have been a number of IOA<br />
sponsored food conferences in the USA; this<br />
conference is the first one in Europe and a large<br />
number of potentially very good papers have<br />
been submitted. I encourage you to try and<br />
attend this conference and enjoy the pleasures<br />
of Spain along with learning more about the<br />
use of <strong>ozone</strong> in this emerging technology.<br />
There is a special insert in this issue with more<br />
information and registration and hotel<br />
information.<br />
We receive much technical data regarding the<br />
uses of <strong>ozone</strong>. Data regarding <strong>ozone</strong><br />
generation efficiency are not so prevalent. In<br />
this issue is an article regarding the use of high<br />
concentration <strong>ozone</strong> for pulp bleaching. This<br />
article presents some efficiency curves for<br />
various types of <strong>ozone</strong> generator dielectrics<br />
and should be useful to many readers.<br />
Barry L. Loeb<br />
Editor-in-Chief<br />
Page 5
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
Industry News<br />
ITT-WEDECO, Air Products join in <strong>ozone</strong><br />
marketing<br />
The WEDECO division of ITT Corp. has signed a joint<br />
marketing agreement with Air Products and Chemicals,<br />
Inc. in which the two companies will jointly market their<br />
complementary <strong>ozone</strong>-related products to the water and<br />
wastewater treatment market, according to a July 16 press<br />
release from the two companies.<br />
Products falling under the agreement will include<br />
containerized oxygen-<strong>ozone</strong> systems, oxygen re<strong>cover</strong>y<br />
systems, and <strong>ozone</strong>-based advanced oxidation systems,<br />
the release said. The companies will introduce their joint<br />
efforts at several water/wastewater treatment industry<br />
trade shows this fall.<br />
ITT-WEDECO focuses on <strong>ozone</strong> and ultraviolet<br />
technologies and is part of the Fluid Technology segment<br />
of ITT, which purchased the former WEDECO AG in<br />
2004. WEDECO’s United States headquarters is in<br />
Charlotte, NC. The Fluid Technology segment is a major<br />
contributor to ITT’s global revenues, and includes Goulds<br />
Pumps.<br />
Air Products is a $9 billion industrial company based in<br />
Allentown, PA, and involved in a number of technologies,<br />
including atmospheric, process and specialty gases.<br />
“Air Products sees water treatment as an important growth<br />
area for the company,” Mike McNallen, vice president for<br />
North American Gases at Air Products, said in the release.<br />
He added, “Working with ITT-WEDECO positions Air<br />
Products well for success in our Water Systems business.”<br />
The agreement will move ITT-WEDECO “into adjacent<br />
applications and technologies beyond our traditional core<br />
products,” according to Mike McGettigan, general<br />
manager for ITT-WEDECO Americas.<br />
Source: Water Technology Online<br />
Page 6
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
Industry News (cont’d)<br />
Applied and Teijin to Cooperate in the<br />
Advanced Water Treatment Technology Market<br />
Applied Process Technology Inc., an industry leader<br />
providing high performance water treatment solutions,<br />
and Teijin Limited based in Tokyo, Japan have concluded<br />
a comprehensive long-term cooperation agreement to<br />
accelerate the commercialization of Applied’s proprietary<br />
HiPOx, PulseOx and Membrane Biofilm Reactor<br />
(MBfR) technologies into all water treatment markets.<br />
The agreement includes an option for Teijin to take<br />
majority control of Applied over time.<br />
Mr. Terry Applebury, CEO of Applied commented, “We<br />
are very pleased with this agreement, as it is a perfect<br />
match of technological synergy between our two<br />
companies moving forward. Teijin will bring a global<br />
scope to Applied’s business.”<br />
In its tenth year, Applied continues its commitment to<br />
developing innovative, cost-effective solutions to address<br />
the globe’s water-related needs. The company is focused<br />
on providing environmentally friendly, waste-free, and<br />
sustainable water solutions to a growing number of<br />
customers in the U.S. and abroad with over 50<br />
commercial systems placed thus far.<br />
• Applied’s HiPOx pump & treat technology utilizes<br />
advanced oxidation and ozonation processes to<br />
destroy a wide variety of volatile organic chemicals<br />
(VOCs) including MtBE and 1,4 Dioxane, and<br />
microcontaminants. “HiPOx PLUS” treats Geosmin,<br />
odor, taste, and color contaminants, and performs<br />
disinfection as well.<br />
• Applied’s PulseOx is an aggressive in-situ<br />
(underground) chemical oxidation technology that<br />
destroys groundwater contaminants directly in the<br />
sub-surface aquifer. As a “smart” gas/liquid delivery<br />
system, the PulseOx process is also employed to<br />
deliver other oxidants and reductants to the<br />
subsurface. Its small footprint and the speed with<br />
which it destroys contaminants make it a solid choice<br />
for time-critical applications.<br />
• Applied’s hydrogen-based hollow-fiber Membrane<br />
Page 8
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
Industry News (cont’d)<br />
Biofilm Reactor (MBfR) technology, licensed from<br />
Northwestern University, is now being showcased at<br />
several commercial municipal water sites in<br />
California. This advanced reduction technology<br />
removes nitrate, perchlorate (rocket fuel) and<br />
chlorinated solvents from contaminated water<br />
sources. The technology is also capable of aiding in<br />
the removal of hexavalent chromium (also known as<br />
hex-chrome) and Selenium as well as providing<br />
advanced nutrient removal from wastewaters.<br />
developments, but we like the fundamentals."<br />
Mr. Nagashima continued, “The cooperation of Applied<br />
with Teijin will undoubtedly give the technology the<br />
opportunity it deserves. This agreement is another step in<br />
Teijin’s strategy to contribute to the society around the<br />
world and it fits our vision of contributing to renewable,<br />
environmentally friendly sustainable processes.”<br />
Mr. Toru Nagashima, CEO of Teijin Ltd, commented,<br />
“We are very pleased to have identified Applied and its<br />
technologies, as Teijin believes that these technologies<br />
have the potential to contribute significantly to the<br />
advance of environmental-friendly natural water cleaning<br />
systems. In particular, Teijin looks at the hydrogen-based<br />
Hollow Fiber Membrane Biofilm Reactor business as a<br />
technology offering the potential of changing the industry<br />
processes on a global basis, although the initial focus will<br />
be on California. It will still require further<br />
Page 9
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
Industry News (cont’d)<br />
Audubon Machinery Receives 2007 EPA<br />
Environmental Quality Award<br />
The 2007 Environmental Quality Award for Industry in<br />
New York was presented to Christopher Collins,<br />
Chairman & CEO of Audubon Machinery Corporation<br />
(OGSI), located in North Tonawanda. Audubon<br />
Machinery was recognized for its efforts in building the<br />
first Green Certified Factory in New York State. The<br />
40,000 square foot factory was built in accordance with<br />
U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) standards as set<br />
forth in the Leadership in Energy and Environmental<br />
Design (LEED) criteria. It was also noted that the factory<br />
was built on a remediated brownfield site previously<br />
known as the Wurlitzer Hazardous Waste Dump Site.<br />
“We are very proud of our accomplishment in becoming<br />
the first Green Factory in New York State”, said<br />
Christopher Collins, Chairman and CEO of Audubon<br />
Machinery. “It was a two year process from the start of<br />
our design to receipt of the USGBC LEED Certification”.<br />
In celebration of Earth Day, the U.S. Environmental<br />
Protection Agency (EPA) honored 16 individuals and<br />
organizations for their efforts to protect the environment<br />
in New York. Regional Administrator Alan J. Steinberg<br />
presented EPA’s Environmental Quality Awards at a<br />
ceremony in EPA’s offices in Manhattan. Mayor Cory<br />
Booker of Newark, NJ delivered the keynote address.<br />
The modern factory built by Audubon Machinery uses 70<br />
percent less electricity than a normal factory of the same<br />
size while still providing adequate light. The building was<br />
constructed with recycled steel, drywall and carpet.<br />
During construction more than 100 tons of material was<br />
diverted out of landfills for recycling.<br />
In presenting the award to Collins, Regional EPA<br />
Administrator Alan J. Steinberg said, “the EPA applauds<br />
the tireless dedication of Environmental Quality Award<br />
winners, who are truly environmental champions. Their<br />
extraordinary contributions make our world a better place<br />
and remind us that individuals really can make a<br />
difference.”<br />
Page 10
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
IOA News<br />
The 17th Japan <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong> Annual<br />
Conference on <strong>Ozone</strong> Science &<br />
Technology<br />
On June 14-15, 2007, the Japan <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong><br />
Annual Conference on <strong>Ozone</strong> Science & Technology was<br />
held at Nigitatsu Kaikan, Matsuyama-city, Ehime<br />
Prefecture, Japan. There were approximately 190<br />
attendees including engineers, researchers, students and<br />
professors including two guests from Korea.<br />
This conference was sponsored by the Water Re-use<br />
Promotion center, Japan Water Works <strong>Association</strong> and<br />
Japan Industrial Water <strong>Association</strong>.<br />
generator design, manufacturing process, bromate<br />
formation and control, industrial applications, sludge<br />
reduction, air applications, municipal sewage treatment,<br />
water reuse and advanced oxidation processes.<br />
Prof. Sugimitsu presented “Safe assessment and<br />
utilization of safety standard for <strong>ozone</strong>” for promotion on<br />
safety usage of <strong>ozone</strong>. This was the fourth time that this<br />
lecture was presented at a JOA conference.<br />
The welcome reception was held in a special room<br />
“Fuyo-no-ma” having around 100 persons on Thursday<br />
evening June 14th at Nigitatsu Kaikan where Prof. Dr.<br />
Tsuno welcomed the all attendees.<br />
Prof. Hiroshi Tsuno, President of the Japan <strong>Ozone</strong><br />
<strong>Association</strong> and a professor of Kyoto University opened<br />
the conference and welcomed all attendees.<br />
Prof. Tsuno opens conference<br />
Thirty seven technical paper presentations and four<br />
poster presentations were given during conference<br />
including invited presentations “ A Waste Water<br />
Treatment on Sewage Effluent for Safety” presented by<br />
Dr. Takao Murakami who is a chief researcher of the<br />
Japan Sewage Works Agency and “Drinking Water<br />
Quality Management for Safety and Reliability”<br />
presented by Mr. Hidekazu Kuraya who is acting head of<br />
drinking water management section, Ministry of Health,<br />
Labor and Welfare.<br />
Topics <strong>cover</strong>ed during the conference included <strong>ozone</strong><br />
generation, disinfection, drinking water purification,<br />
Page 11
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
IOA News (cont’d)<br />
At the conclusion of the conference, a JOA general<br />
assembly and awards ceremony were held.<br />
Following is a partial list of papers presented during the<br />
conference. For information on individual papers or<br />
proceedings (in Japanese), contact the JOA website<br />
joa@mwd.biglobe.ne.jp.<br />
Demonstration Plant Study of Sludge Solubilization<br />
using Ozonation and Alkali Treatment; Hiroshi KUROKI,<br />
Toshiyuki KAMIYA, Teiji SAITOU<br />
Decomposition Properties of Pharmaceuticals by<br />
Ozonation and Advanced Oxidation Process; Yasuhiro<br />
KATO, Takeshi TAKUBO, Hiroaki TANAKA, Ilho KIM<br />
Deterioration of concrete in ozonation process for<br />
wastewater treatment; Jouji YAMAMOTO, Naoki<br />
OSHIMA, Satoshi YAMAUCHI<br />
Effective Ozonation of Secondary Effluents with Initial<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> Demand; Eri HASEGAWA, Harumi YAMADA,<br />
Hiroshi TSUNO<br />
Conference attendees<br />
Ozonation of Treated Sewage for The Cooling Water of<br />
Page 12
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
IOA News (cont’d)<br />
Thermal Power Plant; Kousei SASAKI, Eiji<br />
SAKURABA, Nobuhiro YAMATO, Shigeo<br />
MITSUMA, Seiji YAMANA<br />
Solubilization characteristics of sludge by <strong>ozone</strong>;<br />
Hideaki NAGARE, Hiroshi TSUNO, Pengzhe SUI,<br />
Tsunenari SOYAMA, Wilasinee SAKTAYWIN<br />
Theoretical discussion on initial <strong>ozone</strong> consumption;<br />
Hiroshi TSUNO, Eri HASEGAWA, Taira HIDAKA<br />
Effect of hydroxyl radical on bromate formation<br />
during ozonation; Tomohiro MATSUZAKI, Saburo<br />
SATO, Tomo OIKAWA<br />
Optimizing ozonation control at Inagawa water<br />
treatment plant; Hisakazu YAMANE, Yoshio<br />
OMOTE, Masami OOYA, Shoichi MAEDA<br />
Investigation of both control of bromate formation<br />
and decomposition of odor substance by<br />
<strong>ozone</strong>/hydrogen peroxide treatment with smaller<br />
amount of hydrogen peroxide dose; Nozomu<br />
YASUNAGA, Tokiko YAMAUCHI<br />
Kinetic modeling of odor compounds decomposition<br />
and bromate formation during ozonation with<br />
hydrogen peroxide II; Seiji NODA, Nozomu<br />
YASUNAGA, Tokiko YAMAUCHI<br />
Application of <strong>ozone</strong>/hydrogen peroxide process for<br />
removal of odor compounds under controlling<br />
bromate ion formation; Shinya OHARA, Yuntao<br />
GUAN, Harumi YAMADA, Hiroshi TSUNO, Tadao<br />
MIZUNO<br />
Optimal condition of <strong>ozone</strong>/hydrogen peroxide<br />
process for removal of odor compounds under<br />
controlling bromate ion formation-Model approach;<br />
Tadao MIZUNO, Shinya OHARA, Yuntao GUAN,<br />
Hiroshi TSUNO<br />
Decomposition of dioxins in leachate by AOP<br />
method; Naruaki KADOKAWA, Kenichi<br />
HANAOKA, Nobuhiro YAMATO, Kousei SASAKI<br />
Change in Quality of Alkyl Ether Type Nonionic<br />
Surfactants by <strong>Ozone</strong> / Hydrogen Peroxide Process;<br />
Shibukatsu SHIBATA, Fukushi YAMASHITA, Tomoyuki<br />
SUZUKI, Yuto TAMADA<br />
Treatment of Surfactant in Water using a Pulsed<br />
Discharge; Shou NAKAZAKI, Satoshi IHARA, Chobei<br />
YAMABE<br />
Remediation of Groundwater Containing Petroleum<br />
Hydrocarbons by Permeable Reactive Barriers; Shigeo<br />
HINO, Satoru KAWAKAMI<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong>-Biological Treatment of Persistent Wastewater<br />
containing High Molecular Compound Wastewater;<br />
Hisatomo TORII, Shinya TASAKA, Takashi KOUNO,<br />
Itaru TAKEDA<br />
Page 13
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
IOA News (cont’d)<br />
Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila by <strong>ozone</strong> in a<br />
model circulating bathtub system; Toshifusa DOI,<br />
Masanori FUJITA, Tomihisa YASUOKA, Chiemi<br />
TERAO<br />
tomato plants; Keiko OHASHI, Mizue ISHIDA,<br />
Kazuhiro FUJIWARA<br />
Simple measuring method of high concentrated ozonated<br />
water and utilization; Tomohide SAHO, Masayuki<br />
TODA, Takahiro YONEHARA, Satoru NAKAGAWA,<br />
Makiko MIURA, Senri KOJIMA<br />
Methods for estimating injury level on E.coli inactivated<br />
by ozonation; Xuedan WANG, Masahiro OTAKI<br />
Every successful conference has a dedicated registration<br />
staff.<br />
Guests from Korea: Dr. Ki-hyouong Hong, Korea Food &<br />
Drug Asminstration and Dr. Heesung An. Seoul National<br />
University<br />
Effects of the use of ozonated water for dilution of<br />
concentrated hydroponic stock solution on the growth of<br />
Application of <strong>Ozone</strong> to Chemical Decontamination for a<br />
Reactor Pressure Vessel and the Internals; Masami<br />
ENDA, Masayuki KANEDA, Toshihiro YOSHII,<br />
Nagayoshi ICHIKAWA, Takeshi KANASAKI<br />
Optimal Operation Factor for Separation of Poly(vinyl<br />
Page 14
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
IOA News (cont’d)<br />
chloride)(PVC) from Automobile Shredder Dust by<br />
Selective Surface Modification of Ozonation; Tung-Yueh<br />
TSAI, Keisuke KUROSE, Reddy M. SRINIVASA,<br />
Tetsuji OKUDA, Wataru NISHIJIMA, Mitsumasa<br />
OKADA<br />
Study on <strong>Ozone</strong> generation using Polarized LiTaO 3<br />
Single Crystal; Yoshikazu NAKANISHI, Takuya<br />
FURUBAYASHI, Akikazu TANAKA, Jun KONDO,<br />
Shinzo YOSHIKADO, Yoshiaki ITO<br />
Influence of Discharge Gap Spacer on <strong>Ozone</strong> Generation<br />
and Silent Discharge; Masaaki TANAKA, Noboru<br />
WADA, Koji OHTA, Taichiro TAMIDA<br />
Effect of rise time of applied voltage on <strong>ozone</strong><br />
generation; Ryousuke INUZUKA, Satoshi IHARA,<br />
Chobei YAMABE<br />
Characteristics of Discharge inside Cavitation Bubbles;<br />
Hideaki IKE, Kazunori HAKIAI, Kazuya<br />
HIRABAYASHI<br />
Effect of Gas Components on Decolorization of Blue Dye<br />
Using Surface Discharges on a Thin Water-Layer<br />
Subjected to Repetitive High Voltage Pulse; Kazunori<br />
KADOWAKI, Takahiro AKEHI, Sho MITSUNARI,<br />
Toshifumi SONE, Isamu KITANI<br />
The Difference of the Characteristics due to the Change<br />
of Metal Electrode; Akira MURAI, Satoshi IHARA,<br />
Chobei YAMABE<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> Generator Using Parallel Driving of Piezoelectric<br />
Transformers; Kenji TERANISHI, Haruo ITOH, Susumu<br />
SUZUKI<br />
Electrochemical <strong>ozone</strong> generation by a metal oxide<br />
electrode and its measurement; Kenta KITSUKA,<br />
Kazuhiro KANEDA, Takeo OHSAKA, Mineo<br />
IKEMATSU, Masahiro ISEKI, Ahamad M.<br />
MOHAMMAD, Mohamed Ismail AWAD<br />
Practical Use of Energy-Saving Type <strong>Ozone</strong> Generator<br />
derived from a Catalysis electrode; Akira MURAI<br />
A study of <strong>Ozone</strong> Composing Elements Using a Device<br />
of Surface Discharge; Akira MURAI, Satoshi IHARA,<br />
Chobei YAMABE<br />
Electrochemical <strong>ozone</strong> generation by a tantalum oxide<br />
electrode; Kazuhiro KANEDA, Takeyo TSUKAMOTO,<br />
Toru HIGUCHI, Takeshi HATTORI, Takahiro<br />
YONESAKI, Masahiro ISEKI, Kenta KITSUKA, Mineo<br />
IKEMATSU<br />
Complete oxidation of benzene in gas phase over<br />
manganese-based catalysts - Investigation of factors<br />
controlling catalytic activities; Hisahiro EINAGA,<br />
Yasutake TERAOKA, Atsushi OGATA<br />
Removal of air pollutants by O 3 by diesel engine exhaust;<br />
Masashi KAWAHARA, Makoto SENDA, Masaharu<br />
TSUJI<br />
Russian Workshop on <strong>Ozone</strong><br />
On June 7, 2007, the regular 29th Russian Workshop on<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> and other Environment friendly Oxidants. Science<br />
and Technologies (OEO) was held at the Chemistry<br />
Department of Moscow State University (MSU) in<br />
Moscow. 72 participants (producers, consumers and<br />
investigators) took part in the Workshop. 13 papers<br />
focusing on production and application of <strong>ozone</strong> were<br />
presented at this workshop.<br />
D.D. Medvedev (Kurchatov Institute, Moscow) in his<br />
lecture reported on <strong>ozone</strong> production by means of the<br />
new type of <strong>ozone</strong> generator which utilized humid air.<br />
Usage of special impulse feeding and electrodes allows<br />
reaching an <strong>ozone</strong> concentration of 20 g/m 3 . As<br />
emphasized by the author, at the same time many <strong>ozone</strong><br />
generators successfully operate today in small-sized<br />
engines for water purification.<br />
Investigators from the Moscow Institute of Steel and<br />
Alloys described a new process using <strong>ozone</strong> and<br />
hydrogen peroxide (peroxone) to treat sulfide<br />
concentrates leaching in sulfuric acid medium. The<br />
process is effective and carried out under atmospheric<br />
pressure and moderate temperatures. This appears to be a<br />
much more environmentally friendly process than other<br />
techniques available.<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> interactions with a solid phase substrate were<br />
described in four reports:<br />
• In the work of N.N. Rozhkova, L.E. Gorlenko, G.I.<br />
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<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
IOA News (cont’d)<br />
Emel’yanova and V.V. Lunin (Geology Institute of<br />
Kareliya NC RAN, MSU) the influence of <strong>ozone</strong> on<br />
the structure and physical and chemical properties of<br />
ultra-dispersed diamond formations (UDD) and<br />
schungite carbon (SHU) was investigated. These<br />
compounds demonstrated high catalytic activity in<br />
the process of <strong>ozone</strong> decomposition. Ozonation was<br />
shown to result in selective removal of the graphen<br />
<strong>cover</strong>ing of UDD diamond core. These data were<br />
confirmed by IR spectra. <strong>Ozone</strong> interaction with<br />
SHU induces essential changes of structure<br />
parameters: increasing of structural nano-size pores.<br />
This result distinguishes SHU from UDD.<br />
• The collaborators of Voronezh NII of synthetic and<br />
natural caoutchouc (L.A.Vlasova and P.T. Poluektov)<br />
reported on the developing an ecologically friendly<br />
modification of unsaturated synthetic and natural<br />
caoutchoucs in latexes by means of controllable<br />
ozonolysis. Ozonolysis is accompanied by<br />
introduction of terminal carboxyl and aldehyde<br />
groups into the elastomer molecule. The development<br />
and testing of the pilot <strong>ozone</strong>-catalytic mode of full<br />
destruction of styrole in the air-gas outbursts of<br />
emulsive caoutchouc industry were also noted in the<br />
report.<br />
• The investigation of aspen wood delignification by<br />
<strong>ozone</strong> was presented by the authors from the<br />
Chemistry Department of (MSU) and Altai’ State<br />
University (N.A. Mamleeva, C.A. Autlov, N.G.<br />
Bazarnova, V.V. Lunin). This work was conducted in<br />
connection with the problem of wood delignification<br />
for cellulose materials production. Variation of the<br />
sample humidity allowed reaching the different<br />
delignification degrees. The authors found the<br />
ozonation conditions for achievement of the residual<br />
lignin content to be 1.7%. To increase the<br />
effectiveness of the softwood delignification by<br />
<strong>ozone</strong> a number of improvements of the ozonation<br />
process were considered.<br />
• The report of the author group from ZAO (Moscow<br />
ozonizers) and (GIUVNIIZ) was devoted to the<br />
technological <strong>ozone</strong> usage in food industry for grain<br />
as well as for agro-industrial complex<br />
decontamination based on movable <strong>ozone</strong> complex<br />
(MOC). The main parameters of MOC are the<br />
following: output on <strong>ozone</strong> - up to 400g/h, <strong>ozone</strong><br />
concentration – up to 100 g/m 3 , power consumption –<br />
till 14 kW. MOC includes a movable oxygen station<br />
operating on VSA principle. The authors reported on<br />
successful tests of MOC at the grinding industrial<br />
complex with high disinfection effect. The<br />
destruction of flour beetle and rice weevil came to<br />
100%. At the same time <strong>ozone</strong> concentration did not<br />
exceed maximum concentration limit (MCL-<br />
0.1mg/m 3 ).<br />
The report of V.P. Chelibanov and N.P. Domin was<br />
devoted to developing and testing the device based on the<br />
chemiluminescence of singlet oxygen induced by<br />
substituted anthracene. The high reactivity of singlet<br />
oxygen and its important role in all plant and animal life<br />
is well known. Furthermore, its role is also essential for<br />
physical and chemical processes in the upper layers of the<br />
atmosphere as well as for chemistry of low layers of<br />
atmospheric contamination. However, mostly the solution<br />
of the problems connected with the determination of<br />
singlet oxygen in a number of oxidation processes is<br />
retarded by the absence of devices for registration of low<br />
(similar to the natural) concentrations of O 2 . The<br />
device was constructed by the firm OPTEK. It<br />
characterizes by high selectivity and sensitivity. Reserve<br />
of the device operation in the concentration range 0 – 500<br />
ppb is more than 10,000 hours.<br />
A group of investigators from FGUP RFYaC - VNIIF<br />
(Sarov -town) reported on redox potential and UV-spectra<br />
of ozonated redistilled water and physiological solution.<br />
The discrepancy between redox potential and UV-spectra<br />
stimulated considerable interest and discussion. Different<br />
hypothesizes and explanations of these data were<br />
advanced.<br />
A 30th anniversary Workshop with a more<br />
comprehensive program is planned to be held in June of<br />
2008. This Workshop will be devoted to the ninetieth<br />
birthday of professor Yu.V. Filippov (MSU), who was one<br />
of the creators of <strong>ozone</strong> generation electric theory.<br />
Detailed information about the Workshop is available on<br />
the Internet: http://www.rus-<strong>ozone</strong>-assoc.ru/seminar.htm<br />
Reported by Dr. Vadim G. Sanoilovich<br />
Page 16
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
5th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> Symposium in<br />
Havana<br />
Dr. Tomás Moreira Hernández, the Director of the <strong>Ozone</strong><br />
Research Center, opened the symposium and welcomed<br />
all delegates. A special welcome went to HE Mosibudi<br />
Mangena, Ministre of Science and Technology, South<br />
Africa and his delegation.<br />
A hearty welcome went also to Dr. Renate Viebahn<br />
(Germany), a well-known researcher with high<br />
appreciation in all lines <strong>cover</strong>ing <strong>Ozone</strong> in Medicine. Last<br />
but not least with a “warm welcome to our house” went<br />
to Hansruedi Naef (Switzerland), who attended since<br />
1990 as a trustee of IOA at all the 5 <strong>Ozone</strong> Conferences<br />
in Cuba, as well as Dr. Siegfried Schulz (Germany) who<br />
has also attended all the Congresses organized by the<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> Research Center and has offered his help in the<br />
<strong>ozone</strong> therapy preclinical studies.<br />
Conference Center “Club Habana”<br />
On April 23-26, 2007 the 5th Symposium on <strong>Ozone</strong><br />
Applications was held in the Conference Centre “Club<br />
Habana” in Havana City. The Symposium was organized<br />
by the <strong>Ozone</strong> Research Centre and the National Centre<br />
for Scientific Research in Havana.<br />
The Opening Ceremony was accompanied by the singer<br />
Rosita Fornés, a famous artist in Cuba, well-known in<br />
Film and Television.<br />
There were 160 attendees from 17 countries. Beside 65<br />
attendees from Cuba 95 attendees were mainly from<br />
South American countries but also from Spain, Germany,<br />
Italy, Egypt, Ukraine etc.<br />
Opening Address<br />
Reception after the opening ceremony<br />
Technical and Scientific Program<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> in Medicine<br />
Opening Ceremony of the Conference<br />
Three days of medical <strong>ozone</strong> was in itself quite a<br />
challenge: a tightly packed program with highly valuable<br />
contributions from basic research, animal and cell<br />
models, a series of clinically controlled studies and a<br />
large number of case studies. Congratulations are due to<br />
the organizers for their careful selection and skilled<br />
presentation of the contributions, all of which ensured the<br />
high level of the whole meeting.<br />
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<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
Cuba Conference (cont’d)<br />
And it is just because “Medical <strong>Ozone</strong>” has still not found<br />
a firm place in complementary medicine, its therapeutic<br />
application is still subject to controversy and mistrust by<br />
a number of skeptics, that we can be particularly happy<br />
for the chance to find a firm scientific basis in the field<br />
of fundamental research which this Cuban <strong>Ozone</strong><br />
Congress has provided.<br />
With a total of just over 90 contributions, most of them<br />
able to claim a scientific foundation, this Congress has<br />
indeed made a highly important contribution to “Medical<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong>”.<br />
But, after 3 days of <strong>ozone</strong>, even its most hard-boiled<br />
supporters need time to sit back and digest what they have<br />
seen and heard; so perhaps the number of presentations<br />
ought to be reduced and more time given to discussion.<br />
But this would be, really, the only criticism of an<br />
otherwise highly successful congress.<br />
Other <strong>Ozone</strong> Applications<br />
Beside of the various sessions on <strong>Ozone</strong> in Medicine, the<br />
5th <strong>International</strong> Symposium was accompanied with a<br />
very interesting Poster Exhibition and also with various<br />
sessions on other <strong>Ozone</strong> Applications. With the<br />
participation of delegates from various countries they<br />
have presented new features and advances on different<br />
fields such as: landfill and industrial leachates, which are<br />
highly contaminant, drinking water, domestic and<br />
industrial wastewater and others.<br />
Attendees at medical seminars<br />
In the same way as those confirmed again and again<br />
worldwide, remarkable clinical results were obtained,<br />
which have once more proved the rationale of medical<br />
<strong>ozone</strong> as a priority discipline. Here too, the Cuban group<br />
has contributed to a major extent, which is reflected in the<br />
large number of publications in internationally<br />
recognized and reviewed scientific journals. You just have<br />
to look at the list for what you want!<br />
It seems that the up regulation of antioxidants at the cell<br />
level, which primarily and causally participate in the<br />
clinical results obtained in the treatment of diabetes and<br />
in rheumatology, are at the core of clinical success with<br />
medical O 3 .<br />
Correspondingly, the principal subjects of clinical interest<br />
are here: concomitant or adjuvant therapy in the treatment<br />
of cancer, the use of <strong>ozone</strong> in orthopedics, pain<br />
management, in chronic inflammatory disease and in<br />
rheumatology; equally, in inflammatory vascular diseases<br />
such as those suffered by diabetes patients, which indeed<br />
belong to the “classical” <strong>ozone</strong> indications.<br />
Subjects were discussed from sanitation and treatment for<br />
those waters for their safe disposal to the environment to<br />
air disinfection in hospitals and hotels.<br />
Cuba has a high level of basic research, and a scientific<br />
development theoretically supported as well as in the<br />
application and technological development in these<br />
subjects.<br />
Social Events<br />
On Tuesday afternoon all delegates were invited in<br />
Guayasamin’s house, situated in old Havana to a very nice<br />
jewelry performance, organized by three goldsmiths.<br />
Various pieces of jewelry were shown by some beautiful<br />
ballet-dancers. It was a very impressive performance.<br />
After a short sightseeing through the nice Habana Vieja<br />
the delegates were invited to another highlight, a concert<br />
in the Basilica Menor de San Francisco de Asís. The<br />
Church of San Francisco is now a concert hall. Dating<br />
back to the early 18th century, still in Baroque style, its<br />
interior is now spectacular, with stained glass windows.<br />
There is no doubt the fact that the famous Baroque<br />
musical group Ars Longa has given a concert in medieval<br />
music from the 16th to 17th century.<br />
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<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
Cuba Conference (cont’d)<br />
• Dr. Renate Viebahn “Presented to the noticeable role<br />
displayed in the <strong>Ozone</strong> Medical Applications all over the<br />
world”<br />
• Hansruedi Naef “With due respect and high<br />
appreciation as regards to the full support and<br />
contribution an every and each need presented by our<br />
centre”and also to:<br />
• Dr. Siegfried Schulz “Pursuant to the remarkable aids<br />
and assistance to the <strong>Ozone</strong> Research Centre in the field<br />
of preclinical studies connected to <strong>ozone</strong> therapy”<br />
Concert in the Basilica Menor de San Francisco de Asís.<br />
Closing Event<br />
The closing event took place in the “Habana Club”<br />
restaurant of the conference centre. After the lunch and an<br />
open-bar the delegates were entertained disco-music.<br />
Closing luncheon<br />
Special Thanks<br />
Special awards given to Dr. Renate Viebahn, Hansruedi<br />
Naef and Dr. Siegfried Schultz<br />
The farewell words were pronounced by Dra. Silvia<br />
Menéndez, organizing secretary of the Symposium. As a<br />
special surprise was the hand over of a Special Award<br />
issued by the National Centre for Scientific Research and<br />
the <strong>Ozone</strong> Research Centre of Cuba to the following IOA<br />
Honorary Members:<br />
Many thanks are offered to Dr. Carlos Gutiérrez Calzado,<br />
General Director of the National Centre for Scientific<br />
Research, to Dr. Tomás Moreira Hernández, Director of<br />
the <strong>Ozone</strong> Research Centre, to Dra. Silvia Menéndez<br />
Cepero and Dr. Frank Hernández Rosales who were<br />
responsible for making this symposium a success. Also<br />
many thanks to all the co-workers helping in the<br />
background.<br />
See you again in spring 2010! Hasta la vista en 2010!<br />
Reported by Hansruedi Naef and Renate Viebahn<br />
Page 19
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
Electrical Energy for <strong>Ozone</strong> Generation and Application for Pulp<br />
Bleaching<br />
Pierre-André Liechti. Technical Director <strong>Ozone</strong>, Degrémont Technologies Ltd<br />
Bernhard Paolini. Technical Vice President, Degrémont Technologies Ltd<br />
Pierre.liechti@degtec.com<br />
Introduction and Summary<br />
Some 20 years ago, <strong>Ozone</strong> was considered, from an<br />
ecological point of view, to be a possible candidate for the<br />
bleaching of pulp, in replacement for chlorine, in a<br />
combination-competition approach with other bleaching<br />
chemicals, such as Chlorine Dioxide, Hydrogen Peroxide<br />
and per-Acetic Acid.<br />
However, <strong>Ozone</strong> was at that time considered as<br />
expensive, both from the point of view of investment as<br />
well as for excessive consumption of electrical energy.<br />
Add to that the losses in the power supply unit of the<br />
<strong>ozone</strong> generator and the additional losses in the electrical<br />
energy supply mains due to a large amount of exchange<br />
of reactive energy and a non negligible content of<br />
harmonics in the current consumed by the <strong>ozone</strong><br />
generator.<br />
Improvements had to be implemented,<br />
• with respect to the <strong>ozone</strong> generation process itself<br />
and<br />
• with the supply of electrical energy to the <strong>ozone</strong><br />
generator.<br />
Today these improvements have given to <strong>Ozone</strong> its<br />
“Label of Nobleness”, not only from the point of view of<br />
consumption of electrical energy, reliability and<br />
availability, but <strong>Ozone</strong> is now also recognized as an<br />
efficient chemical for pulp bleaching.<br />
However, when evaluating <strong>Ozone</strong> for pulp bleaching, the<br />
following facts must also be taken into consideration:<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> is normally applied, after delignification with<br />
Oxygen “O”- and Chlorine Dioxide “D”-stages, in a<br />
bleaching sequence consisting of washing- and Chlorine<br />
Dioxide “D1 –D2”-stages.<br />
• The oxidation potential of <strong>Ozone</strong> “Z”, as an indicator<br />
for its oxidation and bleaching strength, amounts to<br />
2.1 Volts and is 40 % higher than that of Chlorine<br />
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<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
Dioxide “D”. In a “ZD” or “DZ” pulp bleaching<br />
sequence, this reality, supported by feed back from<br />
pulp mills using these sequences, leads to the<br />
“Replacement Factor” of up to one (1) <strong>Ozone</strong> “O” for<br />
two (2) Chlorine dioxide “D” in weight<br />
• As far as the consumption of electrical energy is<br />
concerned, both <strong>Ozone</strong> and Chlorine Dioxide are<br />
more or less equivalent, when also considering the<br />
electrical energy required for oxygen generation with<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> and chlorate with Chlorine Dioxide<br />
• A major part of the Oxygen used as the gas for <strong>Ozone</strong><br />
generation and carrying can after the “Z”-stage be<br />
reused in an Oxygen delignification stage “O”, for<br />
extraction in an “EoP”-Washing stage, for wastewater<br />
treatment and possibly also for White Liquor<br />
Oxidation ”WLO” .<br />
These three (3) above facts add to the efficiency of <strong>Ozone</strong><br />
and the other chemicals involved. They provide a major<br />
advantageous contribution to the consumption and<br />
balance of electrical energy, not only by <strong>Ozone</strong> for pulp<br />
bleaching, but for the whole pulp delignification and<br />
bleaching process.<br />
As a summary, and this applies to all chemical process<br />
sequences, system optimization is “of the essence” for<br />
reducing the consumption of electrical energy.<br />
The contribution of <strong>Ozone</strong> for a technically better, more<br />
efficient and environmentally sound pulp delignification<br />
and bleaching process is therefore threefold:<br />
1. Intrinsic improvement of the electrical efficiency of<br />
an <strong>ozone</strong> generator as implemented by Degrémont<br />
Technologies-Ozonia and described in the two (2)<br />
next paragraphs,<br />
2. Optimization of chemical usage for delignification<br />
and bleaching, and<br />
3. Oxygen reuse in the mill.<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> Generator Improvements<br />
The <strong>Ozone</strong> Generator “OZG” with Degrémont<br />
Technologies-Ozonia’s “IGS” (Intelligent Gap<br />
System)<br />
An <strong>ozone</strong> generator is basically an electrical machine,<br />
which transforms electrical energy into chemical energy<br />
and heat.<br />
The key element of this physical transformation process<br />
is the <strong>ozone</strong> generation cell, made of a several dielectrics<br />
and a gas gap, where an electrical discharge transforms a<br />
substantial part of the oxygen contained in a dry and void<br />
of pollutants oxygen carrying gas into <strong>ozone</strong>.<br />
An <strong>ozone</strong> generator is made of a large number of these<br />
cells, from one to several hundreds.<br />
The areas which were hit for improvement are:<br />
» Quality of the oxygen carrying gas, by switching<br />
from air to oxygen, allowing for <strong>ozone</strong><br />
concentrations of up to 14 % by weight, with the<br />
result of a much lower carrier gas demand and<br />
consequently a dramatic reduction of the<br />
consumption of electrical energy for its preparation<br />
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<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
» Material of the dielectric, by abandoning the classical<br />
chemical borosilicate glass in favor of special<br />
ceramics much more adapted to efficient <strong>ozone</strong><br />
generation<br />
» Segmentation of the dielectric allowing for a smaller<br />
gap, resulting in improved cooling conditions, for a<br />
cooling water temperature as high as 32 °C, and as a<br />
consequence the elimination of a chilled water<br />
system<br />
» Variable gap allowing for optimized distribution of<br />
the electric discharge power density.<br />
o Since the electrical current drawn from the mains<br />
by the “MODIPAC” PSU is practically<br />
sinusoidal, the amount of current harmonics<br />
rejected into the mains is very low, additional line<br />
losses are therefore also mitigated. The amount<br />
of mains voltage distortion “VTHD” is less than<br />
3%.<br />
An additional feature is the fact that the risk of electrical<br />
resonances with other users of electrical energy<br />
connected to the same line is eliminated; therefore the<br />
risk of damage to electrical equipment is non existent.<br />
Dielectric segmentation and variable discharge gap are<br />
the key features of Degrémont Technologies-Ozonia’s<br />
“IGS” (Intelligent Gap System) leading to a dramatic<br />
reduction in the consumption of electrical energy.<br />
» Optimization of the quality of the electrical energy<br />
supplied to the <strong>ozone</strong> generator, relating to the shapes<br />
of the electrical voltage and current as well as voltage<br />
peak value and operation frequency.<br />
One more feature is the protection of each individual<br />
<strong>ozone</strong> generation cell with a fuse guaranteeing a very<br />
high availability level of 98%+.<br />
Modular “MODIPAC” Power Supply Unit<br />
“PSU” with Front- and Back-end “IGBT” power<br />
electronic technology<br />
The improvements can be summarized as follows:<br />
» At the OZG side (Back-End), Ozonia’s<br />
“MODIPAC” PSU with IGBT (Insulated Gate<br />
Bipolar Transistor) power semi-conductor devices<br />
provides electrical energy adapted to a more efficient<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> generation as far as current and voltage wave<br />
shape and peak values, and operation frequency are<br />
concerned.<br />
More so, since IGBTs allow for a higher and more<br />
optimum operation frequency, the peak value of the<br />
applied voltage is so low that the electrical stress on the<br />
“IGS” dielectrics is almost completely mitigated.<br />
» At the 3-phase supply mains of electrical energy side,<br />
the Front-End, the IGBT voltage converter provides<br />
the following improvements:<br />
o Power factor “PF” and is practically equal to<br />
“one” (1), with the consequence that practically<br />
no reactive energy is exchanged with the supply<br />
mains and therefore no additional line losses are<br />
to be expected<br />
When considering the fact that an <strong>Ozone</strong> generator<br />
producing 100 kgO 3 /h at a concentration of 12 %O 3 by<br />
weight in oxygen consumes 0.88 MW at the supply mains<br />
(as will be seen here after), the above considerations are<br />
of paramount importance and must be addressed<br />
carefully.<br />
Improvement and Characteristics of<br />
Consumption of Electrical Energy of Degrémont<br />
Technologies-Ozonia’s MODIPAC and IGS<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> Generator<br />
The graph on the following page shows the improvement<br />
achieved in <strong>Ozone</strong> generation efficiency by means of<br />
continuous research and development carried on by<br />
Ozonia over the last 20 years.<br />
The improvement in efficiency of <strong>Ozone</strong> generation can<br />
be seen from two (2) aspects:<br />
1. In the lower range of <strong>Ozone</strong> concentrations, where<br />
the old “CT” and “IGS” technologies overlap (6.0<br />
to 8.0 % by Weight), the improvement is dramatic and<br />
amounts to a 40 % consumption reduction of<br />
electrical energy at the supply mains<br />
2. But the improvement has to be looked at mainly with<br />
respect to the much higher achievable <strong>Ozone</strong><br />
concentrations, enabling optimization of the whole<br />
Page 22
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> system, including also Oxygen generation and<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> application, which is particularly important<br />
for a Medium Consistency “MC” pulp bleaching<br />
stage, which requires an <strong>Ozone</strong> partial pressure of<br />
one (1) bar or more, resulting in the need of<br />
compressing the <strong>Ozone</strong> gas to up to 13 bar abs.<br />
Degrémont Technologies-Ozonia’s <strong>Ozone</strong> gas<br />
compression technology for the “MC”-process is <strong>Ozone</strong><br />
loss-free, therefore also contributing to lowering the<br />
consumption of electrical energy.<br />
The typical <strong>Ozone</strong> concentration at which an <strong>Ozone</strong> pulp<br />
bleaching stage generally operates is 12 % by weight, for<br />
both a Medium Consistency “MC” or a High Consistency<br />
“HC” stage.<br />
At this concentration, the specific consumption of<br />
electrical energy at the mains amounts to:<br />
8.8 kWh/kgO 3 (cooling water temperature of 20 °C)<br />
With an <strong>Ozone</strong> charge of 5.0 kgO 3 /ADMT, ADMT stands<br />
for Air Dried Metric Ton, the specific consumption of<br />
electrical energy amounts therefore to:<br />
44.0 kWh/ADMT.<br />
Considering a cost of EUR 0.15 per kWh gives a cost of<br />
EUR 6.6 per ADMT.<br />
Conclusions<br />
Page 23<br />
The improvement achieved in <strong>Ozone</strong> generation<br />
efficiency to suit the needs of the pulp industry has been<br />
tremendous in the last 20 years, and Degrémont<br />
Technologies-Ozonia, in accordance with its tradition of<br />
seeking innovation and improvement, continues to do<br />
research and development in this field.<br />
The main technological steps which were so far<br />
instrumental in achieving today’s state of the art of very<br />
efficient <strong>Ozone</strong> generation are:<br />
» Segmented ceramic dielectrics and variable discharge<br />
gap, Degrémont Technologies-Ozonia’s “IGS”<br />
(Intelligence Gap System)<br />
» IGBT semi-conductor power electronics both at the<br />
front- and back-end of the power supply unit,<br />
Degrémont Technologies-Ozonia’s “MODIPAC”<br />
PSU.<br />
As for any chemical process, a pulp bleaching sequence<br />
optimization is also being made possible with:<br />
» Achieving much higher <strong>Ozone</strong> concentrations by<br />
using oxygen as the carrier gas<br />
» Reuse of the vent oxygen of the <strong>Ozone</strong> stage<br />
» “ZD” or “DZ” sequence optimization by considering<br />
the possibility of a Replacing Factor one (1) “Z” for<br />
up to two (2) “D” by weight<br />
» <strong>Ozone</strong> loss-free compression of the <strong>Ozone</strong> gas for the<br />
Medium Consistency “MC” <strong>Ozone</strong> bleaching<br />
process.
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
City Solves Taste and Odor Problem Through Installation of <strong>Ozone</strong><br />
System for Primary Disinfection<br />
--Also Dramatically Reduces TTHM’s and HAA5’s, While Eliminating Carbon Feeding--<br />
Table 1a: Disinfection Requirements<br />
Minimum treatment:<br />
Bacteria 2-Log removal<br />
Viruses 2-Log removal<br />
Giardia 0.5 Log removal<br />
Cryptosporidium (Bin 2) 1.0-Log Removal<br />
TOC 25% Removal<br />
Disinfection Byproducts:<br />
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM)
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
technology that could perform oxidation treatment as<br />
well,” Rood recalled. “In addition, we were concerned<br />
about the state’s Surface Water Treatment Rule that was<br />
already implemented when we started planning in 2002.<br />
We knew there would be an issue of future disinfection of<br />
Cryptosporidium to unknown concentration levels, and<br />
we wanted the city to be ready with a treatment method<br />
already in place.”<br />
Originally commissioned in 1969, the design 6 MGD,<br />
average 2.8 MGD SWTP is fed by a 1200-acre lake, nine<br />
miles from the plant, through a 24-in. line. It has solid<br />
contact basins for coagulation and sedimentation, and a<br />
dual-media filtering system. In addition to establishing<br />
<strong>ozone</strong> as the primary disinfection system, the 2004<br />
renovation included change-out of the filter media;<br />
addition of domes over the basins; new chemical feed<br />
equipment; and air scour to aid in the filter backwash<br />
process.<br />
The taste and odor problem emerged in late 2002 in spite<br />
of chlorine fed at the head of the plant, and powder<br />
activated carbon (PAC) fed upstream of that. An attempt<br />
to solve the problem by adding batch-mixed potassium<br />
permanganate at 10-15 ppm added a color problem, while<br />
hydrogen peroxide was ineffective at the 1-2 ppm levels<br />
needed to avoid the removal of chlorine. Unusual freezing<br />
of the lake had escalated the issue, by not allowing the<br />
lake to off-gas as it should during normal decay of<br />
vegetation. In any case, it was the first time the plant had<br />
not been able to control taste and odor. Ultraviolet (UV)<br />
disinfection was then being considered as a new primary<br />
or secondary technique, along with a different feed point<br />
for the chlorine.<br />
“UV had worked in other states, but the state of Kansas<br />
had not yet allowed disinfection log credits for it,” said<br />
Defore. “They were looking at it pretty strong, but were<br />
still on the fence with it, and it was time for us to get<br />
started.<br />
“Meanwhile, further reduction of TTHM’s and HAA5’s<br />
was also an issue. We had already stopped feeding<br />
chlorine at the lake to reduce chlorine contact time with<br />
the total organic compounds (TOC)---the precursor for<br />
TTHM’s and HAA5’s--- prior to enhanced coagulation<br />
and sedimentation. We preferred not to try chlorine<br />
dioxide, because of our operators’ lack of confidence in<br />
the reliability of the generators, and we were also<br />
concerned about the by-products associated with it. So we<br />
started to seriously consider <strong>ozone</strong>.<br />
“We were very encouraged by the City of Emporia’s (KS)<br />
10 years of experience with it, in a much larger plant than<br />
ours,” Defore said. “We decided to put it in not just to<br />
solve the taste and odor problem, which could have been<br />
a pre-disinfection treatment, but to serve as our primary<br />
disinfection system.”<br />
In considering <strong>ozone</strong> system vendors, Defore had noted a<br />
major distinction among them.<br />
“Ultimately, the plant renovation was a typical<br />
design/bid/build project, with three vendors considered<br />
separately for the <strong>ozone</strong> part,” he explained. “The vendor<br />
we chose for the <strong>ozone</strong> had a very competitive price, but<br />
more importantly, we expected the best possible service<br />
from a company that was trying hard at the time to get<br />
established in the U.S. And they were also guaranteeing<br />
the dielectric and other key parts for 10 years.<br />
“That was very important to us, because it would allow us<br />
five years just to learn how to take care of the routine<br />
maintenance and total operation for a technology that was<br />
new to us. We’re very pleased with the way it’s turned out<br />
since the installation in July of 2004. They’ve visited<br />
every six months within the service contract to help us<br />
develop ongoing preventive maintenance, and not much<br />
has happened in between visits that couldn’t be fixed by<br />
a phone call. Nothing has caused them to make an<br />
unscheduled visit.”<br />
To help assure continuous delivery of <strong>ozone</strong> for<br />
disinfection, the <strong>ozone</strong> generators feature patented, selfhealing<br />
dielectric tubes designed to allow for continued<br />
operation of the dielectric surface during failure of a<br />
segment. The generators were manufactured by<br />
Mitsubishi Electric Corp. of Kobe, Japan, with system<br />
design, installation, and ongoing service provided by its<br />
subsidiary, Mitsubishi Electric Power Products Inc. of<br />
Warrendale, PA.<br />
Source: Mitsubishi Electric Power Products, Inc.;<br />
Potable Water Disinfection News.<br />
Page 25
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
NEW IOA MEMBERS<br />
The <strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong> takes great pleasure in welcoming our new members<br />
CANADA<br />
Annie Carriére<br />
École Polytechnique de Montréal<br />
C.P. 6079 Succ. Centre Ville<br />
Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7<br />
Tel: 514-340-4711<br />
Fax: 514-340-5918<br />
annie.carriere@polymtl.ca<br />
Garland Chang<br />
Aquasym Environmental Solutions, Inc.<br />
10 Brisco St.<br />
Vaughan, Ontario L4K 3 C6<br />
Tel: 647-244-7575<br />
Fax: 905-761-3243<br />
gchang@aquasym.ca<br />
Vaughan Martin<br />
Regional Municipality of Halton<br />
1151 Bronte Rd.<br />
Oakville, Ontario L6M 3L1<br />
Tel: 905-638-1654<br />
Fax: 905-625-0267<br />
Vaughan.martin@halton.ca<br />
EGYPT<br />
Dr. Ali RAMADAN<br />
1, El Sabah St.<br />
El Daher<br />
CAIRO<br />
Tel. +20 12 369 73 04<br />
dr_aramadan@hotmail.com<br />
ITALY<br />
Mr. Angelo ARNABOLDI<br />
Via Marco Polo 127/12<br />
Viareggio 55049<br />
Tel. +39 (0) 58 440 7057<br />
Fax. +39 (0) 58 440 7058<br />
angelo.arnaboldi@studioarnaboldi.it<br />
MEXICO<br />
German Gasio Glyka<br />
Grupo BNG<br />
Priv. Del Encino 5217<br />
Fracc. Encino Real<br />
Monterrey, Nuevo León 64988<br />
Tel: +52 81 8104 1957<br />
Fax: +52 81 8104 1957<br />
ggasio1@yahoo.com.mx<br />
MONACO<br />
Mr. Richard MILLETT<br />
Le Granada<br />
28 boulevard de Belgique<br />
MONTE CARLO<br />
MC 98000<br />
Tel. +377 93 50 45 20<br />
Fax. +377 97 70 54 15<br />
rm@monaco.mc<br />
PHILIPPINES<br />
Dr. Rey ACIS<br />
Binalabag<br />
Olingan<br />
Dipolog City 7100<br />
Tel. +63 9262995133<br />
homeo.dplg@yahoo.com<br />
UNITED KINGDOM<br />
Mr. Craig BOOTH<br />
CTL Engineering<br />
Cromwell rd. Bredbury<br />
Stockport. Cheshire<br />
SK6 2RH<br />
Tel. +44 01614303173<br />
Fax. +44 01614308643<br />
cwb@ctl-eng.com<br />
Mr. Peter DUNKLEY<br />
STERITROX Ltd<br />
The Old Stables, Upper End<br />
Birlingham, Nr. Pershore<br />
Worcestershire<br />
WR10 3AA<br />
Tel. +44 1386 751800<br />
Fax. +44 560 1135 707<br />
peter.dunkley@steritrox.co.uk<br />
Mr. Peter TOWNLEY<br />
STERITROX Ltd<br />
The Old Stables, Upper End<br />
Birlingham, Nr. Pershore<br />
Worcestershire<br />
WR10 3AA<br />
Tel. +44 1386 751800<br />
Fax. +44 560 1135 707<br />
peter.townley@steritrox.co.uk<br />
Ms. Detanra MAK<br />
JLA Ltd<br />
Meadowcroft Lane<br />
Ripponden<br />
HX6 4AJ<br />
dmak@otex.co.uk<br />
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA<br />
Charles J. Borg<br />
Applied Process Technology<br />
3333 Vincent Road, Suite 222<br />
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523<br />
Tel: 925-977-1811<br />
Fax: 925-977-1818<br />
cborg@aptwater.com<br />
Demetrious Cutino<br />
SFPUC<br />
2901 Crystal Springs Rd.<br />
San Bruno, CA 94066<br />
Tel: 650-808-3810<br />
Fax: 650-871-0317<br />
dcutino@sfwater.org<br />
Page 26
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
New IOA Members (cont’d)<br />
Tom Daugherty<br />
Blue Water Technologies Inc.<br />
10450 N. Airport Drive<br />
Hayden, ID 83835<br />
Tel: 208-209-0391<br />
Fax: 208-209-0396<br />
William C. Domb<br />
190 N Mountain Ave.<br />
Upland, CA 91786<br />
Tel: 909-981-6400<br />
Fax: 909-981-7582<br />
wmdomb@verizon.net<br />
Erin Farland<br />
City of Napa – Water Treatment Plants<br />
270 Kirland Ranch Rd.<br />
Napa, CA 94558<br />
Tel: 707-253-0822<br />
Fax: 707-253-1225<br />
Glen Galtere<br />
City of Vallejo-Water Division<br />
202 Fleming Hill Rd.<br />
Vallejo, CA 94589<br />
Tel: 707-648-5344<br />
Fax: 707-437-7135<br />
ggaltere@ci.vallejo.ca.us<br />
Serge Guilhemjouan<br />
ITT- Water and Wastewater<br />
14125 South Bridge Circle<br />
Charlotte, NC 28273<br />
Tel:704-409-9700<br />
Fax:704-409-9839<br />
Serge.Guilhemjouoan@itt.com<br />
Doug Gustafson<br />
Applied Process Technology<br />
3333 Vincent Road, Suite 222<br />
Pleasant Hill, Ca 94523<br />
Tel: 925-977-1811<br />
Fax: 925-977-1818<br />
cgustafson@aptwater.com<br />
Brad Jewel<br />
Orlando Utilities Commission<br />
P.O.Box 3193<br />
Orlando, FL 32802<br />
Tel: 407-384-4051<br />
Fax: 407-384-4113<br />
bjewell@ouc.com<br />
Martin King<br />
Restoration Industry <strong>Association</strong><br />
640 S. 19th St.<br />
Arlington, VA 22202<br />
Tel: 703-979-3410<br />
Fax: 703-979-7537<br />
martinch@erols.com<br />
Michael Larmon<br />
Action <strong>Ozone</strong>, Inc.<br />
197 Barn Own Dr.<br />
Hampshire, IL 60140<br />
Tel: 847-6830-7505<br />
Fax: 847-6830-7506<br />
mike@action<strong>ozone</strong>.com<br />
Naiko Munakata<br />
LA County Sanitation Districts<br />
1955 Workman Hill Road<br />
Whittier, CA 90601<br />
Tel: 562-699-7411<br />
Fax: 562-908-4293<br />
nmunakata@lacsd.org<br />
Issam Najim, Ph. D.<br />
WQTS, Inc.<br />
11800 Eddleston Dr.<br />
Northridge, CA 91326<br />
Tel: 818-366-8340<br />
Fax: 818-366-8347<br />
Issam.najim@wqts.com<br />
Turan Ramadan<br />
City of Napa – Water Treatment Plants<br />
270 Kirland Ranch Rd.<br />
Napa, CA 94558<br />
Tel: 707-253-0822<br />
Fax: 707-253-1225<br />
tramadan@citiyofnapa.org<br />
Keel Robinson<br />
Applied Process Technology, Inc.<br />
323 East Matilija St., #110<br />
Ojai, CA 93023<br />
Tel: 805-649-5796<br />
Fax: 805-649-5947<br />
krobinson@aptwater.com<br />
Page 27<br />
C. J. Strain<br />
Blue Water Technologies Inc.<br />
10450 N. Airport Drive<br />
Hayden, ID 83835<br />
Tel: 208-209-0391<br />
Fax: 208-209-0396<br />
cjstrain@blueh2o.net<br />
Tim Tarner<br />
City of Napa – Water Treatment Plants<br />
270 Kirland Ranch Rd.<br />
Napa, CA 94558<br />
Tel: 707-253-0822<br />
Fax: 707-253-1225<br />
Dave Volkenand<br />
Blue Water Technologies Inc.<br />
10450 N. Airport Drive<br />
Hayden, ID 83835<br />
Tel: 208-209-0391<br />
Fax: 208-209-0396<br />
Kristina Warren<br />
CDM<br />
11811 NE 1st Street, Suite 201<br />
Bellevue, WA 98005<br />
Tel: 425-453-8383<br />
Fax: 425-646-9523<br />
warrenkl@cdm.com<br />
YEMEN<br />
Mr. Mohamed ALHASNI<br />
Masaaben Street<br />
Sh. Othman<br />
Aden PO Box 2332<br />
ADEN<br />
Tel. +011 (967-2) 393828<br />
Fax. +011 (967-2) 386508<br />
trade@<strong>ozone</strong>me.com
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
Meetings Calendar<br />
Upcoming IOA Meetings<br />
2007<br />
August 25-30, 2007, World Congress on <strong>Ozone</strong> and<br />
Ultraviolet Technologies comprising the 18th <strong>Ozone</strong><br />
World Congress and the 4th <strong>International</strong> Congress on<br />
Ultraviolet Technologies (sponsored by the <strong>International</strong><br />
Ultraviolet <strong>Association</strong>), Hyatt Regency Century Plaza,<br />
Los Angeles, California .<br />
This will be the first joint Congress on Ultraviolet and<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> Technologies. There will be sessions on <strong>Ozone</strong><br />
Technologies, UV Technologies, and the combining of<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> and UV technologies and advanced oxidation.<br />
The congress will include three full days of technical<br />
presentations followed by a day of local technical tours.<br />
Topics presented will include:<br />
• <strong>Ozone</strong> pretreatment to enhance the performance of<br />
UV disinfection systems<br />
• Combined <strong>ozone</strong> and UV treatment of food and<br />
beverages<br />
• Combined <strong>ozone</strong> and UV treatment of air to remove<br />
pollutants<br />
• Emerging water and wastewater contaminants<br />
• Regulatory update<br />
For more information visit www.io3a.org.<br />
October 29-31, 2007, Sustainable Agri-Food Industry<br />
Use of <strong>Ozone</strong> & Related Oxidants. <strong>International</strong><br />
Conference & Exhibition, Valencia, Spain. This<br />
conference is being co-organized by the IOA EA3G<br />
Group and the Research <strong>Association</strong> on Food Industry,<br />
AINIA.<br />
This conference will focus on:<br />
• Food Safety and Quality<br />
• Water Use & Reuse<br />
• Current Research<br />
• System Design<br />
• Regulatory Status<br />
• Air Treatment<br />
• In-field developments<br />
• Product developments<br />
• Wash water<br />
• Soil treatment<br />
• Case studies<br />
For more information: Conference and registration<br />
information is included with this issue of <strong>Ozone</strong> News.<br />
Information is also available on the EA3G website:<br />
www.io3a.org.<br />
2009<br />
August 31- September 2, 2009, 19th <strong>Ozone</strong> World<br />
Congress, Tokyo Japan. The congress will end with a<br />
technical/sightseeing tour to Kyoto. See future issues of<br />
<strong>Ozone</strong> News for more information.<br />
Upcoming Meetings of Other Organizations<br />
2007<br />
September 12-14, 2007, Fourth Global Water Congress,<br />
Mexico City, Mexico. Information:<br />
www.zenithinternational.com<br />
October 2-4, 2007, World Aquatic HealthTM Conference<br />
2007, Cincinnati, OH. Information: www.nspf.com<br />
October 9-12, 2007, V AQUA Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine,<br />
Information: www.iec-expo.com.ua<br />
October 13-17, 2007, WEFTEC 07, 80th Annual<br />
Exhitibion and Conference, San Diego, CA.<br />
Information: www.weftec.org<br />
October 15-19, 2007, <strong>International</strong> Bottled Water<br />
<strong>Association</strong> Convention and Tabletop Tradeshow, Las<br />
Vegas Nevada. Information: www.bottled water.org.<br />
October 21-25, 2007, <strong>International</strong> Water Conference,<br />
Orlando, FL. Information: www.eswp.com/water<br />
October 30-November 1, 2007, Fourth Annual Water<br />
Technologies & Environmental Control Exhibition and<br />
Conference, Tel Aviv, Israel, Information:<br />
www.watec-israel.com<br />
Page 29
<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />
Upcoming Meetings (cont’d)<br />
November 4-8, 2007, AWWA Water Quality Technology<br />
Conference, Charlotte, NC. Information:<br />
www.awwa.org<br />
November 4-9, 2007, AIChE Annual Meeting, Salt<br />
Palace Convention Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.<br />
Information: www.aiche.org<br />
November 14-16, 2007, Water Expo 2007, Mumbai,<br />
India. Information: www.watertoday.org/expo2007/<br />
December 5-7, 2007, 59th Annual NGWA Ground Water<br />
Expo, Orlando, FL. Information: www.ngwa.org<br />
2008<br />
February 9-12, 2008, Aquaculture America 2008, Lake<br />
Buena Vista, FL. Information: www.was.org<br />
March 11-14, 2008, SMAGUA 2008 18th <strong>International</strong><br />
Water and Environment Exhibition, Zaragoza, Spain.<br />
Information: www.smagua.es<br />
March 26-28, 2008, WQA Aquatech 2008, Las Vegas,<br />
NV. Information: www.aquatechtrade.com<br />
May 5-9, 2008, IFAT 2008, Munich, Germany,<br />
Information: www.ifat.de<br />
June 8-12, 2008, AWWA Annual Conference &<br />
Exposition, Atlanta, GA. Information: www.awwa.org<br />
October 10-14, 2008, WEFTEC 09, Orange County<br />
Convention Center, Orlando, FL. Information:<br />
www.weftec.org<br />
Page 30
ISSN 1065-5905<br />
<strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong>/Editorial Office<br />
P. O. Box 28873<br />
Scottsdale, AZ 85255<br />
Tel: 480-529-3787<br />
Fax: 480-473-9068<br />
Email: info@io3a.org