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<strong>Ozone</strong> Generation for Pulp Bleaching<br />

Valencia, Spain: Site of Fall European IOA Conference<br />

OZONE NEWS Volume 35, No. 4 • August, 2007


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

Volume 35, No. 4<br />

Editor:<br />

Barry L. Loeb<br />

OZONE NEWS<br />

August,2007<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> News (ISSN 1065-5905) is a bimonthly publication of the <strong>International</strong><br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong> (IOA). Annual Subscription Rate $150.00. For editorial and<br />

advertising information, please contact:<br />

<strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong>/Editorial Office<br />

9731 Pebble View Drive<br />

Cincinnati, Ohio 45252-2167<br />

Tel./ Fax: (1) 513.385.3906<br />

Email: blloeb@fuse.net<br />

Membership and Publication Information:<br />

The <strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong> is a nonprofit educational and scientific<br />

organization dedicated to the collection and dissemination of information on,<br />

and to promote research in, any and all aspects of <strong>ozone</strong> and related oxygen<br />

species technologies. Membership is open to any individual, corporation, or<br />

organization having interest in the latest developments and advancements in<br />

<strong>ozone</strong> technology.<br />

As a member of the IOA, you will receive bimonthly issues of the <strong>Ozone</strong> News<br />

newsletter, bimonthly issues of the technical journal <strong>Ozone</strong>: Science &<br />

Engineering (OS&E), a listing and copy of Who's Who in <strong>Ozone</strong>, and IOA's<br />

Publication Catalog which includes worldwide conference proceedings,<br />

monographs, and special reprints. In addition, members receive discounts on<br />

IOA worldwide publications and meetings.<br />

Website: www.io3a.org<br />

For membership and publication information, please contact the IOA office<br />

nearest you:<br />

Pan American Group (PAG)<br />

Mr. Paul Overbeck, Executive Director<br />

<strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong>, Pan American Group<br />

PO Box 28873, Scottsdale, AZ 85255<br />

Tel: (1)480-529-3787<br />

Fax: (1)480-473-9068<br />

Email: PaulOverbeck@io3a.org<br />

European-African-Asian-Australasian Group (EA3G)<br />

Mr. François Mauvais, SecretaryTreasurer<br />

<strong>Association</strong> <strong>International</strong>e de l'<strong>Ozone</strong><br />

83 avenue Foch F-75116 Paris, France<br />

Tel: 33 (0) 1 53 70 13 56<br />

Fax: 33 (0) 1 53 70 13 40<br />

Email: francois.mauvais@astee.org<br />

Ms. Beatrice Bernard, Secretariat<br />

IOA-EA3G -ESIP-Plate-Forme Eaux, 40 av. du Recteur Pineau<br />

86022 Poitiers Cedex, France<br />

Tel: 33 (0) 5 49 45 44 54<br />

Fax: 33 (0) 5 49 45 40 60<br />

Email: ioa@esip.univ-poitiers.fr; Web: www.ioa-ea3g.org<br />

--<br />

INSIDE THIS ISSUE<br />

ON THE COVER<br />

A major IOA conference specializing in<br />

agri-food applications is being held in<br />

Valencia Spain. Story on editorial page<br />

and in special insert. (Photo courtesy of<br />

Secretariat of the Orgaization for Security and Cooperation<br />

in Europe)<br />

5 Editor’s Notes<br />

6 INDUSTRY NEWS<br />

- ITT-WEDECO, Air Products Join in<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> Marketing<br />

8 - Applied and Teijin to Cooperate<br />

10 - Audubon Machinery Receives 2007<br />

EPA Environmental Quality Award<br />

11 IOA NEWS<br />

- 17th Japan <strong>Ozone</strong> Annual Conference<br />

15 - Russian Workshop on <strong>Ozone</strong><br />

17 - 5th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> Symposium in<br />

Havana<br />

20 Electrical Energy for <strong>Ozone</strong> Generation<br />

and Application for Pulp Bleaching<br />

24 City Solves Taste and Odor Problem<br />

Through Installation of <strong>Ozone</strong> System<br />

for Primary Disinfection<br />

26 New IOA Members<br />

29 Meetings Calendar<br />

30 Consultants Page<br />

Nippon Islands Group (NIG)<br />

Mr. Hirofumi Takahara<br />

<strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong><br />

Homei Building, 8th Floor<br />

1-3-19 Akasaka<br />

Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan<br />

Tel: (81) 03 3583 5210<br />

Fax: (81) 03 3583 1461<br />

Email: joa@mwd.biglobe.ne.jp<br />

Page 3


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

For latest up-to-date information on<br />

upcoming IOA conferences, please<br />

contact the following.<br />

18th <strong>Ozone</strong> World Congress, August<br />

25-30, 2007<br />

www.io3a.org<br />

or call (+1) 480-529-3787<br />

or email PaulOverbeck@io3a.org<br />

Valencia Conference on <strong>Ozone</strong>/Agri-<br />

Food applications,<br />

October 29-31, 2007<br />

www.io3a.org<br />

or call +33 (0) 5 49 454 060<br />

or email ioa@esip.univ-poitiers.fr<br />

INDEX OF ADVERTISERS<br />

2 AirTree <strong>Ozone</strong> Technology<br />

31 Analytical Technology Inc.<br />

30 Best Sulfur Products<br />

30 Black & Veatch<br />

8,9 BMT Messtechnik GmbH<br />

12 Bodycare Environmental Technologies<br />

30 Bollyky Associates Inc.<br />

13 Camp Dresser & McKee, Inc.<br />

14 Dr. J. Hånsler GmbH<br />

6 Eco Sensors, Inc.<br />

5 ENMET Analytical Instruments<br />

11 IN USA Inc.<br />

30 Innovative <strong>Ozone</strong> Services Inc.<br />

10 Mazzei Injector Corporation<br />

28 OGSI<br />

5 <strong>Ozone</strong> Water Systems<br />

32 Ozonia <strong>International</strong><br />

4 Pacific <strong>Ozone</strong> Technology<br />

7 SeQual Technologies<br />

Copyright© 2007 <strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong>. All rights reserved. No<br />

part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted, or<br />

disseminated in any form or by any means without prior written permission<br />

from the <strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong>. The publisher assumes no<br />

responsibility for any statements of fact or opinion expressed in the published<br />

papers.<br />

Page 4


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

Editor’s Notes<br />

The <strong>cover</strong> page of this issue of <strong>Ozone</strong><br />

News shows the Ciutat des les arts i les<br />

Ciènces (The City of Arts and Sciences) in<br />

Valencia, Spain. This is one of many sites that<br />

visitors to the IOA-EA3G conference titled<br />

“Sustainable Agri-Food Industry Use of <strong>Ozone</strong><br />

& Related Oxidants” will experience during<br />

October 29-31, 2007.<br />

The use of <strong>ozone</strong> in the Agri-Food industry is<br />

growing, with many documented successful<br />

case studies. With the help of the IOA, a<br />

scientific approach is being taken to many<br />

sophisticated applications in using <strong>ozone</strong> as an<br />

anti-microbial agent to treat Agri-Food<br />

products. There have been a number of IOA<br />

sponsored food conferences in the USA; this<br />

conference is the first one in Europe and a large<br />

number of potentially very good papers have<br />

been submitted. I encourage you to try and<br />

attend this conference and enjoy the pleasures<br />

of Spain along with learning more about the<br />

use of <strong>ozone</strong> in this emerging technology.<br />

There is a special insert in this issue with more<br />

information and registration and hotel<br />

information.<br />

We receive much technical data regarding the<br />

uses of <strong>ozone</strong>. Data regarding <strong>ozone</strong><br />

generation efficiency are not so prevalent. In<br />

this issue is an article regarding the use of high<br />

concentration <strong>ozone</strong> for pulp bleaching. This<br />

article presents some efficiency curves for<br />

various types of <strong>ozone</strong> generator dielectrics<br />

and should be useful to many readers.<br />

Barry L. Loeb<br />

Editor-in-Chief<br />

Page 5


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

Industry News<br />

ITT-WEDECO, Air Products join in <strong>ozone</strong><br />

marketing<br />

The WEDECO division of ITT Corp. has signed a joint<br />

marketing agreement with Air Products and Chemicals,<br />

Inc. in which the two companies will jointly market their<br />

complementary <strong>ozone</strong>-related products to the water and<br />

wastewater treatment market, according to a July 16 press<br />

release from the two companies.<br />

Products falling under the agreement will include<br />

containerized oxygen-<strong>ozone</strong> systems, oxygen re<strong>cover</strong>y<br />

systems, and <strong>ozone</strong>-based advanced oxidation systems,<br />

the release said. The companies will introduce their joint<br />

efforts at several water/wastewater treatment industry<br />

trade shows this fall.<br />

ITT-WEDECO focuses on <strong>ozone</strong> and ultraviolet<br />

technologies and is part of the Fluid Technology segment<br />

of ITT, which purchased the former WEDECO AG in<br />

2004. WEDECO’s United States headquarters is in<br />

Charlotte, NC. The Fluid Technology segment is a major<br />

contributor to ITT’s global revenues, and includes Goulds<br />

Pumps.<br />

Air Products is a $9 billion industrial company based in<br />

Allentown, PA, and involved in a number of technologies,<br />

including atmospheric, process and specialty gases.<br />

“Air Products sees water treatment as an important growth<br />

area for the company,” Mike McNallen, vice president for<br />

North American Gases at Air Products, said in the release.<br />

He added, “Working with ITT-WEDECO positions Air<br />

Products well for success in our Water Systems business.”<br />

The agreement will move ITT-WEDECO “into adjacent<br />

applications and technologies beyond our traditional core<br />

products,” according to Mike McGettigan, general<br />

manager for ITT-WEDECO Americas.<br />

Source: Water Technology Online<br />

Page 6


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

Industry News (cont’d)<br />

Applied and Teijin to Cooperate in the<br />

Advanced Water Treatment Technology Market<br />

Applied Process Technology Inc., an industry leader<br />

providing high performance water treatment solutions,<br />

and Teijin Limited based in Tokyo, Japan have concluded<br />

a comprehensive long-term cooperation agreement to<br />

accelerate the commercialization of Applied’s proprietary<br />

HiPOx, PulseOx and Membrane Biofilm Reactor<br />

(MBfR) technologies into all water treatment markets.<br />

The agreement includes an option for Teijin to take<br />

majority control of Applied over time.<br />

Mr. Terry Applebury, CEO of Applied commented, “We<br />

are very pleased with this agreement, as it is a perfect<br />

match of technological synergy between our two<br />

companies moving forward. Teijin will bring a global<br />

scope to Applied’s business.”<br />

In its tenth year, Applied continues its commitment to<br />

developing innovative, cost-effective solutions to address<br />

the globe’s water-related needs. The company is focused<br />

on providing environmentally friendly, waste-free, and<br />

sustainable water solutions to a growing number of<br />

customers in the U.S. and abroad with over 50<br />

commercial systems placed thus far.<br />

• Applied’s HiPOx pump & treat technology utilizes<br />

advanced oxidation and ozonation processes to<br />

destroy a wide variety of volatile organic chemicals<br />

(VOCs) including MtBE and 1,4 Dioxane, and<br />

microcontaminants. “HiPOx PLUS” treats Geosmin,<br />

odor, taste, and color contaminants, and performs<br />

disinfection as well.<br />

• Applied’s PulseOx is an aggressive in-situ<br />

(underground) chemical oxidation technology that<br />

destroys groundwater contaminants directly in the<br />

sub-surface aquifer. As a “smart” gas/liquid delivery<br />

system, the PulseOx process is also employed to<br />

deliver other oxidants and reductants to the<br />

subsurface. Its small footprint and the speed with<br />

which it destroys contaminants make it a solid choice<br />

for time-critical applications.<br />

• Applied’s hydrogen-based hollow-fiber Membrane<br />

Page 8


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

Industry News (cont’d)<br />

Biofilm Reactor (MBfR) technology, licensed from<br />

Northwestern University, is now being showcased at<br />

several commercial municipal water sites in<br />

California. This advanced reduction technology<br />

removes nitrate, perchlorate (rocket fuel) and<br />

chlorinated solvents from contaminated water<br />

sources. The technology is also capable of aiding in<br />

the removal of hexavalent chromium (also known as<br />

hex-chrome) and Selenium as well as providing<br />

advanced nutrient removal from wastewaters.<br />

developments, but we like the fundamentals."<br />

Mr. Nagashima continued, “The cooperation of Applied<br />

with Teijin will undoubtedly give the technology the<br />

opportunity it deserves. This agreement is another step in<br />

Teijin’s strategy to contribute to the society around the<br />

world and it fits our vision of contributing to renewable,<br />

environmentally friendly sustainable processes.”<br />

Mr. Toru Nagashima, CEO of Teijin Ltd, commented,<br />

“We are very pleased to have identified Applied and its<br />

technologies, as Teijin believes that these technologies<br />

have the potential to contribute significantly to the<br />

advance of environmental-friendly natural water cleaning<br />

systems. In particular, Teijin looks at the hydrogen-based<br />

Hollow Fiber Membrane Biofilm Reactor business as a<br />

technology offering the potential of changing the industry<br />

processes on a global basis, although the initial focus will<br />

be on California. It will still require further<br />

Page 9


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

Industry News (cont’d)<br />

Audubon Machinery Receives 2007 EPA<br />

Environmental Quality Award<br />

The 2007 Environmental Quality Award for Industry in<br />

New York was presented to Christopher Collins,<br />

Chairman & CEO of Audubon Machinery Corporation<br />

(OGSI), located in North Tonawanda. Audubon<br />

Machinery was recognized for its efforts in building the<br />

first Green Certified Factory in New York State. The<br />

40,000 square foot factory was built in accordance with<br />

U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) standards as set<br />

forth in the Leadership in Energy and Environmental<br />

Design (LEED) criteria. It was also noted that the factory<br />

was built on a remediated brownfield site previously<br />

known as the Wurlitzer Hazardous Waste Dump Site.<br />

“We are very proud of our accomplishment in becoming<br />

the first Green Factory in New York State”, said<br />

Christopher Collins, Chairman and CEO of Audubon<br />

Machinery. “It was a two year process from the start of<br />

our design to receipt of the USGBC LEED Certification”.<br />

In celebration of Earth Day, the U.S. Environmental<br />

Protection Agency (EPA) honored 16 individuals and<br />

organizations for their efforts to protect the environment<br />

in New York. Regional Administrator Alan J. Steinberg<br />

presented EPA’s Environmental Quality Awards at a<br />

ceremony in EPA’s offices in Manhattan. Mayor Cory<br />

Booker of Newark, NJ delivered the keynote address.<br />

The modern factory built by Audubon Machinery uses 70<br />

percent less electricity than a normal factory of the same<br />

size while still providing adequate light. The building was<br />

constructed with recycled steel, drywall and carpet.<br />

During construction more than 100 tons of material was<br />

diverted out of landfills for recycling.<br />

In presenting the award to Collins, Regional EPA<br />

Administrator Alan J. Steinberg said, “the EPA applauds<br />

the tireless dedication of Environmental Quality Award<br />

winners, who are truly environmental champions. Their<br />

extraordinary contributions make our world a better place<br />

and remind us that individuals really can make a<br />

difference.”<br />

Page 10


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

IOA News<br />

The 17th Japan <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong> Annual<br />

Conference on <strong>Ozone</strong> Science &<br />

Technology<br />

On June 14-15, 2007, the Japan <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong><br />

Annual Conference on <strong>Ozone</strong> Science & Technology was<br />

held at Nigitatsu Kaikan, Matsuyama-city, Ehime<br />

Prefecture, Japan. There were approximately 190<br />

attendees including engineers, researchers, students and<br />

professors including two guests from Korea.<br />

This conference was sponsored by the Water Re-use<br />

Promotion center, Japan Water Works <strong>Association</strong> and<br />

Japan Industrial Water <strong>Association</strong>.<br />

generator design, manufacturing process, bromate<br />

formation and control, industrial applications, sludge<br />

reduction, air applications, municipal sewage treatment,<br />

water reuse and advanced oxidation processes.<br />

Prof. Sugimitsu presented “Safe assessment and<br />

utilization of safety standard for <strong>ozone</strong>” for promotion on<br />

safety usage of <strong>ozone</strong>. This was the fourth time that this<br />

lecture was presented at a JOA conference.<br />

The welcome reception was held in a special room<br />

“Fuyo-no-ma” having around 100 persons on Thursday<br />

evening June 14th at Nigitatsu Kaikan where Prof. Dr.<br />

Tsuno welcomed the all attendees.<br />

Prof. Hiroshi Tsuno, President of the Japan <strong>Ozone</strong><br />

<strong>Association</strong> and a professor of Kyoto University opened<br />

the conference and welcomed all attendees.<br />

Prof. Tsuno opens conference<br />

Thirty seven technical paper presentations and four<br />

poster presentations were given during conference<br />

including invited presentations “ A Waste Water<br />

Treatment on Sewage Effluent for Safety” presented by<br />

Dr. Takao Murakami who is a chief researcher of the<br />

Japan Sewage Works Agency and “Drinking Water<br />

Quality Management for Safety and Reliability”<br />

presented by Mr. Hidekazu Kuraya who is acting head of<br />

drinking water management section, Ministry of Health,<br />

Labor and Welfare.<br />

Topics <strong>cover</strong>ed during the conference included <strong>ozone</strong><br />

generation, disinfection, drinking water purification,<br />

Page 11


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

IOA News (cont’d)<br />

At the conclusion of the conference, a JOA general<br />

assembly and awards ceremony were held.<br />

Following is a partial list of papers presented during the<br />

conference. For information on individual papers or<br />

proceedings (in Japanese), contact the JOA website<br />

joa@mwd.biglobe.ne.jp.<br />

Demonstration Plant Study of Sludge Solubilization<br />

using Ozonation and Alkali Treatment; Hiroshi KUROKI,<br />

Toshiyuki KAMIYA, Teiji SAITOU<br />

Decomposition Properties of Pharmaceuticals by<br />

Ozonation and Advanced Oxidation Process; Yasuhiro<br />

KATO, Takeshi TAKUBO, Hiroaki TANAKA, Ilho KIM<br />

Deterioration of concrete in ozonation process for<br />

wastewater treatment; Jouji YAMAMOTO, Naoki<br />

OSHIMA, Satoshi YAMAUCHI<br />

Effective Ozonation of Secondary Effluents with Initial<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> Demand; Eri HASEGAWA, Harumi YAMADA,<br />

Hiroshi TSUNO<br />

Conference attendees<br />

Ozonation of Treated Sewage for The Cooling Water of<br />

Page 12


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

IOA News (cont’d)<br />

Thermal Power Plant; Kousei SASAKI, Eiji<br />

SAKURABA, Nobuhiro YAMATO, Shigeo<br />

MITSUMA, Seiji YAMANA<br />

Solubilization characteristics of sludge by <strong>ozone</strong>;<br />

Hideaki NAGARE, Hiroshi TSUNO, Pengzhe SUI,<br />

Tsunenari SOYAMA, Wilasinee SAKTAYWIN<br />

Theoretical discussion on initial <strong>ozone</strong> consumption;<br />

Hiroshi TSUNO, Eri HASEGAWA, Taira HIDAKA<br />

Effect of hydroxyl radical on bromate formation<br />

during ozonation; Tomohiro MATSUZAKI, Saburo<br />

SATO, Tomo OIKAWA<br />

Optimizing ozonation control at Inagawa water<br />

treatment plant; Hisakazu YAMANE, Yoshio<br />

OMOTE, Masami OOYA, Shoichi MAEDA<br />

Investigation of both control of bromate formation<br />

and decomposition of odor substance by<br />

<strong>ozone</strong>/hydrogen peroxide treatment with smaller<br />

amount of hydrogen peroxide dose; Nozomu<br />

YASUNAGA, Tokiko YAMAUCHI<br />

Kinetic modeling of odor compounds decomposition<br />

and bromate formation during ozonation with<br />

hydrogen peroxide II; Seiji NODA, Nozomu<br />

YASUNAGA, Tokiko YAMAUCHI<br />

Application of <strong>ozone</strong>/hydrogen peroxide process for<br />

removal of odor compounds under controlling<br />

bromate ion formation; Shinya OHARA, Yuntao<br />

GUAN, Harumi YAMADA, Hiroshi TSUNO, Tadao<br />

MIZUNO<br />

Optimal condition of <strong>ozone</strong>/hydrogen peroxide<br />

process for removal of odor compounds under<br />

controlling bromate ion formation-Model approach;<br />

Tadao MIZUNO, Shinya OHARA, Yuntao GUAN,<br />

Hiroshi TSUNO<br />

Decomposition of dioxins in leachate by AOP<br />

method; Naruaki KADOKAWA, Kenichi<br />

HANAOKA, Nobuhiro YAMATO, Kousei SASAKI<br />

Change in Quality of Alkyl Ether Type Nonionic<br />

Surfactants by <strong>Ozone</strong> / Hydrogen Peroxide Process;<br />

Shibukatsu SHIBATA, Fukushi YAMASHITA, Tomoyuki<br />

SUZUKI, Yuto TAMADA<br />

Treatment of Surfactant in Water using a Pulsed<br />

Discharge; Shou NAKAZAKI, Satoshi IHARA, Chobei<br />

YAMABE<br />

Remediation of Groundwater Containing Petroleum<br />

Hydrocarbons by Permeable Reactive Barriers; Shigeo<br />

HINO, Satoru KAWAKAMI<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong>-Biological Treatment of Persistent Wastewater<br />

containing High Molecular Compound Wastewater;<br />

Hisatomo TORII, Shinya TASAKA, Takashi KOUNO,<br />

Itaru TAKEDA<br />

Page 13


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

IOA News (cont’d)<br />

Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila by <strong>ozone</strong> in a<br />

model circulating bathtub system; Toshifusa DOI,<br />

Masanori FUJITA, Tomihisa YASUOKA, Chiemi<br />

TERAO<br />

tomato plants; Keiko OHASHI, Mizue ISHIDA,<br />

Kazuhiro FUJIWARA<br />

Simple measuring method of high concentrated ozonated<br />

water and utilization; Tomohide SAHO, Masayuki<br />

TODA, Takahiro YONEHARA, Satoru NAKAGAWA,<br />

Makiko MIURA, Senri KOJIMA<br />

Methods for estimating injury level on E.coli inactivated<br />

by ozonation; Xuedan WANG, Masahiro OTAKI<br />

Every successful conference has a dedicated registration<br />

staff.<br />

Guests from Korea: Dr. Ki-hyouong Hong, Korea Food &<br />

Drug Asminstration and Dr. Heesung An. Seoul National<br />

University<br />

Effects of the use of ozonated water for dilution of<br />

concentrated hydroponic stock solution on the growth of<br />

Application of <strong>Ozone</strong> to Chemical Decontamination for a<br />

Reactor Pressure Vessel and the Internals; Masami<br />

ENDA, Masayuki KANEDA, Toshihiro YOSHII,<br />

Nagayoshi ICHIKAWA, Takeshi KANASAKI<br />

Optimal Operation Factor for Separation of Poly(vinyl<br />

Page 14


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

IOA News (cont’d)<br />

chloride)(PVC) from Automobile Shredder Dust by<br />

Selective Surface Modification of Ozonation; Tung-Yueh<br />

TSAI, Keisuke KUROSE, Reddy M. SRINIVASA,<br />

Tetsuji OKUDA, Wataru NISHIJIMA, Mitsumasa<br />

OKADA<br />

Study on <strong>Ozone</strong> generation using Polarized LiTaO 3<br />

Single Crystal; Yoshikazu NAKANISHI, Takuya<br />

FURUBAYASHI, Akikazu TANAKA, Jun KONDO,<br />

Shinzo YOSHIKADO, Yoshiaki ITO<br />

Influence of Discharge Gap Spacer on <strong>Ozone</strong> Generation<br />

and Silent Discharge; Masaaki TANAKA, Noboru<br />

WADA, Koji OHTA, Taichiro TAMIDA<br />

Effect of rise time of applied voltage on <strong>ozone</strong><br />

generation; Ryousuke INUZUKA, Satoshi IHARA,<br />

Chobei YAMABE<br />

Characteristics of Discharge inside Cavitation Bubbles;<br />

Hideaki IKE, Kazunori HAKIAI, Kazuya<br />

HIRABAYASHI<br />

Effect of Gas Components on Decolorization of Blue Dye<br />

Using Surface Discharges on a Thin Water-Layer<br />

Subjected to Repetitive High Voltage Pulse; Kazunori<br />

KADOWAKI, Takahiro AKEHI, Sho MITSUNARI,<br />

Toshifumi SONE, Isamu KITANI<br />

The Difference of the Characteristics due to the Change<br />

of Metal Electrode; Akira MURAI, Satoshi IHARA,<br />

Chobei YAMABE<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> Generator Using Parallel Driving of Piezoelectric<br />

Transformers; Kenji TERANISHI, Haruo ITOH, Susumu<br />

SUZUKI<br />

Electrochemical <strong>ozone</strong> generation by a metal oxide<br />

electrode and its measurement; Kenta KITSUKA,<br />

Kazuhiro KANEDA, Takeo OHSAKA, Mineo<br />

IKEMATSU, Masahiro ISEKI, Ahamad M.<br />

MOHAMMAD, Mohamed Ismail AWAD<br />

Practical Use of Energy-Saving Type <strong>Ozone</strong> Generator<br />

derived from a Catalysis electrode; Akira MURAI<br />

A study of <strong>Ozone</strong> Composing Elements Using a Device<br />

of Surface Discharge; Akira MURAI, Satoshi IHARA,<br />

Chobei YAMABE<br />

Electrochemical <strong>ozone</strong> generation by a tantalum oxide<br />

electrode; Kazuhiro KANEDA, Takeyo TSUKAMOTO,<br />

Toru HIGUCHI, Takeshi HATTORI, Takahiro<br />

YONESAKI, Masahiro ISEKI, Kenta KITSUKA, Mineo<br />

IKEMATSU<br />

Complete oxidation of benzene in gas phase over<br />

manganese-based catalysts - Investigation of factors<br />

controlling catalytic activities; Hisahiro EINAGA,<br />

Yasutake TERAOKA, Atsushi OGATA<br />

Removal of air pollutants by O 3 by diesel engine exhaust;<br />

Masashi KAWAHARA, Makoto SENDA, Masaharu<br />

TSUJI<br />

Russian Workshop on <strong>Ozone</strong><br />

On June 7, 2007, the regular 29th Russian Workshop on<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> and other Environment friendly Oxidants. Science<br />

and Technologies (OEO) was held at the Chemistry<br />

Department of Moscow State University (MSU) in<br />

Moscow. 72 participants (producers, consumers and<br />

investigators) took part in the Workshop. 13 papers<br />

focusing on production and application of <strong>ozone</strong> were<br />

presented at this workshop.<br />

D.D. Medvedev (Kurchatov Institute, Moscow) in his<br />

lecture reported on <strong>ozone</strong> production by means of the<br />

new type of <strong>ozone</strong> generator which utilized humid air.<br />

Usage of special impulse feeding and electrodes allows<br />

reaching an <strong>ozone</strong> concentration of 20 g/m 3 . As<br />

emphasized by the author, at the same time many <strong>ozone</strong><br />

generators successfully operate today in small-sized<br />

engines for water purification.<br />

Investigators from the Moscow Institute of Steel and<br />

Alloys described a new process using <strong>ozone</strong> and<br />

hydrogen peroxide (peroxone) to treat sulfide<br />

concentrates leaching in sulfuric acid medium. The<br />

process is effective and carried out under atmospheric<br />

pressure and moderate temperatures. This appears to be a<br />

much more environmentally friendly process than other<br />

techniques available.<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> interactions with a solid phase substrate were<br />

described in four reports:<br />

• In the work of N.N. Rozhkova, L.E. Gorlenko, G.I.<br />

Page 15


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

IOA News (cont’d)<br />

Emel’yanova and V.V. Lunin (Geology Institute of<br />

Kareliya NC RAN, MSU) the influence of <strong>ozone</strong> on<br />

the structure and physical and chemical properties of<br />

ultra-dispersed diamond formations (UDD) and<br />

schungite carbon (SHU) was investigated. These<br />

compounds demonstrated high catalytic activity in<br />

the process of <strong>ozone</strong> decomposition. Ozonation was<br />

shown to result in selective removal of the graphen<br />

<strong>cover</strong>ing of UDD diamond core. These data were<br />

confirmed by IR spectra. <strong>Ozone</strong> interaction with<br />

SHU induces essential changes of structure<br />

parameters: increasing of structural nano-size pores.<br />

This result distinguishes SHU from UDD.<br />

• The collaborators of Voronezh NII of synthetic and<br />

natural caoutchouc (L.A.Vlasova and P.T. Poluektov)<br />

reported on the developing an ecologically friendly<br />

modification of unsaturated synthetic and natural<br />

caoutchoucs in latexes by means of controllable<br />

ozonolysis. Ozonolysis is accompanied by<br />

introduction of terminal carboxyl and aldehyde<br />

groups into the elastomer molecule. The development<br />

and testing of the pilot <strong>ozone</strong>-catalytic mode of full<br />

destruction of styrole in the air-gas outbursts of<br />

emulsive caoutchouc industry were also noted in the<br />

report.<br />

• The investigation of aspen wood delignification by<br />

<strong>ozone</strong> was presented by the authors from the<br />

Chemistry Department of (MSU) and Altai’ State<br />

University (N.A. Mamleeva, C.A. Autlov, N.G.<br />

Bazarnova, V.V. Lunin). This work was conducted in<br />

connection with the problem of wood delignification<br />

for cellulose materials production. Variation of the<br />

sample humidity allowed reaching the different<br />

delignification degrees. The authors found the<br />

ozonation conditions for achievement of the residual<br />

lignin content to be 1.7%. To increase the<br />

effectiveness of the softwood delignification by<br />

<strong>ozone</strong> a number of improvements of the ozonation<br />

process were considered.<br />

• The report of the author group from ZAO (Moscow<br />

ozonizers) and (GIUVNIIZ) was devoted to the<br />

technological <strong>ozone</strong> usage in food industry for grain<br />

as well as for agro-industrial complex<br />

decontamination based on movable <strong>ozone</strong> complex<br />

(MOC). The main parameters of MOC are the<br />

following: output on <strong>ozone</strong> - up to 400g/h, <strong>ozone</strong><br />

concentration – up to 100 g/m 3 , power consumption –<br />

till 14 kW. MOC includes a movable oxygen station<br />

operating on VSA principle. The authors reported on<br />

successful tests of MOC at the grinding industrial<br />

complex with high disinfection effect. The<br />

destruction of flour beetle and rice weevil came to<br />

100%. At the same time <strong>ozone</strong> concentration did not<br />

exceed maximum concentration limit (MCL-<br />

0.1mg/m 3 ).<br />

The report of V.P. Chelibanov and N.P. Domin was<br />

devoted to developing and testing the device based on the<br />

chemiluminescence of singlet oxygen induced by<br />

substituted anthracene. The high reactivity of singlet<br />

oxygen and its important role in all plant and animal life<br />

is well known. Furthermore, its role is also essential for<br />

physical and chemical processes in the upper layers of the<br />

atmosphere as well as for chemistry of low layers of<br />

atmospheric contamination. However, mostly the solution<br />

of the problems connected with the determination of<br />

singlet oxygen in a number of oxidation processes is<br />

retarded by the absence of devices for registration of low<br />

(similar to the natural) concentrations of O 2 . The<br />

device was constructed by the firm OPTEK. It<br />

characterizes by high selectivity and sensitivity. Reserve<br />

of the device operation in the concentration range 0 – 500<br />

ppb is more than 10,000 hours.<br />

A group of investigators from FGUP RFYaC - VNIIF<br />

(Sarov -town) reported on redox potential and UV-spectra<br />

of ozonated redistilled water and physiological solution.<br />

The discrepancy between redox potential and UV-spectra<br />

stimulated considerable interest and discussion. Different<br />

hypothesizes and explanations of these data were<br />

advanced.<br />

A 30th anniversary Workshop with a more<br />

comprehensive program is planned to be held in June of<br />

2008. This Workshop will be devoted to the ninetieth<br />

birthday of professor Yu.V. Filippov (MSU), who was one<br />

of the creators of <strong>ozone</strong> generation electric theory.<br />

Detailed information about the Workshop is available on<br />

the Internet: http://www.rus-<strong>ozone</strong>-assoc.ru/seminar.htm<br />

Reported by Dr. Vadim G. Sanoilovich<br />

Page 16


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

5th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> Symposium in<br />

Havana<br />

Dr. Tomás Moreira Hernández, the Director of the <strong>Ozone</strong><br />

Research Center, opened the symposium and welcomed<br />

all delegates. A special welcome went to HE Mosibudi<br />

Mangena, Ministre of Science and Technology, South<br />

Africa and his delegation.<br />

A hearty welcome went also to Dr. Renate Viebahn<br />

(Germany), a well-known researcher with high<br />

appreciation in all lines <strong>cover</strong>ing <strong>Ozone</strong> in Medicine. Last<br />

but not least with a “warm welcome to our house” went<br />

to Hansruedi Naef (Switzerland), who attended since<br />

1990 as a trustee of IOA at all the 5 <strong>Ozone</strong> Conferences<br />

in Cuba, as well as Dr. Siegfried Schulz (Germany) who<br />

has also attended all the Congresses organized by the<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> Research Center and has offered his help in the<br />

<strong>ozone</strong> therapy preclinical studies.<br />

Conference Center “Club Habana”<br />

On April 23-26, 2007 the 5th Symposium on <strong>Ozone</strong><br />

Applications was held in the Conference Centre “Club<br />

Habana” in Havana City. The Symposium was organized<br />

by the <strong>Ozone</strong> Research Centre and the National Centre<br />

for Scientific Research in Havana.<br />

The Opening Ceremony was accompanied by the singer<br />

Rosita Fornés, a famous artist in Cuba, well-known in<br />

Film and Television.<br />

There were 160 attendees from 17 countries. Beside 65<br />

attendees from Cuba 95 attendees were mainly from<br />

South American countries but also from Spain, Germany,<br />

Italy, Egypt, Ukraine etc.<br />

Opening Address<br />

Reception after the opening ceremony<br />

Technical and Scientific Program<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> in Medicine<br />

Opening Ceremony of the Conference<br />

Three days of medical <strong>ozone</strong> was in itself quite a<br />

challenge: a tightly packed program with highly valuable<br />

contributions from basic research, animal and cell<br />

models, a series of clinically controlled studies and a<br />

large number of case studies. Congratulations are due to<br />

the organizers for their careful selection and skilled<br />

presentation of the contributions, all of which ensured the<br />

high level of the whole meeting.<br />

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<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

Cuba Conference (cont’d)<br />

And it is just because “Medical <strong>Ozone</strong>” has still not found<br />

a firm place in complementary medicine, its therapeutic<br />

application is still subject to controversy and mistrust by<br />

a number of skeptics, that we can be particularly happy<br />

for the chance to find a firm scientific basis in the field<br />

of fundamental research which this Cuban <strong>Ozone</strong><br />

Congress has provided.<br />

With a total of just over 90 contributions, most of them<br />

able to claim a scientific foundation, this Congress has<br />

indeed made a highly important contribution to “Medical<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong>”.<br />

But, after 3 days of <strong>ozone</strong>, even its most hard-boiled<br />

supporters need time to sit back and digest what they have<br />

seen and heard; so perhaps the number of presentations<br />

ought to be reduced and more time given to discussion.<br />

But this would be, really, the only criticism of an<br />

otherwise highly successful congress.<br />

Other <strong>Ozone</strong> Applications<br />

Beside of the various sessions on <strong>Ozone</strong> in Medicine, the<br />

5th <strong>International</strong> Symposium was accompanied with a<br />

very interesting Poster Exhibition and also with various<br />

sessions on other <strong>Ozone</strong> Applications. With the<br />

participation of delegates from various countries they<br />

have presented new features and advances on different<br />

fields such as: landfill and industrial leachates, which are<br />

highly contaminant, drinking water, domestic and<br />

industrial wastewater and others.<br />

Attendees at medical seminars<br />

In the same way as those confirmed again and again<br />

worldwide, remarkable clinical results were obtained,<br />

which have once more proved the rationale of medical<br />

<strong>ozone</strong> as a priority discipline. Here too, the Cuban group<br />

has contributed to a major extent, which is reflected in the<br />

large number of publications in internationally<br />

recognized and reviewed scientific journals. You just have<br />

to look at the list for what you want!<br />

It seems that the up regulation of antioxidants at the cell<br />

level, which primarily and causally participate in the<br />

clinical results obtained in the treatment of diabetes and<br />

in rheumatology, are at the core of clinical success with<br />

medical O 3 .<br />

Correspondingly, the principal subjects of clinical interest<br />

are here: concomitant or adjuvant therapy in the treatment<br />

of cancer, the use of <strong>ozone</strong> in orthopedics, pain<br />

management, in chronic inflammatory disease and in<br />

rheumatology; equally, in inflammatory vascular diseases<br />

such as those suffered by diabetes patients, which indeed<br />

belong to the “classical” <strong>ozone</strong> indications.<br />

Subjects were discussed from sanitation and treatment for<br />

those waters for their safe disposal to the environment to<br />

air disinfection in hospitals and hotels.<br />

Cuba has a high level of basic research, and a scientific<br />

development theoretically supported as well as in the<br />

application and technological development in these<br />

subjects.<br />

Social Events<br />

On Tuesday afternoon all delegates were invited in<br />

Guayasamin’s house, situated in old Havana to a very nice<br />

jewelry performance, organized by three goldsmiths.<br />

Various pieces of jewelry were shown by some beautiful<br />

ballet-dancers. It was a very impressive performance.<br />

After a short sightseeing through the nice Habana Vieja<br />

the delegates were invited to another highlight, a concert<br />

in the Basilica Menor de San Francisco de Asís. The<br />

Church of San Francisco is now a concert hall. Dating<br />

back to the early 18th century, still in Baroque style, its<br />

interior is now spectacular, with stained glass windows.<br />

There is no doubt the fact that the famous Baroque<br />

musical group Ars Longa has given a concert in medieval<br />

music from the 16th to 17th century.<br />

Page 18


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

Cuba Conference (cont’d)<br />

• Dr. Renate Viebahn “Presented to the noticeable role<br />

displayed in the <strong>Ozone</strong> Medical Applications all over the<br />

world”<br />

• Hansruedi Naef “With due respect and high<br />

appreciation as regards to the full support and<br />

contribution an every and each need presented by our<br />

centre”and also to:<br />

• Dr. Siegfried Schulz “Pursuant to the remarkable aids<br />

and assistance to the <strong>Ozone</strong> Research Centre in the field<br />

of preclinical studies connected to <strong>ozone</strong> therapy”<br />

Concert in the Basilica Menor de San Francisco de Asís.<br />

Closing Event<br />

The closing event took place in the “Habana Club”<br />

restaurant of the conference centre. After the lunch and an<br />

open-bar the delegates were entertained disco-music.<br />

Closing luncheon<br />

Special Thanks<br />

Special awards given to Dr. Renate Viebahn, Hansruedi<br />

Naef and Dr. Siegfried Schultz<br />

The farewell words were pronounced by Dra. Silvia<br />

Menéndez, organizing secretary of the Symposium. As a<br />

special surprise was the hand over of a Special Award<br />

issued by the National Centre for Scientific Research and<br />

the <strong>Ozone</strong> Research Centre of Cuba to the following IOA<br />

Honorary Members:<br />

Many thanks are offered to Dr. Carlos Gutiérrez Calzado,<br />

General Director of the National Centre for Scientific<br />

Research, to Dr. Tomás Moreira Hernández, Director of<br />

the <strong>Ozone</strong> Research Centre, to Dra. Silvia Menéndez<br />

Cepero and Dr. Frank Hernández Rosales who were<br />

responsible for making this symposium a success. Also<br />

many thanks to all the co-workers helping in the<br />

background.<br />

See you again in spring 2010! Hasta la vista en 2010!<br />

Reported by Hansruedi Naef and Renate Viebahn<br />

Page 19


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

Electrical Energy for <strong>Ozone</strong> Generation and Application for Pulp<br />

Bleaching<br />

Pierre-André Liechti. Technical Director <strong>Ozone</strong>, Degrémont Technologies Ltd<br />

Bernhard Paolini. Technical Vice President, Degrémont Technologies Ltd<br />

Pierre.liechti@degtec.com<br />

Introduction and Summary<br />

Some 20 years ago, <strong>Ozone</strong> was considered, from an<br />

ecological point of view, to be a possible candidate for the<br />

bleaching of pulp, in replacement for chlorine, in a<br />

combination-competition approach with other bleaching<br />

chemicals, such as Chlorine Dioxide, Hydrogen Peroxide<br />

and per-Acetic Acid.<br />

However, <strong>Ozone</strong> was at that time considered as<br />

expensive, both from the point of view of investment as<br />

well as for excessive consumption of electrical energy.<br />

Add to that the losses in the power supply unit of the<br />

<strong>ozone</strong> generator and the additional losses in the electrical<br />

energy supply mains due to a large amount of exchange<br />

of reactive energy and a non negligible content of<br />

harmonics in the current consumed by the <strong>ozone</strong><br />

generator.<br />

Improvements had to be implemented,<br />

• with respect to the <strong>ozone</strong> generation process itself<br />

and<br />

• with the supply of electrical energy to the <strong>ozone</strong><br />

generator.<br />

Today these improvements have given to <strong>Ozone</strong> its<br />

“Label of Nobleness”, not only from the point of view of<br />

consumption of electrical energy, reliability and<br />

availability, but <strong>Ozone</strong> is now also recognized as an<br />

efficient chemical for pulp bleaching.<br />

However, when evaluating <strong>Ozone</strong> for pulp bleaching, the<br />

following facts must also be taken into consideration:<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> is normally applied, after delignification with<br />

Oxygen “O”- and Chlorine Dioxide “D”-stages, in a<br />

bleaching sequence consisting of washing- and Chlorine<br />

Dioxide “D1 –D2”-stages.<br />

• The oxidation potential of <strong>Ozone</strong> “Z”, as an indicator<br />

for its oxidation and bleaching strength, amounts to<br />

2.1 Volts and is 40 % higher than that of Chlorine<br />

Page 20


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

Dioxide “D”. In a “ZD” or “DZ” pulp bleaching<br />

sequence, this reality, supported by feed back from<br />

pulp mills using these sequences, leads to the<br />

“Replacement Factor” of up to one (1) <strong>Ozone</strong> “O” for<br />

two (2) Chlorine dioxide “D” in weight<br />

• As far as the consumption of electrical energy is<br />

concerned, both <strong>Ozone</strong> and Chlorine Dioxide are<br />

more or less equivalent, when also considering the<br />

electrical energy required for oxygen generation with<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> and chlorate with Chlorine Dioxide<br />

• A major part of the Oxygen used as the gas for <strong>Ozone</strong><br />

generation and carrying can after the “Z”-stage be<br />

reused in an Oxygen delignification stage “O”, for<br />

extraction in an “EoP”-Washing stage, for wastewater<br />

treatment and possibly also for White Liquor<br />

Oxidation ”WLO” .<br />

These three (3) above facts add to the efficiency of <strong>Ozone</strong><br />

and the other chemicals involved. They provide a major<br />

advantageous contribution to the consumption and<br />

balance of electrical energy, not only by <strong>Ozone</strong> for pulp<br />

bleaching, but for the whole pulp delignification and<br />

bleaching process.<br />

As a summary, and this applies to all chemical process<br />

sequences, system optimization is “of the essence” for<br />

reducing the consumption of electrical energy.<br />

The contribution of <strong>Ozone</strong> for a technically better, more<br />

efficient and environmentally sound pulp delignification<br />

and bleaching process is therefore threefold:<br />

1. Intrinsic improvement of the electrical efficiency of<br />

an <strong>ozone</strong> generator as implemented by Degrémont<br />

Technologies-Ozonia and described in the two (2)<br />

next paragraphs,<br />

2. Optimization of chemical usage for delignification<br />

and bleaching, and<br />

3. Oxygen reuse in the mill.<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> Generator Improvements<br />

The <strong>Ozone</strong> Generator “OZG” with Degrémont<br />

Technologies-Ozonia’s “IGS” (Intelligent Gap<br />

System)<br />

An <strong>ozone</strong> generator is basically an electrical machine,<br />

which transforms electrical energy into chemical energy<br />

and heat.<br />

The key element of this physical transformation process<br />

is the <strong>ozone</strong> generation cell, made of a several dielectrics<br />

and a gas gap, where an electrical discharge transforms a<br />

substantial part of the oxygen contained in a dry and void<br />

of pollutants oxygen carrying gas into <strong>ozone</strong>.<br />

An <strong>ozone</strong> generator is made of a large number of these<br />

cells, from one to several hundreds.<br />

The areas which were hit for improvement are:<br />

» Quality of the oxygen carrying gas, by switching<br />

from air to oxygen, allowing for <strong>ozone</strong><br />

concentrations of up to 14 % by weight, with the<br />

result of a much lower carrier gas demand and<br />

consequently a dramatic reduction of the<br />

consumption of electrical energy for its preparation<br />

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<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

» Material of the dielectric, by abandoning the classical<br />

chemical borosilicate glass in favor of special<br />

ceramics much more adapted to efficient <strong>ozone</strong><br />

generation<br />

» Segmentation of the dielectric allowing for a smaller<br />

gap, resulting in improved cooling conditions, for a<br />

cooling water temperature as high as 32 °C, and as a<br />

consequence the elimination of a chilled water<br />

system<br />

» Variable gap allowing for optimized distribution of<br />

the electric discharge power density.<br />

o Since the electrical current drawn from the mains<br />

by the “MODIPAC” PSU is practically<br />

sinusoidal, the amount of current harmonics<br />

rejected into the mains is very low, additional line<br />

losses are therefore also mitigated. The amount<br />

of mains voltage distortion “VTHD” is less than<br />

3%.<br />

An additional feature is the fact that the risk of electrical<br />

resonances with other users of electrical energy<br />

connected to the same line is eliminated; therefore the<br />

risk of damage to electrical equipment is non existent.<br />

Dielectric segmentation and variable discharge gap are<br />

the key features of Degrémont Technologies-Ozonia’s<br />

“IGS” (Intelligent Gap System) leading to a dramatic<br />

reduction in the consumption of electrical energy.<br />

» Optimization of the quality of the electrical energy<br />

supplied to the <strong>ozone</strong> generator, relating to the shapes<br />

of the electrical voltage and current as well as voltage<br />

peak value and operation frequency.<br />

One more feature is the protection of each individual<br />

<strong>ozone</strong> generation cell with a fuse guaranteeing a very<br />

high availability level of 98%+.<br />

Modular “MODIPAC” Power Supply Unit<br />

“PSU” with Front- and Back-end “IGBT” power<br />

electronic technology<br />

The improvements can be summarized as follows:<br />

» At the OZG side (Back-End), Ozonia’s<br />

“MODIPAC” PSU with IGBT (Insulated Gate<br />

Bipolar Transistor) power semi-conductor devices<br />

provides electrical energy adapted to a more efficient<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> generation as far as current and voltage wave<br />

shape and peak values, and operation frequency are<br />

concerned.<br />

More so, since IGBTs allow for a higher and more<br />

optimum operation frequency, the peak value of the<br />

applied voltage is so low that the electrical stress on the<br />

“IGS” dielectrics is almost completely mitigated.<br />

» At the 3-phase supply mains of electrical energy side,<br />

the Front-End, the IGBT voltage converter provides<br />

the following improvements:<br />

o Power factor “PF” and is practically equal to<br />

“one” (1), with the consequence that practically<br />

no reactive energy is exchanged with the supply<br />

mains and therefore no additional line losses are<br />

to be expected<br />

When considering the fact that an <strong>Ozone</strong> generator<br />

producing 100 kgO 3 /h at a concentration of 12 %O 3 by<br />

weight in oxygen consumes 0.88 MW at the supply mains<br />

(as will be seen here after), the above considerations are<br />

of paramount importance and must be addressed<br />

carefully.<br />

Improvement and Characteristics of<br />

Consumption of Electrical Energy of Degrémont<br />

Technologies-Ozonia’s MODIPAC and IGS<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> Generator<br />

The graph on the following page shows the improvement<br />

achieved in <strong>Ozone</strong> generation efficiency by means of<br />

continuous research and development carried on by<br />

Ozonia over the last 20 years.<br />

The improvement in efficiency of <strong>Ozone</strong> generation can<br />

be seen from two (2) aspects:<br />

1. In the lower range of <strong>Ozone</strong> concentrations, where<br />

the old “CT” and “IGS” technologies overlap (6.0<br />

to 8.0 % by Weight), the improvement is dramatic and<br />

amounts to a 40 % consumption reduction of<br />

electrical energy at the supply mains<br />

2. But the improvement has to be looked at mainly with<br />

respect to the much higher achievable <strong>Ozone</strong><br />

concentrations, enabling optimization of the whole<br />

Page 22


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> system, including also Oxygen generation and<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> application, which is particularly important<br />

for a Medium Consistency “MC” pulp bleaching<br />

stage, which requires an <strong>Ozone</strong> partial pressure of<br />

one (1) bar or more, resulting in the need of<br />

compressing the <strong>Ozone</strong> gas to up to 13 bar abs.<br />

Degrémont Technologies-Ozonia’s <strong>Ozone</strong> gas<br />

compression technology for the “MC”-process is <strong>Ozone</strong><br />

loss-free, therefore also contributing to lowering the<br />

consumption of electrical energy.<br />

The typical <strong>Ozone</strong> concentration at which an <strong>Ozone</strong> pulp<br />

bleaching stage generally operates is 12 % by weight, for<br />

both a Medium Consistency “MC” or a High Consistency<br />

“HC” stage.<br />

At this concentration, the specific consumption of<br />

electrical energy at the mains amounts to:<br />

8.8 kWh/kgO 3 (cooling water temperature of 20 °C)<br />

With an <strong>Ozone</strong> charge of 5.0 kgO 3 /ADMT, ADMT stands<br />

for Air Dried Metric Ton, the specific consumption of<br />

electrical energy amounts therefore to:<br />

44.0 kWh/ADMT.<br />

Considering a cost of EUR 0.15 per kWh gives a cost of<br />

EUR 6.6 per ADMT.<br />

Conclusions<br />

Page 23<br />

The improvement achieved in <strong>Ozone</strong> generation<br />

efficiency to suit the needs of the pulp industry has been<br />

tremendous in the last 20 years, and Degrémont<br />

Technologies-Ozonia, in accordance with its tradition of<br />

seeking innovation and improvement, continues to do<br />

research and development in this field.<br />

The main technological steps which were so far<br />

instrumental in achieving today’s state of the art of very<br />

efficient <strong>Ozone</strong> generation are:<br />

» Segmented ceramic dielectrics and variable discharge<br />

gap, Degrémont Technologies-Ozonia’s “IGS”<br />

(Intelligence Gap System)<br />

» IGBT semi-conductor power electronics both at the<br />

front- and back-end of the power supply unit,<br />

Degrémont Technologies-Ozonia’s “MODIPAC”<br />

PSU.<br />

As for any chemical process, a pulp bleaching sequence<br />

optimization is also being made possible with:<br />

» Achieving much higher <strong>Ozone</strong> concentrations by<br />

using oxygen as the carrier gas<br />

» Reuse of the vent oxygen of the <strong>Ozone</strong> stage<br />

» “ZD” or “DZ” sequence optimization by considering<br />

the possibility of a Replacing Factor one (1) “Z” for<br />

up to two (2) “D” by weight<br />

» <strong>Ozone</strong> loss-free compression of the <strong>Ozone</strong> gas for the<br />

Medium Consistency “MC” <strong>Ozone</strong> bleaching<br />

process.


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

City Solves Taste and Odor Problem Through Installation of <strong>Ozone</strong><br />

System for Primary Disinfection<br />

--Also Dramatically Reduces TTHM’s and HAA5’s, While Eliminating Carbon Feeding--<br />

Table 1a: Disinfection Requirements<br />

Minimum treatment:<br />

Bacteria 2-Log removal<br />

Viruses 2-Log removal<br />

Giardia 0.5 Log removal<br />

Cryptosporidium (Bin 2) 1.0-Log Removal<br />

TOC 25% Removal<br />

Disinfection Byproducts:<br />

Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM)


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

technology that could perform oxidation treatment as<br />

well,” Rood recalled. “In addition, we were concerned<br />

about the state’s Surface Water Treatment Rule that was<br />

already implemented when we started planning in 2002.<br />

We knew there would be an issue of future disinfection of<br />

Cryptosporidium to unknown concentration levels, and<br />

we wanted the city to be ready with a treatment method<br />

already in place.”<br />

Originally commissioned in 1969, the design 6 MGD,<br />

average 2.8 MGD SWTP is fed by a 1200-acre lake, nine<br />

miles from the plant, through a 24-in. line. It has solid<br />

contact basins for coagulation and sedimentation, and a<br />

dual-media filtering system. In addition to establishing<br />

<strong>ozone</strong> as the primary disinfection system, the 2004<br />

renovation included change-out of the filter media;<br />

addition of domes over the basins; new chemical feed<br />

equipment; and air scour to aid in the filter backwash<br />

process.<br />

The taste and odor problem emerged in late 2002 in spite<br />

of chlorine fed at the head of the plant, and powder<br />

activated carbon (PAC) fed upstream of that. An attempt<br />

to solve the problem by adding batch-mixed potassium<br />

permanganate at 10-15 ppm added a color problem, while<br />

hydrogen peroxide was ineffective at the 1-2 ppm levels<br />

needed to avoid the removal of chlorine. Unusual freezing<br />

of the lake had escalated the issue, by not allowing the<br />

lake to off-gas as it should during normal decay of<br />

vegetation. In any case, it was the first time the plant had<br />

not been able to control taste and odor. Ultraviolet (UV)<br />

disinfection was then being considered as a new primary<br />

or secondary technique, along with a different feed point<br />

for the chlorine.<br />

“UV had worked in other states, but the state of Kansas<br />

had not yet allowed disinfection log credits for it,” said<br />

Defore. “They were looking at it pretty strong, but were<br />

still on the fence with it, and it was time for us to get<br />

started.<br />

“Meanwhile, further reduction of TTHM’s and HAA5’s<br />

was also an issue. We had already stopped feeding<br />

chlorine at the lake to reduce chlorine contact time with<br />

the total organic compounds (TOC)---the precursor for<br />

TTHM’s and HAA5’s--- prior to enhanced coagulation<br />

and sedimentation. We preferred not to try chlorine<br />

dioxide, because of our operators’ lack of confidence in<br />

the reliability of the generators, and we were also<br />

concerned about the by-products associated with it. So we<br />

started to seriously consider <strong>ozone</strong>.<br />

“We were very encouraged by the City of Emporia’s (KS)<br />

10 years of experience with it, in a much larger plant than<br />

ours,” Defore said. “We decided to put it in not just to<br />

solve the taste and odor problem, which could have been<br />

a pre-disinfection treatment, but to serve as our primary<br />

disinfection system.”<br />

In considering <strong>ozone</strong> system vendors, Defore had noted a<br />

major distinction among them.<br />

“Ultimately, the plant renovation was a typical<br />

design/bid/build project, with three vendors considered<br />

separately for the <strong>ozone</strong> part,” he explained. “The vendor<br />

we chose for the <strong>ozone</strong> had a very competitive price, but<br />

more importantly, we expected the best possible service<br />

from a company that was trying hard at the time to get<br />

established in the U.S. And they were also guaranteeing<br />

the dielectric and other key parts for 10 years.<br />

“That was very important to us, because it would allow us<br />

five years just to learn how to take care of the routine<br />

maintenance and total operation for a technology that was<br />

new to us. We’re very pleased with the way it’s turned out<br />

since the installation in July of 2004. They’ve visited<br />

every six months within the service contract to help us<br />

develop ongoing preventive maintenance, and not much<br />

has happened in between visits that couldn’t be fixed by<br />

a phone call. Nothing has caused them to make an<br />

unscheduled visit.”<br />

To help assure continuous delivery of <strong>ozone</strong> for<br />

disinfection, the <strong>ozone</strong> generators feature patented, selfhealing<br />

dielectric tubes designed to allow for continued<br />

operation of the dielectric surface during failure of a<br />

segment. The generators were manufactured by<br />

Mitsubishi Electric Corp. of Kobe, Japan, with system<br />

design, installation, and ongoing service provided by its<br />

subsidiary, Mitsubishi Electric Power Products Inc. of<br />

Warrendale, PA.<br />

Source: Mitsubishi Electric Power Products, Inc.;<br />

Potable Water Disinfection News.<br />

Page 25


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

NEW IOA MEMBERS<br />

The <strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong> takes great pleasure in welcoming our new members<br />

CANADA<br />

Annie Carriére<br />

École Polytechnique de Montréal<br />

C.P. 6079 Succ. Centre Ville<br />

Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7<br />

Tel: 514-340-4711<br />

Fax: 514-340-5918<br />

annie.carriere@polymtl.ca<br />

Garland Chang<br />

Aquasym Environmental Solutions, Inc.<br />

10 Brisco St.<br />

Vaughan, Ontario L4K 3 C6<br />

Tel: 647-244-7575<br />

Fax: 905-761-3243<br />

gchang@aquasym.ca<br />

Vaughan Martin<br />

Regional Municipality of Halton<br />

1151 Bronte Rd.<br />

Oakville, Ontario L6M 3L1<br />

Tel: 905-638-1654<br />

Fax: 905-625-0267<br />

Vaughan.martin@halton.ca<br />

EGYPT<br />

Dr. Ali RAMADAN<br />

1, El Sabah St.<br />

El Daher<br />

CAIRO<br />

Tel. +20 12 369 73 04<br />

dr_aramadan@hotmail.com<br />

ITALY<br />

Mr. Angelo ARNABOLDI<br />

Via Marco Polo 127/12<br />

Viareggio 55049<br />

Tel. +39 (0) 58 440 7057<br />

Fax. +39 (0) 58 440 7058<br />

angelo.arnaboldi@studioarnaboldi.it<br />

MEXICO<br />

German Gasio Glyka<br />

Grupo BNG<br />

Priv. Del Encino 5217<br />

Fracc. Encino Real<br />

Monterrey, Nuevo León 64988<br />

Tel: +52 81 8104 1957<br />

Fax: +52 81 8104 1957<br />

ggasio1@yahoo.com.mx<br />

MONACO<br />

Mr. Richard MILLETT<br />

Le Granada<br />

28 boulevard de Belgique<br />

MONTE CARLO<br />

MC 98000<br />

Tel. +377 93 50 45 20<br />

Fax. +377 97 70 54 15<br />

rm@monaco.mc<br />

PHILIPPINES<br />

Dr. Rey ACIS<br />

Binalabag<br />

Olingan<br />

Dipolog City 7100<br />

Tel. +63 9262995133<br />

homeo.dplg@yahoo.com<br />

UNITED KINGDOM<br />

Mr. Craig BOOTH<br />

CTL Engineering<br />

Cromwell rd. Bredbury<br />

Stockport. Cheshire<br />

SK6 2RH<br />

Tel. +44 01614303173<br />

Fax. +44 01614308643<br />

cwb@ctl-eng.com<br />

Mr. Peter DUNKLEY<br />

STERITROX Ltd<br />

The Old Stables, Upper End<br />

Birlingham, Nr. Pershore<br />

Worcestershire<br />

WR10 3AA<br />

Tel. +44 1386 751800<br />

Fax. +44 560 1135 707<br />

peter.dunkley@steritrox.co.uk<br />

Mr. Peter TOWNLEY<br />

STERITROX Ltd<br />

The Old Stables, Upper End<br />

Birlingham, Nr. Pershore<br />

Worcestershire<br />

WR10 3AA<br />

Tel. +44 1386 751800<br />

Fax. +44 560 1135 707<br />

peter.townley@steritrox.co.uk<br />

Ms. Detanra MAK<br />

JLA Ltd<br />

Meadowcroft Lane<br />

Ripponden<br />

HX6 4AJ<br />

dmak@otex.co.uk<br />

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA<br />

Charles J. Borg<br />

Applied Process Technology<br />

3333 Vincent Road, Suite 222<br />

Pleasant Hill, CA 94523<br />

Tel: 925-977-1811<br />

Fax: 925-977-1818<br />

cborg@aptwater.com<br />

Demetrious Cutino<br />

SFPUC<br />

2901 Crystal Springs Rd.<br />

San Bruno, CA 94066<br />

Tel: 650-808-3810<br />

Fax: 650-871-0317<br />

dcutino@sfwater.org<br />

Page 26


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

New IOA Members (cont’d)<br />

Tom Daugherty<br />

Blue Water Technologies Inc.<br />

10450 N. Airport Drive<br />

Hayden, ID 83835<br />

Tel: 208-209-0391<br />

Fax: 208-209-0396<br />

William C. Domb<br />

190 N Mountain Ave.<br />

Upland, CA 91786<br />

Tel: 909-981-6400<br />

Fax: 909-981-7582<br />

wmdomb@verizon.net<br />

Erin Farland<br />

City of Napa – Water Treatment Plants<br />

270 Kirland Ranch Rd.<br />

Napa, CA 94558<br />

Tel: 707-253-0822<br />

Fax: 707-253-1225<br />

Glen Galtere<br />

City of Vallejo-Water Division<br />

202 Fleming Hill Rd.<br />

Vallejo, CA 94589<br />

Tel: 707-648-5344<br />

Fax: 707-437-7135<br />

ggaltere@ci.vallejo.ca.us<br />

Serge Guilhemjouan<br />

ITT- Water and Wastewater<br />

14125 South Bridge Circle<br />

Charlotte, NC 28273<br />

Tel:704-409-9700<br />

Fax:704-409-9839<br />

Serge.Guilhemjouoan@itt.com<br />

Doug Gustafson<br />

Applied Process Technology<br />

3333 Vincent Road, Suite 222<br />

Pleasant Hill, Ca 94523<br />

Tel: 925-977-1811<br />

Fax: 925-977-1818<br />

cgustafson@aptwater.com<br />

Brad Jewel<br />

Orlando Utilities Commission<br />

P.O.Box 3193<br />

Orlando, FL 32802<br />

Tel: 407-384-4051<br />

Fax: 407-384-4113<br />

bjewell@ouc.com<br />

Martin King<br />

Restoration Industry <strong>Association</strong><br />

640 S. 19th St.<br />

Arlington, VA 22202<br />

Tel: 703-979-3410<br />

Fax: 703-979-7537<br />

martinch@erols.com<br />

Michael Larmon<br />

Action <strong>Ozone</strong>, Inc.<br />

197 Barn Own Dr.<br />

Hampshire, IL 60140<br />

Tel: 847-6830-7505<br />

Fax: 847-6830-7506<br />

mike@action<strong>ozone</strong>.com<br />

Naiko Munakata<br />

LA County Sanitation Districts<br />

1955 Workman Hill Road<br />

Whittier, CA 90601<br />

Tel: 562-699-7411<br />

Fax: 562-908-4293<br />

nmunakata@lacsd.org<br />

Issam Najim, Ph. D.<br />

WQTS, Inc.<br />

11800 Eddleston Dr.<br />

Northridge, CA 91326<br />

Tel: 818-366-8340<br />

Fax: 818-366-8347<br />

Issam.najim@wqts.com<br />

Turan Ramadan<br />

City of Napa – Water Treatment Plants<br />

270 Kirland Ranch Rd.<br />

Napa, CA 94558<br />

Tel: 707-253-0822<br />

Fax: 707-253-1225<br />

tramadan@citiyofnapa.org<br />

Keel Robinson<br />

Applied Process Technology, Inc.<br />

323 East Matilija St., #110<br />

Ojai, CA 93023<br />

Tel: 805-649-5796<br />

Fax: 805-649-5947<br />

krobinson@aptwater.com<br />

Page 27<br />

C. J. Strain<br />

Blue Water Technologies Inc.<br />

10450 N. Airport Drive<br />

Hayden, ID 83835<br />

Tel: 208-209-0391<br />

Fax: 208-209-0396<br />

cjstrain@blueh2o.net<br />

Tim Tarner<br />

City of Napa – Water Treatment Plants<br />

270 Kirland Ranch Rd.<br />

Napa, CA 94558<br />

Tel: 707-253-0822<br />

Fax: 707-253-1225<br />

Dave Volkenand<br />

Blue Water Technologies Inc.<br />

10450 N. Airport Drive<br />

Hayden, ID 83835<br />

Tel: 208-209-0391<br />

Fax: 208-209-0396<br />

Kristina Warren<br />

CDM<br />

11811 NE 1st Street, Suite 201<br />

Bellevue, WA 98005<br />

Tel: 425-453-8383<br />

Fax: 425-646-9523<br />

warrenkl@cdm.com<br />

YEMEN<br />

Mr. Mohamed ALHASNI<br />

Masaaben Street<br />

Sh. Othman<br />

Aden PO Box 2332<br />

ADEN<br />

Tel. +011 (967-2) 393828<br />

Fax. +011 (967-2) 386508<br />

trade@<strong>ozone</strong>me.com


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

Meetings Calendar<br />

Upcoming IOA Meetings<br />

2007<br />

August 25-30, 2007, World Congress on <strong>Ozone</strong> and<br />

Ultraviolet Technologies comprising the 18th <strong>Ozone</strong><br />

World Congress and the 4th <strong>International</strong> Congress on<br />

Ultraviolet Technologies (sponsored by the <strong>International</strong><br />

Ultraviolet <strong>Association</strong>), Hyatt Regency Century Plaza,<br />

Los Angeles, California .<br />

This will be the first joint Congress on Ultraviolet and<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> Technologies. There will be sessions on <strong>Ozone</strong><br />

Technologies, UV Technologies, and the combining of<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> and UV technologies and advanced oxidation.<br />

The congress will include three full days of technical<br />

presentations followed by a day of local technical tours.<br />

Topics presented will include:<br />

• <strong>Ozone</strong> pretreatment to enhance the performance of<br />

UV disinfection systems<br />

• Combined <strong>ozone</strong> and UV treatment of food and<br />

beverages<br />

• Combined <strong>ozone</strong> and UV treatment of air to remove<br />

pollutants<br />

• Emerging water and wastewater contaminants<br />

• Regulatory update<br />

For more information visit www.io3a.org.<br />

October 29-31, 2007, Sustainable Agri-Food Industry<br />

Use of <strong>Ozone</strong> & Related Oxidants. <strong>International</strong><br />

Conference & Exhibition, Valencia, Spain. This<br />

conference is being co-organized by the IOA EA3G<br />

Group and the Research <strong>Association</strong> on Food Industry,<br />

AINIA.<br />

This conference will focus on:<br />

• Food Safety and Quality<br />

• Water Use & Reuse<br />

• Current Research<br />

• System Design<br />

• Regulatory Status<br />

• Air Treatment<br />

• In-field developments<br />

• Product developments<br />

• Wash water<br />

• Soil treatment<br />

• Case studies<br />

For more information: Conference and registration<br />

information is included with this issue of <strong>Ozone</strong> News.<br />

Information is also available on the EA3G website:<br />

www.io3a.org.<br />

2009<br />

August 31- September 2, 2009, 19th <strong>Ozone</strong> World<br />

Congress, Tokyo Japan. The congress will end with a<br />

technical/sightseeing tour to Kyoto. See future issues of<br />

<strong>Ozone</strong> News for more information.<br />

Upcoming Meetings of Other Organizations<br />

2007<br />

September 12-14, 2007, Fourth Global Water Congress,<br />

Mexico City, Mexico. Information:<br />

www.zenithinternational.com<br />

October 2-4, 2007, World Aquatic HealthTM Conference<br />

2007, Cincinnati, OH. Information: www.nspf.com<br />

October 9-12, 2007, V AQUA Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine,<br />

Information: www.iec-expo.com.ua<br />

October 13-17, 2007, WEFTEC 07, 80th Annual<br />

Exhitibion and Conference, San Diego, CA.<br />

Information: www.weftec.org<br />

October 15-19, 2007, <strong>International</strong> Bottled Water<br />

<strong>Association</strong> Convention and Tabletop Tradeshow, Las<br />

Vegas Nevada. Information: www.bottled water.org.<br />

October 21-25, 2007, <strong>International</strong> Water Conference,<br />

Orlando, FL. Information: www.eswp.com/water<br />

October 30-November 1, 2007, Fourth Annual Water<br />

Technologies & Environmental Control Exhibition and<br />

Conference, Tel Aviv, Israel, Information:<br />

www.watec-israel.com<br />

Page 29


<strong>Ozone</strong> News Volume 35, No. 4<br />

Upcoming Meetings (cont’d)<br />

November 4-8, 2007, AWWA Water Quality Technology<br />

Conference, Charlotte, NC. Information:<br />

www.awwa.org<br />

November 4-9, 2007, AIChE Annual Meeting, Salt<br />

Palace Convention Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.<br />

Information: www.aiche.org<br />

November 14-16, 2007, Water Expo 2007, Mumbai,<br />

India. Information: www.watertoday.org/expo2007/<br />

December 5-7, 2007, 59th Annual NGWA Ground Water<br />

Expo, Orlando, FL. Information: www.ngwa.org<br />

2008<br />

February 9-12, 2008, Aquaculture America 2008, Lake<br />

Buena Vista, FL. Information: www.was.org<br />

March 11-14, 2008, SMAGUA 2008 18th <strong>International</strong><br />

Water and Environment Exhibition, Zaragoza, Spain.<br />

Information: www.smagua.es<br />

March 26-28, 2008, WQA Aquatech 2008, Las Vegas,<br />

NV. Information: www.aquatechtrade.com<br />

May 5-9, 2008, IFAT 2008, Munich, Germany,<br />

Information: www.ifat.de<br />

June 8-12, 2008, AWWA Annual Conference &<br />

Exposition, Atlanta, GA. Information: www.awwa.org<br />

October 10-14, 2008, WEFTEC 09, Orange County<br />

Convention Center, Orlando, FL. Information:<br />

www.weftec.org<br />

Page 30


ISSN 1065-5905<br />

<strong>International</strong> <strong>Ozone</strong> <strong>Association</strong>/Editorial Office<br />

P. O. Box 28873<br />

Scottsdale, AZ 85255<br />

Tel: 480-529-3787<br />

Fax: 480-473-9068<br />

Email: info@io3a.org

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