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Material and Methods 12 taken on October 7 th at 08.05 marking the end of the dark incubation (from 15.45 till 08.05) and the start of the light incubation (from 08.05 till 16.30). At every sampling point 50 ml were taken from each chamber. Table 2.1: Samples taken during the different campaigns from groundwater lances (L), push pull lances along transects (T) benthic chambers (BC) and wells. The range of sampled sediment depths is given for all lances as well as the number of sampling days for the groundwater lances. *There were no samples available for February/March, but ammonium concentrations were provided by S. Vogler. Sampling Campaign L1 depths (cm) Groundwater lances sampl. days L2 depths (cm) sampl. days Nb. Transects T depths (cm) Sample V per port (ml) Sepember 2009 - - - x 4 to 24 2 - - - 100 November 2009 x 4 to 28 1 - - - - - - 100 Feb/March 2010* - - - x 4 to 28 2 - - - - May 2010 x 4 to 40 2 x 4 to 40 2 1 T1 to T4 5 to 30 100 October 2010 x 4 to 28 2 x 4 to 28 3 2 T1 to T3 5 to 20 200 T4 to T6 5 to 20 200 Sampling Campaign Nb. of lances Baltic Sea side BC Wells depths (cm) Sample V per port (ml) Nb. of BC Sample V per BC (ml) 3 m deep Sepember 2009 - - - - - - - November 2009 - - - - - - - Feb/March 2010* - - - - - - - May 2010 - - - - - x - October 2010 2 30 200 6 50 x x 180 m deep All water samples were filtered and salinity and NH + 4 concentration were measured immediately. Subsamples for NO x and DON concentration measurements as well as for the determination of δ 15 N in NH + 4 were stored frozen in PE bottles at -20°C. Water column samples were filtered on GF/F filters and stored frozen until analyses.
Material and Methods 13 Figure 2.5: Schematic diagram of the benthic chambers used to measure the groundwater and ammonium fluxes between the sediment and the water column during the October campaign. The chamber depicted shows the experimental set-up during pre-incubations. Plastic spacers were removed before incubation start and chambers closed with Lids. (from Cook et al. (2005)) Organisms were sampled during October 2010. Plankton was sampled from the SGD impacted site of the beach in Hel as well as from the Baltic Sea side of Hel peninsula. Phytoplankton was collected with a 10 µm mesh size net and filtered on GF/F. Zooplankton samples were collected with a 55 µm net and living zooplankton was separated from seston and phytoplankton. Therefore the whole net sample was filled in an opaque dark chamber which was connected via a pipe with a transparent light chamber filled with filtered seawater. The living zooplankton was moving into the light chamber and thus separated from the rest of the sample. All plankton samples were stored frozen at -20°C until analyzing. Benthos was collected from the same sites as plankton using a brailer. In addition ropes anchored in the sediment were found on the beach of Hel near the groundwater lances (Figure 4) and on the Baltic Sea side. Parts of them were cut off and epiflora and epifauna were hand picked. Benthic animals were held in filtered seawater for 24 hours to allow their guts to clear. All benthos samples were classified and stored frozen separately at -20°C till analyzing. Sediment from the first 20 cm was taken at the SGD impacted site for a lab experiment. It was transported in a bucket with some supernatant seawater from the Puck Bay. At <strong>IOW</strong> it was
Page 1 and 2: Input and fate of dissolved nitroge
Page 3 and 4: Abstract II Abstract The aim of thi
Page 5 and 6: Abstract IV Um die Quellen und Senk
Page 7 and 8: Introduction 1 1 Introduction Eutro
Page 9 and 10: Introduction 3 where one aspect dea
Page 11 and 12: Introduction 5 producer and consume
Page 13 and 14: Material and Methods 7 Sampling too
Page 15 and 16: Material and Methods 9 The main sam
Page 17: Material and Methods 11 Figure 2.4:
Page 21 and 22: Material and Methods 15 t indicates
Page 23 and 24: Material and Methods 17 f = N N s s
Page 25 and 26: Material and Methods 19 Due to low
Page 27 and 28: Material and Methods 21 f = S P −
Page 29 and 30: Results 23 Table 3.1: Number of sam
Page 31 and 32: Results 25 Figure 3.2: Ammonium (NH
Page 33 and 34: Results 27 positioned closest to th
Page 35 and 36: Results 29 The mixing behaviour of
Page 37 and 38: Results 31 Figure 3.6: Ammonium (NH
Page 39 and 40: Results 33 values found in the seas
Page 41 and 42: Results 35 conservative mixing line
Page 43 and 44: Results 37 3.5 Benthic Chambers To
Page 45 and 46: Results 39 3.6 Core incubation expe
Page 47 and 48: Results 41 δ 13 C values about -18
Page 49 and 50: Results 43 Figure 3.15: Isotope dia
Page 51 and 52: Discussion 45 4 Discussion 4.1 SGD
Page 53 and 54: Discussion 47 Table 4.1: Seepage ra
Page 55 and 56: Discussion 49 data to calculate a m
Page 57 and 58: Discussion 51 maxima were approxima
Page 59 and 60: Discussion 53 reduction. This means
Page 61 and 62: Discussion 55 Table 4.3: Different
Page 63 and 64: Discussion 57 Table 4.4: Different
Page 65 and 66: Discussion 59 NH + 4 values. The 18
Page 67 and 68: Discussion 61 ammonium (more than 5
Page 69 and 70:
Discussion 63 (McClelland et al., 1
Page 71 and 72:
Bibliography 65 Burdige, D.J. & Zhe
Page 73 and 74:
Bibliography 67 Jankowska, H., Matc
Page 75 and 76:
Bibliography 69 Moore, W.S. (2010)
Page 77 and 78:
Bibliography 71 Thamdrup, B. & Dals
Page 79:
Selbständigkeitserklärung 73 Selb
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