Zooplankton of the open Baltic: Extended Atlas - IOW

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No Character Taxon Examples 6 Body oval, elongated or 7 arrow-like 6a Other body shape 8 7 Oval or elongated trunk; long tail with notochord Appendicularia (Page 144) 7a Large arrow-like body (15-45 mm) with paired lateral fins Chaetognatha (Page 142) 8 Medusa-like 9 8a Other shape 10 9 Medusa-like Cnidaria (Page 123) 9a Biradially-symmetric comb-jelly-like Ctenophora (Page 126) 10 Snail-like Gastropoda, larvae (Page 222) 10a Bivalve-like Bivalvia, larvae (Page 222) 10b With large projections Echinodermata, larvae (Page 230) 10c Bell-like Bryozoa, larvae (Page 230) 34
4. CILIATES OF THE BALTIC SEA 4.1. Brief characteristics of planktonic ciliates of the Baltic Sea General information Planktonic ciliates play pivotal roles in the transfer and recycling of carbon and other nutrients in the seas. It is now well established that ciliates constitute an essential food link in marine environments since they remove a significant part of primary and bacterial production and assume ‘trophic repackaging’ of picoplankton particles (0.2–2.0 µm) otherwise inaccessible to mesozooplankton. Picoplankton organisms (heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria, phytoplankton of cell size 0.2–2.0 µm) are the major consumers of dissolved organic matter; their biomass and production is the largest within the total planktonic community. Ciliates, which are among the most important consumers of this production, play a key role as an intermediate stage in the transformation of organic matter from picoplankton to higher trophic levels. Firstly, ciliates have high growth and metabolic rates. Secondly, they belong to a size range easily removed by metazoans, therefore they constitute a significant part of the food biomass in the sea. Planktonic ciliates make an essential contribution to the nutrition of copepods, rotifers, other invertebrates and fish larvae. Along with phototrophic microorganisms, viruses, heterotrophic bacteria, and microscopic fungi, ciliates participate in a ‘microbial loop’, which is an integral part of the planktonic food webs. Furthermore, the importance of planktonic ciliates as indicators of eutrophication and water pollution has been emphasized. History of research Pioneering studies of planktonic ciliates in the Baltic Sea began in the late 1940-s (Biernacka, 1948). Most of them dealt with Tintinnids because of their relatively large size (Biernacka, 1948, 1952; Hedin, 1974, 1975). There were also researches of other groups of ciliates (Bock, 1960; Biernacka, 1963). Investigations of benthic ciliates began earlier, in the late 1920-s (Sauerbrey, 1928; Kahl, 1930-1935). Contemporary investigations of Baltic ciliates deal with both, benthic communities (Klinkenberg & Schumann, 1994; Dietrich & Arndt, 2000; Garstecki et al., 2000), and planktonic ciliates (Smetacek, 1981; Boikova, 1989; Arndt, 1991; Kivi & Setala, 1995; Uitto et al., 1997; Witek, 1998; Setala & Kivi, 2003; Johansson et al., 2004; Samuelsson et al., 2006; Beusekom et al., 2007). Benthic and pelagic communities of ciliates showed little taxonomic overlap (Garstecki et al., 2000). However, benthic ciliates (genus Euplotes, Aspidisca, Tracheloraphis etc.) may be found in the water column because of bottom hashing; their role 35
Page 1 and 2: LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT FÜR OSTSEEFORSCHU
Page 3: Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS Page Preface…………
Page 9 and 10: PREFACE This volume is the Second E
Page 11 and 12: 1. INTRODUCTION Since the last glac
Page 13 and 14: eautifully designed network of flow
Page 15: The authors hope that the new, exte
Page 18 and 19: B (kg C / km²) 1000 100 10 1 0.1 P
Page 20 and 21: Table 2.1. Degree of dominance (fro
Page 22 and 23: ecosystem. Therefore, such introduc
Page 24 and 25: amplitude. On the other hand, for e
Page 26 and 27: a b c d Figure 3.2.1: a, The WP-2 U
Page 28 and 29: Figure 3.2.3. UNESCO standard net W
Page 30 and 31: procedure of sample preparation is
Page 32 and 33: al., 2000). The table of the micros
Page 34 and 35: 3.5. Biomass determination Informat
Page 38 and 39: considerably increases in coastal w
Page 40 and 41: Feeding modes and strategies Differ
Page 42 and 43: Several investigators observed that
Page 44 and 45: Fig. 4.1.1 Fig. 4.1.2 Fig. 4.1.3 Fi
Page 46 and 47: No Taxa BP 1 WBS 2 NBS 3 SBS 4 EBS
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5. MESO- AND MACROZOOPLANKTON OF TH
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Figure 5.1.2. Typical hydroid medus
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leidyi was found in the entire wate
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Polymorphism is a common phenomenon
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Cladocera (Plates 5.3.6 - 5.3.10) T
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Figure 5.1.7. Daphnia, schematic, l
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Figure 5.1.9. How to measure Cladoc
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filter feeders. Cyclopoida are also
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Figure 5.1.12. Morphology of a fema
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Figure 5.1.14. Development of copep
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Figure 5.1.16. Sagitta bipunctata,
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Figure 5.1.17. Appendicularia, sche
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Figure 5.1.19. Larvae of Polychaeta
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5.2. Checklist of meso- and macrozo
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No Taxa BP 1 WBS 2 NBS 3 SBS 4 EBS
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1 BP, Baltic Proper: after Ackefors
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5.3. Photo plates: meso- and macroz
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Plate 5.3.1 163
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Plate 5.3.2 165
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratef
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REFERENCES Aberle, N., Lengfellner,
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marine biodiversity inventory and t
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Bibliographie zur Biologie und Öko
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Johansson, M., Gorokhova, E., Larss
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method of estimating algal numbers
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community of Tokyo Bay. ICES J. Mar
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system by Aurelia aurita medusae -
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de/documents/mebe73_2008-telesh-lpo
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SELECTED ZOOPLANKTON INTERNET DATA
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INDEX OF LATIN NAMES Only valid spe
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Blepharisma tardum 46 Blepharisma u
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Coleps arenarius 48 Coleps bicuspis
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Didinium 36, 38, 51 Didinium balbia
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Folliculina ampula 54 Folliculina g
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Keronopsis arenivorus 57 Keronopsis
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Metopus major 61 Metopus nivaaensis
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Peritromus faurei 64 Peritromus mon
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Remanella brunnea 67 Remanella caud
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Strongylidium muscorum 71 Stylonich
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Trichocerca dixon-nutalli 154 Trich
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Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
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25 (1997) v. Bodungen, Bodo; Hentzs
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49 (2002) Nausch, Günther; Feistel
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73 (2008) Telesh, Irena; Postel, Lu
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Zooplankton of the open Baltic: Extended Atlas - IOW

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