Zooplankton of the open Baltic: Extended Atlas - IOW

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3.5. Biomass determination Information about numbers of organisms in a certain volume of water does not provide knowledge about their body mass which is essential for the analyses of trophic webs, energy balance calculations and zooplankton productivity estimation. The calculation of biomass is a way to overcome this problem if suitable individual biomass factors or proper morphometric approaches are applied (for reviews see: Table 4.12 in Postel et al., 2000; Telesh & Heerkloss, 2002, 2004). Such biomass determination is zooplankton specific, in contrast to quantifying the biovolume or other sum biomass parameters of the entire sample by volumetric or other procedures (for details see Postel et al., 2000). The advantage of determining zooplankton biomass using the conversion factors or length/mass correlations is in clear results that can not be falsified by phytoplankton and detritus. For zooplankton monitoring purposes in the Baltic Sea area, biomass factors were recommended according to Hernroth (1985). This compilation includes individual wet mass of six copepod and three cladoceran taxa basing on volume calculations by morphometric approaches, for example, of Chojnacki and Jankowski (1982), Chojnacki (1983), and Chojnacki (1986) and the successive conversion to wet mass. The compilation was supplemented by literature data for rotifers, chaetognaths, appendicularians and some copepods. Seasonal and regional differences were considered; therefore the amount of data was sufficient. Coarse conversion factors were used to reach comparability. Rough factors may produce significant errors when multiplied by large individual numbers. Therefore, factors and length to mass ratios based on direct measurements should be preferably used. There are some of those available from the Northern Baltic Sea (Kankaala & Johansson, 1986; Kankaala, 1987; Tanskanen, 1994); they are based on the kryo-conservation technique (Latja & Salonen, 1978; Salonen, 1979). Currently, the Monitoring and Assessment Group of the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM MONAS) is going to include length to carbon ratios and individual carbon factors for the major mesozooplankton species as a standard procedure in the Manual for Marine Monitoring (http://www.helcom.fi/groups/monas/CombineManual/AnnexesC/en_GB/ann ex7/) basing on the rapid kryo-conservation technique (c.f. Postel et al., 2007). 32
3.6. Picture key for major zooplankton taxa No Character Taxon Examples 1 Unicellular Ciliata (Page 35) 1a Multicellular 2 2 With obvious legs/antennae 3 2a Without obvious legs/antennae 4 3 Large compound eye; body with carapace of bivalve appearance, segmentation unclear; large antennae Cladocera (Page 131) 3a 3b Eye small; body elongated or cylindrical, with clear segmentation; antennae usually large Single minute eye spot; body small, unsegmented; with 3 pairs of appendages Copepoda (Page 136) Nauplia of Copepoda (Page 140) or Cirripedia (Page 224) 4 Body cylindrical or sackshaped, covered with cuticle or lorica, usually 200 µm 5 5 Body segmented, with parapodia and prominent bundles of chaetae Polychaeta, larvae (Page 146) 5a Body not segmented; without spines 6 33
Page 1 and 2: LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT FÜR OSTSEEFORSCHU
Page 3: Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS Page Preface…………
Page 9 and 10: PREFACE This volume is the Second E
Page 11 and 12: 1. INTRODUCTION Since the last glac
Page 13 and 14: eautifully designed network of flow
Page 15: The authors hope that the new, exte
Page 18 and 19: B (kg C / km²) 1000 100 10 1 0.1 P
Page 20 and 21: Table 2.1. Degree of dominance (fro
Page 22 and 23: ecosystem. Therefore, such introduc
Page 24 and 25: amplitude. On the other hand, for e
Page 26 and 27: a b c d Figure 3.2.1: a, The WP-2 U
Page 28 and 29: Figure 3.2.3. UNESCO standard net W
Page 30 and 31: procedure of sample preparation is
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Page 36 and 37: No Character Taxon Examples 6 Body
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Page 40 and 41: Feeding modes and strategies Differ
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Page 46 and 47: No Taxa BP 1 WBS 2 NBS 3 SBS 4 EBS
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Plate 4.3.1 83
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5. MESO- AND MACROZOOPLANKTON OF TH
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Figure 5.1.2. Typical hydroid medus
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leidyi was found in the entire wate
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Polymorphism is a common phenomenon
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Cladocera (Plates 5.3.6 - 5.3.10) T
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Figure 5.1.7. Daphnia, schematic, l
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Figure 5.1.9. How to measure Cladoc
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filter feeders. Cyclopoida are also
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Figure 5.1.12. Morphology of a fema
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Figure 5.1.14. Development of copep
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Figure 5.1.16. Sagitta bipunctata,
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Figure 5.1.17. Appendicularia, sche
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Figure 5.1.19. Larvae of Polychaeta
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5.2. Checklist of meso- and macrozo
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No Taxa BP 1 WBS 2 NBS 3 SBS 4 EBS
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1 BP, Baltic Proper: after Ackefors
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5.3. Photo plates: meso- and macroz
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Plate 5.3.1 163
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Plate 5.3.2 165
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Plate 5.3.8 177
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Plate 5.3.10 181
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Plate 5.3.11 183
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Plate 5.3.12 185
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratef
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REFERENCES Aberle, N., Lengfellner,
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marine biodiversity inventory and t
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Bibliographie zur Biologie und Öko
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Johansson, M., Gorokhova, E., Larss
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method of estimating algal numbers
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community of Tokyo Bay. ICES J. Mar
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system by Aurelia aurita medusae -
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de/documents/mebe73_2008-telesh-lpo
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SELECTED ZOOPLANKTON INTERNET DATA
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INDEX OF LATIN NAMES Only valid spe
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Blepharisma tardum 46 Blepharisma u
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Coleps arenarius 48 Coleps bicuspis
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Didinium 36, 38, 51 Didinium balbia
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Folliculina ampula 54 Folliculina g
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Keronopsis arenivorus 57 Keronopsis
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Metopus major 61 Metopus nivaaensis
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Peritromus faurei 64 Peritromus mon
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Remanella brunnea 67 Remanella caud
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Strongylidium muscorum 71 Stylonich
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Trichocerca dixon-nutalli 154 Trich
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Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
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25 (1997) v. Bodungen, Bodo; Hentzs
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49 (2002) Nausch, Günther; Feistel
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73 (2008) Telesh, Irena; Postel, Lu
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