Zooplankton of the open Baltic: Extended Atlas - IOW

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B (kg C / km²) 1000 100 10 1 0.1 Pseudocalanus spp. Temora longicornis Acartia spp. Synchaeta spp. Evadne nordmanii Fritillaria borealis Polychaeta larvae Bosmina spp. Podon spp. Centropages hamatus P (kg C / km² / a) Bivalvia larvae other Mesozooplankton Pleurobrachia pileus Eurytemora affinis Balanus larvae Keratella spp. 10000 1000 100 10 1 Pseudocalanus spp. Temora longicornis Acartia spp. Synchaeta spp. Evadne nordmanii Fritillaria borealis Polychaeta larvae Bosmina spp. Podon spp. Centropages hamatus Bivalvia larvae other Mesozooplankton Pleurobrachia pileus Eurytemora affinis Balanus larvae Keratella spp. Figure 2.1. Importance of various zooplankton taxa in terms of biomass (above) and annual production (below) in Gdańsk Bay during the 1980-s (after Witek, 1995). 16
Additionally, there is a remarkable shift in the dominating taxonomic groups. Thus, Paracalanus parvus, Pseudocalanus spp. and Oithona similis dominantly occur in the entire water column of the western Kattegat, while Calanus finmarchicus and Centropages typicus occasionally appear there. Predominant cladocerans are the carnivorous Evadne nordmanni, Podon spp. and Pleopsis polyphemoides in this area. The brackish water filter feeding cladocerans from the genus Bosmina are dominant in the Baltic Proper during summer. Partly in the eastern Kattegat and especially in the Sound, the zooplankton species composition demonstrates similarities to that in the nearsurface water of the Arkona Sea, for example, by the occurrence of Acartia species, which is a result of the Baltic Sea water outflow. On the other hand, copepods Acartia bifilosa which tolerate a salinity of 0.30 PSU (Sewell, 1948), and Eurytemora affinis, which survive at 0.50 PSU (Busch & Brenning, 1992), are the key species in the Gulf of Finland and the Bothnian Sea. Finally, Behrends et al. (1990) described a two-layer distribution of zooplankton in the Bay of Bothnia. While the glacial relict copepods Limnocalanus macrurus inhabit the cooler and low-saline deep water, Daphnia species appear in the surface layers, in nearly fresh water conditions. Centropages hamatus is a subdominant; it occurs at maximum population densities from Kattegat to the Arkona Sea. The Baltic Proper is the area where Acartia species, Temora longicornis and Bosmina spp. (in summer) are dominating. The seasonality is a pronounced reason for structural variability in plankton communities of temperate regions like the Baltic Sea. It is exposed in the reproduction cycles which are linked with the species’ demands for food availability and for certain temperature. Rotifers typically dominate in May (Synchaeta spp.) and in August (Keratella spp.) when their parthenogenetic reproduction mode allows utilizing optimal food conditions within a short period of time. Cladocerans proceed in the same way. Bosmina spp. use a small temporal “window” in summer, when temperature rises above 15°C (Ackefors, 1969). There are two species of appendicularians in the Baltic Sea, Oikopleura dioica and Fritillaria borealis. The first one prefers the higher salinity in the western Baltic Sea. Its reproduction maximum is in autumn while F. borealis inhabit all regions of the Baltic Proper, mainly in spring. Bivalvia larvae also peak in a bimodal way probably depending on different reproduction periods of various species which is likely, because two of four co-occurring species are more abundant (Ackefors, 1969) and have their reproduction from May to August (Macoma baltica) or from August to October (Mytilus edulis) (Hernroth & Ackefors, 1979). 17
Page 1 and 2: LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT FÜR OSTSEEFORSCHU
Page 3: Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS Page Preface…………
Page 9 and 10: PREFACE This volume is the Second E
Page 11 and 12: 1. INTRODUCTION Since the last glac
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4.3. Photo plates: ciliates of the
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5. MESO- AND MACROZOOPLANKTON OF TH
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Figure 5.1.2. Typical hydroid medus
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leidyi was found in the entire wate
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Polymorphism is a common phenomenon
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Cladocera (Plates 5.3.6 - 5.3.10) T
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Figure 5.1.7. Daphnia, schematic, l
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Figure 5.1.9. How to measure Cladoc
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filter feeders. Cyclopoida are also
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Figure 5.1.12. Morphology of a fema
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Figure 5.1.14. Development of copep
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Figure 5.1.16. Sagitta bipunctata,
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Figure 5.1.17. Appendicularia, sche
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Figure 5.1.19. Larvae of Polychaeta
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5.2. Checklist of meso- and macrozo
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1 BP, Baltic Proper: after Ackefors
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5.3. Photo plates: meso- and macroz
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratef
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REFERENCES Aberle, N., Lengfellner,
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marine biodiversity inventory and t
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Bibliographie zur Biologie und Öko
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Johansson, M., Gorokhova, E., Larss
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method of estimating algal numbers
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community of Tokyo Bay. ICES J. Mar
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system by Aurelia aurita medusae -
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de/documents/mebe73_2008-telesh-lpo
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SELECTED ZOOPLANKTON INTERNET DATA
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INDEX OF LATIN NAMES Only valid spe
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Blepharisma tardum 46 Blepharisma u
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Coleps arenarius 48 Coleps bicuspis
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Didinium 36, 38, 51 Didinium balbia
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Folliculina ampula 54 Folliculina g
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Keronopsis arenivorus 57 Keronopsis
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Metopus major 61 Metopus nivaaensis
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Peritromus faurei 64 Peritromus mon
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Remanella brunnea 67 Remanella caud
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Strongylidium muscorum 71 Stylonich
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Trichocerca dixon-nutalli 154 Trich
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Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
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25 (1997) v. Bodungen, Bodo; Hentzs
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49 (2002) Nausch, Günther; Feistel
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73 (2008) Telesh, Irena; Postel, Lu
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Zooplankton of the open Baltic: Extended Atlas - IOW

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