Zooplankton of the open Baltic: Extended Atlas - IOW

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egimes of bright field (BF), differential interference contrast (DIC), or phasecontrast (PHC). Original photographs of major other zooplankters were made with a CANON video system connected to OLYMPUS Research Microscope BH-2. In the illustrations, the magnification is indicated by a scalebar with a number which is its length in micrometers (μm). Alternatively, the size of a depicted organism is indicated in the legend. This volume should be of practical use for students and technicians as well as for scientists. Suggestions about how to improve the project and cooperation to enhance it are most welcome. 8
1. INTRODUCTION Since the last glaciation, the Baltic Sea has undergone several evolutionary stages between a huge marine bay and a large freshwater lake during which a number of different ecological systems developed and were successfully replaced in this area (Jansson, 1972). Today the Baltic Sea is the largest brackish water area in the world characterized as a temperate shelf sea with permanent salinity stratification, a horizontal salinity gradient and low water turnover of 35 years. It is a shallow sea with a mean depth of 62.1 m, the greatest depth 459 m, an area of 415,266 km 2 (Baltic Proper itself is 211,069 km 2 ), a volume of ca. 22,000 km 3 (HELCOM, 2001; Wulff et al., 2001; Schiewer, 2008). The presence of shallow sills at the western inlets causes stable water stratification. The Baltic can be best compared to a stratified fiord with a rich supply of fresh water from the rivers. Due to the humid climate, there is an estuarine circulation with outflow of low-saline water above the halocline and powerful periodic injections of North Sea water below the halocline which greatly affect the salinity of the deep water layers. The location of the Baltic Sea in the northern high latitudes means a pronounced seasonality in temperature and light regime. The vegetation season lasts longer in the southern areas than in the north of the sea. Ice coverage is occasional in the southern Baltic. The average temperature of the surface waters in summer is 16° C, and a thermocline is formed at the depth of 10 to 30 m. The water below thermocline is usually colder than 7-8° C during the whole year. The water stratification delimits vertical exchange of water masses and pelagic organisms thus creating layers with different ecological characteristics. In terms of salinity, the regime ranges between oligohaline (0.5 PSU) and mesohaline (18 PSU) conditions, with an average of 7-8 PSU in the major open Baltic waters (HELCOM, 2001). Climate change and decadal scale variability of these parameters modifies the hydrographic characteristics accordingly (BACC, 2008; Feistel et al., 2008). Since the end of the XIX century many authors have tried to divide the different Baltic Sea areas with respect to hydrographical conditions, and their ideas have differed greatly in many cases (Ekman, 1931, and Wattenberg, 1949, cited after Ackefors, 1969). In the present study we use the following names of the different subareas of the Baltic Sea and a classification which is largely based on the division of the sea made by Ackefors (1969): 9
Page 1 and 2: LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT FÜR OSTSEEFORSCHU
Page 3: Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS Page Preface…………
Page 9: PREFACE This volume is the Second E
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4.3. Photo plates: ciliates of the
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5. MESO- AND MACROZOOPLANKTON OF TH
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Figure 5.1.2. Typical hydroid medus
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leidyi was found in the entire wate
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Polymorphism is a common phenomenon
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Cladocera (Plates 5.3.6 - 5.3.10) T
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Figure 5.1.7. Daphnia, schematic, l
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Figure 5.1.9. How to measure Cladoc
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filter feeders. Cyclopoida are also
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Figure 5.1.12. Morphology of a fema
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Figure 5.1.14. Development of copep
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Figure 5.1.16. Sagitta bipunctata,
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Figure 5.1.17. Appendicularia, sche
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Figure 5.1.19. Larvae of Polychaeta
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5.2. Checklist of meso- and macrozo
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1 BP, Baltic Proper: after Ackefors
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5.3. Photo plates: meso- and macroz
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratef
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REFERENCES Aberle, N., Lengfellner,
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marine biodiversity inventory and t
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Bibliographie zur Biologie und Öko
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Johansson, M., Gorokhova, E., Larss
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method of estimating algal numbers
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community of Tokyo Bay. ICES J. Mar
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system by Aurelia aurita medusae -
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de/documents/mebe73_2008-telesh-lpo
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SELECTED ZOOPLANKTON INTERNET DATA
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INDEX OF LATIN NAMES Only valid spe
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Blepharisma tardum 46 Blepharisma u
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Coleps arenarius 48 Coleps bicuspis
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Didinium 36, 38, 51 Didinium balbia
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Folliculina ampula 54 Folliculina g
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Keronopsis arenivorus 57 Keronopsis
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Metopus major 61 Metopus nivaaensis
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Peritromus faurei 64 Peritromus mon
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Remanella brunnea 67 Remanella caud
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Strongylidium muscorum 71 Stylonich
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Trichocerca dixon-nutalli 154 Trich
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Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
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25 (1997) v. Bodungen, Bodo; Hentzs
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49 (2002) Nausch, Günther; Feistel
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73 (2008) Telesh, Irena; Postel, Lu
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Zooplankton of the open Baltic: Extended Atlas - IOW

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